Chapter No.

1
Introduction
In this research project i am analysis the impact of GDP on the employment .I am using the data of employment
and GDP of Pakistan of last 17 years .i am taken this data from the “www. data.worldbank.org”. In the Chapter
1 I perform the following analysis, frequency analysis, Bar Chart, Pie Chart, and Descriptive Summary. Chapter
2 Contain the analysis of Descriptive summary, Graphical analysis, Scatter Plot, Histogram, Stem and leaf, Box
and whisker plot. In the Chapter 3 I perform the following analysis Correlation, Regression, T Test, and
Independent Sample T Test and One Way Anova.

1.1 Frequency Analysis

1.1(a) Table of Gender
Gender of Respondent
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Female 123 45.6 45.6 45.6
Male 147 54.4 54.4 100.0
Total 270 100.0 100.0

In above chart gender of respondent is given in two categories (MALE & FEMALE) there are 270 respondents
are given in which the number of male respondents are 147 and rather than the number of female respondents is
123. The percentage of male respondents is 54.4 percent and female respondents are 45.6 percent.

1.1(b) Table of Age

Age of Respondent
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 18-22 55 20.4 20.4 20.4
23-27 101 37.4 37.4 57.8
28-32 68 25.2 25.2 83.0
33-37 46 17.0 17.0 100.0
Total 270 100.0 100.0
From the above table, we see that there is 270respondent in which 55 out of 270 (20.4%) have age between18-22
and 101out of 270 (37.4%) have age between 23-27 and 68 out of 270 (25.2) have age between 28-32 and 46 out
of 100 (17%) have age between32-3

1.1(c) Table of Education

Education of Respondent
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Matric 91 33.7 33.7 33.7
intermediate 82 30.4 30.4 64.1
bachelor 65 24.1 24.1 88.1

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 Master 32 11.9 11.9 100.0
Total 270 100.0 100.0

The education of respondent is Matric, Intermediate, Bachelors and Master. Frequency of Matric is 91 and
percentage is 33.7. Intermediates are 82 and percentage is 30.4, Bachelors 65 with percent of 24.1. Masters is 32
and percentage is 11.9

1.1(d) Table of Experience

Experience of Respondent
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 year 46 17.0 17.0 17.0
2 year 60 22.2 22.2 39.3
3 year 31 11.5 11.5 50.7
4 year 43 15.9 15.9 66.7
5 year 90 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 270 100.0 100.0

In the above Table, There are 46 out of 270(17.0) respondent who have a experience of 1 year and 60 out of 270
(22.2) have a experience of 2 year and 43 out of 270(15.9) have a experience of 3 year and 90 out of 270 have a
experience of 4 year and 90 out of 270 have a experience of 5 year

1.2 Bar Chart

The Bar chart is based on Gender of Respondent .Total Number of Respondent is 320 in which 123 Respondent
are female and 147 are emale. It is the visualization of respondent which show that Percentage of female are
higher than male.

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Bar Chart of Age

The Bar chart is based on Age of Respondent .Total Number of Respondent is 270 in which 101 out of 270
respondent age between 23-27 with higher percentage and 32 out of 270 respondent age between 33-37 with
lower percentage.

Bar Chart of Education

The Bar chart is based on Education of Respondent .Total Number of Respondent is 270 in which 91 out of 270
respondent are matric with higher percentage and 57 out of 270 respondent are master with lower percentage.

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Bar Chart of Education

The Bar chart is based on Experience of Respondent .Total Number of Respondent is 100 in which 35 out of
100 respondent have 4 year experience with higher percentage and 15 out of 100 respondent have one year
experience with lower percentage.

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1.3 Pie Chart

Pie Chart of Gender

The Pie Chart is based on the Gender of Respondent. The Blue color represents the percentage of female
respondent and green represents the percentage of male respondent. It is the visualization of respondent which
show that Percentage of female are higher than male.

Pie Chart of Age

The following pie chart shows the proportions of Age of respondent .Green showing respondent Age between
23-27 have largest proportions .The Proportions Purple and off-white are about the same .

