1

Task 3: Essay

Task 3: Essay
EDU C1113 Introduction to ICT
for Teachers

Cara Berryman
Student Number: 30056535
Table of Contents
American American Psychological Association Style Sample . 2

Discussion ......................................................................................................... 2

Examples ........................................................................................................... 2

Format ................................................................................................................ 3

Summary ........................................................................................................... 4

References ........................................................................................................ 5

EDUC1113
Cara Berryman 32006535
 2
Task 3: Essay
American American Psychological Association Style Sample

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is

primarily used in the social science disciplines. It is formatted like

Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows many similarities,

but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the APA in

detail.

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences,

but rather than indicating the author's name and page number, APA

includes author's name and date of publication. The page number,

represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using

a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name is

mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in

parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned

include the author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the

source material. And, if you use a direct quote, place the page number

after the publication date within the parentheses.

Examples

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (Terrance, 2007) has presented poignant examples from 150

interviews. However, it has been pointed out that the research was

conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong & Porter, 1998)

EDUC1113
Cara Berryman 32006535
 3
Task 3: Essay
All of the interviewees have been called “exceptions to the norm”

(Strong & Porter, 1998). Note the first example paraphrases an author

that is named in the sentence, the second example paraphrases authors

that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a

direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not

identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified

within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be

followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would

be in the parentheses at the end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from

MLA, what APA calls the Reference page. You will notice a few

immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format. With APA

you include the initial of the author's first name rather than the

complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's

name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with

quotation marks. The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name

(or title in the absence of an author) and the first line is flush left while

subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in (approximately 5

spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with referencing is

Notre Dame’s referencing guide at

http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is

also a summary downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style,

EDUC1113
Cara Berryman 32006535
 4
Task 3: Essay
you include a reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper

(APA, 2017). A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text

of a paper whereas a bibliography may include resources that were

consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description

of each one.

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia,

uses the APA 6th referencing style for all written documents. In

addition to in text referencing and the reference list there are a number

of formatting requirements to ensure your essay complies with APA

standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

EDUC1113
Cara Berryman 32006535
 5
Task 3: Essay
References

APA.Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved

from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-

references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in

education. PLoS Medicine, 10(12), e1001574.

Hosny, M., & Fatima, S. (2014). Attitude of students towards

cheating and plagiarism: University case study. Journal of Applied

Sciences, 14(8), 748-757. doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L., & Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations.

In S. Parker, & K. Gibson (Eds.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-

578). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Terrance, H. S. (2007, ). Student success in

community  The West Australian, pp. 6-7.

EDUC1113
Cara Berryman 32006535