Name: Larry Xue

Class: Physics 2
Period: 2
Group #: 2
Lab # and Title: Induction and Magnetic Flux
Laboratory Report
Purpose
The purpose of the lab is to understand the relationship between coils, electric fields, and
magnetic fields
Equipment Used
PASCO Circuit board kit, PASCO Voltmeter, Sparkvue App, disc magnets, paper, and
Red/Black Cables.
Background
Electromagnetic induction is the process by which a current can be induced to flow due
to a changing magnetic field.Faraday's law, due to 19ᵗʰ century physicist Michael Faraday. This
relates the rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electro-motive
force ε. The relationship is

𝜀 = electro-motive force

Φ= magnetic flux
t = time
Lenz's law is a consequence of conservation of energy applied to electromagnetic
induction. It states that the direction of current is always such that it will oppose the change in
flux which produced it. This means that any magnetic field produced by an induced current will
be in the opposite direction to the change in the original field.
Procedures
Part 1: Magnetic field strength

1. Build the circuit shown in the diagram

2. Place a single disk magnet in the coil, sitting up on the rounded side, as shown in the
diagram.

3. Close the switch and observe the magnet.

4. Rotate the magnet 90 degrees and repeat the experiment. Repeat this two more times to
experiment with a different side of the magnet facing out from the coil.
5. Place the magnet at various locations around the coil and repeat the experiment.
6. Remove one battery from the circuit and replace it with a 100 ohm resistor to reduce the
current through the coil. Repeat the experiment.
7. Record how the magnet responds when current is flowing through the coil

Part 2: Generating current

1. Connect the voltage sensor to a coil as shown.

2. Open up SparkVue with data and graph.

3. Begin recording data. Move the north end of the magnet into the coil, hold it in the coil, and
then move the magnet out of the coil, as shown in the diagram.

4. Repeat the experiment, but flip the magnet so that the south end of the magnet is inserted in
the coil.
5. Repeat the experiment, but move the magnet in and out of the coil at different
speeds.
6. Record and describe the voltage measured under the following conditions:
1. The north end of the magnet is moved into the coil.
2. The magnet is held in the coil.
3. The north end of the magnet is moved out of the coil.

Part 3: Magnetic Flux

1. Hold the coil on its side, so that the hole faces downward.
2. Roll a piece of paper to create a tube and insert it in the coil.
3. Drop the stack of magnets in the tube and let it fall through the other end,
catching the magnets as they fall through.
4. Record the changes in voltage as the magnets pass through the coil
 Data

Insert graphs and data from SparkVue

1. In section 2, how does the area under the chart when inserting the magnet
compare to when taking it out?

The area under the chart is equal, however the area under the chart when inserting the magnet is the
opposite to the area under the chart when removing the magnet.

2. In section 2, how does the chart change when inserting opposite poles of the
magnet?

The chart becomes the opposite when inserting opposite poles of the magnet.
Analysis Questions

Part 1
What were the effects of adding the 100 ohm resistor, and how can you explain this change in
the results?
Adding the 100 ohm resistor increases the voltage that is induced in the coil. V=IR

What effect does changing the direction of current in the circuit have on the magnetic field?
Changing the direction of current in the circuit will change the magnetic field direction.

Part 2
How does the speed of moving the magnets affect the outcome of the graph?
The greater speed of moving the magnets resulted in a greater reading in voltage.

Why is there no change in the graph Why is there no change in the graph when the magnet is
stationary in the coil??
There is no change in the graph when the magnet is stationary in the coil because there is no change
in flux in the coil.

Part 3
What is the relation between the speed of the magnet moving through and the area underneath
the graph?
The greater speed of the magnet will result in a greater area underneath the curve.

Is the incoming flux significantly greater, less, or about the same as the outgoing flux? Why?
The incoming flux is about the same to the outgoing flux. They are equal because of Faraday’s law of
induction, change in the system will result a voltage to be induced in the coil. Also Lenz’s Law says
that the induced current will oppose the change in magnetic flux, which causes the induced emf. Thus
the areas are opposite of each other, one being positive and negative.