DESIGN OF GAP SLAB

DESIGN DATA

SUPERSTRUCTURE DETAILS
Span (C/C of Expansion Joint) = 4.504 m
Width of bearing at each end = 0.3 m
Overall Thickness of Deck Slab, D = 0.4 m
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Overall Width of Deck  = 12.5 m
Carriageway Width = 11.5 m

MATERIAL DETAILS
Grade of Concrete = M 35
Grade of Steel  = Fe  500
3
Unit Weight of Concrete = 2.5 t/m
3
Unit Weight of Wearing Coat = 2.2 t/m

MISCELLANEOUS DETAILS
Wearing Coat Thickness = 0.065 m
Width of Crash Barrier  = 0.500 m
Width of RCC Railing  = 0.000 m
Expansion Joint  = 20 mm

0.500 0.500
11.500

12.5

0.4

0.3 3.884
4.184
4.50
ANALYSIS

Analysis has been done cosidering unit width of slab
Hence, width of slab, b = 1.0 m

Effective Span, lo = Min of C/C distance between bearings AND (l+d) 
(Cl. 7.6.2.1, IRC:112‐2011)
Where, 
l = Clear Span between supports = 3.884 m
d = Effective Depth = 0.352 m
l + d = = 4.236 m
and,  C/C of bearings = 4.184 m

Therefore,  Effective Span, lo = 4.184 m

Analysis: Dead Load (DL)

2
C/S Area, A = b x D = 0.40 m
UDL, w = A x Unit Wt.of concrete = 1 t/m

4.484

1 t/m

4.184
Ra = 2.2 Rb = 2.2

FBD for Simply Supported Slab of unit width due to DL

Reaction at supports due to DL (Annexure I) = 2.2 t
Shear at distance effective depth from face of support = 1.9 t
Maximum Bending Moment at mid‐span due to DL (Annexure I) = 2.177 t‐m

Analysis: Super‐imposed Dead Load (SIDL)
Crash Barrier:
Dispersed Width of Crash Barrier weight (0.5+Thk of slab) = 0.900 m 
Crash Barrier Weight (Annexure II) = 0.7 t/m
Therefore, Crash Barrier UDL = 0.8 t/m
 4.484

0.8 t/m

4.184
Ra = 1.7 Rb = 1.7
FBD for Simply Supported Slab of unit width due to SIDL

Reaction at supports due to SIDL (Annexure I) = 1.7 t
Shear at distance effective depth from face of support = 1.4 t
Maximum Bending Moment at mid‐span due to SIDL (Annexure I) = 1.7 t‐m

Analysis: Surfacing (Wearing Coat)
Wearing Coat
UDL due to Wearing Coat = 0.065 x 1 x 2.2 = 0.200 t/m

Reaction at supports due to Surfacing (Annexure 1) = 0.4 t
Shear at distance effective depth from face of support = 0.3 t
Maximum Bending Moment at mid‐span due to SIDL (Annexure I) = 0.4 t‐m

Analysis: Live Load (LL)

Dispersion of Load across the Span:
Effective Width (Cl. B3.2, Informative Annexure B‐3, IRC: 112‐2011 )
Width of slab effective in resisting the bending moment due to the concentrated loads is, 

beff = α . a . (1 ‐ a/lo) + b1

where, 
beff = the effective width of slab on which the load acts
lo = effective span
a = the distance of the c.g. of the concentrated load from the nearer support.
b1 = the breadth of the concentrated area of the load i.e the dimension of the wheel in 
transverse direction + twice the thick. of wearing coat above the structural slab
α = constant depending on ( total width of slab (b) /lo)

Therefore, 
lo = 4.184 m
α = 3.00 ( For b / lo  = 12.5 / 4.184 = 2.988 )
LL Analysis for Maximum Bending Moment
70RT 

Length of each track (parallel to span) = 4.57 m
Width of each track (across the span) = 0.84 m
C/C Distance between tracks (across the span) = 2.06 m
Clear distance from crash‐barrier to track edge = 1.2 m

Live Load Position for Maximum Bending Moment (BM) at Mid‐span  CG of 70RT at 
=
of Slab Midspan of Slab 

70RT

4.57

4.184

LL Position for Maximum Bending Moment at Mid‐span and corresponding UDL:

Dispersion width 

Span (Cl. B3.3, 
IRC: 112‐2011)
Width along 

Width along 
Span (w.r.t. 
across span 

Availability)
availability)
Dispersion 

Dispersion 
(w.r.t. 
Load 
LL a b1 α beff beff /2
intensity

t m m m m m m m t/m
70 2.092 0.970 3.00 4.11 2.05 6.168 5.5 4.184 2.67

2.06 0.42 1.20 0.50

beff/2 2.06 Minimum of 0.42+1.2+0.5=2.12 

& beff/2
Dispersion across span
 CARRIAGEWAY

0.84 0.84

Effective Width of Dispersion

a

along span
4.57 1.2 0.50

SPAN

2.06 Minimum of 0.42+1.2+0.5=2.12 
& beff/2

Effective Width of Dispersion across span

Dispersion across & along span

2.67

0 4.184 0

4.184
FBD for Simply Supported Slab of unit width due to LL 70RT

Reaction at supports due to 70RT LL  = 5.59 t
Moment at Mid‐span due to 70RT LL  = 5.85 t‐m

70RW

Length of each wheel (parallel to span) = 0.263 m
Width of each wheel (across the span) = 0.81 m
C/C Distance between wheel (across the span) = 1.93 m
Clear distance from crash‐barrier to wheel edge = 1.2 m
 1.93 0.43 1.2 0.500

beff/2 1.93 Minimum of 0.43+1.2+0.5=2.13 

& beff/2

CARRIAGEWAY

a 0.81 0.81

0.263

1.20 0.50

SPAN
1.93 Minimum of 0.43+1.2+0.5=2.13 
& beff/2

Dispersion across & along span

17 17 0 0 0 #VALUE!

1.80 ‐2.90 0.00 0.00 #VALUE!

1.10

4.184

4.48
Live Load Position for Maximum Bending Moment (BM) at Mid‐span: 

Dispersion width 

Span (Cl. B3.3, 
IRC: 112‐2011)
Width along 

Width along 
Span (w.r.t. 
across span 

Availability)
availability)
Dispersion 

Dispersion 
(w.r.t. 
Load 
LL a b1 α beff beff /2
intensity

t m m m m m m m t/m
17 1.100 0.940 3.000 3.372 1.686 5.302 1.193 1.193 2.687
17 1.284 0.940 3.000 3.610 1.805 5.540 1.193 1.193 2.572

2.687 2.572 0.000 0.000 0.000 #VALUE!

4.184
4.48

Maximum Reaction at support due to 70RW LL = 3.823 t
Moment at Mid‐span due to 70RW LL  = 3.24 t‐m

40TB

Length of each wheel (parallel to span) = 0.263 m
Width of each wheel (across the span) = 0.81 m
C/C Distance between wheel (across the span) = 1.93 m
Clear distance from crash‐barrier to wheel edge = 1.2 m

1.93 0.43 1.2 0.500

beff/2 1.93 Minimum of 0.43+1.2+0.5=2.13 

& beff/2
 CARRIAGEWAY

a 0.81 0.81

0.263

1.20 0.50

SPAN
1.93 Minimum of 0.43+1.2+0.5=2.13 
& beff/2

Dispersion across & along span

20 20 0 0 0 #VALUE!

1.22 ‐2.15 0.00 0.00 #VALUE!

0.93

4.184

4.48

Live Load Position for Maximum Bending Moment (BM) at Mid‐span: 
Dispersion width 

Span (Cl. B3.3, 
IRC: 112‐2011)
Width along 

Width along 
Span (w.r.t. 
across span 

Availability)
availability)
Dispersion 

Dispersion 
(w.r.t. 

Load 
LL a b1 α beff beff /2
intensity

t m m m m m m m t/m
20 0.930 0.940 3.000 3.110 1.555 5.040 1.193 1.193 3.326
20 2.034 0.940 3.000 4.076 2.038 6.006 1.193 1.193 2.791
 3.326 2.791 0.000 0.000 0.000 #VALUE!

4.184
4.48

Maximum Reaction at support due to 70RW LL = 4.513 t
Moment at Mid‐span due to 70RW LL  = 4.509 t‐m

LL Analysis for Maximum Shear Force

70RT

Live Load Position for Maximum Shear Force (SF)  = Tail of Vehicle at deff from support

d+(0.3)/2 = 0.502 70RT

4.57

4.184
Dispersion width 

Span (Cl. B3.3, 
IRC: 112‐2011)
Width along 

Width along 
Span (w.r.t. 
across span 

Availability)
availability)
Dispersion 

Dispersion 
(w.r.t. 

