MID-TERM REPORT ON SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT

SJVN LIMITED SHIMLA

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electrical Engineering)

SUBMITTED BY

(Dishant)

University Roll No: 1501005002

DATE- 28/02/2019

School of Engineering Technology

RAYAT BAHRA UNIVERSITY
MOHALI, INDIA

i
ii
 DECLARATION

I,Dishant; a student of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering; bearing Enrollment

number 1501005002 , hereby declare that I own the full responsibility for the information,
results etc. provided in this training report titled SJVN Limited Shimla submitted to Rayat
Bahra University for award degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering. I have
taken care in all respect to honor the intellectual property right and have acknowledged the
contribution of others for using them in this academic purpose. I further declare that in case
of any violation of intellectual property right or copyright, I as the candidate will be fully
responsible for the same. My Supervisor, Head of Department and the Institute Head should
not be held for any violation of copyright, if found at any stage of my degree.

Signature of Student

Dishant

Enrollment Number -1501005002

This is to certify that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date: 28/02/2019 Signature of Supervisor(s)

Place: Mohali Er. Sonal Sood

[Assistant Professor]

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 CERTIFICATE

Certified that the training report entitled SJVN Limited submitted by Dishant, Enrollment
number 1501005002 in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering of Rayat Bahra University, is a record of
student’s own work carried under my supervision and guidance. To the best of our
knowledge, this training report has not been submitted to Rayat Bahra University or to any
other University or institute for award of any other degree. It is further understood that by
this certificate the undersigned do not endorse or approve any statement made, opinion
expressed or conclusion drawn herein, but approve the training report only for the purpose
for which it is submitted.

Signature of Supervisor Signature of Head of Department

Er.Sonal Sood Er. Ravikant

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great thanks to many people who helped and supported me during completion of this
thesis work. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Er. Sonal
Sood Department of electrical engineering Rayat Bahra University for her continuous support
during my training, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. She
has taken pain to go through the training and make necessary corrections as and when
needed.

I would also like to thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this training
report would have been a distant reality; I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and
well-wishers.

Finally, my greatest regards to the almighty for bestowing upon me the courage to face the
complexities of life and complete this training work successfully.

Signature of Student

Dishant

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 INDEX

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

Basic Design of Hydro Project 1

Introduction to SJVNL 2

Description of NATHPA JHAKRI PROJECT 2

(Intake structure)

Description of NATHPA JHAKRI PROJECT 4

(Desilting Chamber)

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BASIC DESIGN OF THE HYDEL PROJECT

LAYOUT PLAN

1
INTRODUCTION TO SJVNL

The Satluj JaL Vidut Nigam Limited SJVNL (formally Nathpa Jhakri power corporation
limited - NJPC) was incorporated on 24th may 1988 as a joint venture of Govt. of India and
Govt. Of Himachal Pradesh plan investigate , organize , execute , operateand maintain Hydro
Electric Power Project in the Satluj River . Nathpa Jhakri ( 6x 250MW ) is the largest hydro -
electric project in India. A comparison with other comparable projects ( single power station
of 500MW and above ) in India. Total capacity of this project is 1500 MW. Itis having 6 units
of 250 MW capacity of each. The 1500MW
Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Project is the largest under ground hydro
project in the country and is the first project undertaken by SJVNL for execution. Different
states to which the balance power is allocated are Himachal Pradesh , Haryana , Jammu &
Kashmir, Punjab, Rajsthan,Utter Pradesh, Chandigarh and Delhi.The approved cost of the
project was Rs. 7666.31 crores with completion cost of 8058.34 crores. On completion the
project had cost Rs. 9083 crores.

DESCRIPTION OF NATHPA JHAKRI

PROJECT
INTAKE STRUCTURE

The main components of this project are:

 A 67.5 m high diversion dam on the Satluj River.
 An underground desilting complex

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  A 27.4 m long head race tunnel.
 A 301 m deep surge shaft.
 Steel lined pressure shaft.
 Underground power house and transformer hall.

