TRAINING MANUAL
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem - Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
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EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem
manner whatsoever
Introduction without
to Quality of Service prior written
and Traffic Load permission from Alcatel-Lucent.
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Use orMonitoring - B10
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Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 1
Introduction
3JK11043AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS 7
2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS 10
3 Information Sources Available 12
4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation 28
1 1 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction
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All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
Radiooptimization
Radio optimization
Management
cellradio
•• cell radioquality
qualitysurvey
survey
Management • HO quality monitoring
• HO quality monitoring
•• network
networkmonitoring
monitoring
•• assessment
assessmentofoftuning
tuningefficiency
efficiency
• comparison withcompetitor
• comparison with competitor
• comparison of manufacturers
• comparison of manufacturers
•• contractual
contractualrequirement:
requirement:licence
licence
• quality responsible
• quality responsible
BSSmaintenance
BSS maintenance
•• cell/BSC/TC
cell/BSC/TCproblem
problemdetection
detection
QoS
QoS Results
Results
Tektronix K1205
Counter browser
Gnnettest MPA
W&G NPA
QoS data can be built up from different and complementary kinds of information sources.
Usually post-processing applications will build up QoS indicators from:
OMC-R counters provided by the BSS system itself.
Signaling messages provided by a protocol acquisition tool on the different interfaces handled by the BSS:
Air, Abis, A (or Ater).
The main advantage of the A interface is to allow the detection of Call Setup failures either due to the User
or to the NSS (or PSTN).
Some typical user failure causes are: Some typical NSS failure causes are:
IMSI Unknown in VLR Temporary Failure
IMSI Unknown in HLR Resource Unavailable
IMEI Not Accepted Switching Equipment Congestion
PLMN Not Allowed Normal Unspecified
Service Option Not Supported Recovery on Timer Expiry
Requested Service Not Supported Call Reject
Unassigned Number Interworking
Operator Determined Barring Protocol Error
User Alerting Network Failure
Facility Not Subscribed Congestion
No Route to Destination
Normal Call Clearing
User Busy
Invalid Number Format
Call Reject
Interworking
Normal Unspecified
CAUTION: In order to assess the QoS of a BSS or some cells of a BSS, all N7 links between this BSC and the MSC
must be traced. Indeed, as the N7 signaling load is spread over all N7 links, signaling messages relating to one
call can be conveyed on any of the active N7 links.
K1103 protocol analyzer can trace up to 8 COCs at the same time but on maximum 4 PCM physical links.
K1205 protocol analyzer can trace up to 32 COCs at the same time but on maximum 16 PCM physical links.
The main advantage of the Abis trace is to allow a detailed and precise assessment of the radio quality of a
cell at TRX level. Both DownLink and UpLink paths can be observed and compared.
BUT from B7 release, the Radio Measurement Statistics (RMS) feature implemented in the BSS provides a good
level of information allowing to reduce the number of Abis traces to be done for radio network optimization.
The main advantage of the Air trace is to associate a radio quality measurement to a given geographical area
of the network.
Even if the RMS feature will allow to assess the radio quality as perceived by the end user, no location of the
radio problems is provided through the RMS.
SUB-SYSTEM COUNTERS
Count events seen by sub-system, value reported periodically
(1 hour)
The main advantage of the BSS counters is to provide easily QoS data for permanent QoS monitoring.
BSC
OMC-R OMC-R
BSC
OMC-R
NPA
BSC
RNO
SPECIFIC DRAWBACK
NSS/PSTN/MS/USER problems not seen
As BSS PM counters are defined in order to provide information to assess the QoS of the BSS and help to detect
BSS misbehavior, there is no way to identify QoS problems due to NSS, PSTN or User.
SPECIFIC DRAWBACKS
BSS problems usually not precisely identified
No breakdown per cell
The NSS QoS is provided through NSS PM counters and indicators. It is out of the scope ot this training course.
In the BSS B9, around 1000 counters are available (without GPRS).
Alcatel-Lucent has chosen to implement PM counters in the BSC and to increment them mostly on Abis
interface signaling messages.
Other suppliers may have chosen to increment them on A interface signaling messages or to implement them
in the BTS.
Therefore caution should be taken when interpreting QoS indicators value since some discrepancies may be
observed due to these possible choices.
In order to provide the operators with an easy and cost-effective way to monitor their network and carried
traffic, BSS manufacturers have implemented specific software features, called performance management.
The principle is to count for a given duration called granularity period (typically 1 hour) pre-defined events
occurring on the Abis or A interface, or internally. These counters are stored for each duration, with
breakdown per network component (i.e. cell).
MC718:
counter number
Collection mechanism
Cumulative
The counter is incremented at the occurrence of a specific event.
Abis or A message, or internal event.
At the end of a collection period, the result is the sum of the events.
Inspection
Every 20 or 10 seconds, a task quantifies an internal resource status (usually
a table).
At the end of a collection period, the result is the mean value.
Observation
Set of recorded information about a telecom procedure (handover, channel
release, UL & DL measurements reporting).
BSS Performance Measurement types (PM types) are split into two categories:
standard types (7, 8, 9, 18, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,110, 180)
detailed types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 26, 27)
The most important types for QoS monitoring and Radio Network Optimization are in bold.
A standard PM type can be activated for the whole network. It means that the related counters are reported
for all the Network Elements they are implemented on (TRX, CELL, N7 link, X25 link, LAPD link, Adjacency).
A detailed PM type can be activated only on a sub-set of the network. It means that the related counters are
reported only for a limited number of Network Elements:
40 cells per BSS for PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 26, 29
15 cells per BSS for PM types 10, 12, 13, 14, 15
1 cell per BSS for PM types 11, 27
Counter numbering rules:
Cyz: cumulative or inspection counters in PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 180
Ly.z: cumulative counters in PM type 7 (L stands for LAPD link)
Xy.z: cumulative counters in PM type 8 (X stands for X25 link)
Ny.z: cumulative counters in PM type 9 (N stands for N7 link)
Syz: observation counters in PM type 10 (S stands for SDCCH)
Ryz:: observation counters in PM type 11 (R stands for Radio measurements)
HOyz: observation counters in PM type 12, 13, 14 (HO stands for HandOver)
Tyz: observation counters in PM type 15 (T stands for TCH)
RMSyz: cumulative counters in PM type 31 (RMS stands for Radio Measurement Statistics)
MCyz or MNy.z: cumulative counters in PM type 110 (M stands for Major)
Practical exercises will be done during the course using this software
The following slides and exercises are here to teach you the basic skill
needed to operate the tool for A Interface decoding
To
Toenter
enterinin
monitoring
monitoringmode
modetoto
analyze the
analyze the
AAtrace
trace
To
Tofilter
filterthe
themain
main
GSM
GSM protocolsand
protocols and
messages
messages
To
Toselect
selectbinary
binary
trace
tracefile
file
The ANNEX 4 introduces some basics on the GSM protocol layers that will be traced for the A interface
analysis.
UDT: Unit Data (for Signaling Control Point) Remove Paging information
To
Toextract
extract11call
call
Short
ShortView
View
11line
line//message
message
Frame
FrameView
View
Full
Fulldecoding
decodingofof
selected
selectedmessage
message
Packet
Packetview
view
Message
Messagecontent
content
ininhexadecimal
hexadecimal
At call setup, the first signaling message on the A interface is sent by the BSC to the MSC in order to set up a
logical link (called SCCP connection) between the BSS and the NSS.
Both BSS and NSS entities choose a unique reference which has to be used by the other party to identify the
SCCP connection on which the messages are conveyed. Both BSS reference (xxx) and NSS reference (yyy) are
exchanged during the SCCP Connection Request and Connection Confirm phases. After that only the reference
of the other party is used.
Then
Click on the Filter button and filter out all protocol layers and messages except:
all DTAP messages,
all BSSMAP messages except "Paging”,
SCCP CR (Connection Request) and CC (Connection Confirm) messages.
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 2
Global Indicators
3JK11044AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Explain what is a Global indicator and what are the main BSS indicators
regarding GSM services provided by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Indicators Definition 7
2 Methodological Precautions 13
3 Typical Call Failures 20
4 Description of Global Indicators 83
5 Traps and Restrictions of Global Indicators 104
6 Global Indicators Interpretation 111
Page
Switch to notes view!
Global / Detailed
The indicators computation can be performed from several counters or by a simple counter mapping.
Example:
call drop rate = Call Drop nb / Call nb = f(counters)
call drop = Call drop nb = 1 counter
Compared with:
Competitor results if available
Contractual requirements
Internal quality requirements
Weekly
WeeklyCDR
CDR"GSM"
"GSM"
3,50%
3,50%
3,00%
3,00%
2,50%
2,50%
weekly
weeklycall
calldrop
droprate
rate
2,00%
2,00%
CDR
CDR
contractual
contractual call droprate
call drop rate
1,50%
1,50% quality
qualityCDR
CDR
1,00%
1,00%
0,50%
0,50%
0,00%
0,00%
11
55
99
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
week 45
weeknumber
number
INDICATOR
INDICATORDESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION GG??
average
averageofofcall
callsetup
setupsuccess
successrate
ratefor
forthe
thenetwork
network Yes
Yes
rate
rate of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14,LAC=234
of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14, LAC=234 No
No
call
calldrop
droprate
ratein
inyour
yourcapital
capital
call
call drop rate of the cellcovering
drop rate of the cell coveringaaspecific
specificbuidling
buidling
%%of
ofHO
HO with
withthe
thecause
causebetter
bettercell
cell(among
(amongother
othercauses)
causes)for
forthe
thenetwork
network
average
average rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying 1SDCCH8
rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying 1 SDCCH8
rate
rateofofSDCCH
SDCCHdropped
droppedon
onTRX
TRX11of
ofcell
cell12,24
12,24
call success of 1 PLMN
call success of 1 PLMN
%%of
ofcells
cellsbeing
beingcongested
congestedtoday
today
The KPI is a good way to measure the overall performance of the network. Several KPI parameters will be
defined in the network to enable the operator to monitor the network performance throughout important events,
new release, soft/hardware upgrades, etc.
Normally the formula of KPI are defined by the operator, and usually different operators may consider different
KPIs and use different formulas. The KPI can be derived from driving tests and OMC traffic statistics.
Example:
A global call drop rate of 1% can hide some cells with 10% of call drop rate
On Alcatel-Lucent QoS monitoring tool (MPM application on OMC-R, NPA or RNO), NEs (BSS, Cell or TRX) are
highlighted with bad QoS indicator value if enough corresponding events have been observed (called Validity
threshold).
Examples:
Cells with bad Call Drop rate will be highlighted if CDR > CDR_threshold and if the Number of Calls is greater
than the CDR Validity threshold.
Cells with bad Outgoing handover success rate will be highlighted if OHOSUR > OHOSUR_threshold and if the
Number of Outgoing Handovers is greater than the OHO Validity threshold.
Example:
Mean cell congestion rate during busy hour:
Weighted average of cell congestion at the busy hour of the network?
Weighted average of cell congestion rate for its specific busy hour?
(definition of busy hour?)
Usually:
Cell Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (in erlang) is observed.
BSC Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (as the sum of the TCH traffic of all cells of the BSS) is
observed.
Diagnose the main case of failures on A interface traces using the K1205
emulation software
The SDCCH resource allocation is performed by the BSC. Once allocated, the SDCCH channel is activated by the
BTS on BSC request.
T3101 is the guard timer for the SDCCH access from the MS. The Default value is 3 seconds.
