ANSWER KEY AND EXPLANATIONS Section I, Part A LD 2D IBA 2D 8D 14. BA 9.8 15.D 4.D 10.8 16A 5. 1B 17.8 6A 2D 18. 1. The correet answer is (D). This is a straight-forward w-substitution ine tegration problem. Ifwe let u = sinx, then du = cose dy and sin xeos x de I udu 2. The correct answer is (D). Re- a ot member that 2 =. pica, wert a ax tina at aa “y Now, went snd 2 yoet 4. cla et Ba 2 $0, dy _2e% Be ye 3. The correet answer is (A). To find the local minimum, we need to deter mine when the derivative changes 19.D 24D 20.€ 25.0 21.8 26. B 22, 22.€ 23.D 28.C from negative to positive. Pirst, we determine the derivative: (e-2° SBT (x! 8x +7)2(0-2)- (x- 2) (2-8) (e-8e 47)" 2x ~2)(-2-1) (#-8r+7) If we set »/ = 9 and solve for x, we see that of the derivative. By examining the wiggle graph below, we can see that J and x =2 are zeros ‘the local minimum occurs at x . The correct answer is (D). This problem calls for the product rule, We must differentiate each term with respect to x (erin cose) aesine! frame’ Fetmeone! +e" Incose® ‘The correet answer is (C). Here, we use the quotient rule to deter- mine the derivative; then, evaluate it he correet answer is (A). The ‘graph of f(x) is concave down for all ¥ <0 and concave up for all x > 0. ‘This implies that the second deriva- tive is negative for all x < 0 and positive for all x > 0, Choive (A) is, the only graph that meets this re- quirement The correct answer is (D). To write the equation of a tangent line, we need a point and the slope. The point is given to ts; (32). The slope is merely the y-coordinate that earre= sponds to x = 3 on the graph of f Sinee f'@) = ~2, then the slope of the tangent line is ~2. In point-slope form, the equation of the tangent line is 2(e = 3) . The correct answer Is (D). This is fan area accumulation problem. We ‘can see that the accumulated area is least when x . The correct answer is (B). Points of inflection on the graph of a func- tion correspond to horizontal tan- gents on the graph of the derivative, Since there are three, the function hhas three points of inflection . The correct answer is (B). This is fan implicit differentiation problem Remember, we need to use the prod uct rule to differentiate 2x9 om Now, we determine the correspond ing y value by substituting x = 0 into the original equation o+ay-0 pel Finally, we substitute x = 0 and y dy 1 into 2, dy 2 a3 ‘The correct answer is (B). For an improper integral, we first change it toa limit of a definite integral Ha ae tg ("ES ae Now, we have to address that tricky integrand, We do integration by parts and let w = In xand dv x dx. So, inf P= tin[-18S [f+ flee] hh * Note BB = 0 by Lier rule, The correct answer is (D). This is fan example of @ straightforward in- tegration-by-parts problem. We let w= rand dy = sectx dr.13, 14, 15, 16. Jasects dx = tans - Jeanx de stan + In Joos x] + The correct answer is (A). If we try to evaluate this limit using direct substitution, we will get an indeter- ° minate form: 2 So, we can use L'pital’s rule and take the deriva- tive of the numerator and denomina- tor; then, evaluate the limit, 72 If we evaluate the limit now, we still a % et 5 again. So, we ty L'Mépital’s rule = tee 1 3 The correet answer is (A). cost centered at x = 0 is one Taylor poly- nomial that we should be able to gen- erate from memory. It goes like this’ cose ele ar grt To find the value for cos2, we substi- tute 2 for x a2 1243-55 The correct answer is (D). Both | and II. converge to 0, while II. is divergent The correct answer is (A). Since acceleration is associated with the second derivative of position, we must determine the second deriva- tive for each of these parametric equations and evaluate them at x=2 Mo =30=7 Y= 6 1, 18, ros ¥Q)=6 Ste news a8 edie iyat te m=3-3 von yeas @ the accolration vector of the por viele at z= 2s (6-4) the correct answer is (B)- Notice that alt the slopes onthe iney == The correct answer is (B). This is a welldisguised application of LMépital’s rule, We should take the derivative of the numerator and the derivative of the denominator and then evaluate the limit “Par sim | == = im 2 =2 Mh 2s Notice we use the Fundamental Theorem, Part Two to determine the derivative of the numerator, . The correct answer is (D). When integrating a rational expression with @ numerator of greater degree than the denominator, we first divide and then integrate, ES) Jen T +3ln|x|+C 20. a. 2. 