3

KATHON® FP 1.5 microbicide is

highly effective at preventing the
growth of microorganisms in liquid
hydrocarbon fuels, such as aviation*
and diesel fuel, home heating oil
and kerosene as well as petroleum
feedstocks. KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide eradicates microbial
growth in contaminated fuel systems
and also provides long-term
protection to these systems. The
product is soluble in both the fuel
and water phases and thus protects
both phases from microbial growth.
Figure 1 shows the difference
between a fuel sample protected
with KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
and a sample without biocide.

FIGURE 1

Contaminated Fuel Fuel Preserved with KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide

*Consult Rohm and Haas, the FAA, or relevant

local aviation authorities on the status of
approval for use of KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide in aviation fuels.
 4
PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGES
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide offers
a number of outstanding advantages:
Broad Spectrum Activity
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
controls the wide variety of bacteria and
fungi found in fuel systems.
Eradication of Microbial Growth
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
quickly kills microorganisms in already
contaminated fuel systems.
TABLE 1
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
(These do not constitute specifications)
Appearance Yellow liquid, slightly
viscous
Odor Mild, aromatic
Partition Coeff. * Component 1 = 0.176
Component 2=0.003
(ratio of the concentration
in fuel vs. the concentra-
tion in water)
Specific Gravity 1.044 at 25°C
Density, Ib./gal. 8.70
pH 4 to 6
Viscosity 97.8 Centipoise at 25°C
Solubility Soluble in fuel at levels
below the solubility level-
0.5% by weight or 75 ppm
active ingredient. The
active ingredient in
KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide is completely
soluble in water. Note that
the product solvent,
dipropylene glycol, is not
completely soluble in fuel.
'See page 13 for more details.
Long Term Preservation
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
protects stored fuels for extended
periods of time from microbial growth.
Systems treated with KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide resist recontamination
upon reinoculation or addition of new
fuel.
Complete System Protection
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
protects both fuel and water phases
from microbial contamination.
Compatibility with Fuel, Fuel System
Components, and Engines
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide has
no deleterious effect on fuels, fuel addi-
tives, or system components.
Effective in Different Fuel Types
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide is
effective in most fuel types that are
susceptible to microbiological
contamination.
Proven Effectiveness in Actual Field
Use
All of the above performance
advantages of KATHON FP 1.5 microbi-
cide have been demonstrated in field
use. Case histories documenting this
performance are available from Rohm
and Haas.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
The chemical and physical proper-
ties of KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide are
listed in Table 1. The structural formulas
and chemical composition are shown
in Figure 2.
 5

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
The active ingredients are the
compounds identified according to
IUPAC nomenclature as 5-chloro-2-
methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and
2-methyl-4-i soth iazol in-3-one.

FIGURE 2
STRUCTURAL FORMULAS OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Component 1 Component 2

o o

Cl

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4- 2-Methyl-4-
isothiazolin-3-one isothiazolin-3-one
CAS Registry No. CAS Registry No.
26172-55-4 2682-20-4

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION*
(These do not constitute specifications)

The composition of the KATHON FP 1.5 Formu-

lation as supplied is:
Active Ingredients
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-
isothiazolin-3-one 1.15%
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 0.35%
---
Minimum Value 1.50%
Typical Value 1.50%

Inert Ingredients (Approximate Values)

Dipropylene Glycol 90.00%
Water 5.85%
Magnesium Salts 2.65%
Total Inert Ingredients 98.50% max.

'Covered by Rohm and Haas patents and patents pending

6

BROAD SPECTRUM ACTIVITY OF in the tables inhibited the growth of

KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE
Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate the
broad-spectrum activity of KATHON FP
1.5 microbicide. As the data show,
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide is effective
at low concentrations. The levels shown
various microorganisms under ideal
laboratory conditions. These minimum
levels are not necessarily the most
effective levels for use under actual
field conditions.