MC8C counts the number of Channels Required received from the MS in a cell.
MC148 counts the number of SDCCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.
MC8B counts the number of times an MS is commanded to access an SDCCH channel in a cell.
MC02 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile
Originating (MO) call.
The SCCP Connection Request message is conveyed on an A interface PCM timeslot chosen by the BSC (called
COC).
The SCCP Connection Confirm message is conveyed on a COC chosen by the MSC which can be located on a
different PCM than the one of the COC used by the BSC to send signaling messages to the MSC.
Take care that, when the BSC is congested on the downlink, some messages are discarded. This may result for
example in call establishment failures, loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures.
A LapD counter that indicates the time a LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded
quality of service. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus be only available in a detailed measurement
campaign.
A paging message is broadcast by the MSC to all BSCs controlling cells belonging to the same Location Area as the
one of the paged MS.
In case no MS is accessing the SDCCH channel (T3101 expiry) then the BSC does not repeat the Immediate
Assignment since the MS may have accessed an SDCCH in another BSS. It is up to the MSC to repeat Paging if
T3113 expires (usually around 7 seconds).
MC8A counts the number of Paging Command messages sent on a cell.
MC01 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile
Terminating (MT) call.
Caution:
A paging Request message sent on the Air interface by the BTS may contain several MS identities. 3 Paging
Request types can be used:
in Paging Request Type 1: up to 2 MSs (IMSI1,IMSI2) can be included.
in Paging Request Type 2: up to 3 MSs (IMSI1,TMSI1,TMSI2) can be included.
in Paging Request Type 3: up to 4 MSs (TMSI1,TMSI2,TMSI3,TMSI4) can be included.
On the other hand, a Paging message and a Paging Command message relate to only one MS identity.
COMMON ID
Creation of DTM MS
context Class Mark update
BSC Shared DTM Info Indication New B10
Normally all cells of the same Location Area must have the same MC8A counter value since all these cells must be
paged for an MT call on an MS located in the Location Area they are included in.
If not: it means that a cell is not declared in the right LA at NSS level.
Caution: All Channels Required (therefore RACH) are counted in MC8C: valid and invalid causes (see later). Indeed ghost
RACHs are also counted.
The Channel Required content corresponds to the Channel Request message sent by the MS to the BTS.
This Channel Request message is made up of one byte with 2 Information Elements (IEs):
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+-----------------------------------------------+
ESTABLISHMENT RANDOM
+ - - - - - - - - +
CAUSE REFERENCE
+-----------------------------------------------+
ESTABLISHMENT CAUSE: This information field indicates the reason for requesting the establishment of a connection. This
field has a variable length (from 3 bits up to 6 bits).
RANDOM REFERENCE: This is an unformatted field with a variable length (from 5 bits down to 2 bits).
Due to the fact that the NECI bit is always set to 1 in Alcatel-Lucent BSS, Establishment causes can be divided into 2
categories:
Valid causes: 5 (6 if GPRS)
000: Location Update (Normal, Periodic, IMSI Attach)
100: Terminating call
101: Emergency call
110: Call Re-establishment
111: Originating call (not emergency)
011: if GPRS is implemented in the cell
MC02 =MC02A+MC02B+MC02C+…….+MC02G+MC02H+MC02i
MC02A = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Normal or Periodic LU request (IMSI Attach also counted).
MC02B = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Short Message Service.
MC02C = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Supplementary Service.
MC02D = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for LU with follow-on bit set to 1 (means that the SDCCH phase
will be followed by a TCH assignment for speech call establishment).
MC02E = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Call Re-establishment.
MC02F = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized in case of L3 Info (within 08.58 ESTABLISH INDICATION) unknown
by the BSC but transferred to the MSC.
MC02G = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for IMSI Detach.
MC02H = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Normal or Emergency call.
MC02i = Number of Mobile Originating SDCCH establishments for LCS purposes.
SDCCH
Access Failure
SDCCH
SDCCH SDCCH
SDCCH
Congestion BSS
Congestion BSSProblem
Problem
SDCCH
SDCCH
Radio
RadioFailure
Failure
In case of Immediate Assignment Reject: T3122 = value of Wait_Indication parameter sent by the BSC to the MS.
3, 8, 14, 50 55 41
4, 9, 16 76 52
5, 10, 20 109 58
6, 11, 25 163 86
7, 12, 32 217 115
SDCCH congestion can be too high because of the subscribers' traffic demand in terms of calls / LUs.
Solution = add a TRX or site / redesign the LA plan
High SDCCH congestion can be observed at peculiar period of the day due to a peak of LU requests generated by a
big group of subscribers entering a new LA at the same time (bus, train, plane).
Solution = redesign the LA plan or play on radio parameters (CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS, WI_OP)
High SDCCH congestion can be abnormally observed without real MS traffic in case a high level of noise or the
proximity of a non-GSM radio transmitter.
Solution = change the BCCH frequency or put an RX filter
High SDCCH congestion can also be abnormally observed in a cell in case one of its neighboring cell is barred.
Solution = Remove the barring
SDCCH congestion can be too high because of the subscribers' traffic demand in terms of calls / LUs.
Solution = add a TRX or site / redesign the LA plan
High SDCCH congestion can be observed at peculiar period of the day due to a peak of LU requests generated by a
big group of subscribers entering a new LA at the same time (bus, train, plane).
Solution = redesign the LA plan or play on radio parameters (CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS, WI_OP)
High SDCCH congestion can be abnormally observed without real MS traffic in case a high level of noise or the
proximity of a non-GSM radio transmitter.
Solution = change the BCCH frequency or put an RX filter
High SDCCH congestion can also be abnormally observed in a cell in case one of its neighboring cell is barred.
Solution = Remove the barring
MS BTS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
(RACH) CHANNEL REQUIRED
The FOLLOWING COUNTERS ARE IMPACTED BY the Dynamic SDCCH Allocation feature:
MC28, MC29 The Number of busy radio timeslots in TCH usage takes into account the busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8
timeslots allocated as TCH.
C30, MC31 The Number of busy SDCCH sub-channels takes into account the SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the static and dynamic
SDCCH/8 timeslots.
C370a, MC370a, C370b, MC370b The Number of times the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR / HR) takes into account the
busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH.
C/MC380a/b C/MC381a/b The Cumulated time (in second) the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR or HR) does not take care
whether the TCHs are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.
C39, MC390, C40, MC400 The Number of times or the Cumulated time (in second) the SDCCH sub-channels are busy does not take care
whether the SDCCH sub-channels are allocated on the static or dynamic SDCCH/x timeslot.
C/MC34 C/MC380 The Cumulated time (in second) all TCHs / SDCCHs in the cell are busy does not take care whether the TCHs / SDCCHs
are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot /SDCCH/x timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.
C/MC320a/b/c/d/e Free TCH radio timeslots count the free TCH timeslots and the free dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.
SDCCH
Access Failure
SDCCH
SDCCH SDCCH
SDCCH
Congestion BSS
Congestion BSSProblem
Problem
SDCCH
SDCCH
Radio
RadioFailure
Failure
MC149 counts the number of SDCCH access failures due to radio problems.
RACH
Channel Request
RACH
Interference:
AGCH lost
DL interference area
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11044AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 2 Page 38
3 Typical Call Failures
Radio Link Establishment - Ghost RACH
For this Channel Required, the establishment cause is valid (Call re-establishment) but the Access Delay
(corresponding to the distance between the MS and the BTS) is high.
Indeed the Access Delay being equal to the Timing Advance is coded in slot unit representing a distance of
550m. It can take values from 0 (0m) to 63 (35km).
Thus the Channel Required above is received from an MS located at 19km from the site. It may therefore be
rather a ghost RACH than a real MS which wants to re-establish a call.
In Alcatel-Lucent BSS, it is possible to filter the Channel Required received from a distance greater than a
distance defined as a parameter value: RACH_TA_FILTER tunable on a per-cell basis. Caution should be taken
since a too low value may reduce the network coverage.
Some tips:
Dummy Rach load depends on minimum level for decoding configured in
Evolium™ BTS
During period with low real traffic (night), high rate of dummy RACH
For dummy RACH, the channel required has a random value of TA
(Non-combined BCCH)
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R -
UPLINK
(Multiframes of 51 frames)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 21 31 41 51 1
f s b b b b C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C - f s
DOWNLINK
f = FCCH s = SCH b = BCCH C C C C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) R = RACH
(Combined BCCH)
DOWNLINK
FS B C FS C C FS D0 D1 FS D2 D3 FS A0 A1 -
FS B C FS C C FS D0 D1 FS D2 D3 FS A2 A3 -
UPLINK
D3 RR A2 A3 RRRRRRRR RRRRRRR RRRRR RRR D0 D1 RR D2
CHANNEL REQUIRED
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
---------------------------------------------->
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------- start T3101
<------------ (AGCH) ------------- MC8B
T3101expiry
->“radio failure
MC149
C H A N N E L R E Q U IR E D
----------------------------------------------> M C 8C
C H A N N E L A C T IV A T IO N (S D C C H )
< ---------------------------------------------- M C 148
C H A N N E L A C T IV A T IO N A C K
---------------------------------------------->
IM M E D IA T E A S S IG N C O M M A N D
IM M E D IA T E A S S IG N < ---------------------------------------------- s tart T 31 01 M C8B
< ------------ (A G C H ) -------------
T 31 0 1e xpiry M C 149
-> “ra d io fa ilure
During HO, the first message sent to the target cell is HO Access
This message is an Access Burst like Channel Request
SDCCH
Access Failure
SDCCH
SDCCH SDCCH
SDCCH
Congestion BSS
Congestion BSSProblem
Problem
SDCCH
SDCCH
Radio
RadioFailure
Failure
No specific counter
BSS Problems are difficult to specify a priori. It is better to deduce them from other counters which are
easier to implement and thus more reliable.
Statistically a ghost RACH can correspond to any kind of establishment cause: valid and invalid.
As ghost RACH which corresponds to a GSM valid cause will lead to an SDCCH allocation which will not be seized
by an MS, it will lead to the incrementation of the MC149 counter and therefore counted as an SDCCH access
failure due to radio.
An SDCCH radio access failure due to ghost RACH occurrence is easily observed during low traffic hour (night
time) since ghost RACHs are almost the only cause of failure.
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
SETUP
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALL PROCEEDING
Transparent messages (DTAP) are used in order the NSS performs control procedures to enable the MS to set up a
speech call.
Authentication: Checks that the Mobile Station is the required station and not an intruder.
Ciphering: All Information (signaling, Speech and Data) is sent in cipher mode, to avoid monitoring and intruders
(who could analyze signaling data).
Setup/Call Processing: call is being processed between the calling Party and the Called Party.
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SETUP
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CALL CONFIRM
Setup/Call Confirm: the call is being processed between the Calling Party and the Called Party.
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE
Some transparent messages are also exchanged between the MS and the network in case of a Location Update
transaction.
Generally SDCCH handovers are disabled in the network since the average SDCCH duration is only around 2 to 3
seconds.
MC138 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to radio problems.
Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a
system alarm by the O&M Fault Management application.
MC137
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
Cause : O&M intervention
Cause : radio interface failure
MC137 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to BSS problems.
A BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure. It can also be due to a problem on the Abis
interface (due to Micro Wave transmission for instance).
MC07 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to handover failure.