Nathpa jhakri project salient features:-

It has a 62.50 m high concrete gravity dam at Nathpa village of Kinnaur district of
Himachal Pradesh and it divert 486 cumecs of water through 4 Nos. power Intakes
Underground Desilting chamber 4 Nos. each of 525m long, 16.31 m wide and 27.50
m deep which is the largest underground complex for desiltation of water in the
World.
A head race tunnel of 10.15 m dia. And 27.39km long which is the longest power
tunnel in the world and terminates to 21.6m/ 10.2m diameter
It has the deepest surge shaft which is 301m deep.
There are three circular steel lined pressure shafts each of 4.9 m dia.And 571 m to 622
m length which feed six generating units.
The six generating units with Francis turbine of 250 MW and utilize a design
discharge of 405 cumecs and a design head of 428 m.
The discharge tubes to the collection gallery for discharging the water back into the
river through the 10.15 m dia and 982 m long tail race tunnel.
The project has an underground Transformer hall and Powerhouse. There is a Surface
Switch Yard for evacuation of powerthrough two no. of transmission lines.

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 DESCRIPTION OF NATHPA JHAKRI
PROJECT-DESILTING CHAMBERS
FOUR NUMBER UNDER GROUND EGG SHAPED, EACH
525M LONG, 16.31 M WIDE & 27.5 M HIGH
{One of the largest Desilting Chambers in the World}

DESCRIPTION OF NATHPA JHAKRI PROJECT-. SURGE SHAFT

Type-restricted orifice with pond at top and a lower expansion galleryheight-301 mdiameter-
21.6 m for 210 m height-10.2 m for connecting shaft 86 m
{deepest surge shaft 301m deep}

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DAM:

The function of the dam is not only to raise the water surface to create artificial head but also
to provide the poundage. Storage and facility for diversion into conduit. The dam is straight
gravity type dam having the height 62.5 m on Satluj River at Nathpa to divert 405 cumecs of
water through four intakes. The dam is most important part of the hydro electric project. It is
built of concrete or stone masonry on a rock hill.The length of the dam at the top is 170.2 m
consisting of 63 m as non over flow structure and 88.2 m as sluice block section with each
having the size 7 x 7.35 m With crest 1458.0 m. Catchment area of the dam 49820 sq.km.
Design Flood 5660 cumecs. Maximum water level 1495.50 m.Minimum water level 1474.00
m.
1) Selection Of Dam:
Selection of dam to be constructed at a particular site depends upon topography, Foundation
survey , soil condition and other characteristic of the location . The foundation of the dam must
be sufficiently strong to withstand the weight of the structure, water pressure etc. without
crushing , sliding or permitting movement of the structure .The foundation of the dam should
be sufficient impervious so that there will be no objectionable passage of water.
2) Spill Way Gates:
There are two spill way gates on the dam situated at Nathpa on Satluj River. These act as a
safety valve. It discharges the overflow water to outside the dam when reservoir is full . This
condition arises during flood. These gates can be opened and shut automatically when water
overflows of the level and closes when water reaches in the level.

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3) Radial Gates:

There are five radial gates

in the dam located in the
lowest point of the dam.
Radial gates are always
closed. They can be opened
only in condition when
trees come in dam or
reservoir due to flood. All these things can be discharged through these gates. So radial gates
can be opened in these conditions.
4) Intake Gates:

Intake structure comprises of four

intakes of about 500 m long these
inlets of river has been designed
to handle a discharge of 846
cumecs. Intake gates are trash
racks type. The suitable opening
of 19.26 m * 15.7 m at the start
of the base is reduced to 6m*5.2m through a suitable transition. A continuous skimmer wall
with top at EL. 1468.73 m is madein front of all the four intake gates to restrict the entry of
sediments into the intakes. An opening provided in the skimmer at the downstream enthrough
which the bigger sediments are flushed out. Through four intake gates the water goes to
desilting chamber.

