SHAWN LLOYD M.

FACINAL BS-PHARMACY-1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY May 07, 2019

ALCOHOL IUPAC NAME / METHOD OF PREPARATION CLASSIFICATION/PRO USES
PRODUCT/SYNONY STRUCTURAL FORMULA PERTIES
MS
1. Methyl Alcohol Methanol CH3OH 1. "Purum" quality (>99.0%). Colorless fairly Adhesives and
 wood alcohol Has commercial grade AA volatile liquid, sweet sealants, Agricultural
 carbinol methanol. Methanol has a pungent odor, products (non-
 67-56-1 purity of = 99.85%. 2. "Puriss. Miscible with water, pesticide), Fabric,
 Wood spirit p.a." quality (>99.8%). This soluble in acetone Textile, Leather
 Wood naphtha methanol has a certified and chloroform. The products, Industrial
 Methylol analytical quality with vapors are slightly waste management,
 Methyl specifications in terms of heavier than air and Reducing agent
hydroxide water content and may travel some
 Pyroxylic spirit evaporation residues. 3. distance to a source
 Colonial Spirit Highest purity, e.g., of ignition and flash
CHROMASOLV Methanol (= back. Any
 Columbian
99.9%). This methanol is accumulation of
Spirit
extremely pure and can be vapors in confined
 Monohydroxym
used for spectroscopic or spaces, such as
ethane
semiconductor applications. buildings or sewers,
 Methylalkohol
may explode if
ignited.
2. Ethyl Alcohol Ethanol There are two main processes for Colorless flammable Motor fuels, Gasoline
C2H5OH the manufacture of ethanol: the liquid, Toxic affecting production of
liquor, fermentation of carbohydrates to Nervous System (Gasohol),
intoxicating (the method used for alcoholic
Moderate amounts
liquor, beverages) and the hydration of
relax the muscles and
ethylene. Fermentation involves
alcoholic produce an apparent
the transformation of
drink, strong carbohydrates to ethanol by stimulating effect by
drink, drink, growing yeast cells. The chief raw depressing the
spirits, materials fermented for the inhibitory activities of
production of industrial alcohol the brain, but larger
intoxicants; are sugar crops such as beets and amounts impair
informalbooze sugarcane and grain crops such coordination and
, hooch, the as corn (maize). Hydration of
judgment, finally
hard stuff, ethylene is achieved by passing a
producing coma and
mixture of ethylene and a large
firewater. excess of steam at high death.
temperature and pressure over
an acidic catalyst.
3. Isopropyl Isopropyl alcohol (1) vapor-phase hydration Volatile, colorless Industrial solvent,
Alcohol, over a fixed-bed catalyst of liquid with a sharp rubbing alcohol,
 Isopopanol2- supported phosphoric acid or musty odor like making cosmetics, skin
Propanol silica-supported tungsten rubbing alcohol. and hair preparations,
 Isopropyl oxide with zinc oxide Flash point of 53°F. pharmaceuticals
alcohol promoter, (2) mixed vapor- Vapors are heavier perfumes, lacquer
 Propan-2-ol liquid-phase hydration at low than air and mildly formulations, dye
temperature and high irritating to the eyes, solutions, antifreezes,
pressure using a strongly acid nose, and throat. soaps, window
cation-exchange catalyst, and Density cleaners. Sold in 70%
(3) liquid-phase hydration at approximately 6.5 lb aqueous solution as
high temperature and high / gal. rubbing alcohol.
pressure in the presence of a
soluble tungsten catalyst.
SHAWN LLOYD M. FACINAL
4. Ethylene Glycol 1,2 Ethanediol
 1,2-ethanediol
 Ethane-1,2-diol
 107-21-1
 glycol
 2-hydroxyethanol
 Glycol alcohol
 Ethylene alcohol
 polyethylene
glycol
BS-PHARMACY-1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ethylene glycol is a 1,2-glycol
compound produced via
reaction of ethylene oxide
with water. It has a role as a
metabolite, a toxin, a solvent
and a mouse metabolite. It is
a glycol and an ethanediol.
May 07, 2019
Colorless, odorless, Used as an ingredient
viscous dihydroxy in hydraulic fluid,
alcohol. It has a printing inks, paint
sweet taste, but is solvent. Reagents in
poisonous if making polyester,
ingested. explosives, alkyds
resins, synthetic
waxes.

