PART B: THE FORCE ON SLUICE GATE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A sluice is a water channel that is control at its head by a gate. A sluice is traditionally a wooden or
metal plate which slides in grooves in the slides of channel. Sluice gates are commonly used to
control water levels and flow rates in rivers and canals.

A mill race, flume, penstock, or lade is a sluice channelling water toward a water mill. The terms
sluice, sluice gate, knife gate and slide gates are used interchangeable in the water waste water
control industry.

A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of
water way. Sluice gate commonly control water levels and flow rates in rivers and canals. They are
also used in wastewater treatment plants and to recover minerals in mining operation, and in
watermills.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

To determine the relationship between upstream head and thrust on a sluice gate (undershot
weir) for water flowing under the sluice gate.

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they
have learned to:

a. Understand the basic terms and concept of a sluice gate.

b. Understand on the characteristics of the force on a sluice gate.

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4.0 METHODOLOGY

Start

week 1 : Open ended laboratory briefing and

introduction to laboratory equipment's (by
lecturer)

Week 2 : start lab test on force on sluice gate.

Week 7 : Submission report..

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5.0 THEORY

Gates are used to regulate the level and flow in open channels and reservoirs. The sluice gate
is one of the most commonly used. In order to design a sluice gate, it is necessary to determine
the head-discharge relationship, and the pressure distribution over the gate (Figure 2).

It can be shown that the resultant force on the gate is given by the equation,

2 y 
Fg  1 gy1  0 2  1  g 1  y1  . The gate thrust for a hydrostatic pressure
2
 y0 
2  y1  by1 

distribution is given by the equation, FH  1 g y0  y g  where, Fg is resultant gate

2
2
thrust (N), FH is resultant hydrostatic thrust (N), Q is volume flowrate (m/s),  is density
of fluid (kg/m3), g gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2), b is breadth of gate (m), y g is

height of upstream opening (m), y0 is upstream depth of flow (m) and y1 is downstream
depth of flow (m).

6.0 EQUIPMENT

1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume

2. Adjustable Undershot Weir
3. Instrument Carrier
4. Hook and Point Gauge

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7.0 PROCEDURES
1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir at the bottom of
its travel. Measure and record the actual breadth b (m) of the undershot weir. Install
the undershot weir towards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely
clamped in position.

2. Adjust the undershot weir to set its bottom edge 20 mm above the bed of the channel.

3. Introduce water into the flume until y0 = 200 mm. With y0 at this position, take
readings for Q and y1 . Raise the undershot weir in increments of 10 mm, maintaining
constant y0 by varying Q . At each level of the weir, record the values of y g , y1 and
Q.

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4. Repeat the procedure with a constant flow Q , allowing yo to vary. Record the
values of yo and y1 .

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8.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION

8.1 RESULT

Weir Upstream Downstream Flow Rate Gate Thrust Hydrosatic Fg yg

Opening Flow Depth Flow Depth Q (m3/s) Fg (N) Thrust
FH (N) FH yo
y g (m) yo (m) y1 (m) (X10^6)

0.02 0.2 0.17 0.0005 −0.1938 158.922N 0.00125 0.1

0.03 0.2 0.253 0.0111 −0.4977 141.754N 0.00351 0.15

0.04 0.2 0.2 0.0141 −0.4831 125.568N 0.00385 0.2

0.05 0.2 0.382 0.0180 −0.2916 110.363N 0.00264 0.25

0.06 0.2 0.457 0.0207 −0.1951 96.138N 0.00203 0.3

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8.2 CALCULATION
Find fg
Formula given:
1 2
𝑦₀2 𝑝𝑔 1 − 𝑦₁
𝑓𝑔 = 𝑝𝑔𝑦₁ ( − 1) − ( )
2 𝑦₁ 𝑏𝑦₁ 𝑦₀
1 0.22 9810 1−0.17
1) 𝑓𝑔 = 2 (9810)(0.17)2 (0.172 − 1) − 0.3(0.17) ( )
0.2