Load 
LL a b1 α beff beff /2
intensity

t m m m m m m m t/m
70 2.594 0.970 3.00 3.93 1.96 5.99 5.5 4.184 2.75

2.75

4.184

Ra = 5.76 t
Rb = 5.76 t
Maximum Reaction at Support = Ra = 5.76 t
Shear Force at distance of eff. depth, d from face of support = 4.79 t
40TB
Live Load Position for Maximum Shear Force (SF) at deff: 
20 20 0 0 0 0

1.22 ‐1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.03

4.184
4.48

Span (Cl. B3.3, 
IRC: 112‐2011)
width across 

Width along 

Width along 
Span (w.r.t. 
span (w.r.t. 

Availability)
availability)
Dispersion 

Dispersion 

Dispersion 
Load 
LL a b1 α beff beff /2
intensity

t m m m m m m m t/m
20 0.030 0.940 3.000 1.029 0.515 2.059 1.193 0.6265 15.507
20 1.250 0.940 3.000 3.570 1.785 5.500 1.193 1.193 3.048

15.507 3.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

4.184
4.48
Maximum Reaction at support due to 70RW LL = 11.365 t
Shear Force at distance of eff. depth, d from face of support = 5.800 t

Summary 
Force/Mo Governing 
DL SIDL Surfacing  70RT IF 70RW IF 40tb
ments LL with IF
Shear Force  Moment at 
Maximum  Maximum 

Midspan

2.2 1.7 0.4 5.8 1.25 3.2 1.25 4.5 7.3

at d

1.9 1.4 0.3 4.8 1.25 0.0 1.25 5.8 7.3

SUMMARY OF FORCES & PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS FOR DESIGN
Partial Safety Factors
UNFACTORED 
ULS SLS
FORCES
(Structural Strength) (Serviceability)
Quasi‐
ITEM Bending 
Basic  Accidental  Rare  Frequent  permanen
Moment  Shear 
Combinati Combinati Combinati Combinati t 
at Mid‐ Force at d
on on on on Combinati
span 
on

DL 2.2 1.9 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

SIDL 
(Crash  1.7 1.4 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Barrier)

Surfacing 
(Wearing  0.4 0.3 1.75 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.20
Coat)

LL 7.3 7.3 1.50 0.75 1.00 0.75 0.00

Factored Bending Moment and Shear Force
Factored Bending Moment  16.955 9.790 11.705 9.877 4.393
Factored Shear Force 15.863 9.029 10.911 9.098 3.661

REINFORCEMENT 

Min. Reinforcement in main direction as pert Cl. 16.6.1.1 (2), IRC: 112‐2011
Min. Reinforcement in transverse direction (distribution) as pert Cl. 16.6.1.1 (3), IRC: 112‐2011

Reinforce Reinforcement Provided 
ment 
Location
(Ast)  Ast 
Required Bar ‐ 1 Spacing Bar ‐ 2  Spacing
provided
Along the Span 
At Bottom Face (Main reinf.) 1162.189 16 100 0 100 2010.619
At Top Face  457.600 12 100 0 150 1130.973
Across the Span 
At Top/Bottom Face (Distribution reinf.) 290.547 12 200 0 200 565.487
Design Constants
fy = 500 MPa
fck = 35 MPa
Es = 200 GPa (Cl. 6.2.2, IRC: 112-2011)
Ecm = 31 Gpa (Table 6.5, IRC: 112-2011) m1 = 6.4516
D (top) = 0.400 m
d (top) = 0.352 m

Check for Strength {ULS: Basic Combination (Max Bending Moment)}
Xu,max/d Rlim dmin pt,req/100 R pt,lim Xu
0.0035/ Xu,max d
Section 0.362*fck*(Xu,max/d) dprovided 2 Ast,req 41.61*(fck/fy) Ast,lim Ast,provided Check (0.87*fy*Ast)/ Check
(0.0055+ (m) √(Mu/Rlim *b) (Check) Ast,req/bd Mu/bd
*(1-0.416Xu,max/d) *(Xu,max/d) (0.362*fck*b)
0.87Fy/Es)

Mid Span 0.456 0.161 4.682 190.303 352.000 OK 0.003 1.368 1162.19 1.328 4675.5 2010.619 OK 69.031 Under-reinf

Check for Shear {ULS: Basic Combination (Max Shear Force as per Clause 10.3.2 & 10.3.3 of IRC: 112‐2011)}
K αcc ϒm fcd σcp ρ1 VRd.c1 Vmin VRd.c2 VEd

Section Ved 1+√(200/d)  Ned Ned/Ac Asl Asl/(bw.d) (0.12*K*(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33 0.031*K3/2*f (vmin+0.15.σc VRd.c 0.5*bw*d*0.6*(1- Check
Cl. 6.4.2.8 αcc*fck/ϒm
<=2 <=0.2*fcd <=0.02 +0.15*σcp)*bw.d ck1/2 p)bw.d fck/310)*fcd

deff from Shear Reinf not

15.863 1.754 0.670 1.500 15.633 0 0.000 2010.619 0.006 18.493 0.426 14.993 18.493 146.449
support reqd