TABLE 2
MICROBIOSTATIC CONCENTRATIONS OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE AGAINST BACTERIA

KATHON FP 1.5 KATHON FP 1.5

Microbicide Microbicide
(AS Supplied) (Active Ingredient)
Test Bacterium ATCC Number ppm ppm

Gram Positive
Bacillus cereus var. mycoides RandH #L5 130 2
Bacillus subtilis RandH #B2 130 2
Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 6871 130 2
Cellulomonas sp. 21399 400 6
Sarcina lutea 9341 330 5
Staphylococcus aureus 6538 130 2
Staphylococcus epiderm idis 155 130 2
Streptomyces albus 3004 70 1

Gram Negative
Achromobacter parvulus 4335 130 2
Alcaligenes faecalis 8750 130 2
Azotobacter vinelandii 12837 330 5
Enterobacter aerogenes 3906 330 5
Escherichia coli 11229 330 5
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans'> ADI strain 170 2.5
Flavobacterium suaveolens 958 600 9
Proteus vulgaris 8427 330 5
Pseudomonas aeruqinosa" 15442 330 5
Pseudomonas fluorescens 13525 130 2
Pseudomonas oleoverans 8062 330 5
Salmonella typhosa 6539 330 5
Shigella sonnei 9290 130 2
 7

TABLE 3
MICROBIOSTATIC CONCENTRATIONS OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE AGAINST FUNGI

KATHON FP 1.5 KATHON FP 1.5

Microbicide Microbicide
(As Supplied) (Active Ingredient)
Test Fungus ATCC Number ppm ppm

Alternaria dianthicola 11782 200 3

Aspergillus foetidus 16878 530 8

Aspergillus niger3 9642 600 9

Aspergillus oryzae 10196 330 5

Aspergillus repens 9294 400 6

Aureobasidium pullulans 9348 300 5

Candida albicans- (yeast) 11651 330 5

Chaetomium globosum 6205 600 9

Cladosporium
(Hormonoconis) resinae- 11274 330 5

Fusarium Sp.3 130 2

Gliocladium fimbriatum (OM 7638) 600 9

Lentinus lepidus 12653 270 4

Gleophylum trabeum 11539 400 6

Mucor rouxii RandH #L5-83 330 5

Penicillium funiculosurn- 9644 330 5

Penicillium variabile- (glaucum) USDA 130 2

Phoma glomerata 6735 200 3

Phoma herbarum (pigmentivora) 12569 130 2

Rhizopus stolonifer 10404 300 5

Rhodotorula rubra (yeast) 9449 130 2

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(yeast) 2601 130 2

Trichosporon- 130 2

1 Sulfate-reducing Bacteria.
2The most common fouling agent in middle distillate fuel. Can cause plugging of lines and filters, haziness, and corrosion.
3Frequently found in contaminated fuel.
8

ERADICATION OF MICROBIAL
GROWTH IN CONTAMINATED
SYSTEMS
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
begins to reduce microbial populations
in contaminated fuel systems within 5
hours. Complete control of microbial
growth is achieved in 24 to 72 hours.
Under the same conditions, competitive
biocides do not act as quickly. Table 4
and Figures 3 and 4 show the relative
effectiveness of KATHON FP 1.5 micro-
bicide, compared with a widely used
competitive biocide, in contaminated
fuel samples. KATHON FP 1.5 micro-
bicide decreases microbial populations
quickly, and has an even more rapid
effect on fungal populations when com-
pared with the competitive biocide.

TABLE 4
ERADICATION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN FOULED NO. 1 FUEL

Cone. Microorganisms as CFU/ml (Aqueous Phase)

Microbiocide (ppm) 3 Hrs. 24 Hrs. 48 Hrs. 72 Hrs. 96 Hrs.

