Lesson 1.

1 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Working with the Organ

Systems
Circulatory System
Parts and Functions
LEARNING TARGETS:

The learner should be able to:

 Describe the parts and functions of the Circulatory System

 Analyze the circulation of blood through the heart in the body

NAVIGATING:

Circulatory System is a network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It is also known as
“body transport system”. This network supplies tissues in the body with oxygen and other nutrients, transport
hormones, and removes unnecessary waste products. The heart has different parts that help and control the flow of
the blood and its distribution to different parts of the body. The blood vessels are the arteries, capillaries, and the
vein which give way to the passage of the blood. They are branched out all over the body. The blood constitutes
plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells.

Figure 1.1 Circulatory System

Figure 1.2. Human Heart Figure 1.3. Comparison of artery, vein and
capillary

Figure 1.4. Flow of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

 CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE:
Read and analyze the questions below. Write only the letter of the correct answer before each number.

______1. What is the function of the circulatory system?

a. The body’s breathing system c. the body’s food processing system
b. The body’s system of nerves d. the body’s blood transporting system
______2. Which of the following carry the blood away from the heart?
a. arteries c. capillaries
b. veins d. blood vessels
______3. What is the function of the blood vessels and capillaries?
a. They pump blood to the heart c. they carry blood to all parts of the body
b. They filter impurities from the blood d. they carry messages from the brain to the muscles
______4. What would happen to people who have an open wound and whose blood did not clot naturally?
a. They would have to take special clotting drugs c. Nothing. Clotting is not important
b. The body’s system of nerves d. They would bleed to death
______5. From what source do cells get their food?
a. Blood c. oxygen
b. Other cell d. carbon dioxide
_______________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESS YOUR SELF:

A. Arrange the following event in correct order to show the right pathway of blood flow through the heart.
Write numbers 1-6 to organize the thoughts.
______ As the right atrium filled with the blood, it contracts and the tricuspid valve opens; blood pumps
to the right ventricle of the heart.
______ The mitral valve will open and the blood will pump into the left ventricle of the heart.
______ As the left ventricle is full, the blood will now enter the opening of aortic valve to reach the
aorta and pass the blood throughout the body
______ The oxygen-rich blood from the lungs will return to the right atrium of the heart.
______The oxygen-poor blood of the body return to the right atrium of the heart where the blood from
your upper body flows through the superior vena cava and blood from the lower part of the body flows
through the inferior vena cava.
______When the right ventricle contracts, the pulmonary valve opens and blood is pump to the
pulmonary artery and to the lungs.

B. Real-life application.
Explain the following situations briefly using three sentences. (5 points each)
1. Why does the heart beat faster when you exercise?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you found out that you have an abnormal heart beat, what is the best thing you must do?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 1.1 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Working with the Organ
Systems
Components of Human Blood

LEARNING TARGETS:

The learner should be able to:

 Determine the components of the human blood

 Explain the functions of each component of human blood
 Make an artificial blood using alternative materials

NAVIGATING:

Blood is like a fuel. Without a fuel, the machine will not run. The same thing will happen to the living
organism, he/she or it will perish without the blood supply: hence, it is a life-sustaining liquid. According to the
studies, the blood consists of 55% of a straw-colored liquid or plasma, 44% red blood cells, 1% white blood cells
and platelets.

Blood is composed of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones needed by the human body. In normal condition,
its true basic constituents are the 90% to 92% water, 7% to 8% protein, 1% salt, 0.6% lipids and 0.1% glucose.
The main components of blood are erythrocytes (red blood cell), leukocytes (white blood cells), thrombocytes
(platelets) and yellowish liquid plasma. In addition, blood has an alkaline pH of 7.4.

Figure 1.5. Human blood

 Figure 1.5. White blood cell

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE:

Knowing the components of the human blood, try to create your own-made blood with the use of
alternative materials. Use the given ratios from your lesson to get the right amount of the blood components.

Materials:

Oil food coloring (preferably red) water detergent/dishwashing liquid.

