Femur – long thigh bone articulating with the iliac bone, tibia and patella; it is
the longest bone in the human body.
Patella – flat triangular slightly bulging and mobile bone articulating mainly with
the femur; this knee bone allows the lower limb to flex and extend.
Fibula – long bone forming the outer portion of the leg located between the
femur and the tarsals (foot bone).
Tibia – long bone forming the inner portion of the leg located between the
femur and the tarsals (foot bone).
Tarsals – all seven short articulated bones, laid out in two rows, making up the
heel and the ankle; it connects the tibia and the fibula to the metatarsals.
Metatarsals – all five long bones that make up the side of the foot, it connects
the anterior row of the tarsals to the proximal phalanges.
Phalanges (foot) – articulated bones forming the skeleton of the toes. Each toe
has three, while the big toe has only two.
What are vital signs?
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. The four main
vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care
providers include the following: Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration
Rate, and Blood Pressure.
What is body temperature?
The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent
activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of
the menstrual cycle. Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F
(or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2
degrees C) for a healthy adult. A person's body temperature can be taken in any
of the following ways: Orally, Rectally, Axillary, By ear, and By skin.
What is the pulse rate?
The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the
heart beats per minute. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but
also can indicate the following: Heart Rhythm and Strength of the Pulse. The
normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The
pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and
emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates
than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular
conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no
problems.
What is the respiration rate?
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves
counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many
times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and
with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to
also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.
Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16
breaths per minute.
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls
during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it
pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the
heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls. High blood
pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart
failure, and stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an
increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump
harder to circulate the blood. Blood pressure is categorized as normal,
elevated, or stage 1 or stage 2 high blood pressure: Normal blood pressure
is systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80),
Elevated blood pressure is systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80,
Stage 1 high blood pressure is systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80
to 89, and Stage 2 high blood pressure is when systolic is 140 or
higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher

PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Frontal – flat skull bone forming the forehead and top of the eye
sockets, and articulating especially with the parietal.
Parietal – flat cranial bone articulating with the frontal, occipital,
temporal and sphenoid bones; the two parietal bones form the largest
portion of the dome of the skull.
Maxilla – toothed bone forming the upper jaw, it helps to form the palate,
eye sockets and nasal fossae.
Mandible – movable toothed bone forming the lower jaw; it is the only
movable bone in the head and its articulation with the temporal bone allows
the jaw to move.
Clavicle – long inward-curving bone located between the acromion and the
sternum.
Scapula – large thin flat bone articulating with the clavicle and the humerus
to form the shoulder; numerous shoulder and back muscles are attached to
it..
Sternum – long flat bone to which the ribs, in particular, are attached.
Ribs – slender curved bones articulating with the dorsal vertebrae and the
sternum; the 12 pairs of the ribs make up the lateral walls of the thorax.
Humerus – long arm bone articulating with the scapula to form the shoulder ;
and with the radius and the ulna to form the elbow.
Ulna – long bone forming the inner portion of the forearm located between
the huumerus and the carpus (hand bone).
Radius – long bone making up the outer section of the forearm, it is
connected especially to the carpal bones to form the wrist joint.
Spinal Column – movable bony axis made up of various parts articulating with
each other (vertebrae); it supports the skeleton and contains the spinal cord.
Ilium – the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis.
Carpals – bones connecting the hand to forearm. The main role of the carpus
is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the
extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal
bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist.
Metacarpals – five long cylindrical bones in the body of the hand. The bones
run from the carpal bones of the wrist to the base of each digit of the hand.
Phalanges – phalanx bones (plural: phalanges) are bones that form the
skeleton of the fingers.
Femur – long thigh bone articulating with the iliac bone, tibia and patella; it is
the longest bone in the human body.
Patella – flat triangular slightly bulging and mobile bone articulating mainly
with the femur; this knee bone allows the lower limb to flex and extend.