Jagannath International Management School

Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110070

(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi)
Grade ‘A’ accredited by NAAC & ISO 9001:2015 Quality Certified
Recognized u/s 2(f) by UGC

A PROJECT REPORT

“GPS enabled sensor stick for visually disabled persons”

Submitted by

Palak Katyal
Rohan Tyagi
Rohit Adhikari

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

Bachelor in Computer Application

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL

VASANT KUNJ, NEW DELHI
SELF CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “_______________________

__________________________________” is done by our group is an authentic
work carried out for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications under the guidance of
______________________________. The matter embedded in this project
work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the
best of my knowledge and belief.

[Signature of the student]

[Name of the Student]
[Roll No.]
 Certificate

Certified that the Project Report (BCA-353) entitled “_____________________

______________________________________________” done by the group of
students “_________________________”,”_________________________”
and “______________________________________” is completed under my
guidance.

Signature of the Guide

Date:

Name of the Guide:

Designation:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With candor and pleasure I take opportunity to express my sincere thanks and
obligation to my esteemed guide _____________________________. It is
because of her able and mature guidance and co-operation without which it would
not have been possible for me to complete my project.

It is my pleasant duty to thank all the staff member of the computer centre who
never hesitated me from time to time during the project.

Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement & patience of my

family, and as always, nothing in my life would be possible without God, Thank
You!

Signature of the student

(Name of the student)
 Chapter 1-INTRODUCTION

Visually disabled person can be caused by things like genetics, infection, disease
or injury. People who are visually disabled person usually have a difficult time
navigating outside the spaces that they're accustomed to. In fact, physical
movement is one of the biggest challenges for blind people, explains World
Access for the Blind. Traveling or merely walking down a crowded street can be
challenging.

GPS Enabled Smart Sensor Stick device is an innovative stick designed for
visually disabled people for improved navigation. We here propose an advanced
blind stick that allows visually challenged people to navigate with ease using
advanced technology. The sensor stick is integrated with sensor along with
ultrasonic sensor and water sensing.

Our proposed project first uses sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonic
waves.

On sensing obstacles, the sensor passes this data to the microcontroller.The

microcontroller then processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close
enough.

If the obstacle is not that close the circuit does nothing. If the obstacle is close
the microcontroller sends a signal to sound a buzzer. It also detects and sounds a
different buzzer if it detects water and alerts the visually disabled person.

Purpose

Presently, visually disabled people who use white stick as a tool for direction,
when they are move or walk. Generally, we observe that white cane is the best
friend of visually impaired person. But many a times this cane is not useful. In
an unfamiliar surrounding visually impaired person might get confused.

For visually disabled person it is challenge to navigate through a room or

hallway without bumping into obstacles. Even with aid, such as walking stick, it
can be sometimes inconvenient, uncomfortable and perhaps inaccurate in
avoiding obstacles.

The aim of this project is to help visually disabled person to walk with ease,
help in navigation and to be warned whenever they are walking on path is
obstructed with other objects. As a warning signal, a buzzer is connected to the
circuit, whose frequency of beep changes according to the distance of object.
The closer the distance of obstacles, the more will be the sound frequency. It is
very cheap according to other smart sticks.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

 To design and develop an aid for visually disabled persons by detecting the
objects and things that comes along their path, which will help them in
navigation.
 This project is capable of detecting any obstacles on the path the person is
taking.
 It ensures safe waking for the disabled persons.
 To help the visual disabled persons to reach his destination safely and
securely.
 This smart stick give alters to the visually disable persons with beep
sound.
 It also helps them by using GPS system in their stick by taking the route
of the GPS system.
2 chapter 2- System Analysis Study

2.1..1 Project overview

This project is to design and develop an aid for visually disabled persons by
detecting the objects and things that comes along their path, which will help
them in navigation. As a warning signal, a buzzer is connected to the circuit,
whose frequency of beep changes according to the distance of object. The
closer the distance of obstacles, the more will be the sound frequency. It also
helps them by using GPS system in their stick by taking the route of the GPS
system. It is very cheap according to other smart sticks.

