DCN LAB WORK

BALARAM PRATAP
DEVOPS (2017-21)
R171217014
500061550
Aim: - To Study about the following Network Devices
Apparatus: - No software or hardware required.

REPEATER

 It is used to regenerate a signal which can be digital or analog which is distorted by

transmission loss or we can say when the signal travels long distance than its strength
is reduced so to regenerate it we use repeaters.
 An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal.
When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the
original strength.
 It’s a 2 port device and operates at Physical layer.

Hub

 It’s basically a multiport repeater that is multiple computers and network devices are
connected through this single device.
 Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices.
  In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one.
 Also, they do not have intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to
inefficiencies and wastage.

Transceiver

 It’s a combination of transmitter and receiver mostly used nowadays in cellular devices.
 Transmitter and receiver share common circuitry and are connected to the same
antenna. For example, a Walkie Talkie, here receiver is silenced while transmitting the
data packets.
 Also an electronic switch is connected which prevents the output of the transceiver to
damage the receiver. Mode is also called half duplex.

NIC’s

 In early history devices used to share data on floppy disks as there was no internet at
that time, but in modern times a computer to be a part of network need a NIC.
 It contains circuitry through which the network can be wireless or can be through wire
like Ethernet.
  Ethernet connection is established through a RJ45 connector, small lights embedded in
the NIC show that the connection has been established.

BRIDGES

 It’s a device used in the data link layer in the OSI model. It reduces network traffic.
 It stores the MAC address of the PC in the network. It divides the network into segments
and then when a specific device wants to send a data packet to other device first the
data packet will be sent to the bridge and then it will be decided to which segment the
pc belongs and then data packet will be broadcasted into the respective segment.
 In networking terms, a bridge filters and forwards packets by physical address. Bridges
operate at the Network Access Layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack.

SWITCH

 A Switch can be used to connect multiple pcs over the network. Unlike the hub, it can
send the data packet to the specific device. 88
  A switch, simplified, is a smarter version of a hub. On a switch, as with a hub, each
computer is connected through a single line. However, the switch is smarter about
where it sends data that comes in through one of its ports.
 The way in it is different from the hub is that hub is a broadcast device that is used to
send the data packets to each device connected to the network hub, but switch is a
multicast device which can be used to send the data to a specific device.

ROUTER

 A Router is a device which is used to connect two different networks

 A Router is a connectivity device that filters and forwards data based on a logical
address. In the case of TCP/IP networks, that would be the IP address.
 Routers are an essential part of any larger TCP/IP network. In fact, without the
development of network routers and TCP/IP routing protocols, the Internet (the biggest
network in the world) would not have become as extensive. Routers play a vital role in
controlling traffic and keeping the network efficient.
  It works in the network layer link of the OSI model and the way in which it is different
from the hub and switch is that both are used to connect devices within the same
network but here this router connects two or more networks.

Conclusion: Gain the Knowledge about Network Devices.