None 0 2.25X10B 2.BOX10B 1.90X10B 2.30X10B 1.50X10B

KATHON FP 1.5
Microbicide 40 1.B2X10B 2.4X106 1.2X103 700 40
100 200 BO 0
190 1.15X10B 7.0X104 140 5 0
3BO 1.03X10B 2.6X104 10 10 0
Mixed Dioxaborinanes 270 2.29X10B 3.57X10B 5.1X107 B.OX107 4.50X10B
 9

FIGURE 3
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE AND A COMPETITIVE
BIOCIDE IN JET A AVIATION FUEL
Fungal Inoculum

-.::
QJ 6
>
QJ
-.J
C
o .
~E
c~
.- :J
ELL 4
.;gu
C _

0 0
U CJ)
-0
<1l-.J
:0
0 2
.~
~

5 Hrs. 24 Hrs. 48 Hrs. 72 Hrs. 1 Wk. 4 Wks.

Time

"Colony forming units/ml

FIGURE 4
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE AND A COMPETITIVE
BIOCIDE IN JET A AVIATION FUEL
Bacterial and Fungal Inoculum

-QJ
>
QJ
-.J 6
C
o:!:....
:;:::;E
<1l~
C:J
'E LL
<1lU
Co
0
4
U CJ)
0
(ii-.J
:0
0
0
~ 2

5 Hrs. 24 Hrs. 48 Hrs. 72 Hrs. 1 Wk. 4 Wks.

Time

"Colony forming units/ml

10

LONG TERM PRESERVATION OF

FUELS
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide effec-
tively preserves fuels for extended
periods of time and helps fuel systems
resist future microbial contamination. As
Figure 5 shows, adding KATHON FP
1.5 microbicide at levels from 100 to
200 ppm protects fuels from microbial
growth for at least 60 days-the dura-
tion of the test period. Even after re-
inoculation, fuel systems treated with
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide remained
free of microbial growth, while systems
treated with competitive biocides were
not protected.
Actual field tests have shown
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide to be
effective for periods of four months to
one year, depending on storage condi-
tions (i.e., fuel: water ratio, turnover of
the fuel, etc.).

FIGURE 5
LONG TERM PRESERVATION OF DISTILLATE FUELS
Microbial contamination level (CFU/ml* expressed as 10910)

No Growth
2

Control A B
Preservatives
~\
C D

'Colony forming units ml

A=2000 ppm EGME

B = 270 ppm Competitive Biocide .30 Days
C = 100 ppm KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide
D = 200 ppm KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide 60 Days
 11

PERSISTENT EFFECTIVENESS
Treated Systems Resist Recontamination
When used at low levels, KATHON
FP 1.5 microbicide will prevent micro-
biological contamination of clean fuels.
Figure 6 represents the introduction of a
large microbial inoculum to clean fuel
containing either KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide or a competitive biocide at
their minimum and maximum recom-
mended use levels. Under these
conditions, 50 ppm KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide reduced microbial counts
in the fuel even faster than the highest
recommended use level for the compet-
itive biocide.

FIGURE 6
EFFECTIVENESS OF KATHON FP 1.5 AND A COMPETITIVE BIOCIDE IN
PREVENTING CONTAMINATION OF A "CLEAN" FUEL

10

Control-No Biocide
8
-Q)
>Q)
...J
C
o!... Competitive Biocide-135 ppm
-';:::;E
co~ 6
.~~
ELL
co()
Co
0
()Ol
cu...J0
4
is
0
U
~

2 KATHON FP 1.5-50 ppm

o 2 7 14
Time (Days)

'Colony forming units/ml

12

When fuel that has been treated

with KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide is
mixed with untreated fuel, it continues
to protect the untreated fuel. To demon-
strate this, a test was set up in which a
sterile fuel sample was inoculated with
a fuel/water mixture from a contami-
nated system that had been treated
with a biocide. Table 5 shows that
when the contaminated system had
been treated with KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide at levels between 50 to 200
ppm, the sterile system was able to
resist contamination. This was not the
case with competitive biocides.

