Pregunta: 6 Usar punto fijo para aproximar la solución de cada ecuación en el

intervalo que se indica, analice convergencia.

a) 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0, 𝑒𝑛 [1,2]
0 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 1
Si consideramos la función
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 1
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = √2𝑥 + 1
3
𝑔(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1
 Primera condición ver que “g” sea continua 𝑔(𝑥) ∈ ∁([1,2]) : “g” es
continua y derivable
 Segunda condición 𝑔(𝑥) ∈ ([1,2]) ⊆ [1,2]
2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2 : tiene sus máximos en los extremos: 𝑔(1), 𝑔(2) ∈ [1,2]
3(2𝑥+1)3

 | 𝑔′ (𝑥)| ≤ 𝑘 < 1 ∀𝑥 ∈ (1,2)

Primera Forma:
3 2
𝑔(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2,𝑥 ∈ [1,2]
3(2𝑥 + 1)3
2
𝑔′ (0.5) = 2
3(2(1.5) + 1)3
𝑔′ (0,5) = 0.2645 > 0
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
Segunda Forma:
3
max|𝑔(𝑥)| = √2(2) + 1 = 1.7099
3
min|𝑔(𝑥)| = √2(1) + 1 = 1.4422

⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜: [1.4422; 1.7099] ∁[1; 2]
La función es decreciente en [1; 2]
2
max|𝑔′(𝑥)| = 2 = 0.32049 = 𝑀1 < 1
3(2(1) + 1)3
10−4
|𝑒𝑛 | ≤ (0.32049)𝑛 (2 − 1) ≤
2
 0.32049𝑛 ≤ 5(10−5 )
ln(5(10−5 ))
𝑛≤
ln(0.32049)
𝑛 ≤ 8.7032
𝑛=9

𝑛 𝑋𝑛 𝑔(𝑋𝑛 ) = 𝑋𝑛+1
0 2 1.709975947
1 1.709975947 1.641115627
2 1.641115627 1.623890367
3 1.623890367 1.619523908
4 1.619523908 1.618413299
5 1.618413299 1.618130572
6 1.618130572 1.618058583
7 1.618058583 1.618040251
8 1.618040251 1.618035584
9 1.618034395 1.618034395

b) 𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑒𝑛 [0,1]
0 = 𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥
Si consideramos la función
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥 = 0 ⇔ 𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2𝑥
 Primera condición ver que “g” sea continua 𝑔(𝑥) ∈ ∁([0,1]) : “g” es
continua y derivable
 Segunda condición 𝑔(𝑥) ∈ ([0,1]) ⊆ [0,1]
𝑔′ (𝑥) = −2𝑒 −2𝑥 : tiene sus máximos en los extremos: 𝑔(0), 𝑔(1) ∈ [0,1]
 | 𝑔′ (𝑥)| ≤ 𝑘 < 1 ∀𝑥 ∈ (0,1)
Primera Forma:
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = −2𝑒 −2𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
𝑔′ (0,5) = −2𝑒 −2(0,5)
𝑔′ (0,5) = −0.735 < 0
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
Segunda Forma:
 max|𝑔(𝑥)| = 𝑒 −2(0) = 1

min|𝑔(𝑥)| = 𝑒 −2(1) = 0.135

⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

𝑛 𝑋𝑛 𝑔(𝑋𝑛 ) = 𝑋𝑛+1
0 0 1
1 1 0.1353352832
2 0.1353352832 0.7628677692
3 0.7628677692 0.2174610471
4 0.2174610471 0.6473150948
5 0.2174610471 0.2739991734
6 0.2739991734 0.5781058204
7 0.5781058204 0.3146760315
8 0.3146760315 0.5329369988
9 0.5329369988 0.3444266951
10 0.3444266951 0.502151511
11 0.502151511 0.3662998488
12 0.3662998488 0.4806577995
13 0.4806577995 0.3823894837
14 0.3823894837 0.4654367963
15 0.4654367963 0.3942091817
16 0.3942091817 0.4545631808
17 0.4545631808 0.4028760383
18 0.4028760383 0.4467518086
19 0.4467518086 0.40921948897
20 0.40921948897 0.4411197143
21 0.4411197143 0.4138550743
22 0.4138550743 0.4370489185
23 0.4370489185 0.4172382669
24 0.4172382669 0.4341016595
25 0.4341016595 0.4197049481
26 0.4197049481 0.4319653526
27 0.4319653526 0.4215020217
28 0.4215020217 0.4304155923
29 0.4304155923 0.4228105026
30 0.4228105026 0.4292906836
31 0.4292906836 0.4237628199
32 0.4237628199 0.4284738199
33 0.4284738199 0.4244556987
34 0.4244556987 0.4278804703
35 0.4278804703 0.4249596989
36 0.4249596989 0.4274493839
37 0.4274493839 0.4253262456
38 0.4253262456 0.4271361384
39 0.4271361384 0.4255927921
40 0.4255927921 0.4269084958