INTRODUCTIÓN

In this activity we will consider two main applications of electromagnetic waves and answer the
questions given:
- Wireless data transmission.
- Medical application
We will go deeper into concepts about electromagnetic waves, such as lengths, velocities, properties
of reflection and refraction.
We will learn about electrical permittivity and its relationship between the absolute and relative
We will validate if a material can be altered the frequency due to its conductivity
We will know the purpose and benefits of the electromagnetic spectrum of each range for the use of
people
We will check if the human tissue can change its conductivity due to a disease
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ACADEMIC REFERENCES, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.

1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:

- WHAT IS AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE?

The term electromagnetic wave is used to describe the way in which electromagnetic radiation
travels through space. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by having two fields, one
electric and one magnetic, and it moves in the form of a wave with the two perpendicular and
oscillating fields, the oscillation responsible for the radiation describing a wave as it
propagates.

- WHAT IS THE SPEED OF PROPAGATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE?

They propagate in a vacuum at a constant speed, very high (300 0000 km / s) but not infinite.
Thanks to this we can observe the light emitted by a distant star so long ago that perhaps that
star has already disappeared. Or find out about an event that occurs thousands of kilometers
almost at the moment of occurrence. Electromagnetic waves are propagated by an oscillation
of electric and magnetic fields. The electromagnetic fields to "excite" the electrons of our retina,
communicate with the outside and allow our brain to "build" the scenario of the world in which
we are. The O.E.M. they are also support for telecommunications and the complex functioning
of the current world.

- WHAT IS THE WAVELENGTH OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE?

The Greek letter "l" (lambda) is used to represent the wavelength in equations. The length of
the wave is inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave. A long wavelength corresponds
to a low frequency, while a short wavelength.

The wavelength of sound sounds, in the range that humans can hear, ranges from less than 2
cm (one inch) to approximately 17 meters (56 feet). The waves of electromagnetic radiation
that make up visible light have wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers (purple light)
and 700 (red light) nanometers (10-9 meters).

- Do electromagnetic waves have reflection and refraction properties?

- Consult about electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability.
- DO ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES HAVE REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
PROPERTIES?

REFLECTION

If a wave hits a body that hinders its propagation, it is reflected, this means that it returns to
the medium in which it propagates.
A certain amount of energy that transports the wave is absorbed by the body on which it falls,
and another part of energy returns as a wave of equal frequency and speed.

For example, when light reaches a mirror, it is reflected, it changes its direction by striking the
surface of the mirror, transferring a large part of the energy it transports to the medium itself.
Similarly, sound can be reflected when it hits an obstacle that prevents its propagation. A
characteristic example of this property of sound is the echo.

REFRACTION

Refraction occurs when a wave reaches a surface that separates two different propagation
media. A certain amount of energy is transferred to the same medium, but another part is
propagated in the other medium, the wave is said to be refracted.

The refracted wave maintains its frequency because it is a characteristic of the emission source
of the wave, but its velocity of propagation varies since the means are different. By varying its
propagation speed then its wavelength also varies. The angle of deflection or refraction formed
by the incident wave and a line perpendicular to the separation surface at the point of
incidence, depends on the characteristics of the propagation media. For example, a light wave
that arrives from the air suffers more deviation in the glass than in the water.

- CONSULT ABOUT ELECTRICAL PERMITTIVITY AND MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY.

PERMITTIVITY
Permitivity (also called dielectric constant) is a physical constant that describes how an electric
field affects and is affected by a medium.
The permittivity is determined by the tendency of a material to polarize before the application
of an electric field and thus partially annuls the internal field of the material. It is directly related
to electrical susceptibility. For example, in a capacitor a high permittivity causes the same
 amount of electrical charge to be stored with a smaller electric field and, therefore, at a lower
potential, leading to a greater capacity of it.

MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY
In physics is called magnetic permeability to the ability of a substance or medium to attract and
pass through it magnetic fields, which is given by the relationship between the existing
magnetic induction and the magnetic field strength that appears in the interior of said material.
The magnitude thus defined, the degree of magnetization (non-permanent magnetization) of a
material in response to a magnetic field, is called absolute permeability and is usually
represented by the symbol μ:

2. AFTER HAVING CONSULTED ABOUT ELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY, WHAT IS THE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE ELECTRICAL PERMITTIVITY?
HOW ARE THESE SYMBOLIZED?
The permittivity of a material is normally given in relation to the vacuum, called relative
permittivity, (also called dielectric constant in some cases). Absolute permittivity is calculated
by multiplying the relative permittivity by that of the vacuum: Absolute and relative

permissiveness. where Xc is the electrical susceptibility of the

material. The following table shows the absolute allowivities of some dielectrics

3. CAN THE CONDUCTIVITY OF A MATERIAL MEDIUM BE ALTERED BY THE

FREQUENCY OF THE SIGNAL APPLIED TO IT?

The use of pure metals is limited, as they are soft or have been improved. However, there is
not a considerable amount of elements in the solid or solid state. So, most of the metallic
materials) are not only mixtures of two or more elemental metals. It is possible to make these
mixtures in different ways, but it can almost always be done by joining metals above their
melting point. solid mixture of metals or metalloids is called alloy
4. CAN THE HUMAN TISSUE CHANGE ITS CONDUCTIVITY BECAUSE A DISEASE?
EXPLAIN.

Tissue engineering is a field of research that aims to develop substitutes for organs and tissues
damaged by disease or accidents, avoiding transplants that require a human donor.
Currently, this field is focused on developing tissue from the patient's own cells, thus minimizing
the risk of rejection. First, the cells are grown outside the body, in an appropriate support that
simulates the external environment of the cell and later, when their growth is adequate, they
are transplanted to the body.

5. Using the "electromagnetic spectrum", select the uses and benefits of each frequency
range for people.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the energy distribution of the set of electromagnetic waves.
It refers to an object that is called electromagnetic spectrum or simply spectrum to
electromagnetic radiation that emits (emission spectrum) or absorbs (absorption spectrum) a
substance. Said radiation serves to identify the substance analogously to a fingerprint. The
spectra can be observed through spectroscopes that, in addition to allowing the spectrum to
be seen, measurements can be made on it, such as the wavelength, frequency and intensity
of the radiation.

The electromagnetic spectrum extends from the radiation of shorter wavelengths, such as
gamma rays and X-rays, passing through ultraviolet radiation, visible light and infrared
radiation, to electromagnetic waves of longer wavelength, such as radio waves. Although the
limit for the smallest possible wavelength would not be the Planck length (because the
characteristic time of each interaction modality is about 1020 times greater than the Planck
moment and, in the present cosmological stage, none of them could oscillate with the
necessary frequency to reach that wavelength), it is believed that the maximum limit would be
the size of the Universe (see Physical Cosmology) although formally the electromagnetic
spectrum is infinite and continuous.
 CONCLUSIONS

 In this work reinforce and expand my knowledge about electromagnetic waves.

 I knew the meaning of electric permittivity and its absolute and relative properties

 It was possible to identify if a material can be altered the conductivity by the frequency of the
signal

 An important consultation was made on the human tissue verifying if it can change its
conductivity due to a disease

 I knew the frequency range for people according to the electromagnetic spectrum
 REFERENCES

1. https://curiosoando.com/que-es-una-onda-electromagnetica

2. http://teleformacion.edu.aytolacoruna.es/FISICA/document/fisicaInteractiva/Ondasbachillerat
o/ondasEM/ondasEleMag_indice.htm

3. https://www.windows2universe.org/physical_science/basic_tools/wavelength.html&lang=sp

4. http://www.ccpems.exactas.uba.ar/CDs/CDEnergia/II/contents/energia/ondas/cont/propiedad
es_ondas.htm

5. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeabilidad_magn%C3%A9tica

6. http://www.academia.edu/10882645/Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_los_materiales_electrot%C3%
A9cnicos

7. https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/08/22/nanotecnologia/1314000681.html

8. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectro_electromagn%C3%A9tico