ChiCago School

-AR. LOUIS SULLIVAN

PRESENTED BY:-
 ORiginS
• ThiS SChool appeaRed afTeR The fiRe in ChiCago
ThaT CReaTed The need of Rebuilding The CiTy
• aRChiTeCTS weRe enCouRaged To build higheR
STRuCTuReS beCauSe of The eSCalaTing land
pRiCeS
• ConSCiouS of The poSSibiliTieS of The new
maTeRialS and STRuCTuReS They developed
buildingS in whiCh:
– iSolaTed fooTing SuppoRTed a SkeleTon of iRon
enCaSed
in maSonRy
– TheRe weRe:
• fiRepRoof flooRS,
• numeRouS faST elevaToRS and
• gaS lighT
– The TRadiTional maSonRy wall beCame CuRTainS,
full
of glaSS, SuppoRTed by The meTal SkeleTon
– The fiRST SkySCRapeRS weRe born

SouRCeS of The Style

• The louiSiana-boRn aRChiTeCT henRy hobSon
RiChaRdSon. alThough he waS TRained aT The ÉCole
deS beaux-aRTS in paRiS, RiChaRdSon RejeCTed The
ÉCole'S diCTum ThaT The gReek and Roman
ClaSSiCal STyle waS The ultimate STandaRd of
deSign. inSTead, hiS ideal waS The Rugged RomaneSque
of The SouTh of fRanCe.
• The SeCond SouRCe of STyle foR The aRChiTeCTS of
The fiRST ChiCago School deRived fRom The veRy
naTuRe of The maTeRial They So wholeheaRTedly
adopTed: STeel.

LOUIS Sullivan
.LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN WAS BORN TO A SWISS BORN
MOTHER , NEE ANDRIENNE LIST AND AN IRISH BORN FATHER,
PATRICK SULLIVAN, BOTH OF WHOM HAD IMMIGRATED TO
THE UNITES STATES IN THE LATE 1840 . HE LEAMED THAT
HE COULD BOTH GRADUATE FROM HIGH SCHOOL A YEAR
EARLY AND BYPASS THE FIRST TWO YEARS AT THE
MASSACHUSETTS INSTUTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BY PASSING A
SERIES OF EXAMINATIONS . ENTERING MIT AT THE AGE OF
16 , HE STUDIED ARCHITECTURE THEIR BRIEFLY . AFTER 1
YEAR OF STUDY HE MOVED TO PHILADELPHIA AND TOOK JOB
WITH ARCHITECT FRANK FAURNESS .

• Sullivan waS The main aRChiTeCT of ThiS

STyle
• Sullivan pRovided hiS building wiTh a fiRm
viSual baSe, TReaTed The inTeRmediaTe
offiCe flooRS aS a uniT, and CRowned The
whole wiTh a bold CoRniCe
• The deCoRaTive oRnamenTaTion deviSed
by Sullivan and uSed on Some of hiS
offiCe buildingS iS baSed on floRal
moTifS buT oRganized in a manneR
CloSely ReSembling The iRiSh inTeRlaCe
of The eaRly middle ageS
• Sullivan deSigned wiTh The pRinCipleS of
ReConCiling The woRld of naTuRe wiTh
SCienCe and TeChnology

ChaRaCTeRiSTiCS
• bold geomeTRiC faCadeS pieRCed with eiTheR aRChed
oR linTel-Type openingS.
• The wall SuRfaCe highlighTed with exTenSive low-
Relief SCulpTuRal oRnamenTaTion in TeRRa CoTTa.
• buildingS ofTen Topped wiTh deep pRojeCTing eaveS
and flaT RoofS.
• The mulTi-SToRy offiCe Complex highly RegimenTed
inTo SpeCifiC zoneS oR gRound SToRy, inTeRmediaTe
flooRS, and The aTTiC oR Roof.
• The inTeRmediaTe flooRS aRe aRRanged in veRTiCal
bandS. laRge aRChed window
• laRge aRChed window
• deCoRaTive TeRRa CoTTa panel
• deCoRaTive band
• veRTiCal STRipS of windowS
• pilaSTeR-like mullionS
• pRojeCTing eaveS (The undeR part of a Sloping Roof
oveRhanging a wall)
• highly deCoRaTed fRieze
• enRiChed foliaTed RinCeau (an oRnamenTal moTif of
SCRollS of foliage, uSually vine)
• poRThole windowS
• deCoRaTed TeRRa CoTTa SpandRelS
• CapiTal of pilaSTeR STRipS
• guilloChe (a paTTeRn of inTeRlaCing bandS forming
a plait and uSed aS an enRiChmenT on a moulding)
enRiChmenT
• foliaTed and lineaR enrichments along jambS oR
entry

ARChiTeCTS
• adleR
• Sullivan

• le baRon jenney

• buRham
• wellboRn RooT