Check for Maximum Shear capacity
 = 0.5 sin-1 [ 2*VNS
z Vrdmax = cw * bw *
Section Ved bw cw 1 Check / (cw * bw * z * v1 * θadopted
z * 1 * fcd /2
0.9*d fcd) ]
Support 15.863 1000 316.800 1.000 0.532 134.357 OK 3.390 22

Check for Stresses (SLS: Rare & Quasi‐Permanent Combination)
Rare Combination Quasi Permanent Combination
m Xu 2nd MOI, Icr Comp Tensile Comp Tensile
Permissi Permissib
Stress, Stress, Stress, Permissible Stress,
ble le
Concrete Steel Concrete Steel
Section Moment Moment
(-m*Ast+ Check Check Check
Min of b*Xu3/3+m*Ast*(d- (Ton-m) m*M*(d- (Ton-m) m*M*(d-
2* 2
√(m Ast +2*b*d*m*A M*Xu/Icr 0.48*fck 0.60*fy M*Xu/Icr 0.36*fck
m1/m2 Xu)^2 Xu)/Icr Xu)/Icr
st))/b

Mid Span 6.452 83.467 1.13E+09 11.705 8.65 16.8 OK 179.58 300 OK 4.393 3.247 12.6 OK 67.39
Check for Crack Width (SLS: Frequent Combination)
Check for Crack Width in Concrete (Clause 12.3.3, IRC: 112‐2011)
Ast,min fct,eff kc σc
Section Ast, provided fctm Max of 2.9 0.4[1- h h* k1 k Xu h-Xu Act Check
kc*k*fct,eff*Act/σs or fctm σc/(k1.(h/h*).fct,eff)]<=1
NEd/bh

Mid Span 2010.619 431.520 2.5 2.9 0.4 0.400 0.4 1.5 0 0.930 200.000 200.000 200000 OK

Calculation of Crack Width (Clause 12.3.4, IRC: 112‐2011)
c k1 k2 ρρ.eff Sr,max εsm-εcm Wk
Section 5 (c+φ/2) Check σsc kt fct,eff (σsc-kt (fct,eff/ρρ.eff)* 0.6*σsc/Es Sr,max* (εsm- Check
Cover 0.8 or 1.6 0.5 or 1.0 As/Ac,eff (3.4c+0.425k1k2φ)/ρρ.eff
(1+αe.ρρ.eff))/Es εcm)

Mid Span 40 240 OK 0.8 0.5 0.017 298.338 67.39 0.5 2.9 -0.00014 0.000202 0.060 OK

Check for Deflection (SLS: Frequent Combination) (Cl. 12.4, IRC: 112‐ 2011)

Item Deflection (mm) Partial Safety Factors for IF

Frequent Combination
LL (STAAD) 1.99 0.75 1.25 0.009226
Factored Deflection 1.86

Span(m) 4.504 m
Permissible Deflection(mm) L/800 5.63 mm OK
 Design of Bracket

0.3
Span of Approach slab  = 4 m 
0.3 Thickness of Approach slab = 0.4 m
Width considered per meter = 1 m
Density of concrete = 2.5 t/cum
0.3
0.4 Live load = 70RT  one tyre load = 35t for 4.57m length
Effective width = 0.99 m
Load per sqm = 7.74 t/sqm
Reaction due to LL = 15.317 t

Design of Bracket over dirt wall for Corbel along Transverse Direction
Span Effective Vertical load Factor
a
Direction width DL SIDL LL DL LL
0.200 1.000 2.000 0.000 15.317 1.400 1.500

Horizontal Force Check for Nominal Strength

Vu
1.7 x Actual force 0.2 x Vu d f'c Vu / b d Check
25.776 14.72 5.16 0.250 28 1.031 OK

Direct
fsy  Avf Tension - Flexure Tension - Af Primary Tensile
At Reinforcement = Max of Provide Reinforcement

V u Hu [V u a + H u ( h - d' )] i. (Af + At)

N/ mm2 Type of ii. 2/3 Avf + At
Surface 0.85 fsy  0.85 fsy 0.85 fsy d iii. 0.04 fc / fsy b d' Diameter Spacing Check
500 1.4 368.2 346.35 554.463 900.81 12 100 OK

Horizontal Stirrups A h =
Provide Reinforcement
Max of
0.5 Af
0.3333 Avf Diameter Legged Layers Check
277.23 12 2 3 OK