TABLE 5
PROTECTION OF CLEAN FUEL AFTER CONTAMINATION WITH FOULED FUEL
UNDERGOING DISINFECTION

Biocide Treatment" Level in Growthb of Inoculum in Sterile Jet Fuel

Fouled Jet Fuel Medium Medium After 7 Days Incubation
Used as Inoculum
Replicate No. 1 Replicate No. 2

KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide, 10 ppm 3 3

KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide, 50 ppm 0 0
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide, 100 ppm 0 0
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide, 150 ppm 0 0
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide, 190 ppm 0 0
Competitive Biocide, 270 ppm 4+ 4+
No biocide treatment-inoculum used 4+ 4+
No inoculum used 0 0

a-Fouled medium treated with biocide 5 days prior to b--4 + = heavy growth; 0 = no growth.
being used as inoculum. Inoculum dilution: 1/20 in
sterile aqueous phase and 1/2000 in sterile jet fuel phase.
 13

COMPLETE SYSTEM PROTECTION

Protection of Both Fuel and Water
Phases
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide will
partition into both the fuel and water
phases. The two active components in
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide concen-
trate at different levels in the fuel phase
and in the water phase. Table 6 shows
the equilibrium concentration of the
total active ingredient in both phases at
various fuel:water ratios. The concentra-
tion in each phase at recommended
use levels effectively prevents the
growth of microorganisms in the whole
system, especially at the interface,
where microbial growth is most likely to
occur.

TABLE 6
APPROXIMATE LEVELS OF KATHON FP 1.5 ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN FUEL STORAGE TANKS

Dosage of Total a.i. to Fuel: H2O Approximate Total Active Ingredient

Whole System (ppm)8,b Ratio Concentration in Each Phase (ppm)?

Fuel Water

1.5 500:1 1.34 81.3

1.5 1000:1 1.40 100.2
1.5 2000:1 1.44 113.6
1.5 3000:1 1.46 118.9
1.5 5000:1 1.47 123.6

a-KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide contains 1.5% active c- The concentration of the total active ingredient was
ingredient. To determine the product use level, calculated using the partition coefficient for each
divide the active ingredient level by 0.015. active component (given in Table 1 Physical and
For Example: Chemical Properties) then combining these levels
1.5 ppm a.i. _ 100 ppm KATHON FP 1.5 to yield the total concentration.
.015 - microbicide as supplied.
b-If the actual dosage of active ingredient used is
different, multiply the total active ingredient
concentration in each phase by the ratio of the
actual dosage to the 1.5 ppm a.i. level used in the
table.
For Example: Actual dosage of active ingredient
= 2.8 ppm at 1000:1 fuel:water ratio.

Therefore the a.i. concentration in water using the

actual dosage is:

~:~ x 100.2 ppm = 187.04 ppm

a.i. concentration in fuel:

2.8 x 1 4 = 2 61 ppm
1.5 . .
14

Since KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide COMPATIBILITY WITH FUELS,

protects both phases, treated fuel
remains protected as it moves through
the fuel distribution system. This is
demonstrated in Figure 7, which shows
that approximately 80 percent of the
initial treatment level still remains after
the fifth transfer of fuel into a series of
storage tanks. The reason for this is
that at the higher fuel:water ratios typ-
ical'y encountered in fuel systems
(1000:1 or greater), the active ingre-
dients of KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
are extracted slowly by the water
phase, thus prolonging the length of
protection to the system.
FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS,
AND ENGINES
At recommended use levels
(50-200 ppm), KATHON FP 1.5 microbi-
cide has no deleterious effect on fuels
or on metals, sealants and other mate-
rials found in fuel systems and engines.
For information on compatibility and
approvals, contact Rohm and Haas.