SDCCH connection
SDCCH Phase
OC Drop radio
TC incoming HO
SDCCH connection MC01+MC02+MC10
Drop BSS
SDCCH Drop Drop radio MC138
Drop BSS MC137
Drop HO MC07
Drop HO
SDCDBN
SDCDRN
SDCDHN
SDCDR
Time allowed:
15 minutes
< --------------------------------------------------------
MC703 MC460a
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH)
-------------------------------------------------------- >
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
---------------------- >
TCH SABM -------------------------------------------------------- >
< ---------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stop T3107
>
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE MC718
----------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
MC703 counts the number of TCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.
MC718 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed a TCH in a cell as part of a call establishment
(Normal Assignment).
Both counters are implemented at TRX level.
MC140a counts the number of normal assignment requests for TCH establishment.
MC140b counts the number of normal assignment commands for TCH establishment.
Both counters in order to discriminate BSS problems in Preparation and Execution phases.
Start Trr1
SDCCH Assignment Request
MC140a
Store TCH
New B10
location in DTM
MS context
MC703 counts the number of TCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.
MC718 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed a TCH in a cell as part of a call establishment
(Normal Assignment).
Both counters are implemented at TRX level.
MC140a counts the number of normal assignment requests for TCH establishment.
MC140b counts the number of normal assignment commands for TCH establishment.
Both counters in order to discriminate BSS problems in Preparation and Execution phases.
------------------------------------------------ >
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Cause No Radio Resource Available
C612E: Number of 08.08 ASSIGNMENT REQUEST for TCH normal assignment rejected due to congestion on the Abis
interface. (from B8)
Therefore B6 counter MC612 is replaced by MC812 from B7.
MC812 = C612A+C612B+C612C+C612D+C612E of PM Type 1.
But as C612E was in restriction in B8 (always = 0) then MC812(B7) = MC612(B6)
MC612A, MC612B, MC612C, MC612D also exist in PM Type 110.
A TCH request is attached a Priority Level from 1 (highest priority) to 14 (lowest priority).
The causes of high TCH congestion can be checked using 2 different kinds of items:
Radio problem
SABM
----(TCH)------X
T3107 Expiry
MC746B
----------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Radio interface failure
MC746B counts the number of TCH access failures due to radio problems.
The MC746B counter is implemented at TRX level from B7.
In case of TCH access failure, the MS will try to revert back to the SDCCH channel. Whether it succeeds in
reverting to the SDCCH or not the call establishment fails. On the other hand, some MSCs may resend the
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST again.
SABM
----(TCH)---- >
No specific counter
MC14B
The number of TCH Assignment failures due to BSS problem can be correctly deduced and distinguished for
preparation and execution phases from B8 with the 2 counters MC140a and MC140b.
(see the next slide)
B7 counter MC14b has been removed.
TCNAFLBN
TCNAFLRN
TCNACGN
TCAHCAN
TCNAUR
From B7.2 some indicators can be provided on a per TRX basis due to the availability of counters provided per
TRX in Type 110:
TCNAEFR = RTCH_assign_efficiency_rate (RNO name) = MC718 / MC703
Rate of successful RTCH seizures in relation to all RTCHs allocated, during the TCH assignment procedure.
TCNAAFLRR = RTCH_assign_allocated_fail_radio_rate (RNO name) = MC746B / MC703
Rate of RTCH seizures failed during the normal assignment procedure because of radio problems in
relation to all RTCHs allocated for TCH assignment procedure.
This will help a lot detect bad QOS due to TRX hardware-related problem.
2) Find and extract a case of Assignment Failure due to Radio Problem (if any).
3) In file 10, identify and give the content of the BSC Shared DTM Info
Indication message. New B10
Time allowed:
15 minutes
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALERTING
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CONNECT ACK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
ALERTING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CONNECT
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT ACK
The Call setup phase and the Stable call phase are not corresponding between the BSS and the NSS.
For the BSS, a call is established when the MS has successfully accessed a TCH channel on the Air interface.
For the NSS, a call is established when the speech data exchanged is started between end users.
Thus the Call setup phase is shorter and the Call phase is longer in the BSS.
Therefore the Call Setup Success rate is worse in the NSS and the Call Drop rate is worse in the BSS.
< --------------------------------------------------------
---------------------- >
TCH SABM -------------------------------------------------------- >
< ---------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Call phase
ALERTING
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
CONNECT ACK
PS: Billing / CSSR
@MSS&BSS
Call phase
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11044AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 2 Page 69
3 Typical Call Failures
TCH Phase - Radio Drop
Radio Link Establishment
SDCCH Phase
TCH phase > drop radio TCH assignment
Alerting/CNX Phase
Radio problem
MC736 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to radio problems.
The MC736 counter is implemented at TRX level.
Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a
system alarm by the O&M Fault Management application.
MC739 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to BSS problems reported as "remote TransCoder failure".
The MC739 counter is implemented at TRX level.
It can usually be a bad quality of the transmission on the Abis interface (Micro Wave) or a faulty hardware
component in the TransCoder or even sometimes BSS software/hardware problems.
MC14C
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
Radio interface failure
MC14C counts the number of TCH channel drops due to BSS problems other than the ones reported by the
TransCoder.
A BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure.
Handover failure
MC621 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to Handover failure.
The MC621 counter is implemented at TRX level.
This event is also counted in the set of Handover counters as an Outgoing handover failure without reversion to
the old channel.
TCH preempted
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
<---------------------------------------
Priority level pl1 > pl2
preemption capability indicator pci=1
MC921C
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
preemption
MC921C counts the number of TCH channel drops due to preemption for another call to be established.
The MC921C counter exists from B7 as linked to the feature Preemption.
TCH Phase
BSS1 BSS2
outgoing HO
Note:
MC718 counts the number of successful TCH assignments.
MC717A counts the number of successful internal DRs.
MC717B counts the number of successful incoming internal and external (HOs+DR) as well as the number of
intra cell HOs successfully performed.
MC712 counts the number of successful outgoing internal and external HOs as well as the number of intra cell
HOs successfully performed.
BSS1 BSS2
outgoing HO
Note:
MC662 counts the number of successful TCH intracell HOs.
BSS1 BSS2
outgoing HO
CAUTION: Intra-cell HO being counted in MC717B and not deduced in the RTCH success computation in order
to provide the TRX RTCH drop indicators at TRX level then these indicators may be abnormally low (good)
if a large amount of intra-cell HOs are performed in the cell (concentric cell, multiband cell).
call drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only and some of them per TRX
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call Statistics > Call drop
QSCDR: call drop rate (Global): CELL
QSCDRR: call drop rate due to radio: CELL + TRX
QSCDBIR: call drop rate due to BSS internal problem: CELL
QSCDBTR: call drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem: CELL + TRX
QSCDHR: call drop rate due to HO failure: CELL + TRX
QSCDPR: call drop rate due to preemption: CELL
RTCH drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only
TRX TCH drop indicators: all of them are available per TRX only
call drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only and some of them per TRX
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call Statistics > Call drop
QSCDR: call drop rate (Global): CELL
QSCDRR: call drop rate due to radio: CELL + TRX
QSCDBIR: call drop rate due to BSS internal problem: CELL
QSCDBTR: call drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem: CELL + TRX
QSCDHR: call drop rate due to HO failure: CELL + TRX
QSCDPR: call drop rate due to preemption: CELL
RTCH drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only
TRX TCH drop indicators: all of them are available per TRX only
Time allowed:
15 minutes
When the BSC is congested on the downlink, some messages are discarded. This may result for example in call
establishment failures, loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures.
An LapD counter that indicates the time an LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded
quality of service. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus is only available in a detailed measurement
campaign.
What are the user and or system impacts if a Global Indicator (GI) is
bad?
(G)
INDICATOR SDCCH ASSIGN CONG FAIL RATE
DEFINITION Rate of SDCCH not allocated during radio link establishment procedure due to congestion on the
Air interface
FORMULA cell (MC04) / SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
THRESHOLD > 5%
COMMENT Check SDCCH Erlang : if not critical, SDCCH availability/allocation problem, or HO access on a
nearby cell side effect or interference on the carrier handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to high
rate of « phantom RACH »)
REF NAME SDNACGR UNIT %
DEFINITION Number of SDCCH seizure requests during radio link establishment procedure
FORMULA cell
(MC148 + MC04)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT This includes requests rejected due to congestion on SDCCH
REF NAME SDNARQN UNIT Number
(G) means that the indicator is Global, i.e. it is important to provide it at Network level.
SDNARQN
SDCGMR
(G)
INDICATOR SDCCH DROP RATE
DEFINITION Rate of dropped SDCCH (SDCCH is established for any transaction OC, TC, LU,etc.)
FORMULA cell (MC138 + MC07 + MC137) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
THRESHOLD > 4%
COMMENT Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop BSS
REF NAME SDCDR UNIT %
DEFINITION Total number of SDCCHs successfully seized by mobile during radio link establishment
procedure
FORMULA cell
(MC01 + MC02)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT
REF NAME SDNASUN UNIT Number
In a dense network, SDCCH drop rate should be lower than 1%. Indeed the probablity to drop a radio link when
the MS is on SDCCH is less than on TCH since the SDCCH phase is shorter (less than 5 seconds) than TCH phase
(several tens of seconds).
(G)
INDICATOR TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of unsuccessful RTCH seizures for normal assignment purpose (congestion + HO&radio
failures)
FORMULA B7.2 (TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS – TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS) / TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
THRESHOLD > 3%
COMMENT
REF NAME TCNAUR UNIT %
In a dense network, the TCH assignment unsuccess rate should be lower than 1%.
IN D IC A T O R T C H A SS IG N R E Q U E S T S
D E F IN IT IO N N u m b e r o f T C H s e iz u re r e q u e s ts fo r n o r m a l a s s ig n m e n t p r o c e d u re .
FO RM ULA B8 c e ll M C 140a
TH R ESH O LD
COM M ENT M C 1 4 0 a : n e w c o u n te r in tr o d u c e d in B 8 re le a s e .
M C 1 4 0 a ( t y p e 1 1 0 ) : N B _ T C H _ N O R _ A S S _ R E Q t h a t i n d i c a te s t h e n u m b e r o f n o r m a l a s s i g n m e n t
r e q u e s t s f o r T C H e s t a b l i s h m e n t ( in H R o r F R u s a g e )
REF NAM E TCNARQN U N IT N um ber
(G)
INDICATOR GLOBAL RADIO CONGESTION LEVEL
DEFINITION Global radio congestion level : number or rate of cells recurrently congested
FORMULA COUNT_OF_CELLS (AVERAGE (MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE)) > 2%))
THRESHOLD According to operator
COMMENT This indicator reports the global radio congestion rate on the network. We define a specific
indicator counting the number of cells that are in congestion in a recurrent manner.
MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE) : is the peak of failures due to congestion observed
during the period (the day normally). See the definition of TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE in the
Quality of Service chapter)
AVERAGE : is an averaging function of the blocking rate over the selected period, that is over BH
of days for a week, or over BH of weeks for a month
COUNT_OF_CELL : is a function counting the number of cells for which condition between () is
respected.
The number of cells can be used as indicator, or the rate of cells over the total number of cells in the
network or area.
REF NAME QSCGR UNIT Number
This counter intends to give a measurement of the TCH congestion of the whole network.
It is implemented on the Alcatel-Lucent tools but other indicators can be defined.
