Analysis of a G+15 building using SAP 2000 Version 17.

Plan of the building (Bay width of 5m in both directions)

Start
Click on the SAP 2000 icon

Setting units
Set unit as kN, m, C as shown in the drop down box
New model
Go to FileNew model select templates as Grid Only.
New model
Go to FileNew model select templates as Grid Only.

Grid data
For the building considered the number of grid lines required in X direction is 5, in Y direction is
5 and in the Z direction is 17. Grid spacing in X direction is 5, in Y direction is 5 and Z direction
is 3.5. say OK.
.
Defining materials
Go to Define Materials Add new material. Concrete and assign grade.
Similarly do for other material properties, i.e for rebar and steel for reinforcement and braces

Material property – Concrete Material property - Rebar

Defining sections
Go to Define section property Frame section Add new property.
Select frame section type as concrete Click on rectangular section.
Type section name as BEAM with width as 0.45m and 0.6 depths, similarly for columns depth as
1.2 and width as 1.2 (for COLUMNS).
Assigning sections
To assign beams and columns go to DRAW and select QUICK DRAW FRAME option
in plan view, or click on the icon shown below

In the Section option select the required property and Drag with the help of mouse on the plan
view of level at top to assign the beams, similarly go in elevation and repeat for columns
 To apply the beams on all levels go to SELECT then PROPERTIES then FRAME
PROPERTIES then beams.
Then go to EDIT use REPLICATE option to copy the same beam properties for all
levels. Similarly do it for columns.
Support conditions
Select nodes at Z=0.
Now go to Assign  Joint Restraints

Load Calculations

Slab load .15 x 25 3.75 kN/m2

Floo Finish Assumed 1 kN/m2

Wall load (3.5-0.6) x 0.23 x 20 13.34 kN/m
Parapet wall load 1 x 0.15 x 20 3 kN/m

Floor Live Assumed 3 kN/m2

Roof live Assumed 1.5 kN/m2

Seismic Parameters
Zone IV z = 0.16
Importance factor 1

Response Reduction Factor 5

Soil type II
Defining load patterns
Click on DefineLoad patterns. Note there will a default load pattern i.e,
Load pattern nameDEAD, Type DEAD, Self-weight multiplier1.
For dead load due to slab, Load pattern name DEAD SLAB, TypeSUPER DEAD,
Self-weight multiplier0, then click on Add new load pattern.
For live loads, Load pattern name LIVE, TypeLIVE, Self-weight multiplier0, then
click on Add new load pattern.
For live loads, Load pattern name LIVE ROOF, TypeROOF LIVE, Self-weight
multiplier0, then click on Add new load pattern. Say OK.
For Seismic loads, Load pattern name EQX in x direction, TypeQuake, Self-weight
multiplier0, Auto lateral load pattern  IS 1893 2002 then click on Add new load pattern.
Say OK.
Similarly, Load pattern for dead load due to infill walls is also defined. The estimation of loads
in case of gravity load analysis and seismic analysis is different hence load pattern for each
analysis is considered separately.
Similarly do it for all load Patterns.Note wall loads should be applied as Uniform load.
Assigning constraints
To incorporate rigid floor action, select all the nodes at first floor level either by clicking or by
windowing. Now go to Assign  Joint Constraints.
Go to Define Function  Response Spectrum

Type function name as RSP,

Function Damping ratio as 0.05, seismic zone factor Z of 0.16 and soil type as II i.e; considering
medium soil. The software is allowed to generate the Period and respective acceleration by itself.

Go to DefineLoad casesAdd new loadSelect load case type as Response

spectrumType Load case name as EQ-X, Modal combination as CQC, Load
typeAcceleration, Load name as U1, Function as RSP, Scale factor as 0.15696 (i.e. ZI/2R x
9.81) Add OK.
Similarly
Go to DefineLoad casesAdd new loadSelect load case type as Response
spectrumType Load case name as EQ-Y, Modal combination as CQC, Load
typeAcceleration, Load name as U2, Function as RSP, Scale factor as 0.15696 (i.e. ZI/2R x
9.81) Add OK.
Defining mass sources
Go to Define Mass Source
Use factor 1 for all the load cases of Dead load and appropriate factor for Live load based on
codal provisions. Do not consider Roof live load.
Run analysis
Go to Analyze Run Analysis  Run Now.

Output
Go to Display Show tables Structural Output Base Reactions
 Note the Base Shear (VBX) in X Direction (Global FX force EQ-X load case) and Base
Shear (VBY) in Y Direction (Global FY force for EQ-Y load case). If difference is observed then
change the modification factor by knowing the Base reactions of EQX, EQY, RSP X and RSP Y
Sap2000 output(After modification of factor)

Concrete Frame Design

Go to DesignConcrete frame designView/Revise Preferences, Select Design Code as
Indian IS 456-2000 and say OK.

Go to DesignConcrete frame designSelect Design Combo, A dialogue box will open,

Select all the combination defined previously.
Go to DesignConcrete frame designStart Design/Check of Structure, this will start the
frame design process. When the design is finished, the area of longitudinal bar required is
displayed on the screen.
Part – III Pushover analysis
Assigning Default Hinges
For this go to Select  SelectSelect lines parallel toCoordinate axis or plane and select
all the beams.
All the beams gets highlighted then go to Assign FrameHinges

The hinges are to be assigned at relative distance of 0 and 1. For Beams M3 hinges and for
columns P-M2-M3 hinges are used.
Defining Pushover Cases
Go to Define  Load CaseAdd New Load Case
Define a name (PUSH_GRAV) and apply loads and define other parameters as shown
Go to Define  Load CaseAdd New Load Case
Define a name (Push_X), Define mode proportional load case. Continue from state at End of
Nonlinear States i.e. PUSH_GRAV, and apply loads and define other parameters as shown.
Non linear parameters
Similarly define mode proportional analysis in Y direction. Repeat the cases for negative
direction (Use scale factor -1).
Note: Run the Response Spectrum analysis, Design the concrete frame and then run the
PUSHOVER CASES.
Output
Go to Display  Static Pushover Curves

Capacity spectrum curve is same for X and Y since plan is symmetric.

Note down the Displacement, base Shear and all other parameters for the obtained performance
point.

The Hinge Formation