CLAIRE FIRTH 32011871

ASSIGNMENT 6: ESSAY SAMPLE

Claire Firth 32011871

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

DISCUSSION 2

EXAMPLES 2

FORMAT 2

SUMMARY 3

INTRODUCTION

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The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in the social science disciplines. It is
formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows many similarities, but is unique in several key
points. This paper discusses the APA in detail. Addressing plagiarism has become a major challenge in
education and educating students in referencing correctly with the APA 6th is one way of trying to overcome the
problem (Bretag, 2013; Hosny & Fatima, 2014)

DISCUSSION
APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the author's name and
page number, APA includes author's name and date of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a
pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name
is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the
name is not mentioned include the author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And,
if you use a direct quote, place the page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

EXAMPLES

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (2007) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However, it has been pointed out that
the research was conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong & Porter, 1998) All of the interviewees
have been called “exceptions to the norm” (Strong & Porter, 1998).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second example paraphrases
authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of
the page numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified
within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be followed by the year of publication and
only the page numbers would be in the parentheses at the end of the quote.

FORMAT

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the Reference page. You will
notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of
the author's first name rather than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the
author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks. The lists are
still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an author) and the first line is flush left
while subsequent lines in the same entry are indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good
resource to help you with referencing is Notre Dame’s referencing guide at
http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also a summary
downloadable help document available at: http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In
APA Style, you include a reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (American
Psychological Association, 2018). A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper
whereas a bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an
annotated description of each one.

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SUMMARY

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6 th referencing style for all written
documents. In addition to in text referencing and the reference list there are a number of formatting
requirements to ensure your essay complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6 th.

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REFERENCE:

American Psychological Association. (2018). Quick Answers—References. Retrieved from

https://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-references

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Medicine, 10(12),

e1001574. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001574

Hosny, M., & Fatima, S. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and plagiarism:

University case study. Journal of Applied Sciences (Asian Network for Scientific

Information), 14(8), 748-757.

Strong, R. L., & Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. In S. Parker, & K. Gibson
(Eds.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-578). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Unbiversity
Press.

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