(G)
INDICATOR CALL DROP RATE
DEFINITION Rate of dropped calls (system +radio+ HO + preemption) over the total amount of calls with a
successful end
FORMULA Scell (MC621 + MC14c + MC736 + MC739 + MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS END
THRESHOLD > 4%
COMMENT Drop system + Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop preemption
TCH drops occurring after successful assignment but before speech connection are considered
call drops even if from the customer pointasof view it is a call setup failure
MC739, MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139, C136 and C21. These new counters
are per TRX
MC921c was new in B7.2
REF NAME QSCDR UNIT %
In a dense network, the Call Drop Rate should be lower than 2%. It should even go down to 1% or less in case Slow
Frequency Hopping is used.
The RTCH drop rate is defined below:
DEFINITION Rate of TCHs dropped (system + radio + handover + preemption) over the total amount of
calls established in the cell
FORMULA cell
(MC14c + MC739 + MC736 + MC621+ MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS BEGIN
THRESHOLD > 3%
COMMENT Drop System + Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop preemption
Indicator relevant at cell level mostly.
MC739, MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139, C136 and C21. These new
counters are per TRX
MC921c is new in B7.2
REF NAME QSTCCDR UNIT %
(G)
INDICATOR CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE (BSS view)
DEFINITION Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment, that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP
neither by Assignment failures
FORMULA (1 – ( SDCCH DROP / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS ) ) * (1 TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE)
THRESHOLD > 95%
COMMENT SDCCH assignment failures are not considered in CSSR as :
·ghost (spurious) RACH cannot be discriminated from a real access failure
·effect of re-attempts performed autonomously by the MS cannot be quantified
REF NAME QSCSSR UNIT %
Ghost Racks which correspond to a valid establishment cause are not identified by the BSS. Therefore they can
lead to a high SDCCH assignment failure rate if they are too numerous.
As the end user is not impacted by this phenomenon if no SDCCH congestion is induced, the SDCCH assignment
phase is not considered in the computation of the Call Setup Success rate provided by Alcatel-Lucent tools.
In a dense network, the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 98%.
The SDCCH congestion rate should also be considered to have a complete picture of Call Setup efficiency.
(G)
INDICATOR CALL SUCCESS RATE (BSS view)
DEFINITION Rate of calls going until normal release , that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by
Assignment Failures nor by CALL DROP
FORMULA (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE) * (1 – CALL DROP RATE)
THRESHOLD < 92%
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCCR UNIT %
In a dense network, the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 97%.
TCAHSUN
QSCCR
QSCSSR
DEFINITION Distribution of Handover attempts by cause X : UL/DL Qual, UL/DL Lev, UL/DL Interference,
Distance, Better Cell, Interband, Micro cells HO, Concentric cell, Traffic, AMR, TFO causes.
FORMULA B7.2 cell
(MC67w or MC785x or MC586y or MC10zz or MC447 or MC461)
cell (MC67all + MC785all + MC586all + MC10all + MC447 + MC461)
MC67all = MC671+MC672+MC673+MC674+MC675+MC676+MC677+MC678+MC679
+MC670
MC785all = MC785a + MC785d + MC785e + MC785f (microcell)
MC586all = MC586a + MC586b + MC586c (concentric)
MC10all = MC1040 + MC1044 + MC1050
THRESHOLD Quality DL > 10%, Qual UL > 10%, Level UL > 20%, Level DL > 20%
Interf UL > 5%, Interf DL > 5%, Better Cell < 30%
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTBPBR, HCCCELVDR, HCCCELVUR, HCCCBCPR, UNIT %
HCSTEDIR, HCSTEIFDR, HCSTELVDR, HCSTEQLDR,
HCSTBDRR, HCMBBCPR, HCMCEBSR, HCMCELVDR,
HCMCBCPR, HCMCELVUR, HCSTEMIR, HCSTEIFUR,
HCSTELVUR, HCSTEQLUR, HCSTAMR, HCSTBTFR
(G)
INDICATOR DISTRIBUTION HO CAUSE STANDARD
DEFINITION Distribution of Handover attempts by standard cause : Power Budget, quality too low, level too low,
high interference and MS-BTS distance too long.
FORMULA B7.2
cell ( (MC67x) / GLOBAL HO CAUSE STANDARD)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTEIFDSR, HCSTEIFUSR, HCSTEIFSR, HCSTELVDSR, UNIT %
HCSTELVUSR, HCSTELVSR, HCSTEQLDSR,
HCSTEQLUSR, HCSTEQLSR, HCSTBPBSR, HCSTEDISR
HCSTEIFR
HCSTEQLR
HCSTELVR
HCSTEDMR
HCSTBPBR
HCMCR
HCCC
TMHOSR
DEFINITION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers
FORMULA B7.2 cell (MC646 + MC656) / cell (MC645a + MC655a)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT This indicator includes preparation and execution.
REF NAME HOORSUR UNIT %
(G)
INDICATOR EFFICIENCY OF OUTGOING HANDOVER EXECUTION
Global Outgoing HO success rate: represents the global efficiency of the outgoing handovers performed from one
cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not).
Efficiency of Outgoing HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during outgoing
handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). It does not take into account
the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and
activated.
(G)
INDICATOR EFFICIENCY OF INCOMING HANDOVERS
DEFINITION Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HOs
FORMULA cell (MC642 + MC652) / cell(MC821 + MC831)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT Excluding congestion failures and BSS preparation failures from requests.
REF NAME HOIREFR UNIT %
Global Incoming HO success rate: represents the global efficiency of the incoming handovers performed to one
cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not).
Efficiency of Incoming HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during incoming
handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). It does not take into account
the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and
activated.
Congestion
Interference
Coverage
Coverage
Coverage hole
Coverage hole may exist when coverage areas of two BTSs do not overlap or there are some big obstacles in the
coverage area, this lead to no signal or very poor signal level.
Over shooting
In the actual network, the high BTS antenna can propagate far away along a road and serve in area which it’s not
suppose to serve in; which result in the "isolate Island" problem.
Interference
Interference usually occurs when more than one idle channel appear in the highest interference band. If the
interference is internal, it will usually increase with the growth of traffic. If the interference is external, it is
usually not related to traffic, but it may increase with the traffic growth if the interference is from the close
analog network.
There is also the possibility to work with the RMS (per TRX).
If there are high Rx_lev but bad quality, it indicates that co-channel and/or adjacent-channel interference exist.
Timer mismatching: check with the NSS team whether BSS-NSS parameters are well set.
(G)
INDICATOR CELL QUALITY FACTOR ABSOLUTE
DEFINITION Indicator summarizing the cell behavior and allowing the operator to sort out cell for
investigation.This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator,
twothresholds are used: Topt and TQoS. TQoS is the QoS warning threshold (e.g. above or
belowthe threshold, a warning is generated on the cell. Topt + TQoS is the optimal value
that should be acheived. Each part as a weighting factor (WF) according to the
impact on the subscriber’s point of view.
FORMULA ((1 – SDCCH CONGESTION rate) QoS - T)/ Topt * WF
+ (CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate -QoS T)/ Topt *WF
+ ((1 – CALL DROP rate -QoS T )/ Topt * WF
+ (OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate QoS - T)/ Topt * WF
+ ((1 – HO QUALITY rate -QoS T )/ Topt * WF
THRESHOLD SDCCH CONGESTION rate :QoS T = 0.97, Topt= 0.03, WF = 0.1
CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate :QoS T = 0.9, Topt= 0.09, WF = 0.2
CALL DROP rate : QToS = 0.96, Topt= 0.04, WF = 0.3
OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate :QoS T = 0.85, Topt= 0.12, WF = 0.15
HO QUALITY rate : QToS = 0.85, Topt= 0.1, WF = 0.25
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCQAR UNIT %
This counter intends to compute for every cell of the network a global indicator taking into account the major
causes of bad Quality of Service.
Each cause is weighted according to the impact on the end user.
(G)
INDICATOR CELL QUALITY FACTOR RELATIVE
DEFINITION This indicator is the Cell Quality Factor Absolute weighted by the cell traffic.Investigation should
be done in priority on the cell having a high rate of failures with high traffic (the traffic is the rate of
traffic handled by the cell over the total network traffic – traffic is TCH seizure attempts)
For optimization
Try to improve cells with the worst CQFR
Normalizing the previous Cell Quality Factor Absolute by the traffic of the cell will allow to compare the QoS of
the cell between each other and raise the list of top worst cells candidate for analysis.
From B7, MC703 replaces MC16 of B6.
(G)
INDICATOR NETWORK (TCH) AVAILABILITY
DEFINITION Rate of TCHs able to carry traffic (upon the total number of traffic channels)
FORMULA ( cell (MC250) / #Available TCH)
THRESHOLD < 95%
COMMENT #Available TCH : according to channel configuration
REF NAME TCAVAR UNIT %
Time allowed:
15 minutes
The longest a call is, the highest the risk to have a drop is
If statistics are done on abnormally long or short calls, the result can be less
accurate
Typical case: drive test
Typical call duration: 80/90 seconds in most European countries
IMPACT OF MOBILITY
Most of drop problems are due to mobility
Usually 2/3 of calls are static (no HO will be done)
For example, if 40 drops are observed for 1000 calls
40/1000 = 4% of global call drop
but most of call drops are generated by "moving calls"
40/(1000*1/3) = 40/333 = 12 % of call drop rate for moving call
0 % for static call
Typical trap when comparing drive tests results with OMC-R statistics
Ca se conclusion OK ? why
globa l ca ll drop: 2% for 1 ca ll of 20 mns, NOK call duration is more
risk of drop is 2 % than average
In 1 BSS, some tra nscoders The ca ll setup success
a re fa ulty: a s soon a s TCH ra te indica tor will be
a re esta blished on these increa sed due to this
TC, they a re lost problem
In 1 network, drive tests OM C-R indica tor is
a re showing a genera l ca ll erroneous (drive test is
drop of 7 %. the rea lity)
OM C- R ca ll drop indica tor is
giving 2,1 %
In 1 network, globa l ca ll For moving ca ll, ca ll
setup success is 92 % setup success will be
a bout 76 %
In a pedestria n zone, 80 % For ta xi, ca ll done in
of ca ll a re sta tic mea sured Ta xi in this zone will be
ca ll drop is 1,7 % dropped a t 5,1 %
Time allowed:
15 minutes
The Mobile Network is evaluated through Network Statistic (NPO), Drive Test (Agilent, TEMS, etc.) and Trouble
Ticket (Alarms, etc.).
Then the KPI Targets is set based on the consideration from all the data collected.
The Action Plan is proposed based on the studies of the network.
The Action Plan is based on Frequency, Cell Parameters/Configuration and Hardware Changes.
After the Action plan is done, the network statistic and Drive Test is performed again to determine the KPI
achieves the required Target. For the case where the KPI target is not achieved as requirements, the
optimization work is repeated again until the achievement of KPI targets.
An advanced improvement plan may be achieved thanks to the help of Alcatel-Lucent support.