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POWER HOUSE:

Nathpa Jhakri project has an underground power house with internal dimensions 222 m* 20 m
and 29 m high located at 200 m below the natural earth level . The main access tunnel to the
power house is 731.5 m long .The power house has an arched roof with concrete lining.The
main inlet valve has also been provided at an EL. 982.5
The power house has four floors .

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The turbine floor is at an EL. 990 m . The main auxiliaries in this floor are Governor , Oil
cooler , Brake Dust Collector , Oil Vapour Collector , Secondary water pump and the turbine
pit . The turbine is coupled with Generator with the help of the shaft.
The generator floor is at an EL. Of 995 m here we also have Unit Auxiliary Board,
Temperature measuring gauges, the Excitation Transformer for providing the Starting torque
to start the generator and the 220 V battery room.
Service Bay Floor at an EL. Of 1000.5m from here the functioning of generating units is
controlled with the help of operating system .
MIV Floor is the lowermost floor of the power house. It contain six individual MIVs, each
weighing 92 tonnes and being controlled by the lifting of a counter weight 76 tonnes by means
of a servomotor which is operated hydraulically.
The construction cum downstream Surge gallery is provided to reach the tail race and to
facilitate the excavation of the machine hall , the tail race and pressure shaft.

Block diagram of power station

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Francis turbine:

The Turbine used here is the “ VERTICAL FRANCIS TURBINE ” means the rotating parts
of the unit have a vertical axis of rotation. This turbine belongs to the reaction turbine family.
The water is under pressure as it enter the runner and completely fills all its channel as it
passes through . The head for the Francis turbine is usually between that of Kaplan ( low
head ) turbines and that of Pelton (high head) turbines.

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10
TURBINE FUNCTION:
The water from the penstock enter the spiral casing. In the spiral casing , the water is spread
around the whole circumference by stay vanes , and is lead in towards the guide apparatus. The
guide apparatus has movable vanes , which are controlled by the governor and can be set
independent of output. After this impact the water continues in the Draft Tube and out the tail
race tunnel. The effect is transferred from the Runner
to the Generator, which is directly connected to the Turbine Shaft. The turbine develops the
power partly due to the velocity of the water and due to difference in pressure acting on the
front and back of Runner buckets such a Turbine essentially consist of guide apparatus
consisting of outer ring of stationary guide blades fixed to the casing of turbine and an inner
ring consist of rotating blade forming a wheel or a Runner. As the water passes over the rotating
blades of the Runner both pressure and velocity of the water reduced causing a reaction force
on the turbine.The guide blades of the turbine are pivoted about axis an parallel with turbine
axis so that quantity of the water entering in the turbine may be
regulated by turning them simultaneously in one direction or the other,their motion is
automatically controlled by Governor. Francis type turbines can be constructed in vertical or
horizontally but horizontal construction more accessible and have higher speed, but for large
machine vertical construction is preferred to effect higher speed. As compare to Pelton wheel
a Francis turbine offer advantage of high efficiency at full load and at 75% of full load . This
turbine can be designed fir higher speed than Pelton Wheel.The gross head of the turbine is
488m and design head is 425m.

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TURBINE COMPONENTS:

1) Rotating parts.
2) Turbine guide bearings.
3) Turbine upper and lower cover.
4) Guide vanes.
5) Governor (Regulating mechanism).
6) Spiral casing.
7) Draft tube.
8) Shaft seal.
9) Dewatering system.
1.) ROTATING PARTS :
There are mainly three rotating parts:
a) Runner.
b) Turbine shaft.
c) Oil slinger.

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a) Runner:

The new
runners for the
1,500 MW
Nathpa Jhakri
facility were
hard coated to
minimize
damage due to
erosive
abrasion. A
robot was used
to apply the
homogenous layer.