1.4 SDLC Methodologies

One of the basic notions of the software development process is SDLC models which
stands for Software Development Life Cycle models. SDLC – is a continuous
process, which starts from the moment, when it’s made a decision to launch the project,
and it ends at the moment of its full remove from the exploitation. There is no one single
SDLC model. They are divided into main groups, each with its features and
weaknesses.
Evolving from the first and oldest “waterfall” SDLC model, their variety significantly
expanded. The SDLC models diversity is predetermined by the wide number of product
types –starting with a web application to a complex medical software. And if you take
one of the SDLC models mentioned below as the basis – in any case, it should be
adjusted to the features of the product, project, and company. The most used, popular
and important SDLC models are given below:
 Waterfall Model
 Iterative Model
 Spiral Model
 V-shaped Model
 Agile Model
BASIC STAGES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Stage 1. Planning and requirement analysis

Each software development life cycle model starts with the analysis, in which the
stakeholders of the process
discuss the requirements for the final product. The goal of this stage is the detailed
definition of the system requirements. Besides, it is needed to make sure that all the
process participants have clearly understood the tasks and how every requirement is
going to be implemented. Often, the discussion involves the QA specialists who can
interfere the process with additions even during the development stage if it is necessary.

Stage 2. Designing project architecture

At the second phase of the software development life cycle, the developers are actually
designing the architecture. All the different technical questions that may appear on this
stage are discussed by all the stakeholders, including the customer. Also, here are
defined the technologies used in the project, team load, limitations, time frames, and
budget. The most appropriate project decisions are made according to the defined
requirements.

Stage 3. Development and programming

After the requirements approved, the process goes to the next stage – actual
development. Programmers start here with the source code writing while keeping in
mind previously defined requirements. The system administrators adjust the software
environment, front-end programmers develop the user interface of the program and the
logics for its interaction with the server.
The programming by itself assumes four stages:
 Algorithm development
 Source code writing
 Compilation
 Testing and debugging

Stage 4. Testing
The testing phase includes the debugging process. All the code flaws missed during the
development are detected here, documented, and passed back to the developers to fix.
The testing process repeats until all the critical issues are removed and software
workflow is stable.

Stage 5. Deployment
When the program is finalized and has no critical issues – it is time to launch it for the
end users. After the new program version release, the tech support team joins. This
department provides user feedback; consult and support users during the time of
exploitation. Moreover, the update of selected components is included in this phase, to
make sure, that the software is up-to-date and is invulnerable to a security breach.
Our project is based on waterfall model

STAGES OF waterfall MODEL AND IMPLEMENTAION ON THE

PROJECTS

1. PLANNING
This is the first and basic steps in which all the important aspects and
goals to achieve this project is taken into consideration by which this
product could further be survived and promoted in the market.

2. REQUIRMENT
In this phase all the important components are being arranged to make the
project, necessary software and all electrical boards and switches are
being finalized to make the project run successfully.

3. DESIGNING
The third phase comes with important aspect of All the different technical
questions that may appear on this stage are discussed by all the
stakeholders, including the customer. Also, here are defined the
technologies used in the project, team load, limitations, time frames, and
budget.

4. BUILDING
After the requirements approved, the process goes to the next stage –
actual development. Programmers start here with the source code writing
while keeping in mind previously defined requirements. The system
administrators adjust the software environment, front-end programmers
develop the user interface of the program and the logics for its interaction
with the server.

5. TESTING
The final steps come to test the codes and technology that are analyzed in
the previous stages all the errors in the codes that are generated in the
codes and bugs will be fixed and only after that the code will be
implemented in the project for successful compilation.

6. MAINTENANCE
This step occurs after installation, and involves making modifications to
the system or an individual component to alter attributes or improve
performance.These modifications arise either due to change requests
initiated by the customer, or defects uncovered during live use of the
 system. Client is provided with regular maintenance and support for the
developed software.