Name
Name value
value
SDCCH
SDCCHcongestion
congestion 1%
1%
SDCCH
SDCCHdrop
drop 3%
3%
TCH
TCHassignment
assignmentfailure
failurerate
rate 2%
2%
Call
Calldrop
drop 1%
1%
Call
Callsetup
setupsuccess
successrate
rate 96%
96%
Call
Callsuccess
successrate
rate 94%
94%
Efficiency
Efficiencyof
ofoutgoing
outgoingHO
HO 92%
92%
Time allowed: Efficiency of incoming HO
Efficiency of incoming HO 93%
93%
5 minutes HO
HOcause
causedistribution
distributionbetter/level/quality
better/level/quality 70/20/10
70/20/10
Network
NetworkTCH
TCHavailability
availability 98%
98%
Name
Name value
value
SDCCH
SDCCHcongestion
congestion
SDCCH drop
SDCCH drop
TCH
TCHassignment
assignmentfailure
failurerate
rate
Call
Calldrop
drop 4.6%
4.6%
Call
Callsetup
setupsuccess
successrate
rate 92%
92%
Call
Callsuccess
successrate
rate
Time allowed: Efficiency
Efficiencyof
ofoutgoing
outgoingHO
HO
5 minutes Efficiency
Efficiencyof
ofincoming
incomingHO
HO
HO
HOcause
causedistribution
distributionbetter/level/quality
better/level/quality
Network
NetworkTCH
TCHavailability
availability
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 3
Detailed Indicators
3JK11045AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Explain what is a detailed indicator and what are the different classifications
of the detailed indicators provided by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Indicator Reference Name 7
2 Indicators Classification 9
1 3 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Detailed Indicators
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EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
Classification
GSM
indicators
SDCCH /TCH
HO repartition
Couple of cells
SDCCH traffic
Traffic MS Resource
Model Penetration Rate Occupancy
Traffic Traffic
MT MO
The MS penetration rate section includes the indicator for percentage of multiband MS SDCCH access (except
LU) versus all MS SDCCH accesses.
TCH
REQUESTS REQUESTS Erlang
FR, DR, DR/EFR, AMR, DATA Assign / HO / DR Full Rate
Blocking Peak Half Rate
Erlang Erlang
ALLOCATIONS SUCCESS
Assign/ HO/ DR TCH
FR, HR, EFR, AMR, DATA Full Rate Multiband Half Rate
Allocated Allocated
Occupancy
SUCCESS Half Rate
HO PER CALL Full Rate Mean TCH
AMR / TFO
Mean TCH Time
Time
Ratio of
HR Traffic
The Speech Version and Channel Type section includes indicators for:
distribution of TCH allocation requests (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA).
distribution of TCH allocation successes (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA).
rate of TCH AMR allocation successes.
rate of TFO calls versus all speech calls.
Assignment Phase
/
Handover Established
Phase
Congestion
Drop Rate
Unsuccess
Drop Radio Drop HO Drop BSS
Radio BSS Failure
Failure
Access Reject
Dynamic Allocation
RTCH
Assignment Phase
/ Queuing Preemption Established
Phase Phase Phase
Handover
Drop Radio
Global Radio Requests Success
Assign Assign
Congestion Level Queuing Fail Queued
Drop HO
Unsuccess Allocation
Queue Full with / without
Assign Preemption Drop BSS
Queued
Queued Success
Radio BSS & Reject Success
Failure Failure Preemption
Timeout Normal Failure
Assign.
Higher Directed
Priority Retry
Call
Success Rate
Drop Radio Drop HO Drop BSS Preemption
Cell Quality
Factor Absolute
Cell Quality
Factor Relative Transcoder Failure
Handover STATISTICS
Handover causes
Handover causes
Outgoing HO Incoming HO
All HO standard
HO cause
cause distribution
distribution
HO cause HO cause
category category
distribution distribution
Fast traffic HO taken into account type of counter for dual band HO
Handover STATISTICS
Outgoing handovers
Outgoing HO
Handover STATISTICS
Incoming HO
Incoming handovers
Congestion Congestion
More counters for UMTS to GSM handover monitoring. The new counters
were introduced in the MC922 family:
MC922e (type110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_EMERGENCY_REQ that
indicates the number 3G to 2G external inter-cell TCH (in HR or FR) handover
requests, with emergency cause.
MC922f (type 110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_REQ that indicates the
number of 3G to 2G external inter-cell TCH (in HR or FR) handover requests.
This counter differs from MC922d by the fact it just counts TCH handovers.
MC922g (type 110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_PREP_FAIL_3GCONG that
indicates the number of 3G to 2G handover failures in preparation phase due
to 3G high load in target cell.
MC922h (type 110): TIME_3G_HOReject_HL that indicates the cumulative
time (in seconds) during which the cell is in 3G high load state.
Congestion
Handover STATISTICS
Handover statistics per couple of cell
HO statistics
per Couple of Cell
Efficiency
Success Rate
HO Success Distribution
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 4
Handover Indicators
3JK11046AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Explain what are the main Handover counters and indicators provided by the
Alcatel-Lucent BSS in order to monitor the quality of handovers
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Intra-Cell Handover Indicators per Cell 7
2 Internal Handover Indicators per Cell 17
3 External Handover Indicators per Cell 31
4 Handover Indicators per Couple of Cells 46
1 4 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators
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EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) MC871
<----------------------------- <-------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107
SABM
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
UA -------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT CMP ASSIGNMENT COMPLET(new channel)
-----------------------------> --------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC662
HANDOVER
PERFORMED
------------------------------------- New B10
BSC Shared DTM Information Indication>
------------------>
Case of a DTM capable MS in
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel) dedicated mode
<--------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
The BSC will send “BSC Shared DTM INFO Indication” to inform the MFS the successful end of the procedure if the
conditions below are fulfilled:
EN_DTM = enabled
The MS is DTM capable
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) MC871
<----------------------------- <-------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107
SABM
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
UA -------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT CMP ASSIGNMENT COMPLET(new channel)
-----------------------------> --------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC662
HANDOVER
PERFORMED
------------------------------------->
BSC Shared DTM Information Indication
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel) ------------------>
<--------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
--------------------------------------------------------------> New B10
MFS Shared DTM Information Indication
Case of a DTM capable MS <-----------------------
in DTM mode MFS Shared DTM Information Indication ACK
1 4 10 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008 ------------------>
GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
Handover Preparation:
congestion
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
reversion to old channel
drop radio
BSS problem (no specific counter)
MC663
Release of old and new channels T3107 expiry
no specific counter
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
Radio interface failure
Intra cell HO failures due to BSS problems are deduced from other counters.
Congestion MC561+MC101
BSS Pb MC870-MC871-(MC561+MC101) REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
The MFS in the old cell deletes the MS context and creates an MS context according to the information received
in the BSCGP BSC shared DTM info indication.
…………….
HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103
-------------------------------------------------------------> ---------------------------------->
HO PERFORMED
----------------------------->
MC652, MC656
DTM Information
DTM Information
MFS Shared DTM Info Ind
MFS Shared DTM Info Ind ACK
The MFS in the old cell deletes the MS context and creates an MS context according to the information received
in the BSCGP BSC shared DTM info indication.
Handover Preparation:
congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell
does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
BSS problem (no specific counter)
All incoming internal HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC653.
Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
Congestion MC551+MC91
BSS Pb MC830-MC831-(MC551+MC91)
MS ACCESS PB
Execution Attempt MC831
Success MC652
HOIBFLBN
HOIBFLRN
HOIBCGN
HOIBSUN
HOIBFLR
Handover Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
radio problem: the MS drops
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Success MC656
HOOBSUN
HOOBCDRN
HOOBCDBN
HOOBOCN SUCCESS
HOOBCDR
HOOBOCR
Find in trace 7:
1) The identity of the new TCH assigned while MS in DTM mode New B10
Time allowed:
15 minutes
Handover Preparation:
congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell OR no TTCH available on the A
interface
does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
BSS problem (no specific counter)
MC41B
MS----- HO_FAILURE
serving_cell
(reversion to old channel) BSC
------------------------------------------> MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT -> ----- CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> MC643
------- MEAS_RESULT --------> Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED -------> Release of connection
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820
< -------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
< --- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
Sta rt T9113
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------ HO-COMMAND) included° MC821
Sta rt T8 X --- HO_ACCESS -----
X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
All incoming external HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC643.
Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
Congestion MC541+MC81
BSS Pb MC820-MC821-(MC541+MC81)
MS ACCESS PB
Execution Attempt MC821
Success MC642
HOIMFLBN
HOIMFLRN
HOIMCGN
HOIMSUN
HOIMFLR
Handover Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
radio problem: the MS drops
BSS problem (no specific counter)
HOOMSUN
HOOMCDRN
HOOMCDBN
HOOMOCN
HOOMCDR
HOOMOCR
Time allowed:
15 minutes
e
C40i(f,d)
Tf
Serving a Sc
C73i(Sc,T)
Target
C73i(Se,T)
Se
Sf
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 5
Directed Retry Indicators
3JK11047AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Describe the counters and indicators used for monitoring the efficiency of the
directed retry feature
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Directed Retry Definition 7
1 5 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators
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EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
With default BSS tuning: the call establishment fails if no TCH has been
freed after T11 seconds
The queuing of TCH requests is also performed for incoming external TCH handovers but not for incoming
internal TCH handovers.
Directed Retry (DR): When a TCH request is in queue, the BSC tries to
establish the TCH connection on a neighboring cell if:
Incoming
as considering the target cell
Outgoing
as considering the serving cell
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 6
Radio Measurement Statistics Indicators
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Describe the RMS indicators used for radio quality assessment of a TRX or cell
and to use them in the detection of some typical radio problems
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Radio Measurement Statistics Objectives 7
2 RMS Implementation in the BSS 10
3 RMS Data 16
4 Call Quality Statistics per TRX 18
4.1 Generalities 19
4.2 Call Quality Parameters 22
4.2 Call Quality Counters 24
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX 28
5.1 Generalities 29
5.2 Radio Quality Parameters 32
5.3 Radio Quality Counters 35
6 C/I Statistics 49
6.1 C/I Generalities 50
6.2 C/I Parameters 51
6.3 C/I Counters 52
7 Call Drop with Specific Radio Causes 54
7.1 Generalities 55
7.2 Thresholds for Detection 56
7.3 Counters 57
8 RMS Indicators Usage 58
8.1 Suspecting a Voice Quality Problem 59
8.2 Suspecting a Cell Coverage Problem 60
8.3 Suspecting a Cell Interference Problem 64
9 Additional Information 69
1 6 5 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
GSM QoS Monitoring Radio Measurement Statistics Indicators
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
Page
Switch to notes view!
In order to:
Optimize the neighborhood & frequency planning
Improve the network coverage
Detect faulty hardware components responsible for bad QoS
Help logical parameters fine tuning
The RMS feature provides statistics on Voice Quality. VQ data are now needed since the Call Drop rate is not
sufficient to have a clear picture of the QoS in a network using Slow Frequency Hopping as a densification
technique.
The RMS feature is a "plus" providing additional information to help radio engineer in their Fault detection and
Network optimization tasks.
Today's solutions for Radio Measurements are limited and very expensive:
drive tests: provide a mobile user with the perception of the network but cannot be done on the whole
network and on an every day basis since:
they are costly (tool+car+manpower).
they need to be post-processed.
they are limited to part of the network.
they are available on the DownLink path only.
Abis interface traces: provide a complete Uplink and Downlink radio quality assessment of a cell but cannot
be done on the whole network and on an every day basis since:
they are costly (protocol analyzer+manpower).
they need to be post-processed.
they are limited to a few cells at once per analyzer.
Tuning
The Experience matrix can
be generated for network
planning
Excel export is adapted to
RMS
The tuning function of RNO defines a preferred RMS template depending on cell characteristics (type, class,
capacity, etc.).
RNO manages the frequencies to monitor through MAFA jobs depending on the neighborhood and the
frequency bands.
NPA
NPA stores RMS jobs measurements, at Cell & TRX levels (15 days).
NPA makes some consolidations (voice quality, averages, etc.).
NPA manages some warnings on RMS indicators (path balance).
The Experience Matrix generated by RNO is an interference matrix computed from C/I measurements
provided through RMS counters.