FIGURE 7
LEVEL OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE REMAINING
AFTER MULTIPLE TRANSFERS OF THE FUEL

100%

88%
U')
~
Cl.. 01
LLc 75%
z:~
Ocu
IE
r-(l)
<t:a:
~(l)
- "0
cu .-u 50%
._
:=:0
Eo
-b
c·-
2S~
Qj 25%
o,

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5

Number of Transfers

DIRECTIONS FOR USE
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide is rec-
ommended for the control of bacteria
and fungi in aviation fuels*, kerosene,
heating oils, diesel fuels*, residual
fuels, coal slurries, liquefied petroleum
gases and other petroleum feed stocks
(such as crudes).
Method of Addition
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
should be dispensed directly into a fuel
tank, storage tank or flowing stream of
fuel ina manner that ensures uniform
distribution in the fuel system. Either
slug dosing or continuous feed dosing
can be used.
While any method of addition that
insures uniform distribution is preferred,
less precise methods, such as dump-
ing, will not generally affect the
performance of the biocide. Pre-dilution
of KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide in the
fuel is not recommended, however,
since the level of biocide in the pre-mix
may exceed the solubility level in fuel.
Direct contact of KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide with water will not affect
'Consult Rohm and Haas, the FAA, or relevant
local aviation authorities on the status of
approval for the use of KATHON FP 1.5 microbi-
cide in aviation fuels.
TABLE 7
KATHON FP 1.5
Dosages'
KATHON FP 1.5 DOSAGES BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF FUEL
KATHON FP 1.5 10,000 U.S.
Dosages" Gallons
Maintenance doses:
(ppm of product)
50-75 0.5 gallons
Curative Doses:
100-125 1 gallon
150-200 1.5 gallons
"Dosages are rounded off to nearest full unit for ease
of dosing.
15
the performance of the product or
result in any solids formation.
Curative Dose
When the system is noticeably
fouled, levels of 100 to 200 ppm of
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide (1.5 to 3.0
ppm of active ingredient) will quickly
begin to kill microorganisms. Refer to
Table 7 for dosing recommendations.
Dosage can be repeated periodically to
maintain control of these microorga-
nisms. Higher treatment levels may be
used in the case of extreme contamina-
tion. For recommendations, contact
Rohm and Haas or your distributor.
Grossly contaminated systems may
need to be cleaned physically to
remove debris.
Maintenance Dose
When the system is not noticeably
fouled, KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide at
levels of 50 to 75 ppm (0.75 to 1.13
ppm active ingredient) will maintain the
system free of microbial growth. Refer
to Table 7 for dosage recommenda-
tions. Repeat dosage when microbial
contamination is detected.
1 Million U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 Metric
Gallons Barrels Tons
50 gallons 2.5 gallons 50-75 liters
100 gallons 5 gallons 100-125 Iiters
150 gallons 10 gallons 150-200 liters
16

Treatment of Fuel Storage Tank not be discharged into public waters

Effluents
The active components of KATHON
FP 1.5 microbicide will migrate prefera-
bly to the water bottoms of fuel storage
tanks. Concentrations will depend on
several factors-the initial treatment
level, the fuel :water ratio, the length of
storage time before discharge, and the
rate of turnover of fuel. It is possible to
estimate the approximate level of active
ingredient present in the water bottoms
through chemical analysis or by using
the information contained in Table 6.
Most biocides, including KATHON
FP 1.5 microbicide, are toxic to aquatic
species and wildlife (Table 8), and
water bottoms containing biocides must
until the biocides are deactivated (as
per EPA labeling requirements). Direc-
tions for deactivating KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide are provided in the follow-
ing section (see Table 10 for
information on the toxicity of deacti-
vated solutions). For guidance on
approved effluent discharge pro-
cedures, consult federal, state, local or
European authorities.
DEACTIVATION METHODS
The active ingredients of KATHON FP
1.5 microbicide are readily degraded to
non-toxic components by the addition
of a slightly acidic sodium metabisulfite

TABLE 8
TOXICITY OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE TO AQUATIC SPECIES AND WILDLlFE*

Species Conditions LC50 (a.l.)"