=−0.1938 × 106 𝑁
1 0.22 9810 1−0.253
2) 𝑓𝑔 = 2 (9810)(0.253)2 (0.2532 − 1) − 0.3(0.253) ( )
0.2

=−0.4977 × 106 𝑁
1 0.22 9810 1−0.32
3) 𝑓𝑔 = 2 (9810)(0.32)2 (0.322 − 1) − 0.3(0.32) ( )
0.2

−0.4831 × 106 𝑁
1 0.22 9810 1−0.382
4) 𝑓𝑔 = 2 (9810)(0.382)2 (0.3822 − 1) − 0.3(0.382) ( )
0.2

−0.2916 × 106 𝑁
1 0.22 9810 1−0.457
5) 𝑓𝑔 = 2 (9810)(0.457)2 (0.4572 − 1) − 0.3(0.457) ( )
0.2

−0.1951 × 106 𝑁
find fh
formula given:
𝟏
𝒇𝒉 = 𝟐 𝑝𝑔 (Y₀ - Yg)

1
1) 𝑓ℎ = 2 (9810)(0.2 − 0.02)2

= 158.922N
1
2) 𝑓ℎ = 2 (9810)(0.2 − 0.03)2

= 141.754N
1
3) 𝑓ℎ = 2 (9810)(0.2 − 0.04)2

= 125.568N
1
4) 𝑓ℎ = 2 (9810)(0.2 − 0.05)2

= 110.363N
1
5) 𝑓ℎ = 2 (9810)(0.2 − 0.06)2

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= 96.138N

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9.0 QUESTION

1) plot a graph of the ratio Fg FH against the ratio yg y o and discuss the results

The graph shows the result between Fg/Fh and Yg/Yo

The relationship between Fg/Fh and Yg/Yo is when Fg/Fh increase, Yg/Yo is also increasing.

3) compare your calculated values for Fg and Fh and comment on any differences.

Fg is in increasing and also in negative while Fh is also increasing.

2) What is the effect of flowrate on the results obtained?

The effect of flowrate on results obtained is, when the sluice gate open wider,the flow rate
will increase and also the value of Fg and Fh will increase.

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10.0 CONCLUSION.

In this study, the laboratory focus on the experiment by using the open channel flow model
with sluice gate where the functional to application as to see the properties of flow beneath a
slice gate and to determine the relationship between the gate thrust, Fg / hydraulics thrust Fh
and weir opening, Yg / upstream flow depth,Yc which can cause by water flowing under a
sluice gate.

From the experiment, we found out the criteria of a hydraulic through five which gate thrust,
Fg / hydraulics thrust, Fh and weir opening, Yg / upstream flow depth, Yc show the decreasing.
The relationship can be refer from the result table, it is increasing from 0.1 to 0.3. Other than
that, the data also effect the relationship between upstream head and thrust on a sluice gate.

After calculated data using the formula Fg  1 gy12  y0 2  1  g 1  y1  and
2

2  y1  by1  y0 

FH  1 g y0  y g  , we got the value of Fg in negative (-ve) and Fg in positive (+ve) which
2
2
is Fg is resultant gate thrust (N) anf Fg resultant hydrostatic thrust (N) We can conclude that
before the water is flow, the force happened after sluice gate are Fg in negative (-ve) because
the resultant force of the flow is opposite the direction. As a result,more flow rate will provide
less thrust for both of the gate and the hydrostatic. It is because of the decreasing pressure at
both of them.

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11.0 REFFERENCE

1) (sluice gate) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice.

2) (introduction sluice gate)
https://www.codecogs.com/library/engineering/fluid_mechanics/water_pressure/sluice-
gates.php.

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ATTACHMENT

Figure 1 and 2 shows an open channel

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 Figure 3 and 4 is the sluice gate

Figure 5 and 6 is levelling the water level

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Figure 7 and 8 shows the flow rate recorded

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