Minerals: arrangement
and texture are
determined by the origin
of the rock
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: CONCERNED WITH THE ORIGIN,
GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AND FORCES WHICH PRODUCE THE
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE ROCKS.
The structures have a major influence on the engineering properties and behavior
0
80 W 70 0W
NICARAGUA 1.
7
PLACA cm
Managua CARIBE /a
MAR CARIBE
F. de Oca
F. d
COSTA RICA
MICROPLACA
e
Bu c
0
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aram
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F. Sin
ang
0.
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PANAMÁ 2. . de
a
2 F
st ina
cm
/a
/a
cm
PLACA
F. Pale
? VENEZUELA
DE COCOS
8.0
F.
P
F. Uram ita
an
Medellín
am
5-6.4 cm/a
Fratura de Panamá
..... 10 .....
á
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ACÍFICO / a
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e
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..... 6 ..... ld
sa pelo 1. 0
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..... 4 ..... ..... 16 ata
tú-
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..... 2 ..... F.
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PLACA DE ...
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a
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ua
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lT
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SUL-AMERICANA
..... 6 ..... ..
.. 14 ..
Eixo de expansão
de Galápagos ..... 8 ..... .. 16 .
..... 2 .....
0
0
Quito EQUADOR
Galapágos 5.0 cm/a PERU
and….
Viviendas – Desarrollo de
infraestructura
bedrock
Cimentaciones ( profunda: pilotaje)
Retaining
Wall
Túneles
Designed to support
permanent or temporary
lateral pressures of terrain
Earthquake Engineering
Presas ( Miel)
• Soil slopes
– 1 Geometry modification
– 2 Draining techniques
• 2.1 Shallow drainage
• 2.2 Deep drainage
– 3 Reinforcement measure
• 3.1 Insertion of reinforcement elements in the ground
– 3.1.1 Anchors
– 3.1.2 Networks of micropiles
– 3.1.3 Nailing
– 3.1.4 Geogrids
– 3.1.5 Cellular faces
– 4 Improvement in the mechanical characteristics of the soil volume affected by
landslide by means of chemical, thermal or mechanical treatment
– 5 Soil slope stabilization
• 2.5.1 With steel wire mesh
Anchors
Reinforced Earth
Geotextiles
Geometry Modification
Soil improvement
Soil improvement
Soil improvement
Soil improvement
Construction Materials
Hydropower
Exploration
Design
Construction
Operation
Earth Dams
reservatório
Nucleo de argila
Environmental Geology
Waste Disposal
Coastal Engineering (harbours)
Facility
Ship
Sheetpile
Sheetpiles
Sheetpiles
Geological Investigations
In Situ Testing and Drilling
In Situ Testing and Drilling
METODO SUECO (1911 – Peterson & Haltin)
2. Procedimento de Casagrande (argilas)
o Momento Motor = Wd
R Momento Resistente = CLR
F.S. = MR = CLR
L
R MM Wd
Trazado de variante 2
Cicatriz de
Zona de
deslizamiento
acumulación
deslizamiento antiguo
Deslizamento actual
Deslizamiento actual
Escala 1:10.000
Carretera Remedios - Zaragoza
Quebrada
Cicatriz de
deslizamiento
antiguo
Zona de
acumulación
Aeropuerto de Chep Lap Hok Hong Kong