Bluegill sunfish 6-day dynamic exposure 0.54 mg/I

Channel catfish 6-day dynamic exposure 0.10 mg/I
Rainbow trout 6-day dynamic exposure 0.14 mg/I
Fathead minnow 6-day dynamic exposure 0.12 mg/I
Bay mussel 96 hours dynamic exposure 1.9 mg/I
Pink shrimp 96 hours static exposure 2.3 mg/I
Fiddler crab 96 hours static exposure 59 mg/I
Daphnia magna 48 hours 0.18 mg/I
Bay mussel larvae 48 hours static exposure 14 fLg/1
Sheepshead minnow 96 hours static exposure 0.3 mg/I
Eastern oyster 48 hours static exposure 28fL9/1
Bobwhite quail Oral LD50 97 mg/kg
Bobwhite quail 8-day dietary > 60 mg/kg
Pekin duck 8-day dietary > 100 mg/kg/day
'Based on aqueous solutions of the active ingredient.
"To convert active ingredient (a.i.) levels to product
levels, divide by 0.015.
 -------~ - - -- .

17

or sodium bisulfite solution. Deactiva-

tion of water bottoms is typically TABLE 9A
accomplished by adding a 10% solu- DEACTIVATION SOLUTION
tion of sodium (meta- )bisulfite to the
effluent containing KATHON FP 1.5 Solution Weight
microbicide. After mixing and allowing No. Ingredient Pounds Kg.

time for the degradation reaction to

occur, the effluent can be discharged Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S20S) 1 2.2
Water 8 17.6
in the intended manner. The directions
for preparing the deactivation solutions Total 9 19.8
are given in Table 9A. Exact quantities pH 4.2
of deactivation solutions required for a 2 Sodium bisulfite (NaHS03) 1 2.2
typical fuel storage tank water bottom Water 8.3 18.2
effluent are provided in Table 9B. Total 9.3 20.4
Note: When treating large volumes of water bot- pH 4.2
toms, sodium (meta-)bisulfite can be
added as a solid to degrade the active
ingredient in the water bottoms. Tanks Note: The degradation of KATHON FP 1.5
with agitation are recommended for this microbicide is more effective in acidic
approach. The methods described above pH. If water bottoms are alkaline, adjust
can be adapted to a wide variety of the pH to the acid side prior to adding
physical fuel storage configurations. For the deactivation solution.
further information and guidance, please
contact your KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
supplier or a Rohm and Haas
representative.

TABLE 9B
DEACTIVATION SOLUTION VOLUMES FOR NEUTRALIZING
1000 GALLONS (4.5 M3) FUEL TANK WATER BOTTOM

Deactivation Solution Needed for Neutralization

Biocide Case 1" Case 2b
Treat. Fuel:Water Active Biocide
Rate (ppm) Ratio in Water (ppm)* Lbs. Gal. Kg. Lbs. Gal. Kg.

