Pile Foundation
https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/geotechnical-recommendations-pile-foundations/7355/
General geotechnical recommendations for all types of pile foundations are explained
briefly.
1. The base level of the piles is determined considering the end resistance of the stratum
and settlement behavior of the soil under the pile groups.
2. A slip of 5 to 10mm of the soil is enough to develop full skin resistance along the pile
whereas a displacement of the order of 10% of the diameter of pile tip is necessary to
mobilize full end bearing resistance.
3. If piles encounter shrinkable clays near the ground, due allowance may be made for
loss of frictional resistance and also for uplift due to swelling.
4. In stiff fissured clays, bored cast-in-situ piles or low displacement driven piles are
usually recommended. Dense silts cause high penetration resistance for driven piles but the
capacity of the pile remains low due to disturbance of the soil during driving.
6. Point resistance and skin friction of pile in sand increases as the length of the pile
increases. This increase in value is 10 times the pile diameter for loose soil and 20 times for
dense sand. Beyond this length, the values remain constant.
7. Point resistance of piles longer than 15 to 20 times the diameter, driven through weak
strata, into the thick firm sand deposit, increases with the depth of embedment in this stratum.
This increase is up to a maximum value corresponding to 8 to 12 times the diameter of the
pile.
8. Except for bored piles in sand, the capacity of a group of piles equals the sum of the
capacities of individual piles in the group. In case of bored piles in sand, the capacity is about
two thirds the sum of capacity. Check is necessary for failure of the pile group as a single
block.
With a view to limit the number of piles in each group, the recommendation should
indicate the high possible capacity of the pile considering the soil parameters, the bore
log and the appropriate type of pile.The capacity of the desired pile foundation is
calculated from the standard codes of the region.