23. 24. ‘The correct answer is (C). We will 25. determine the derivative ofthis fune- tion by using both the power and chain rules. Then, we will evaluate it seo? Fran ® =83 ‘The correct answer is (B). This is asking for the derivative of the d rivative when x = 3. So, we need the second derivative of the function 26. ryt =2 2 re 27. re) 2 3 ‘The correct answer is (E). Since the degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the de- nominator, the limit as x approaches infinity does not exist because it is infinite, The correct answer is (D). The 28, trick to this problem is to recognize that Ine“ = cost So now all we need to find is the derivative of secr’cosx*, which is equal to 1. The derivative of 1 is 0. The correct answer is (D). Re- member the trapezoidal rule 10) 2/8) + am 2ls)+10) ) Applying this to the function y = x’ = 2x +1 over [0,4] with n = 4 yields Ay Su +2(0) +2(1) +2(4) +9) = 10 . The correct answer is (D). This sf) We integrate this from x = 0 10x = 2 function exe The correct answer is (B). By reading the graph, we can tell that Al2) < 0. Since there is a horizontal tangent line at x = 2, (2) = 0. f°Q) > Ohecause the curve is concave up at x = 2, Therefore, fi2) < f'Q) < f"Q). The correct answer is (C). This is a rather complicated w-substitution integration problem. If we let w Vi then du = The correct answer is (C). We dx dy need to determine & and © first de at dy de e Now, we integrate from x = 0 to 2 the square root of the sum of the dx dy squares of and vB aSection I, Part B 29. 30. 29.A 33.8 37.4 30.D 34.8 38. 31.8 35.8 39.D 32.4 36. ‘The correct answer is (A). If we let & = 2, the first series becomes yA poseries with p > 1. If k = 2, the = ay" second series becomes | — XG) converges since it is @ geometric series with R <1 and converges since it is a and The correct answer is (D). Begin by drawing @ diagram, You could use the shell method, but well use the washer method. Use vertical rectangles, since they are perpendicular to the horizontal axis of rotation. R(x) is the outer radius, and R(x) is the inner radius, Na-x -(-2)=Va-e +2 rx) = 0-(-2)=2 RG) Now, apply the washer method: af [RF - (ey ae af | [VIF +2) -4) a0 Use your graphing calculator to evaluate the integral will be 56234 The volume a. 32, 40. 43.8 4c 44.8 aA 45.8 The correct answer is (B). We must determine the second deriva- tive for each component: s10)=(€,cos21) /')=(2e¥,2sin21) r The correct answer Is (A). This is an integration by parts with a twist toward the end, Let's let w = sinx and dv = e dr, so (4 40082 Jersinxde Hsing — fet cons de We need to integrate by parts again. We'll let w= cosx and dv = & dx, continuing! Jersinzdx = e*sinx~€* cos Josinxar +e Here's the twist. Weare going to add J(e‘sinx) dx to both sides of the equa- afetsinxdr=et snr -e' coer +e To solve for f(esinx) dx, we will di vide both sides by 2: 1 fetsinade= et sinxtcns) 33, M4. The correct answer is (B). In or der to succeed with this problem, we must readily recognize slight varia tions of series that we have memo- rized previously. Remember the Maclautin series for cos: The series in this problem is the Ma- claurin series for cos2x. So, we being asked to determine at what x value the graphs of y = cos2x and y= 3x) = 2s? + 7 intersect, Our caleulators will tell us that happens when x = 1.186. The correct answer is (B). We going to determine the antideriva- tive of each component of the accel- eration vector, solve for the constants of integration, and plug and chug to determine the velocity vector when 1 = 1, First, we deal with the x com= ponent: vans 14m 2371 webs vwns Now, we do it all again for y med ws y@= Fi bl +e harte H nz=c, (= Lin |r| 202 y= fools Zin2 v6=bi [ije2n2 2in2 3 we that 2In: Note that 31 (by log properties). Finally, the velocity vector of the particle when ¢ = Tis (2.4) 35. The correct answer is (B). To find he average rate of change of a fune- tion over an interval, we need the slope ofthe secant Tine over thet in- terval Sl) fla) 36, The correct answer is (E). We seed to find the equation for the tan- gent line of the graph at x = 2 and caleulator to determine Where that line crosses the x-axis Remember, to write an equation for 8 tangent line, we need a point on the line and the slope of the line, Since 2) = 4, 2,4) is on the line. The slope SG) 44 fa) Using point-slope form, =4= 86-2) power