EE-211

Electrical Network Analysis

Lecture
“ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS”
Text Book: Chapter 17(8th Ed)
Two-Port Networks

Instructor: M Tahir Rasheed

Class: BEE-10B
Electrical Engineering Department 1
17.1 One-Port Networks 687
17.2 Admittance Parameters 692
17.4 Impedance Parameters 708
17.5 Hybrid Parameters 713
17.6 Transmission Parameters 716

2
17.1 ONE-PORT NETWORKS
• A pair of terminals at which a signal may enter or leave a network is called a port,
and a network having only one such pair of terminals is called a one-port network
• When more than one pair of terminals is present, the network is known as a
multiport network.
• Loop or nodal equations should be written to analyze these networks.

One-port network Two-port network

3
For a passive network the loop equation are:

Coefficient of each current will be an

impedance Zi j (s), and determinant of
the coefficients is:

4
Using Cramer’s rule, current I1 may
determined as:

11

Z
This result is also applicable to a two-
port network if one of the two ports is
terminated in a passive impedance,
including an open or a short circuit.
5
 Zin by Mesh Analysis
10I1  10I 2  V1 V1 10 0 0
10I1  17I 2  2I3  5I 4  0 0 17 2 5
1 
 2I 2  7I3  I4  0 0 2 7 1
 5I 2  I3  26 I 4  0 0 5 1 26
1 V111
I1  
Z Z
 10 10 0 0   I1   V1  10 10 0 0
 10 17 2 5  I   0  17 2 5
  2   10 17 2 5 11  2 7 1  2778 3
 0 2 7 1  I3   0  Z 
     0 2 7 1 5 1 26
 0 5 1 26  I4   0  0 5 1 26
V1  Z
Impedance matrix  9680 4 Zin    3.485 
I1 11

6
 V1 V1  V2 V1  V3
Zin by Nodal Analysis I1 0.2 0.05
   I1
10 5 20 1  0 1.7 1
V2  V1 V2 V2  V3 1
  0 V2
0 1.3
5 2 1
V3
V3  V1 V3  V2 V3 1 I111
  0 V1  
20 1 4 Y Y

0.3V1  0.2 V2  0.05V3  I1 1.7 1

11   1.21 S 2
 0.2V1  1.7V2  V3  0 0.3 0.2 0.05 1 1.3
 0.05V1  V2  1.3V3  0   0.2 1.7 1
Y
I1 Y
0.05 1 Y    0.2870 S
 0.3 0.2 0.05  V1   I1  1.3 in
V1 11
 0.2 1.7       
 1 V
   
2 0  0.3473 S 3
1 1
 0.05 1 1.3   V3   0  Zin    3.484 
Yin 0.287
Admittance matrix 7
EXAMPLE 17.2
Find the input impedance of the network shown in Fig. 17.5.

8
17.2 ADMITTANCE PARAMETERS
I1 and I2 are superposition of two components
due to V1 and V2

Each of the y parameters

may be described as I/V
y are proportionality constants with ratio with either V1= 0 or
dimension A/V, thus called y or V2= 0
admittance parameters
y11: short-circuit input admittance
y22: short-circuit output admittance
y12, y21: short-circuit transfer admittances
9
EXAMPLE 17.4
Find the four short-circuit admittance parameters for the resistive
two-port shown in Fig. 17.9.
Let V1= 1V
Then y11 = I1
With o/p terminals short-circuited
1 1
I1    0.3 A
5 10
Thus y11  0.3 S Describing eqns for this two-port in terms
To find y12, short-circuit the i/p terminals of the admittance parameters are:
and apply 1 V at the o/p terminals Similarly
1 1
I1    0.1 A y21    0.1 A
10 10
Thus y12  0.1 S y22 
1 1
  0.15 A
20 10
10
Alternately y-parameters may be determined
by writing the nodal equations