Existing system study report

white cane is the best friend of visually impaired person. But many a times this
cane is not useful. In an unfamiliar surrounding visually disabled person might
get confused. For visually disabled person it is challenge to navigate through a
room or hallway without bumping into obstacles. Even with aid, such as
walking stick, it can be sometimes inconvenient, uncomfortable and perhaps
inaccurate in avoiding obstacles.

Existing model is using 8-bit microcontroller and IR sensor that does not
support other equipment’s and do not support sensing sensors. It is not very
user-friendly. It is very power consumption.

2.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS GATHERING

If the feasibility report is positive towards undertaking the project, next phase starts with
gathering requirements from the user. Analysts and engineers communicate with the client
and end-users to know their ideas on what the software should provide and which features
they want the software to include

SURVEY
Our Conclusion on survey
From the survey, we analyze that, there are certain areas can be enhanced in order to have a
reliable and efficient blind stick for visually disabled person with better safety precaution
during their travel. There are several problems that has been identified. For an example
previously, people using IR sensors for obstacle detection is not really good enough due to
the range of detection which is short compare to other proximity sensors. This type of sensors
detects only the nearest (short distance) objects such as, walls, chairs, parked vehicles etc.
This might lead to accidents when there are vehicles that travels in a high speed. This work
shows the inefficiency of the stick design. Hence this electronic stick is not really assisting
the visually disabled person during the emergency situations.
Using ultrasonic sensor that obstacle detection for large area. In addition, this invention
requires a low cost if it is used in the external environment because the larger area need to be
tagged and low cost is needed. Thus, there should be hundreds of tags sticked everywhere.
Besides that, using IR sensing technology detects obstacle only for short area. There is no any
GPS facility which leads the visually disable people in a safety position. Thus, visually
disabled person people find it difficult to travel.
GPS technology brings in different features. For example, some uses for travelling from one
place to another and some use in tracing the location, using GPS .GPS system but unless
there is an idea of designing extra features such as emergency trigger in detecting the location
of the visually disabled people that will be more in advance. Moreover, Blind people might
also have difficulties on tracing the range of obstacle within them via buzzer. It will be very
much advance if there is voice signal, giving information on the distance of obstacle within
the blind people in the form of voice.

FEASIBILITY
The feasibility study is carried out to select the best system that meets performance
requirements. The main aim of the feasibility study activity is to determine whether it would
be financially and technically feasible to develop the product. In this phase we will report the
following feasibility study reports carried out during their respective software development.
 Technical Feasibility

As technical feasibility involves evaluation of the hardware, software, and other technology
requirements of the proposed system. Our project is conventionally based on how sensor stick
help visually disable person to walk.

 Economical Feasibility

 Operational feasibility
2.4 System Requirement Study Report

2.4.1System Requirements Gathering

A requirement is a statement about our project that specifies what it should do or how it
should perform.
Goal: To make cost effectively ,easy, and clear as possible.
What requirements should be gathered?
Functional: What gps enable sensor stick for visually disable person should do.

2.4.1.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIRMENTS

Functional requirements are product features or functions that developers must implement to
enable users to accomplish their tasks.
Our final project after completion is based on the GPS enable sensor stick for visually
disabled person which would be helpful in the coming future and save money. Some of the
key features of this system will be sense the obstacles, help in navigation and alter the user
from obstacles.

2.4.1.3 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIRMENTS

2.4.1.3.1 Arduino uno
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets
of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards (shields) and other circuits.The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B
USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery, though it
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo.

Arduino UNO

Arduino Uno SMD R3

Developer Arduino

Type Single-board microcontroller[1]

Operating system None

CPU Microchip AVR (8-bit)

Memory SRAM
 Storage Flash, EEPROM

Ultrasonic sensor
Buzzer
Gps
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
Arduino uno
Ultrasonic sensor
Buzzer
Gps
Chapter 3 SYSTEM DESIGN

BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORK FLOW DIAGRAM

Here workflow of our project with gps