1000:1 45 28 3.1 12.5 185 21 84

50
5000:1 60 37 4.1 16.5 246 275 112

1000:1 90 55 6.2 25 370 41.2 167

100
5000:1 120 74 8.2 33 492 55.0 223

1000:1 180 110 12.4 50 740 82.4 334

200
5000:1 240 158 16.4 66 984 110 446
"Calculated from partition coefficients for KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide. Directions for deactivation:
a CASE 1 assumes deactivated effluent will be drummed and (1) Drain off the water bottoms into a pit or holding
land-filled according to federal, state and local regulations, tank.
or discharged to a waste treatment plant (effluent should (2) Add the deactivation solution to the water
contain < 2 ppm active ingredient). bottoms and mix completely.
CASE 2 assumes deactivated effluent will be discharged (3) Allow the mixture to stand for 30 minutes prior to
directly to the environment. This effluent should contain discharge to ensure complete deactivation.
S 0.01 ppm active ingredient.
18
Toxicity of Deactivated
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide
Standard test procedures were
conducted to study the acute skin and
eye irritation effects of KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide solutions that have been
deactivated with sodium bisulfite. The
products of decontamination were
judged to be slightly irritating to the
eyes. The irritation was limited to the
conjunctivae and was reversible within
72 hours. Washing the eyes for 20 to 30
seconds after contact reduced irritation.
The products of decontamination were
judged to be slightly irritating to the
skin as well.
Environmental Impact of Deactivated
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide
Laboratory tests were also con-
ducted to determine the environmental
impact of deactivated KATHON FP 1.5
microbicide. Test solutions containing 2
ppm active biocide were treated with
amounts of sodium bisulfite varying
from 50 to 150 ppm. Bluegill sunfish
were added to the deactivated solution
TABLE 10
THE EFFECT OF DEACTIVATED SOLUTIONS OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE ON THE
MORTALITY OF BLUEGILL SUNFISH (LEPOMIS MICROCHIRUS)
Solution Tested
Water
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide*
Sodium bisulfite solution
Deactivated
KATHON FP 1.5 Microbicide/
Sodium bisulfite mixture
*Based on aqueous solution of 1.5% active ingredient.
three minutes after mixing. As a control,
bluegill sunfish were exposed to solu-
tions containing 2 ppm and 0.2 ppm
KATHON FP 1.5 active ingredient. All
bluegills exposed to 2 ppm active
ingredient died within 24 hours. No
bluegills died after 96 hours exposure
to 0.2 ppm active ingredient. No blue-
gills died during the 96-hour exposure
to KATHON FP 1.5 active ingredient
treated with sodium bisulfite. As Table
10 shows, sodium bisulfite effectively
reduces the toxic concentration of
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide for
bluegill.
DILUTION METHOD
Simple dilution of effluents contain-
ing KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide may
not reduce the active ingredient con-
centration below levels that are toxic to
aquatic species and wildlife (see Table
8), and therefore is not recommended.
If the dilution method is used, any dis-
charge must be in accordance with
local, state, and federal procedures.
Level % Mortality After
ppm a.i. 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days
o o o o
2.0 100 100 100 100
100 o o o o
2.0/100 o o o o
 19

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE
Biodegradability
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide is
readily biodegradable at very low
levels. Radioassays of natural river
water, as shown in Figure 8, indicate
that the length of time required for com-
plete dissipation is dependent on initial
concentrations.

FIGURE 8
KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE DISSIPATION IN RIVER WATER
Percent of Each Active Component Remaining

100~_ .••••••
~ _

90

.
(')
80
z
z
~ 70
~
UJ
a:
~ 60
z
UJ
z
0
0...
50
~
0
U
I 40
o
«
UJ
u,
0 30
J2. 0.06 ppm Component 1
0

20

10

o 2 4 7 14 35
DAYS

'See Figure 2 for description of each component

20

Dissipation in Activated Sludge Units Dissipation in Soil

The level of KATHON FP 1.5 micro-
bicide in activated sludge was raised
gradually to 6 ppm active ingredient.
Table 11 shows the recovery of the
charged C14activity during a seven-
week period. The effluent contained
undetectable (by GLC analysis) levels
of both active components, indicating
that they are converted to degradation
intermediates almost immediately with
no apparent effect on the bacteria.
TABLE 11
DISSIPATION OF C14 LABELLED KATHON FP 1.5
MICROBICIDE IN AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE UNIT
Percent Recovery of C14 Added
Component 1 Component
Effluent 55.1
Carbon dioxide 23.6
Sludge 22.5
Total 101.2
In biometric flask studies, 25% of
the C14activity applied as 0.6 ppm of
Component 1 was evolved as CO2 in 25
days from non-sterile Hagerstown silt
loam. The evolution from sterilized soil
was negligible. These test results indi-
cate that KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide
is totally biodegradable.
TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING
INFORMATION
Table 12 shows the toxicity of
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide. The safe
handling precautions listed in this bro-
chure and on the package label must
be observed. The product as sup-
plied is severely irritating to the eyes
and skin, therefore, appropriate pro-
2 tective clothing should be worn to
prevent both eye and skin contact.
59.6 KATHON FP 1,5 microbicide may
18.3 cause allergic skin reactions in sus-
ceptible individuals. By adhering to
19.3
these good industrial hygiene prac-
97.2 tices, the associated effects of skin
contact (e.g., burns, allergic reac-
tion) can be avoided.