11
Two-port network terminated
with specific one-port networks

Substitute I1 and I2 in the Network describing eqns

describing eqns

• Once the y parameters are determined for a

Solving for V1 and V2 complicated two-port, the performance for
different terminal conditions is easily
determined
Thus • We only need to relate V1 to I1 at the input
and V2 to I2 at the output
12
11

Z I1 11
y11  
V1  Z
I2  22
y22  
V2  Z
13
 10 I1 V 0  V2
1

I1  21
y12  
V2  Z I1 11
y11  
V1  Z
I 2 12
Similarly y21  
I2  22
V1  Z y22  
V2  Z
14
y12  y21 if 21  12

 21  12  Zij  Z ji
15
  21  12  y12  y21  Zij  Z ji

• True : if the two-port network

comprises only linear passive
components—the resistor,
capacitor, inductor, and mutual
inductance
• Not true: if the network comprises
dependent sources/non-linear
components

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• Any device for which Zij = Zji is called a bilateral element,
and a circuit which contains only bilateral elements is called
a bilateral circuit.
• An important property of a bilateral two-port is {y12 = y21}

Reciprocity theorem

17
 I1 1 1
y11     0.1192 S
V1 V 0 20 10  (5)(40)
5  40
2

I 1 1 40
y21  2    0.1115 S
V1 V 0 20 10  (5)(40) 5  40
5  40
2

I 1 1
y22  2    0.1269 S
V2 V 0 20 10  (10)(40)
10  40
1

I1 1 1 40
y12     0.1115 S
V2 V1  0
20 5  (10)(40) 10  40
10  40
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 V1 V1  V2 I1  0.6V1  0V2
I1  0.2V2   0.5I1 
10 5 I 2  0.2V1  0.2V2
V2  V1
I2   0.6 0
5 y  (all S )
 0.2 0.2 
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Parallel connection of two-port networks

If both inputs and outputs have the same

I  yV reference node, then the admittance
matrix y = yA + yB

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17.4 IMPEDANCE PARAMETERS

Since zero current results from an open-circuit termination,

the z parameters are known as the
open-circuit impedance parameters
21
The open-circuit impedance parameters (z-parameters) are
easily related to the short-circuit admittance parameters (y-
parameters) by solving the following equations for I1 and I2:

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Transformations Between y and z Parameters

23
Series connection of two-port networks

24
 The Thévenin equivalent
Vs   Z11  Z g  I1  Z12 I 2
Vs Z12
I1   I2
Z11  Z g Z11  Z g

If Z g  0

25
17.5 HYBRID PARAMETERS
The hybrid parameters are defined by writing the pair of equations relating
V1, I1, V2, and I2 as if V1 and I2 were the independent variables:

The parameters are called “hybrid’’

because they represent an
impedance, a current gain, a
voltage gain, and an admittance
These parameters are very common in modeling transistors
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Find the hybrid parameters for the network
I1 I2

 
V1  h11I1  h12V2
V1 V2
I 2  h21I1  h22V2
 
I2

  
I2 I1  0
V1
I1 V2  0 V1 V2
  

V1  (12  (6 || 3)) I1  h11  14 V1 

6
V2  h12 
2
3 6 3
6 2
I2   I1  h21   V2 1
3 6 3 I2   h22  [ S ]
9 9
27
 A popular transistor equivalent circuit

h11  short - circuit input impedance hie , hre , h fe , hoe

h12  open - circuit reverse voltage gain
h21  short - circuit forward current gain
h22  open - circuit output admittance

hi , hr , h f , ho
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17.6 TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS

The minus signs that appear in the describing

equations should be associated with the output
current, as (−I2).
Thus, both I1 and −I2 are directed to the right,
the direction of energy or signal transmission.

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Determining a t-parameter

30
To determine all the four t-parameters,
write loop equations
1
 2
Solving Eqn [2] for I1

t21  0.1 S ; t22  1.4

t11  1.2; t12  6.8 
Substituting I1 in Eqn [2]

t21  0.1 S ; t22  1.4

t11  1.2; t12  6.8 

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Two-ports in Cascade

For network A
Combining the two results

For network B

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