99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD.

FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

Prob. 2.1)
a. Obtain the global stiffness matrix K of the assemblage show in Figure P2-1 by the
superimposing the stiffness matrices of the individual spring. Here k 1, k2, and k3 are
stiffness of the spring as show.
b. If nodes 1 and 2 are fixed and a force P acts on node 4 in the positive x direction, find
an expression of the spring for the displacements of node 3 and 4.
c. Determine the reaction forces node 1 and 2.
(Hint: Do this problem by writing the nodal equilibrium equations and then making use
of the force/ displacement relationship for each element as done in the first part of section
2.4. Then solve the problem by the direct stiffness method.)

Figuge F2-1.

1). Solving by writing nodal equilibrium equations.

a. Given: For the spring system shown above; k1, k2, and k3
Find: Global stiffness matrix K.
Sol:
Free-body diagram of system:

Element 1: F x 0

f3(1)  f1  0

f 3(1)  f1

f 3(1)  k1 (u3  u1 )
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

f1   k1 (u3  u1 )

 f1   k1  k1   u1 
 f (1)     k   (1)
 3   1 k1  u3 

Node 1: F x 0
f1  F1  0
f1  F1
F1  f1   k1 (u3  u1 )
Node 3: F x 0
f3(2)  f3(1)  0
f 3(2)  f 3(1)
Element 2: F x 0
f 4(2)  f3(2)  0
f 4(2)  f 3(2)
f 4(2)  k2 (u4  u3 )
f3(2)  k2 (u4  u3 )

 f3(2)   k2  k2   u3 
 (2)   
k2  u4 
(2)
 f 4    k2

Node 4: F x 0
P  f 4(2)  f 4(3)  0
P  f 4(2)  f 4(3)
Element 3: F x 0
f 4(3)  f 2  0
f 4(3)  f 2
f 4(3)  k3 (u2  u4 )
f 2  k3 (u2  u4 )

 f 4(3)   k3  k3   u 4 
 
k3  u2 
(3)
 f 2    k3
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

Node 2: F x 0
f 2  F2  0
f 2  F2
F2  f 2   k3 (u2  u4 )
From element 1 and node 1 equations, we have:
F1   k1 (u3  u1 )
F1  k1u1  k1u3
From element 3 and node 2 equations, we have:
F2  k3 (u2  u4 )
F2  k3u2  k3u4
From element 1, element 2, and node 3 equations, we have:
F3  f 3(2)  f 3(1)   k2 (u4  u3 )  k1 (u3  u1 )
F3   k1u1  (k2  k1 )u3  k2u4
From element 3, element 2, and node 4 equations, we have:
F4  P  f 4(2)  f 4(3)  k2 (u4  u3 )  k3 (u2  u4 )
F4  P   k3u2  k2u3  (k3  k2 )u4
Or
 F1   k1 0  k1 0   u1 
F   0 k3 0  k3  u2 
 2  
 F3    k1 0 k1  k2  k2   u3 
    
P  0  k3  k2 k3  k 2   u 4 
So, we have global stiffness matrix:
 k1 0  k1 0 
 0 k3 0  k3 
K 
  k1 0 k1  k2  k2 
 
 0  k3  k2 k3  k 2 
Answer: global stiffness matrix:

 k1 0 k1 0 
 0 k3 0 k3 
K 
  k1 0 k1  k2  k2 
 
 0  k3  k2 k3  k 2 

b. Give: u1 = 0, u2 = 0, and P
Find: equations displacement express u3, u4
Sol:
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

Equilibrium equation for the whole system is:

 F1   k1 0  k1 0   u1 
F   0 k3 0  k3  u2 
 2  
 F3    k1 0 k1  k2  k2   u3 
    
P  0  k3  k2 k3  k 2   u 4 
Applying the boundary conditions (u1 = 0, u2 = 0, F3=0) in this equation, or delete
the 1 and 4th rows and columns, we have:
st