Material Safety Data Sheets

TABLE 12
Rohm and Haas Company main-
TOXICITY OF KATHON FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE tains Material Safety Data Sheets
(as supplied) (MSDS) on all of its products. These
sheets contain important information
Acute oral (LD50)-rats 3700 mg/kg that you may need to protect your
Acute dermal (LD50) employees and customers from any
-rabbits (females) >3600 mg/kg known health or safety hazards asso-
(males) 3500 mg/kg ciated with our products.
Skin irritation-rabbit Severe We recommend that you obtain
copies of our Material Safety Data
Eye irritation-rabbit Severe
Sheets from your local Rohm and Haas
Skin sensitization* representative before using any of our
-guinea pigs Sensitizer products in your facilities. We also
EC50 (induction) 88 ppm a.i. suggest that you contact suppliers of
materials recommended for use with our
EC50 (elicitation) 429 ppm a.i. products for appropriate health and
safety information.
'Based on aqueous solutions of the active ingredient.

Handling Precautions
Do not get in eyes, on skin or
clothing. Wear goggles or face shield
and rubber gloves when handling. Avoid
breathing vapor or mist. Avoid contami-
nation of food or public waters. Do not
take internally. Wash thoroughly after
handling. Avoid repeated dermal contact
with water bottoms from treated fuel.
First Aid Measures
After contact with eyes: FLUSH
IMMEDIATELY with copious amounts of
water for at least 15 minutes with eyes
held open. Get prompt medical atten-
tion, but flush first.
After contact with skin: FLUSH
IMMEDIATELY with plenty of water for
at least 15 minutes. Shower with soap
and water. Launder contaminated
clothing before rewearing.
If inhaled: Remove victim immedi-
ately to fresh air. If not breathing: apply
artificial respiration. If breathing IS diffi-
cult, give oxygen. Call a physician.
If swallowed and victim is
conscious: Dilute by giving two glasses
of water to drink and call a physician.
Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person.
Note to physician: MUCOSAL
DAMAGE MAY CONTRAINDICATE THE
USE OF GASTRIC LAVAGE. MEASURES
AGAINST CIRCULATORY SHOCK,
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION AND
CONVULSIONS MAY BE REQUIRED.
SPILL DECONTAMINATION
PROCEDURE FOR KATHON
FP 1.5 MICROBICIDE
Spills of KATHON FP 1.5 micro-
bicide can be deactivated using a 10%
sodium metabisulfite or sodium bisulfite
21
solution. Directions for making this solu-
tion are contained in Table 9A.
Personnel cleaning up spills should
wear protective clothing consisting of
splash goggles or face shield, plastic
rain jacket, rubber boots or impervious
shoes, and rubber gloves.
To handle a spill:
1. Absorb as much of the spilled
KATHON FP 1.5 microbicide as pos-
sible using spill control pillows or an
absorbent material such as sand,
diatomaceous earth, oildry or Kitty
Litter.
2. Place the contaminated absorbent
into a container with a polyethylene
liner. The contaminated absorbent
may be deactivated when the imme-
diate emergency of handling the
spill has been resolved.
3. Cover the spill area with deactivation
solution (see Table 9A). Allow 30
minutes to ensure the biocide is fully
neutralized, then flush with water to
a chemical or municipal sewer.
4. Treat the contaminated absorbent in
the disposal container with at least 2
volumes of deactivation solution per
estimated volume of spilled KATHON
FP 1.5 microbicide. Add enough
solution to completely wet the absor-
bent material.
5. Rinse hands with gloves on. Then
carefully peel the gloves off by pull-
ing on the outside of the glove
sleeve, turning them inside out as
you remove them. Put gloves into the
disposal container.
6. Allow disposal container to sit open
for 48 hours to avoid pressure
buildup, then seal and dispose of it
by landfilling in accordance with
local, state, and federal regulations.