MAFA = Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation is a GSM Phase 2+ feature allowing to request a mobile to
measure and report through Extended Measurement Report message a C/I value for each frequency specified
in an Extended Measurement Order message.
1 SACCH multi-frame (SACCH mfr) corresponds to 4 consecutive sequences of 26 TDMA frames during which, in
the uplink, a measurement report message is received by the BTS from the MS.
The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when
using Slow Frequency Hopping. In this case RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as
perceived by the end user.
FER measurements are available for the uplink path only.
These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path
RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the
uplink path
RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined
Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering from VQ problems on the dowlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate
This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy.
CQS1 CQS2 CQS3 CQS4 CQS5 CQS6 CQS7 CQS8 CQS9 CQS10 CQS11 CQS12 CQS13 CQS14 CQS15 CQS16 CQS375
1 measurement report
1 SACCH mfr
VQ_AVERAGE = 4 SACCH
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ = (RxlevUL1+RxlevUL2+RxlevUL3+RxlevUL4) / 4
AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ = (RxlevDL1+RxlevDL2+RxlevDL3+RxlevDL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ = (RxqualUL1+RxqualUL2+RxqualUL3+RxqualUL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ = (RxqualDL1+RxqualDL2+RxqualDL3+RxqualDL4) / 4
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ = (Nb of speech frames wrongly decoded (BFI=1)
/ Total nb of speech frames of the CQS)
VQ_AVERAGE = Number of consecutive SACCH measurements from which the reported Level and Quality notes
(UL and DL) are averaged. The resulting averages represent the level and quality of the corresponding Call
Quality Sample, i.e. the portion of the call over which level and quality have been measured.
AV_RXLEV_xx_VQ = Average xx level measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH)
AV_RXQUAL_xx_VQ = Average xx quality measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH)
VQ_RXQUAL
0 Level (dBm)
-110 VQ_RXLEV -47
1 6 21 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
GSM QoS Monitoring Radio Measurement Statistics Indicators
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpc = PAR_VQ_AVERAGE
RMSpd = PAR_VQ_RXLEV
RMSpe = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL
RMSpf = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER
Call Quality Sample (A CQS) will be qualified as “of bad level” if the Average RxLevel is lower than VQ_RXLEV.
A CQS will be qualified as “of bad quality” if the Average RxQuality is greater than VQ_RXQUAL.
For FER counters, VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER is used instead of VQ_RXQUAL to qualify a CQS as “of bad quality” if
the Average FER is also checked (compared to VQ_xx_RXFER).
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpg = PAR_VQ_GOOD_RXFER
RMSph = PAR_VQ_ BAD_RXFER
RMSpi = PAR_VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
RMSpj = PAR_VQ_FER_THRESHOLD
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10
Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10
Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path
VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE = RMS11
Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the downlink path
VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE = RMS12
Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the uplink path
VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE = RMS13
Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the downlink path
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED = RMS14
Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad
coverage on the uplink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE or
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE
VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED = RMS15
Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad
coverage on the downlink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE or
VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER = RMS16
Number of calls with bad quality measurements and with bad FER
measurements on the uplink path
Bad quality means bad RXQUAL whatever RXLEV is
VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER = RMS17
Number of calls with bad quality measurements but with good FER
measurements on the uplink path
VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER = RMS18
Number of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER
measurements on the uplink path
These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Vector of the Number of Measurement Results per Path Balance band
RMPBV = RMS_PathBalance_sample
Average Path Balance value
RMPBAN = RMS_PathBalance_avg
A Templates modification is needed to have more details.
Vector Counter
RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE
TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
RMS Parameters
Radio Quality Statistics:
Parameters used to define intervals for RXLEV, Path Balance, Radio Link
Counter and Consecutive Frame Erasure, TA statistics
No parameters needed for AMR measurements (counters, see later)
MEAS_STAT_LEV1 to MEAS_STAT_LEV9:
9 thresholds on the received radio level value defining 10 RXLEV bands
-110 MEAS_STAT_LEV(i+1) MEAS_STAT_LEV(i) < -47 dBm
MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL1 to MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL9:
9 thresholds on the radio signal propagation loss difference between UL and
DL defining 10 Path Balance bands
-110< MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i) MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i+1) +110 dB
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt5 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_LEV = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_LEVi
RMSpt4 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_PATH_BALANCE = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_PATH_BALi
The Path Balance is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between:
Path loss on the uplink: received level by the BTS - MS power level
Path loss on the downlink: received level by the MS - BS power level
where the BTS power level is computed as the BTS nominal power minus by the BTS power relative
level.
Therefore the Path balance is computed as follows:
Path Balance = (RXLEV_UL - MS_TXPWR) - (RXLEV_DL - [BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER - abs(BS_TXPWR)])
where
RXLEV_UL is the received signal levels measured by the BTS on the uplink path (in dBm).
MS_TXPWR is the MS transmitted power converted by the BTS from the MS power level into dBm
value according to the frequency band of the TRX.
BS_TXPWR is the BTS transmitted power offset defined relatively to the maximum absolute
output power of the BTS (negative value in dB).
BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER is the maximum power of the BTS after Combiner (in dBm).
RXLEV_DL is the received signal levels measured by the MS on the downlink path (in dBm).
NOTE: Additional asymetric DL loss (external combiner) or UL gain (TMA) are not taken into account in the
computation, so they must be considered when interpreting the RMS results.
RMS Parameters
Radio Quality Statistics:
TA_STAT: threshold on the timing advance value defining a priori the range
of the cell (0 to 64 bits)
MEAS_STAT_TA1 to MEAS_STAT_ TA9:
9 thresholds for the timing advance to define 10 TA Bands
MEAS_STAT_S1 to MEAS_STAT_S9:
9 thresholds on the BTS Radio Link Counter S value defining 10 S bands
0 < MEAS_STAT_S(i) MEAS_STAT_S(i+1) 128 SACCH mfr
S: counter managed by the BTS on a per call basis
S = RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS if good radio conditions
S decremented if bad radio conditions
The BSS triggers a call drop when S = 0
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt3 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_S = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_Si
RMSpb = PAR_TA_STAT
RMSpt6 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_TA = Table of value for 9 parameters: MEAS_STAT_TA1 to TA9
a threshold on Timing Advance measurement to define bands used for RMS
RMS Parameters
Radio Quality Statistics:
MEAS_STAT_BFI1 to MEAS_STAT_BFI9:
9 thresholds on the number of consecutive speech frames with BFI set to 1
defining 10 BFI bands
0 < MEAS_STAT_BFI(i) MEAS_STAT_BFI(i+1) 25 speech frame
The BTS decodes 24 speech frames (sf) from 1 uplink SACCH multi-frame:
and 1 SACCH frame (or block)
Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt2 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_BFI = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_BFIi
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL: matrix of 8x10 elements UL(RXQUAL i, RXLEV
band j), each element is made up of:
Samplesij: norm of number of measurement result samples in which UL RxQual is
equal to i and UL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
MS PWR levelij: average value of MS power (in dBm) from pwr levels reported in
these samples
Timing Advanceij: average value of TAs reported in these samples
TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULRXQUAL(RXLEV band
j), each element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which UL RxQual is equal to i
(i=0 to 7) and UL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in
RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 35
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL: matrix of 8x10 elements DL(RXQUAL i, RXLEV
band j), each element is made up of:
Samplesij: norm of number of measurement result samples in which DL RxQual is
equal to i and DL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
BS PWR levelij: average value of BS power (in dBm) from pwr levels reported in these
samples
Timing Advanceij: average value of TAs reported in these samples
TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL: vector of 10 elements DLRXQUAL(RXLEV band j),
each element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which DL RxQual is equal to i
(i=0 to 7) and DL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
RMS4a=TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL RMS4b=TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL
The real number of Measurement Results in which DL RxQual is equal to i and DL RxLev is in
RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254
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3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 36
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
TPR_PATH_BALANCE: vector of 10 elements UL/DL(PATH BALANCE band j),
each element is made up of:
the norm of number of measurement result samples for which the computed Path
Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j
MAX_PATH_BALANCE:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Path
Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j (j=1 to 10)
RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE
The real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE
band j, is equal to:
S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254
TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
TPR_RADIO_LINK: vector of 10 elements UL(S band j), each element is made
up of:
the norm of number of measurement result samples for which the Uplink Radio Link
Counter is in S band j
MAX_RADIO_LINK:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the Uplink Radio
Link Counter is in S band j (j=1 to 10)
RMS6a=TPR_RADIO_LINK RMS6b=MAX_RADIO_LINK
The real number of Measurement Results in which Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S
band j, is equal to:
S(S band j) x Max / 254
TPR_RADIO_LINK(j) x MAX_RADIO_LINK / 254
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL: matrix of 10x10 elements UL(BFI i, RXLEV band j), each
element is made up of:
the norm of number of SACCH multi-frames in which the number of consecutive
speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev reported in the
corresponding measurement results is in RXLEV band j
TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULBFI(RXLEV band j), each
element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of SACCH multi-frames in which the
number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i (i=0 to 9) and
UL RxLev reported in the corresponding measurement results is in RXLEV band j
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames
with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 39
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
RMS Counters
Radio Quality Statistics
The BTS increments the BFI (or CFE) counter as soon as consecutive
speech frames cannot be decoded
isolated speech frames with BFIs set to 1 are not counted
sequences of not decoded speech frames are cumulated
Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24 SACCH f.
CFE
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
RxLev UL
10 11 9 12 12 11 11 10 3 2 0 8 9 5 3 7 2 1 2 7 3 8 2 3 5
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames
with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 40
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames
with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 41
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames
with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to:
S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 42
5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX
5.3 Radio Quality Counters [cont.]
The distribution of number of measurement reports for which the value of timing advance is in TA band X is
described below:
There are 10 TA bands which are defined through 9 thresholds parameters, tunable on a cell basis, using the
RMS_parameters_template:
TA band 1 is defined by: 0 <= TA < Meas_STAT_TA_1
TA band 2 is defined by: MEAS_STAT_TA_1 <= TA < MEAS_STAT_TA_2
…
TA band 10 is defined by: MEAS_STAT_TA_9 <= TA < 63
The TRE counts for each TA band the number of measurement results, N1 to N10. To save on the memory
resources, these counters are sent to the BSC in a coded format.
Downlink:
TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54 Table of 10 results
that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink
rxqual in corresponding timing advance band.
TPR_UL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS53
Table of 10 results; Each cell (i) of the table contains the average value of UpLink Rxqual of reports in TA
band i.
Averaged Rxqual is given with a precision of 2 digits after the comma (step size for coding = 0.01, 0 coded 0,
0.01 coded 1, ...).
i = 1...10
TA band i is defined by MEAS_STAT_TA_ (i-1)<= Timing Advance < MEAS_STAT_TA_i
MEAS_STAT_TA_0 = 0 bper, MEAS_STAT_LEV_10 = 63 bper.
TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54
Table of 10 results (same for Downlink).
MAX_POWER_PER_TRX= RMSPw3
Maximum GMSK TRX power level applied at the BTS antenna output connector in dBm.
The power takes into account the different losses (cables, internal combiners) and the internal/ external
leveling but it does not take into account the BS-TXPWR-MAX, attenuation required by the OMC_R.
If the feature “unbalancing TRX output power per BTS sector" is activated (parameter “En-Unbalanced-
Output-Power” set to 1), the counter is set by the BTS to the power required by the BSC for the corresponding
TRE (i.e. for the TRE on which is mapped that TRX).