 0   k1  k2  k2   u3 
 P    k k2  k3  u4 
   2

(k1  k2 )u3  k2u4  0


 k2u3  (k2  k3 )u4  P

 Pk2
u3  k k  k k  k k
 1 2 1 3 3 2

u  P (k1  k2 )
 4
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

Answer: Displacement of nodes 3rd and 4th are expressed respectively:

 Pk2
u3  k k  k k  k k
 1 2 1 3 3 2

u  P (k1  k2 )
 4
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

c) Find: F1, F2
Sol:

Applying the boundary condition (u1 = 0) in equation (1) of element 1st, we have:

 f1   k1  k1   0 
 f (1)     k  
 3   1 k1  u3 

f1   k1u3

F1  f1   k1u3

 Pk2 k1
F1 
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

Applying the boundary condition (u2 = 0) in equation (3) of element 3rd, we have:

 f 4(3)   k3  k3   u 4 
 
 2    k3
f k3   0 

f 2   k3u4

F2  f 2   k3u3

 k3 P (k1  k2 )
F2 
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

Answer: reaction forces at nodes 1st and 2nd are:

  Pk2 k1
 F1  k k  k k  k k
 1 2 1 3 3 2

 F   k3 P (k1  k2 )
 2 k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

2). Solving by the direct stiffness method

a) Given: For the spring system shown above; k1, k2, and k3
Find: Global stiffness matrix K.
Sol:
The element stiffness matrices as show:
Element 1:

Element 2:

Element 3:

Using the concept of superposition, we obtain the global stiffness matrix as

K=
 k1 0 k1 0 
 0 k3 0 k3 
K 
  k1 0 k1  k2  k2 
 
 0  k3  k2 k3  k 2 
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

Answer: global stiffness matrix:

 k1 0 k1 0 
 0 k3 0 k3 
K 
  k1 0 k1  k2  k2 
 
 0  k3  k2 k3  k 2 

b) Give: u1 = 0, u2 = 0, and P
Find: equations displacement express u3, u4
Sol:
Equilibrium equation for the whole system is:

 F    K u 
 F1   k1 0  k1 0   u1 
F   0 k3 0  k3  u2 
Or  2  
 F3    k1 0 k1  k2  k2   u3 
    
P  0  k3  k2 k3  k 2   u 4 

Applying the boundary conditions (u1 = 0, u2 = 0, F3=0) in this equation, or

delete the 1st and 4th rows and columns, we have:

 0   k1  k2 k2  u3 
 P    k k2  k3  u4 
   2

(k1  k2 )u3  k2u4  0


k2u3  (k2  k3 )u4  P

 Pk2
u3  k k  k k  k k
 1 2 1 3 3 2

u  P (k1  k2 )
 4
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

Answer: Displacement of nodes 3rd and 4th are expressed respectively:

 Pk2
 u 
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2
3


u  P (k1  k2 )
 4
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2
99669028 Huynh Quoc Viet VE PhD. FEA HW#3
Due 10/04/2010

c) Find: F1, F2
Sol:

Equilibrium equation for the whole system is:

 F1   k1 0  k1 0   u1 
F   0 k3 0  k3  u2 
 2  
 F3    k1 0 k1  k2  k2   u3 
    
P  0  k3  k2 k3  k 2   u 4 

Applying the boundary conditions (u1 = 0, u2 = 0, F3=0) in this equation, we

have:

 F1   k1 0  k1 0 0 
F   0 k3 0  k3 0 
 2 K    
0   k1 0 k1  k2  k2   u3 
    
P  0  k3  k2 k3  k 2   u 4 

 F1  k1u3

 F2   k3u4

  Pk2 k1
 F1  k k  k k  k k
 1 2 1 3 3 2

 F   k3 P ( k1  k2 )
 2 k1k2  k1k3  k3k2

Answer: reaction forces at nodes 1st and 2nd are:

  Pk2 k1
 F 
k1k2  k1k3  k3k2
1


 F   k3 P ( k1  k2 )
 2 k1k2  k1k3  k3k2