Organelles

Organelle Functions Structure

Nucleus Controls the cell and It is surrounded by two

contains genetic membranes known as the
material nuclear envelope. There are
chromosomes in a loosely
coiled state known as
chromatin.
Nucleolus Produces ribosomes It is small and found inside the
nucleus.
Endoplasmic Produces and A network of flattened sacs
Reticulum modifies proteins, running through the cytoplasm
lipids and of eukaryotic cells. It can be
carbohydrates smooth (no ribosomes) and
rough (with ribosomes)
Ribosome Produces proteins A tiny organelle found in
eukaryotic cell. They are made
up by proteins and ribosomal
RNA and have two subunits.
Golgi Body Sorts, modifies and Found in eukaryotic cells.
packages the Consists of a stack of flattened
material with vesicles sacs.
Lysosome Digest food or Found in eukaryotic cells.
harmful materials Contain digestive enzymes.
inside the cell
Mitochondria Produces energy The place where aerobical
needed for cell respiration takes place. It has a
activity double membrane and is filled
with a substance called matrix.
 Roles of the components of cell membrane
Phospholipids They form the phospholipid bilayer and act as a
barrier to water-soluble substances. They can be
signalling molecules.

Choleresterol They maintain the mechanical stability of the

membrane and prevent ions or polar molecules
from passing through the membrane.

Glycolipids They act as receptor molecules or cell markers,

called antigens. They are involved in endocytosis,
too.

Glycoproteins Similar to glycolipids, they act as receptor

molecules or cell markers, called antigens. They are
involved in endocytosis, too.

Proteins They make possible the active transport. They can

be antibodies, which attack and destroy invading
microorganisms. They can be hormones, such as
insuline or glycagone and can be signalling
molecules or receptors.
They can also act as enzymes.