CONFIDENTIAL UTHM Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER I SESSION 2016/2017 ERBUKA COURSE NAME > FLUID MECHANICS COURSE CODE : BFC10403 PROGRAMME CODE : BFF EXAMINATION DATE : DECEMBER 2016 / JANUARY 2017 DURATION : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTION : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN SECTION A, TWO (2) QUESTIONS IN SECTION B THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF EIGHT (8) PAGES CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL BFCI0403, SECTION A Qi Qa (a) (b) (©) (a) (b) (©) State FOUR (4) differences between liquids and gases. (8 marks) A3 kg plastic tank that has a volume of 0.2 m’ is filled with water. Determine the weight of the whole system. (Given: density of water is 1000 kg/m’). (7 marks) The absolute pressure of an automobile tyre is measured as 290 kPa before a trip and 310 kPa afier the trip. Assuming the volume of the tyre remains constant at 0.022 m°, determine the percentage increase in the absolute temperature of the air in the tyre. (10 marks) ‘Two chambers with the same fluid at their base are separated by a piston of weight 25 N, as shown in FIGURE Q2(a). Calculate the gauge pressures in chamber 4 and B. (13 marks) Explain the condition of hydrostatic forces acting on a submerged surface and the centre of pressure. (4 marks) FIGURE Q2(¢) shows a barge with 4.5 m wide and floats with a draft of 1.2 m. Itis piled so high with gravel. The centre of gravity is 1 m above the waterline, determine the stability of the barge. (8 marks) ERBUKA | 2 CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL BFC10403, SECTION B Q3 (@)_—_-A.12.5 em diameter of fire hose could supply a water with discharge of 2.27 m'/min. However, a nozzle contraction was fitted at the exit with diameter of Droze. For steady flow, determine diameter of nozzle contraction if velocity is 25 m/s. (7 marks) (b) Ina hydroelectric power plant, water enters the turbine nozzles at 700 kPa as shown in FIGURE Q3 (b). If the nozzle outlets are exposed to atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, determine the maximum velocity to which water can be accelerated by the nozzles. (12 marks) (©) Explain the Bernoulli equation in three different approaches using energies, pressures and heads, (6 marks) Q4 (@)_ Explain the volume flow rate in a circular pipe that can be determined by measuring the velocity at the centreline in the fully developed region. (3 marks) (b) Describe why the friction factor is independent to very large Reynolds numbers. (6 marks) (©) Two water reservoirs 4 and B are connected to each other through a 40 m long, 2 em diameter cast iron pipe with a sharp edged entrance. The pipe also involves a swing check valve and a fully open gate valve. The water level in both reservoirs are same, but reservoir 4 is pressurized by compressed air while reservoir B is open to the atmosphere at 88 kPa, If the initial flow rate through the pipe is 1.2 L/s, determine the absolute air pressure on top of reservoir A. Given: 999.7 kg/m? 41=1.307x10" kg/ms, K.=0.5 fora sharp-edged entrance, K,=2 for swing check valve, K. = 0.2 for the fully open gate valve, K,= 1 for the exit. ‘The roughness of cast iron pipe, is e = 0.00026 m (16 marks)