5. Diethylene 2-(2- Produced commercially as a Diethylene glycol Diethylene glycol is

Glycol hydroxyethoxy)ethanol by-product of ethylene glycol (DEG) is a colorless, used in gas
 2,2'- production. It can be odorless viscous and conditioning and in the
Oxydiethanol produced by reaction water-attracting permanent antifreeze
 111-46-6 between ethylene glycol and liquid with a sweet formulations; as a
 Diglycol ethylene oxide. tint. It is completely constituent of brake
 Bis(2- miscible with water. fluids, lubricants, mold
hydroxyethyl) release agents, and
ether inks; as a softening
 Diethylenglykol agent for textiles; as a
 2-Hydroxyethyl plasticizer for cork,
ether adhesives, paper,
packaging materials,
and coatings.
6. Ethyl Carbitol 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl Ethylene glycol esters are Colorless liquid, Cleaning and furnishing
 monoethyl acetate produced from reaction of bitter taste, sweet; care products
ether acetate ethylene oxide and an hedonic tone: Electrical and
 Ektasolve de appropriate acid and are used pleasant to electronic products
acetate also as solvents. Use of a unpleasant. Ink, toner, and
 Karbitolacetat suitable catalyst can influence Boiling point 218.5 colorant products
 Ethoxydiglycol the outcome of the reaction deg C. Paints and coatings
acetate so as to produce monoesters
(sodium acetate) or diesters
(sulfuric acid). Glycol
monoethers can be converted
to the corresponding ether
esters by the usual methods.
7. Propylene propane-1,2-diol Manufactured by treating Clear, hygroscopic, Used as a solvent,
Glycol propylene with chlorinated viscous liquid, Thick extractant, and
 1,2-propanediol water to form the odorless colorless preservative in a
 propylene chlorohydrin, which is liquid, tasteless, variety of parenteral
glycol converted to the glycol by practically odorless and nonparenteral
 propane-1,2- treatment with sodium pharmaceutical
diol carbonate solution. It is also formulations. It is a
 57-55-6 prepared by heating glycerol better general solvent
 1,2-Propylene with sodium hydroxide. than glycerin and
glycol dissolves a wide
 1,2- variety of materials,
dihydroxypropa such as corticosteroids,
ne phenols, sulfa drugs,
 2- barbiturates, vitamins
Hydroxypropan (A and D), most
ol alkaloids, and many
 Methylethyl local anesthetics
glycol
SHAWN LLOYD M. FACINAL BS-PHARMACY-1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY May 07, 2019
8. Polyethylene poly(oxyethylene), Polyethylene glycol is PEG is soluble in Used to treat occasional
poly(ethylene oxide) produced by the interaction water, methanol, constipation.
 Glycol (PEG) of ethylene oxide with water, ethanol, acetonitrile, Polyethylene glycol 3350
is in a class of
Polyethylene ethylene glycol, or ethylene benzene, and
medications called
glycol 3350 glycol oligomers. The reaction dichloromethane,
osmotic laxatives. It
 Miralax, is catalyzed by acidic or basic and is insoluble in works by causing water to
 Glycolax catalysts. Ethylene glycol and diethyl ether and be retained with the
its oligomers are preferable as hexane. It is coupled stool. This increases the
a starting material instead of to hydrophobic number of bowel
water, because they allow the molecules to produce movements and softens
creation of polymers with a non-ionic surfactants. the stool so it is easier to
low polydispersity (narrow pass.
molecular weight
distribution).
9. Glycerin 3-[2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,11Z)- Fermentation of sugar: ... The Glycerol is easily Glycerol is used in a number
of industrial applications, in
 Glycerin octadeca-9,11- fermentation is interrupted at soluble in water, due to
the pharmaceutical industry,
linoleate dienoyl]oxypropoxy]carbo the glyceraldehyde 3- the ability of the polyol
in cosmetics and personal
groups to form
isophthalate nylbenzoic acid phosphate stage with sodium care products, in the
hydrogen bonds with
 1,3- carbonate or with alkali or
water molecules.
production of resins,
detergents, plastics and
Benzenedicarbo alkaline earth sulfites. After Glycerol is slightly tobacco and as a humectant
xylic acid, ester reduction to glycerol denser than water with in food. Glycerol usage in the
with 1,2,3- phosphate, glycerol is a specific gravity of pharmaceutical industry is to
propanetriol obtained in yields up to 25% 1.26. This means that improve smoothness and
when glycerol is poured taste. It is used in the
(9Z,12Z)-9,12- by hydrolysis.
creation of tablets so that
octadecadienoa into a container of
they are easy to swallow.
te water, it will sink to the The coating can disintegrate
bottom. However, due
 Linoleic acid, to its solubility, over
within the body. Cough
lozenges often use glycerol
isophthalic time and with mild to give a sweet taste.
acid, glycerin agitation, glycerol will Suppositories of glycerol can
ester form an aqueous act as laxatives since they
can irritate anal mucosa.
 68186-55-0 solution.
 AC1O5NOO