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Pie Chart of Education

The following pie chart shows the proportions of Education of Respondent. The Blue represents the Matric
respondent have largest proportions. Green and off white respondent are about the same. Purple shows the
respondent of master have smallest proportions.

Pie Chart of Experience

The following pie chart shows the proportions of Experience of Respondent. Yellow showing respondent with
experience of 5year have the largest proportions. The Proportions Purple and blue are about the same. Off white
shows the respondent with experience of 3 year have smallest proportions.

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1.4 Descriptive Summary

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Variance Skewness Kurtosis
Deviation
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Std.
Error Error Error
Gender of 270 1.00 2.00 1.5444 .03036 .49895 .249 -.179 .148 -1.983 .295
Respondent
Education of 270 1.00 4.00 2.1407 .06194 1.01778 1.036 .396 .148 -1.008 .295
Respondent
Experience of 270 1.00 5.00 3.2630 .09301 1.52833 2.336 -.174 .148 -1.507 .295
Respondent
Age of 270 1.00 4.00 2.3889 .06054 .99472 .989 .208 .148 -.990 .295
Respondent
Valid N 270

The descriptive statistics represent the quality of data. In the above table, the total number of respondents is 270.
The variable of Gender the mean value is 1.5444, standard deviation value is. 49895, minimum statistic is 1.00,
and maximum statistic is 2.00.The second variable of Age the mean value is 2.1407, standard deviation value is
1.01778, minimum statistic is 1.00, and maximum statistic is 4.00. The third variable of Education the mean value
is 3.2630, standard deviation value is 1.52833, minimum statistic is 1.00, and maximum is 5.00. The fourth
variable of Experience the mean value is 2.389, standard deviation value is .99472, minimum statistic value is
1.00, and maximum statistic is 4.00

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 Analysis of Secondary Data
2.1 Data Description
It is the data of GDP of Pakistan and employment in industry of last 17 years .I
am taken this data from the “www. data.worldbank.org”. This data showing the impact of GDP on Employment
in Industry..

1) Dependent Variable

An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated to determine the value

of a dependent variable

2) Independent Variable

The dependent variable is what is being measured in an experiment or evaluated

in a mathematical equation and the independent variables are the inputs to that measurement.

2.2 Descriptive Summary

In Descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate
the largest amount of information as simply as possible. Statisticians commonly try to describe the observations
in. a measure of location, or central tendency, such as the arithmetic mean.

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

GDP of Pakistan 17 1.61 7.67 4.2370 1.80678

Employment in Industry 17 19.30 22.90 21.6647 .95259

Valid N (listwise) 17

The descriptive statistics represent the quality of data. The total number of statistics is 17. The dependent variable
of employment the mean value is 21.6647, standard deviation value is .95259, minimum statistic is 1.61, and
maximum statistic is 7.67.The independent variable Inflation the mean value 4.2370, standard deviation value is
1.80678 , minimum statistic is 19.30, and maximum statistic is 7.67..

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2.3 Histogram
A histogram is a display of statistical information that uses rectangles to show the frequency of data items in
successive numerical intervals of equal size. In the most common form of histogram, the independent variable is
plotted along the horizontal axis and the dependent variable is plotted along the vertical axis.

2.3(a) Histogram of GDP

In the Above Result data in the following graph are left-skewed. So it is negatively skewed.

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2.3(b) Histogram of employment

In the Above Result data in the following graph are left-skewed. So it is negatively skewed.

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2.4 Scatter pot

A scatter plot is a graph used to determine whether there is a relationship between paired data. In many real-life
situations, scatter plots follow patterns that are approximately linear. If y tends to increase as x increases, then
the paired data are said to be a positive correlation.

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2.5 Stem and leaf

A stem-and-leaf diagram, also called a stem-and-leaf plot, is a diagram that quickly summarizes data while
maintaining the individual data points. In such a diagram, the "stem" is a column of the unique elements of data
after removing the last digit. The final digits ("leaves") of each column are then placed in a row next to the
appropriate column and sorted in numerical order. This diagram was invented by John Tukey.

