Implants

 Def
Prosthetic device of alloplastic material implanted into oral tissue beneath the
mucosa and or periosteal layer and or within bone to obtain retention and
support for fixed or removable prosthesis
 Classification
1. Mucosal inserts
 Small metal buttons in the fitting surface
 Fit mechanically in mucosa through "crypts" = depressions
 Mainly for upper denture
2. Sub periosteal implant
 Under the mucosa and cover the alveolar bone
 Need impression for mandible
 Consists of Metal frame work for metal post to provide retention
3. Endosseous implant V.V.V.I
 Penetrate bone
 One part is fixed to bone and the another part appears in oral cavity to
support the prosthesis
a) blade form
b)root form
c) cylindrical form
d) transitional implant : temporary holding of the prosthesis
4. Transosseous implant
 Metal post: penetrate the mandible from the inferior border
 Called metal stable
 Indicated in atrophic mandible

 Advantages of endosseaus implant

1. Improved appearance
2. Gain full retention
3. Maintain V.D
4. Preserve teeth
5. Improved comfort and speech
6. Maintenance of bone
7. Proper occlusion
8. Reduced palate or flanges

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  Contra indication
1. Debilitating or uncontrolled disease
2. Pregnancy
3. Poor oral hyagiene
4. Poor patient motivation
5. Radiation therapy
6. Hypersensitivity of the components
7. Unrealistic patient expectations
 Criteria of dental implant successful
1. Implant should be immobile when tested
2. X ray shouldn't demonstrate radiolucency (No evidence of peri implant radiolucency)
3. Vertical bone loss shouldn’t exceed 0.2 mm for following implant's first year service
4. Absence of signs and symptoms of altered function or sensation
5. Success rate during first 10 year not less than 80 %
 Factors affecting success
1. Patient selection
2. Implant material (Ti)
3. Surgical technique
4. Implant design
5. Implant surface
6. Loading time
7. Perfect fit "passive fit of supra structure"

 Implant components
1. Implant body
2. Implant abutment
3. Supra structure

 Implant placement phases

a) Surgical phase
1 st stage: placement the fixture and close it for osseo integration
2 nd stage: exposure of the implant to attach the abutment and then take impression
b) Prosthetic phase: place the supra structure

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  Types of implant prosthesis
1. Fixed implant prosthesis either
 Cemented retained
 Screw retained
2. Fixed detachable prosthesis
 Retained by dentist
 Usually 4-5 implants fixtures are placed
 Denture teeth connected to the frame work with acrylic resin
 Used in moderate and advanced bone resorption
3. Fixed removable prosthesis
 Could be removed
 Retained by pins and ledges
4. Overdenture
 Implant supported over denture
 Implant and tissue supported over denture