The Runner has been welded up from crown and band of stainless cast steel to Vanes from
stainless steel plates. The vanes have been machine worked. The crown band have “Roots”
towards the vanes.Air for stabilizing purpose is allowed through the Runner centre via the shaft
seal and drilled holes in the turbine shaft flange. The moment of force on the runner is
transferred to the turbine shaft through theshear pin connection. The coupling bolts between
the turbine shaft flange and the Runner are tensioned by means of hydraulic wrence.
b) Turbine Shaft:
The turbine shaft is made of SM steel with flanges hammered out at both ends. The turbine
shaft and generator shaft are connected by flanges. The connection primarily transfer the
moment of force through the shear studs.

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Francis Turbine Runner

c) Oil Slinger:
The Oil slinger is located below the turbine bearing and connected to the turbine shaft. Its
purpose is to collect the oil from turbinebearing and during operation bring the oil into rotation
inside the slingercylinder from where it is catched by the oil scraper and led to the oil coolerand
the bearing oil reservoir.
2.) Turbine Bearing :
Bearing Design:
The turbine bearing is radial vertical slide / guide bearing. Thebearing has a strong construction
and a simple manner of operation, whichrequire a minimum of maintenance. The bearing house
is split and attachedto the upper turbine cover. It has two manhole hatches for access and
inspection of shaft seal and pipe connections. The bearing shell consist of two segments, which
are bolted together and attached to the upper side
of the bearing house. The shell has four oil pockets and four babbit metal Surfaces with
machined wedge shaped entrances , which ensure a stable centering of The turbine shaft. The
bearing has been fitted with an inspection hatch ,dip stuck for oil slinger, Fluid level gauge for
bearing house, thermometers and level switches for surveillance. The bearing has been fitted
with external oil cooler. This is automatically put into Operation when the cooling water system
is started.
Bearing Function:
When the unit starts the oil slinger start rotating , oil is slung up into the cylinder section and
cover the vertical with a layer of oil. The thickness of this layer will be determined by the

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position of the oil scraper. The amount of the oil in the oil slinger is regulated by means of the
oil scraper, which is attached to the bearing shell When there is a sufficient
rotating speed , the damming up pressure become strong enough to force the oil up through the
ascending pipe through the oil cooler and out into the bearing house. From there the oil flows
down through the four windows in the bearing house cover and is spread out to the four oil
pockets in the bearing shell. A film of oil follow with the shaft in the wedge shaped entrance
on the bearing shell and builds up the guiding oil layer.

Turbine cover:-
The Turbine has two covers:
Upper cover and Lower cover: The upper cover is bolted to the spiral casing ring. It serves as
a bearing for the regulating ring and a support for the upper stationary labyrinth seal, turbine
inner cover with shaft seal as well for the longest trunnion of the guide vanes. The
interchangeable upper stationary labyrinth seal is made of forged steel and is bolted to the
cover.

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The lower turbine cover is bolted to the spiral casing stay ring. It serves as a support for the
short trunnion of the guide vanes, the lower stationary labyrinth seal and the draft tube cover.
Supporting sleeves of Aluminum Bronze for guide vane bearing have been installed. Corrosion
resistant austenite steel has been welded into the wearing Psurface of the lower turbine cover
between the wear ring and the lower labyrinth seal.
MIV (Main inlet valve) :-

MIV Fully Closed

MIV fully opened

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Servomotors:

They are usually two, each of which, worked by pressured oil according to the regulator
received orders, moves a great connecting rod, in inverse sense one to the other, as if they were
arms of a couple, providing a movement of alternative rotation to a mobile hoop, called ring or
distribution steering wheel, concentric with the turbine shaft

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 CONCLUSION

 As we know hydro-electricity power plant is one of the major conventional source of

energy. In Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Plant having energy production capacity of
1500mw,
 I Iearnt about how they are producing electricity and also I learnt how turbine and
MIV works.

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 REFERANCES

 Technical Diary of SJVN Limited.

 Bansal,RK(2010). A textbook of fluid mechanics and hydraulic mechanics(Revised
ninth ed.)

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