GDP of Pakistan Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Frequency Stem & Leaf

3.00 1 . 679
2.00 2 . 78
2.00 3 . 25
6.00 4 . 236788
1.00 5 . 4
1.00 6 . 1
2.00 7 . 36

Stem width: 1.00

Each leaf: 1 case(s)

In the above diagram, Most of the data are on the low end of the scale, so the distribution is left skewed. So it is
negatively skewed

Employment in Industry Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Frequency Stem & Leaf

2.00 Extremes (=<19.4)

2.00 21 . 23
3.00 21 . 668
9.00 22 . 000011222
1.00 Extremes (>=22.9)

Stem width: 1.00

Each leaf: 1 case(s)

In the above diagram, Most of the data are on the low end of the scale, so the distribution is left skewed. So it is
negatively skewed

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2.6 Box and Whisker Plot
A simple way of representing statistical data on a plot in which a rectangle is drawn to represent the second and
third quartiles, usually with a vertical line inside to indicate the median value. The lower and upper quartiles are
shown as horizontal lines either side of the rectangle.

2.6(a) Box and Whisker Plot of GDP

In the above diagram, Most of the data are on the low end of the scale, so the distribution is left skewed. So it is
negatively skewed

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2.6(b) Box and Whisker Plot of unemployment

In the above diagram, Most of the data are on the low end of the scale, so the distribution is left skewed. So it is
negatively skewed

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2.7 Data Analysis
Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical
techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. An essential component of ensuring
data integrity is the accurate and appropriate analysis of research findings.

2.8 Correlation

Correlation is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables
fluctuate together. A positive correlation indicates the extent to which those variables increase or decrease in
parallel; a negative correlation indicates the extent to which one variable increases as the other decreases.

Correlations
GDP of Pakistan Employment in Industry
GDP of Pakistan Pearson Correlation 1 .265
Sig. (2-tailed) .304
N 17 17
Employment in Industry Pearson Correlation .265 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .304
N 17 17

To investigate if there was a statistically significant association between Scholastic aptitude test and math
achievement, a correlation was computed. There none is linear relationship between both variable. Thus, the
Pearson’s r is calculated, r= .265, p = .304 relating that there is low significant relationship between the variables.

2.9 Regression

Regression is a statistical measure used in finance, investing and other disciplines that
attempts to determine the strength of the relationship between one dependent variable (usually denoted by Y)
and a series of other changing variables (known as independent variables).

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 Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .265a .070 .008 .94868
a. Predictors: (Constant), GDP of Pakistan

The model summary represent the different models. The R Square value is .070, adjusted R Square value is
..008, and Std. Error of the Estimate value is 0.93994.

ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 1.019 1 1.019 1.132 .304a
Residual 13.500 15 .900
Total 14.519 16
a. Predictors: (Constant), GDP of Pakistan
b. Dependent Variable: Employment in Industry

Correlation exist between the variable if P- value is <0.05 .in this table the P-Value is 0.304 which is more than
0.05 which show that there is non-significant relationship between inflation and unemployment

Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 21.073 .602 35.011 .000
GDP of Pakistan .140 .131 .265 1.064 .304
a. Dependent Variable: Employment in Industry

. The significant value constant is .000. The significant value GDP is .304 which show the positive impact
between dependent variable unemployment and independent variable GDP.

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3.0 One Sample T-Test
The one-sample t-test is used only for tests of the sample mean. Thus,
our hypothesis tests whether the average of our sample (M) suggests that our students come from a population
with a known mean (m) or whether it comes from a different population.

One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
GDP of Pakistan 17 4.2370 1.80678 .43821
Employment in Industry 17 21.6647 .95259 .23104

In the Group Statistics box, the mean for condition employment is 21.6667. The mean for condition GDP is
4.2370. The standard deviation for condition employment is .95259. The number of Observation is 17.

3.0 One Way ANOVA

The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there are any statistically significant
differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups.

ANOVA
factor
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 1871.925 1 1871.925 77.144 .000
Within Groups 776.492 32 24.265
Total 2648.418 33

We can see that the significance value is 0.000 (i.e., p = .021), which is less than 0.05. And, therefore, there is a
statistically significant difference in the mean length of time to complete the spreadsheet problem between the
different courses taken

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