Procedure:

Mix all the materials given above. For some time, it should display which part of your “own-made blood”
the plasma, white blood cells/ platelets and red blood cells.

QUESTIONS:

1. What did you do to make the components of your blood become visible?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think separation of components especially plasma from the blood is necessary in the field
of medicine? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Assuming that you are one of the nurses who volunteered in the RED CROSS BLOOD LETTING
PROJECT, what are the precautions you must follow to secure the blood collected from the blood
donors?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Some people make the blood donation as tradition. What could be the benefits they can get from it?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESS YOUR SELF:

Describe the following terminologies briefly in a sentence.

1. Red Blood Cell

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. White Blood Cell
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Plasma
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Platelets
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Blood
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Lymphatic-circulatory system relationship
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 1.1 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Working with the Organ
Systems
Respiratory System
Parts and Functions

LEARNING TARGETS:

The learner should be able to:

 Describe the parts and functions of the Respiratory System

 Discuss the respiration of air in the body

NAVIGATING:

Respiratory system provides the passageway of air in our body and it sustains life to each living organism,
therefore we must take care of it to maintain its optimum health. It is the biological system of an organism that
introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. Respiration is the term for the exchange of
oxygen from the environment for the carbon dioxide from the body’s cells. The process of taking air into the lungs
is called inhalation or inspiration, and the process of breathing it out is called exhalation or expiration. Respiration
involves two phases- the external respiration where oxygen goes to the lungs and then joins the blood through the
lung capillaries while the internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body tissues.

Respiratory system is consisting of the following parts: mouth, nose and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm.

Figure 1.6. Respiratory system

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE:

Make a model of lungs using the given procedures. Using the model of lungs, demonstrate the
process of respiration that takes place.

Materials:

Clear plastic cylindrical plastic bottle plastic Y-tube modelling clay

small ice bag balloon two rubber bands tape scissors string

Procedures:

1. Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle.

2. The two ice bags will be cut to about 2.5cm in length.
3. Each end of the Y-tube will be tied with the one ice bag with the use of rubber bands.
4. Insert carefully the Y-tube through the small opening at the center of the plastic bottle.
5. Hold Y-tube in place by using modelling clay to prevent air from entering or leaving the tube.
6. Cut the balloon into two. Blow air into the tip part of the balloon. Stretch the balloon sheet
under the open bottom of the bottle.
7. Use big rubber bands to hold the balloon sheet in place.
8. Tie a string at the middle of the stretched balloon sheet. Pull the balloon and observe how the
plastic bags or ice bags that are attached to Y-tube change in shape.

QUESTIONS:

1. From the model of lungs you made, which represents the lungs? Diaphragm? Trachea and
other parts of respiratory system? Discuss it in front of the class.

2. What will happen when you inhale? Exhale? Explain.

ASSESS YOUR SELF:

A. Write the letter of the best answer on the blank before each number.

_____1. What happens when you breathe in?

a. Your diaphragm expands and your ribcage contracts
b. Nothing happens
c. Your diaphragm explodes and your ribcage contracts
d. Your diaphragm contracts and your rib cage expands
_____2. Which of these doesn’t occur when air flows into the lungs?
a. The air is humidified c. the air is filtered
b. The air is cooled d. the air disappeared
_____3. All of the following are transported in the entire body except for ____.
a. Gas c. blood
b. Nutrients d. glands
 ______4. Trachea has inner membrane that is covered with tiny hair called cilia which _________.

a. Prevents the food from entering the trachea

b. Helps to protect the trachea by producing strong cough reflex if any solid object passes the
epiglottis
c. Catch particles of dust which are being removed through couging
d. Contracts when we breathe in and flattens out and pulls downward

______5. These are small air sacs provide a surface area of about 1000 sq. ft. for each adult human lung
where gas exchange takes place

a. Alveoli c. bronchioles
b. Capillaries d. pharynx

B.Respiration is a process of breathing or the term for the exchange of oxygen from the environment for the
carbon dioxide from the body’s cells. Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide being inhaled and exhaled from
the body using the organs in the respiratory system. Explain the process in 10 sentences as maximum.