10. Erythritol (2S,3R)-butane-1,2,3,4- Erythritol is produced on industrial White, odourless, Used in a variety of
 meso-Erythritol scale by fermentation. As starting non-hygroscopic, pharmaceutical
tetrol material, aqueous solutions of
 Phycitol glucose or sucrose are used. The
heat-stable crystals preparations, including
 Erythrit naturally occurring yeast Moniliella with a sweetness of in solid dosage forms
 Erythrol pollinis, originally isolated from approximately 60- as a tablet filler, and in
 (2R,3S)-butane- pollen found in a honeycomb, is 80 % that of sucrose. coatings. It has also
used for the fermentation. In the been investigated for
1,2,3,4-tetrol
fermentation broth, large amounts use in dry powder
 erythro-tetritol of erythritol are formed besides
 Mesoerythritol other polyols. After filtration, ion
inhalers. It is also used
 Erythrite exchange chromatography, and in sugar-free lozenges,
 Phycite concentration, erythritol is and medicated
crystallized with more than 99% chewing gum.
 Erythritol [NF] purity.

11. Mannitol (2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexan- May be extracted from manna Odorless white Used in the food
Anol; Aridol; 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol and other natural sources with crystalline powder or industry as anti-caking
Bronchitol; hot alcohol or other selective free-flowing and free flowing agent,
solvents. Commercially it is
δmannit; granules. Sweet stabilizer, thickener,
produced by catalytic or
Demanitol; taste. and non-nutritive
electrolytic reduction of certain
Diurecide; monosaccharides such as sweetener.
Isotol; Manicol; mannose and glucose.
Manit; Manitol Manufacture is somewhat
Mein; Maniton; complicated by the need for
Mannigen. separation of stereoisomers
SHAWN LLOYD M. FACINAL BS-PHARMACY-1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY May 07, 2019
12. Sorbitol (2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane- ndustrially, sorbitol is SORBITOL is an Used as an excipient in
Glucarine 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol prepared by high pressure odorless colorless pharmaceutical
Diakarmon hydrogenation with a copper- solid. Sinks and mixes formulations. It is also
used extensively in
Multitol chromium or nickel catalyst, with water. White
cosmetics and food
Sorbilande or by electrolytic reduction of hygroscopic powder,
products. Sorbitol is used
Sorbostyl glucose and corn syrup. If crystalline powder, as a diluent in tablet
D-(-)-Sorbitol cane or beet sugar is used as a flakes or granules. formulations prepared by
Esasorb source, the disaccharide is either wet granulation or
hydrolyzed to dextrose and direct compression. It is
fructose prior to particularly useful in
hydrogenation. chewable tablets owing
to its pleasant, sweet
taste and cooling
sensation. In capsule
formulations it is used as
a plasticizer for gelatin.
13. Menthol 5-methyl-2-propan-2- (-)-Menthol can also be White crystalline Menthol is used in
ylcyclohexan-1-ol prepared from (-)-piperitone, solid with a mentholated cigarettes
 dl-Menthol the main component of peppermint odor and and can be present at
 1490-04-6 Eucalyptus dives Typus oils. taste. low levels in non-
 2-Isopropyl-5- Hydrogenation in the mentholated cigarette
methylcyclohex presence of Raney nickel brands. It is an
anol yields a mixture of menthols, ingredient in
 Menthyl from which (-)-menthol can medicines, make-up
alcohol be separated by crystallization and pesticides. It is
 Cyclohexanol, and saponification of its used in candies,
5-methyl-2-(1- chloroacetate. /L-Menthol chewing gum, liqueurs
methylethyl)- and toothpastes as a
flavor ingredient. It is
used as a cooling
ingredient in
shampoos and soaps.
14. Terpinol 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3- A common industrial method Pure alpha-isomer is alpha-Terpineol is an
en-1-yl)propan-2-ol of alpha-terpineol synthesis white, crystalline important commercial
 1-alpha- consists of the hydration of powder, floral, iliac chemical. It is one of
terpineol alpha-pinene or turpentine oil odor, Peach, floral the most frequently
 alpha-terpineol with aqueous mineral acids to (lilac) flavor, sweet, used fragrances in
 alpha-terpineol, give crystalline cis-terpin lime taste, soluble in soaps, perfumes and
sodium salt hydrate (mp 117 deg C), water. cosmetics. It is also
 D-alpha- followed by partial used as a flavoring
terpineol dehydration to alpha- agent, disinfectant,
 DL-alpha- terpineol. Suitable catalysts antioxidant, and
terpineol are weak acids or acid- solvent.
activated silica gel.
 p-menth-1-en-
8-ol