INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR

Date FN/AN, Time: 3 Hrs., Full Marks: 120, · Dept.: AG, ME, NA
No. of Students: 38 Supplementary Examination 2013
Sub. No.: ME21101 Sub. Name: Fluid Mechanics
2"d Yr. B.Tech.(H)/B.Arch.(H)/M.Sc./M.Tech.(Dual)

Instructions: Attempt all questions. Symbols have their usual meanings. Please explain your work
carefully. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. Please state your assumptions clearly.

l. A horizontal water jet of velocity V1 = 10 m/s impinges normal to a vertical flat plate (see Figure 1).
The jet area is 3 cm • The density of water is 1000 kg/m 3. The jet splits into two after striking the plate,
2

and moves vertically upwards and downwards along the plate. Assume that the flow is steady and
inviscid. The effect of gravitational body force may be neglected.
(a) Choose an appropriate control volume, and carry out an integral analysis to determine the horizontal
force required to hold the plate in place. Clearly indicate your choice of control volume using dotted lines.
Show the forces acting on the fluid inside the control volume.
(b) Use Bernoulli's equation to determine the water velocity at the two exits of the jet, near the top and
bottom of the plate.
(c) Estimate the vertical force exerted by the water on the plate. 12+4+4=20 marks

2. Consider steady laminar incompressible flow of a constant-property Newtonian fluid between two large
horizontal plates (see Figure 2). The top plate moves to the right at a constant speed U. The bottom plate
moves to the left with a constant speed U. The distance between the plates is H. There is no externally
applied pressure gradient. Assume that the streamlines are parallel-to the moving plates.
(a) Choose an appropriate coordinate system, and write down the continuity and Navier-Stokes system of
equations.
(b) Starting with the Navier-Stokes system of equations, determine an ordinary differential equation for
the component of fluid velocity parallel to the plates.
(c) Write appropriate boundary conditions for solving the ordinary differential equation of part (b).
(d) Determine the solution of the ordinary differential equation of part (b), subject to the boundary
conditions of part (c). 5+7+2+6=20 marks

3. Water is flowing through a straight horizontal pipe with constant diameter of 2.5 em. The volumetric
flow rate is 4.8lxl0-4 m3/s. Density of water is 1000 kg/m 3 and dynamic viscosity is 8.93xl0-4 N.s/m 2 • (a)
Calculate the Reynolds number of the flow. (b) Is the flow laminar or turbulent? (c) What is the pressure
drop for a length of 100m given the Darcy's friction factor..f-=0.01.

5+3+12=20 marks

4. Oil with specific gravity 0.9 is restricted in a container by the wall and a square plate of dimension
0.6mx0.6m as shown in figure 3. Find out the (a) magnitude and (b) location of the resultant force on the
4
attached square plate. Area moment of inertia lxx is given by ( b I 12 ) where b is side of the square.

10+10=20 marks

5 (a) Use figure 4(a) and a well-defined appropriate control volume to show that the drag force F due to
flow over a flat plate of length x and width b is
F =b rrxdx = pb ru(u- U)dy
 (b) If the velocity profile inside the boundary layer is linear as shown in figure 4 (b), then show that for
laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid over a flat plate, the boundary layer thickness is

8=3.46JW.
10+10=20 marks

6. A tall structural component of a bridge has an elliptical cross section as shown in figure 5. It is known
that when a steady wind blows over a bluff body, vortices are developed on the downwind side and these
vortices are shed in a regular pattern at some defined frequency. The wind blows with velocity V = 50
krnlhr over the structural component with D = O.lm and H = O.Jm. The shedding frequency is to be
determined by doing water tunnel experiments on a scaled model of Dm = 20 mm. The properties of water
3 3
are p = I 000 kg 1m and J1 = 1X 10:-- kg lms. The properties for air are p = 1.2 kg/m 3 and J1 == 1.8x 10-5
kglm.s
(a) Find out the dimensionless frequency parameter and the other dimensionless parameters.
(b) Detennine the model dimension Hm and the water velocity Vm at which the water tunnel test is to be
performed.
(c) If the shedding frequency rom for the model is 49.9 Hz what is the corresponding frequency for the
prototype ? 8+6+6=20 marks
 Atmospheric
a1r
<- i

~Plate
~
y
Figure 3 for Q4.
u

r stre~ lJile. - - - - -
boundary layer o(X)
u(y)

Tw(X)
.....,::._

I Figure 4(a) for Q5. Figure 4(b) for Q5.

Figure 5 for Q6.