RMS Parameters
C/I statistics:
parameters defining intervals for C/I statistics
Annex 2
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt1 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_C/I = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_C_Ii
RMSp80 = NEIGB_CELL_ID
RMSp90 = Frequency ARFCN
RMS Counters
RMS8a=TPR_CIN RMS8b=TMR_CIN
For each declared/reported neighboring cell, the identification of this cell shall be done as follows:
BCCH_ARFCN and BSIC.
The BCCH ARFCN is deduced in the BTS from the BCCH frequency index and the list of indexed frequencies
(sent by the BSC at the beginning of the RMS job).
The RMS results report shall include all reported neighboring cells. Some of them correspond to known cells at
the BSS level (i.e. their BSIC matches what is expected at the BSC side) but some of them are unknown (their
BSIC does not match). However, the BTS will handle the same for both cases.
The list of frequencies to be monitored by the mobile is limited to 33 but due to ‘resurgence’, the same
frequency can be reported several times (each time with a different BSIC). If the number of reported cells is
above the dimensioning limit (maximum 42 CI-vectors are reported), the extra new reported frequencies are
not taken into account anymore. In the result report, the related overflow indicator is set accordingly.
RMS Counters
TPR_CIF: vector of 10 elements C/If(C/I band j), each element is made up of:
the norm of number of Extended Measurement Results samples for which the
computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j
MR_CIF:
maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed
Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10)
TPR_CIF and MR_CIF counters are provided for up to 21 frequencies (serving cell
BCCH + 20 MAFA frequencies)
RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF
For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency
ARFCN.
In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required: the frequency
ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS
from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered
frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at
the beginning of the RMS job.
The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence the
maximum in the report is 21 too. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future expansion in
GSM), only the first 21 are reported.
The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list.
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 53
7 Call Drop with Specific Radio Causes
The objective is to associate a specific radio cause (too low level, too
bad quality, etc.) to each call drop, in the RMS statistics.
Each time a BSS triggered call release happens, the BSC shall use the
last measurements received for this MS to compute what is the
probable cause of the drop
According to some thresholds
If several causes are eligible, only the one with the highest priority shall be
reported.
Could then be used to increment counters
RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF
The Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is
in C/I band j, is equal to:
S(C/I band j) x Max / 254
TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254
For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency
ARFCN.
In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required: the frequency
ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS
from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered
frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at
the beginning of the RMS job.
The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence the
maximum in the report is 21 too. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future expansion in
GSM), only the first 21 are reported.
The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list.
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 55
7 Call Drop with Specific Radio Causes
B10
7.2 Thresholds for Detection
RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF
For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency
ARFCN.
In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required: the frequency
ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS
from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered
frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at
the beginning of the RMS job.
The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence the
maximum in the report is 21 too. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future expansion in
GSM), only the first 21 are reported.
The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list.
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
3JK11048AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 1 Module 6 Page 56
7 Call Drop with Specific Radio Causes
B10
7.3 Counters
RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF
the Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is
in C/I band j, is equal to:
S(C/I band j) x Max / 254
TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254
For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency
ARFCN.
In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required: the frequency
ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS
from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered
frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at
the beginning of the RMS job.
The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence the
maximum in the report is 21 too. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future expansion in
GSM), only the first 21 are reported.
The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list.
The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when
using Slow Frequency Hopping. In this case, RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as
perceived by the end user.
FER measurements are available for the uplink path only.
These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path
RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the
uplink path
RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined
Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering of VQ problems on the dowlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate
This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy.
Not acceptable
coverage limit:
Too low level
Too bad quality
A coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low
level and bad quality (RxQual).
To confirm the distribution of samples per RXLEV band, should be also considered to know the proportion of
calls which are experiencing a low signal level.
If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only)
then a BTS hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected.
If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be
suspected.
These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band
RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxLev band
RMQLDLVDV = RMS_DL_RxLevel_distrib
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxQual band
RMQLDQUDV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_distrib
Not acceptable
coverage limit: Acceptable coverage limit:
Too low level Sufficient level and good quality
Too bad quality
% of TA value over TA
threshold has also to be
considered
In order to know if the coverage problem is due to a big amount of traffic at the cell border or rather to
indoor calls, the average TA value per RXQUAL value and RXLEV band as well as the Percentage of TA values
over the TA threshold should be observed.
Matrix of Average TA per UL RxQual value and per UL RxLev band
RMQLUTAM = RMS_UL_RxQuality_RxLevel_TimingAdvance
Rate of Measurements Results whose TA is greater than the TA threshold
RMTAGTR = RMS_TimingAdvance_greater_threshold_rate
Maximum TA value of all values reported in Measurement Results
RMTAMXN = RMS_TimingAdvance_max
Give the list of the RMS counters and parameters used in the 3 previous
slides.
Time allowed:
10 minutes
Interpret this
graph.
Time allowed:
10 minutes
These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band
RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample
Vector of Average DL RxQual per RxLev band
RMQLDQUAV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg_per_RxLevel
Average DL RxQuality
RMQLDQUAN = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg
Interpret this
graph.
Average DL RxQuality =
2.81
Interpret this
graph.
Time allowed:
15 minutes
Interpret
this graph.
Time allowed:
10 minutes
Time allowed:
10 minutes
Counters used for post-processing the RMS results provided per TRX
TOT_SEIZ_TCH: number of TCH channels successfully seized by the MS
TOT_MEAS: number of Measurement Results used for RMS
TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO: number of Measurement Results used for RMS
statistics for which Layer 1 info is present but Layer 3 is missing
TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics
for which DTX UL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr
TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics
for which DTX DL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr
TOT_EMR: number of Extended Measurement Results used for RMS statistics
Note:
If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL =1), the counters on
consecutive BFIs (RMS5a, RMS5b) shall not be incremented and the corresponding measurement result shall
not be taken into account in these RMS counters.
If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL = 1), the FER measurement
does not take place.
Counters used for interpreting the RMS results provided per TRX:
TRE_BAND: frequency band of the TRX
BS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the BTS on any channel
of the TRX as an offset from the maximum absolute output power (in dB)
MS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the MS using any
channel of the TRX (in dBm)
IND_TRE_OVERLOAD: boolean indicating if the TRE handling the TRX function
has experienced a data loss due to a processor overload during the RMS
campaign
IND_RMS_RESTARTED: boolean indicating if the RMS job has been restarted on
the concerned TRE during the RMS campaign due to a modification of the RMS
parameter values or a TRE reset
Counters used for interpreting the C/I RMS results provided per TRX:
IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION: made up of 2 booleans indicating that:
C/In computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of
neighboring cells during the RMS campaign
C/If computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of MAFA
frequencies during the RMS campaign
IND_CI_OVERFLOW: boolean indicating that the upper limit of 42 C/I sets of
counters has been exceeded (each new reported neighboring cell (BCCH,
BSIC) has not been taken into account in RMS statistics)
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 7
Traffic Indicators
3JK11049AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Call Mix Definition 7
2 Basis of Traffic Theory 15
3 TCH Resource Allocation Indicators 29
4 Resource Occupancy Indicators 34
5 Traffic Model Indicators 37
6 Preemption Indicators 40
1 7 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators
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All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
In a GSM network, telecom procedures involve different kinds of resource in the BSS:
Location Update: RACH, AGCH, SDCCH and SCCP
Originated Call: RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP
Terminated Call: PCH, RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP
Handover: TCH, SCCP
etc.
Caution: Call duration means here TCH duration. The duration of a call from call setup to call release is an NSS
notion.
After commercial opening, the number of calls per hour will be measured from traffic counters.
Usually the Marketing team will provide:
on a per geographical area or morphostructure basis:
the traffic per km2 (in Erlang),
the traffic per subscriber (in mErl).
the number of calls per hour.
A Call Mix will be used at Radio Network Design and Radio Network Planning stages in order to define the capacity
of the network (number of sites, TRXs per site, radio configuration, number of Abis-PCM, A-PCM).
When the network is in operation, a Call Mix is used in order to anticipate network extension or re-dimensioning.
Some advises
Time allowed:
15 minutes
Example:
For 1 TCH, observed during 1 hour
one can observe 2 calls: 1 of 80 seconds and 1 of 100 seconds
The Erlang C law modelizes better the TCH resource usage of the BSS since it takes into account the queuing.
However the Erlang C law is never used since parameters like size of the queue and time spent into the queue
have to be tuned.
Using Abacus
Example:
1 cell with 8 TRXs, with 60 TCH channels
Maximum blocking rate: 2 %
The Erlang B law is less relevant for SDCCH dimensioning since SDCCH traffic cannot be modelized like TCH
traffic. Indeed SDCCH is not only due to subscriber traffic but also to Location Update, SMS, IMSI Detach, etc.
For SDCCH dimensioning, some typical configurations are used according to the number of TRXs in the cell, the LA
plan.
Channels (12;2%) = 19
example: 3 TRXs, 21 TCHs, 1 BCCH, 2 SDCCHs/8
Forecast traffic
traffic forecasting must be computed according to the offered traffic
not directly on the measured traffic
In order to plan the necessary actions soon enough, one must compute
regularly the date when the traffic of a cell will become critical
Critical traffic
critical traffic: when the offered traffic will induce 2% of blocking
traffic capacity of a cell = critical traffic of this cell
cell call mix info Erlang TCH traffic forecast proposed config
Offered traffic
12, 743 450 call/ hour 10,08 Erlang TCH 30 % offered traffic 13,1 Erlang TCH - > 20 TCH
mean TCH call duration : 80 increase 3 TRX
sec
blocking rate TCH : 0.8%
These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7. From B8, the counters needed for these indicators are
added to type 110.
Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 27: "FR to HR channel adaptation due to a good radio quality" on a TCH
channel
= HCSTAMFN = MC448B
Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 26: "HR to FR channel adaptation due to a bad radio quality" on a TCH
channel
= HCSTAMHN = MC448A
These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7. From B8, the counters needed for these
Indicators are added to type 110.
TCNACAN indicator is also available as the MAX value of the day on the A9156 RNO tool.
TCTRFTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM
frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380C
TCTRHTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM
frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380D
TCTRFTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the
DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380E
TCTRHTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the
DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380F
C750 and C751 are 2 counters introduced from B7 in type 18. Both are provided per TTCH (A channel):
C750 = TIME_A_CHANNEL_BUSY: Time (in seconds) during which the A channel is busy (allocated)
C751 = NB_A_CHANNEL_ALLOC: Number of allocations of the A channel
SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS = Total number of SDCCH establishments for network access = MC01 + MC02
These indicators allow to get call mix data from the network.
[MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G] = Total number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location
update)
MC706 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting the E-GSM
band
MC850 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting two
frequency bands (ex: GSM900 and DCS1800)
MC703 = Total number of TCH allocations (FR+HR) for Normal Assignment
MC704A = Number of TCH allocations (FR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only
MC704B = Number of TCH allocations (HR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only
MC704 (Allocation AMR FR+HR) is removed in B8
MC170 = Number of TCH calls for which a TFO has been successfully established
Preemption rules:
A TCH request with pci=1 and priority level=p1 will preempt an on-going
call with pvi=1 and priority level=p2, p2 lower than p1 (whatever pci
value)
the on-going call with the lowest priority level value shall be elected
first and if several calls have the same lowest p2 value, one of them
with pci bit set to 0 is preferred
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 8
Case Studies
3JK11050AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Document History
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Congestion 7
2 Sector Problem 9
3 QSCSSR 11
4 Quality 13
5 RMS Level 15
6 Interference 17
7 BSS Problem 19
1 8 6
GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies
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All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
From this RNO table: What is the worst SDCCH congested cell?
Write the formula using the reference name (MCx) and compute the
CSSR for these 2 cells:
(1 - SDCCH_drop_%) * ( 1 - RTCH_assign_unsuccess_%)
With:
SDCCH_drop_% = SDCCH_drop / SDCCH_assign_success
RTCH_ass_Un_%= RTCH_assign_unsuccess / RTCH_assign_request
Repartition HO Quality 22/01/2003 23/01/2003 24/01/2003 25/01/2003 27/01/2003 28/01/2003 29/01/2003 30/01/2003
DL_QUAL 64 63 69 58 26 36 32 34
% DL_QUAL 3.12% 2.76% 3.27% 3.22% 1.30% 1.94% 1.69% 2.64%
UL_QUAL 55 51 433 263 338 466 1053 348
% UL_QUAL 2.68% 2.23% 20.54% 14.59% 16.93% 25.09% 55.68% 27.00%
Nber of HO 2054 2286 2108 1802 1996 1857 1891 1289
Section 1
GSM QoS Monitoring
Module 9
Annexes
3JK11051AAAAWBZ Issue 01
Document History
Describe …
List …
Explain …
Identify ...
Page
Switch to notes view!
1 Radio Measurement Reporting 7
2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) 11
3 Directed Retry Indicators 14
4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks 32
5 LCS 42
6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) 65
7 B8 Improvements 69
8 B9 Improvements 71
9 Dynamic SDCCH Allocation 73
10 Handover Detection for Concentric Cells 83
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Meast
Report
Meast
Meast Result
Report
BSC
L1 Info
L3 Info
Measurement
Report
From the MS
Back
Back
When the BTS receives a CHANNEL ACTIVATION with the Extended Measurement Order (EMO) included, it shall
send this information on the SACCH to the corresponding mobile only once.
When the BTS has to send this information, it shall replace the sending of system information 5, 5bis, 5ter or 6
by this information. At the next SACCH multi-frame, the BTS shall resume the sending of this system
information by the replaced one.
The EMO shall be sent after 2 complete sets of SYS_INFO5 and 6, i.e. after the 2nd SYSINFO 6 after the
reception of SABM. This guarantees the MS has received a complete set.
Then, the BTS normally receives from the MS an EXTENDED MEASUREMENT RESULT with the level of the
frequencies to monitor. The BTS shall make the correlation between these levels and the frequencies
contained in the latest EMO information, after having decoded them, according to the order of the ARFCN. The
‘EXTENDED_MEASUREMENT_RESULT’ is NOT forwarded to the BSC, instead a ‘MEASUREMENT_RESULT’ with
indication ‘no_MS_results’ is sent to the BSC.
In particular, the BTS shall identify the level of the BCCH frequency of the serving cell (which shall always be
part of the frequencies to monitor) and apply it as the RXLEV_DL in the Radio Measurement Statistics. The
other frequencies will be considered in the same way as BCCH frequency of neighboring cells: they will be
linked to the neighboring level and C/I statistics.
All the counters here and in the next slides concerning directed retry and relative to type 29 can be activated for all cells of
the BSC at once from B8. (Type 29 becomes a standard type in B8):
C142a, C142b, C142c, C142d, C143a, C143b, C143c, C143d, C143e, C143f, C143g, C143h, C144a, C144b, C144c, C144d,
C145a, C145b, C145c, C145d, C151, C152,C153, C154, C555
DR Preparation:
congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell
does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Standard Type
All incoming internal DR failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter C152.
This counter is provided in Type 29
Both radio failures with Reversion Old SDCCH Channel and radio drop are counted together.
DR Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
radio problem: the MS drops
BSS problem (no specific counter)
T3103 expiry
C143B or C143F
------------------------>
ASSIG NM ENT
FAILURE
“Radio interface
m essage failure”
Release of SDCCH and TCH
The following DR counters are provided in Type 110 for the serving cell:
MC144F: outgoing external DR requests,
MC142F: outgoing external DR successes.
The following DR counters are provided in Type 29 for the serving cell:
C144B: forced outgoing external DR requests,
C144D: normal outgoing external DR requests,
C145B: forced outgoing external DR attempts,
C145D: normal outgoing external DR attempts,
C142B: forced outgoing external DR successes,
C142D: normal outgoing external DR successes.
No counter is provided for the target cell for an external DR since an incoming DR cannot always be discriminated
from an incoming external HO. Therefore incoming external DRs are counted together with incoming external HOs
in the related counters.
DR Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel
radio problem: the MS drops
BSS problem (no specific counter)
C145D,C143G: Normal DR
C145D,C143H: Normal DR
Interesting indicator:
TCQUSUDSR: rate of outgoing internal and external directed retries (forced + normal) successfully
performed over all RTCH requests queued during normal assignment.
7 Application
User of Transport Service
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
Network Transport Service
2 Data Link Service
1 Physical
Layer 1
Physical; Responsible for the transparent transmission of information across
the physical medium (HDB3, PCM, AMI)
Layer 2
Data Link; Responsible for providing a reliable transfer between the terminal
and the network (#7, LAPD,etc.)
Layer 3
Network; responsible for setting up and maintaining the connection across a
network (CM, MM, RR, Message routing, etc.)
Layer 4
Transport; responsible for the control of quality of service (Layer of
information)
Layer 5
Session; Handles the coordination between the user processes (Set up
transfer of information)
Layer 6
Presentation; responsible for ensuring that the information is presented to
the eventual user in a meaningful way (Type format. Ex. ASCII)
Layer 7
Application; provides lower levels with user interface (Operating System)
CM CM
MM MM LAYER 3
RR BSSAP BSSAP
RR BSSAP
RR
BTSM
SCCP SCCP
LAYER 2
MTP MTP
LAPDm LAPDm LAPD LAPD
digit digit
64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s LAYER 1
radio radio
(detailed)
BSS BSS
RR MAP MAP SSGT SSGT
SCCP
Layer 1-3
MTP 1-3
BSSMAP
Contains the messages, which are exchanged between the BSC and the MSC
and which are evaluated from the BSC
In fact all the messages which are exchanged as RR (Radio Resource
Management Services between the MSC, BSC and MS). Also control
Information concerning the MSC and BSC
Example: Paging, HND_CMD, Reset
DTAP
Messages which are exchanged between an NSS and an MS transparent. In this
case, the BSC transfers the messages without evaluation transparent. Mainly
Messages from Mobility Management (MM) and Call Control (CC)
MS MSC
Radio Resource (RR) BSS
BSSMAP
Back
Where am I? MSC
A Lg
BTS Abis Le External
GMLC LCS client
BSC
1
Where is my son?
GPS OSP
Lb reference 3
MS network
Abis Lh
Send_Routing_Info rqst
Send_Routing_Info resp
Provide_Subscriber_Location
Paging
Authentication + Ciphering
.
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
MC923a
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Abort
MC923d
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Response
Success MC923b Provide_Subscriber_Location Result
BSSMAP Clear Command and Release
LCS Service Response
Four counters
MC923a NB_LCS_REQ Number of location requests received from the MSC in CS domain.
MC923b NB_LCS_SUCC Number of successful location requests performed in a BSS.
MC923c NB_LCS_FAIL_LB Number of location requests rejected by the SMLC.
MC923d NB_LCS_ABORT Number of location aborts received from the MSC in CS domain.
Other counters in SMLC (MFS) provide details by type of positioning (CI+TA, Conventional GPS, MS-Assisted A-GPS,
MS-Based A-GPS) and for different Error causes.
See the next slide.
STANDARD DEVIATION:
standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion around the average point
P830: ST_DEV_TA_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with TA Method
P831: ST_DEV_TA_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with TA Method
P832: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with Conventional
GPS Method
P833: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with
Conventional GPS Method
P834: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted
A-GPS Method
P835: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted
A-GPS Method
P836: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted
A-GPS Method
P837: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted
A-GPS Method
1 2 3
Abis
Where Emergency call Where is Where is
am I? the accident? my son?
BTS OSP
A Lg Le
MSC External
BSC GMLC
LCS client
Abis
Lh
BTS Lb
HLR
Provide
subscriber location
5
Paging,
authentication, Provide
BTS OSP
ciphering, subscriber Location
notification location request
MSC
BSC 4 3 GMLC 1
6 7 Location report 7 2 8
BTS
Individual Routing Location
positioning information response
MFS HLR
SMLC
If the MS is in idle mode, the MSC first performs a CS paging, authentication and ciphering in order to establish
an SDCCH with the MS. The MS subscriber is not aware of it, i.e. no ringing tone, except towards GPRS MS in
Packet Transfer Mode which may suspend its GPRS traffic in order to answer to the CS Paging (i.e. not fully
transparent for the subscriber).
When the MS is in dedicated mode (after a specific SDCCH establishment for location, or during an on-going
call), the MSC sends the location request to BSC in the existing SCCP connection for the current call, which
forwards it to the SMLC.
SMLC
Target MS BSC
(MFS)
RRLP RRLP
(04.31) (04.31)
Relay BSSLAP
BSSLAP (08.71)
RR
RR
(04.18) BSSAP-LE
BSSAP-LE
(09.31)
L2 L2
L2-GSL L2-GSL
(LAPDm) (LAPDm)
L1 L1 L1-GSL L1-GSL
Um Lb
Send_Routing_Info request
Send_Routing_Info response
Provide_Subscriber_Location
Paging
Authentication + Ciphering
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
Starts
T_Location
The time of transfer of the assitance data on the SDCCH is estimated about 14s for a 1000 octets information.
ID
given by the azimuth)
TH
MS
estimated location
TA
LCS_LONGITUDE
553
m
Ser
vin
ce
g
ll (
CI)
3dB point
given by the azimuth
and the HPBW
With the TA positioning method, no signaling exchange is required between the SMLC and the MS (i.e. RRLP protocol is not
required). The TA positioning method is applicable to all the MSs (supporting LCS or not).
Based on:
Cell Identity (CI) of the serving cell.
Timing Advance (TA) value reported by MS:
intersection point of a line from the BTS antenna in their main direction with a circle which radius is corresponding
with the propagation delay (timing advance) is the MS estimated position.
Omni-directional cells: MS position = site position.
Parameters:
EN_LCS – flag to enable/disable the Location Services per BSS
0 = Enabled; 1= Disabled; Default = 0
IF EN_LCS=1, CI+TA method is enabled in all the BSS cells
LCS_LATITUDE: Latitude of the BTS supporting the cell
LCS_LONGITUDE: Longitude of the BTS supporting the cell
LCS_AZIMUTH: Antenna direction orientation for the sector supporting the cell
HALFPWR_BEAM_WIDTH: Antenna half power beamwidth for the sector supporting the cell
Optimization parameters:
ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when
computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS
when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method
MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR :Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS
when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method
Perform
Location
Request
Location
Measurement Position Request
Request
Assistance data gathered from a GPS reference network receiver is broadcast to the GPS MS.
Flags/Parameters
EN_LCS = 1
EN_MS_BASED_AGPS – enables/disables the positioning method MS Based A-GPS per CELL
0 = disabled; 1 = enabled; default = 0
EN_MS_ASSISTED_AGPS – enables/disables the positioning method MS Assisted A-GPS per CELL
0 = disabled; 1 = enabled; default = 0
Perform
Location
Request GPS info
Request
GPS info
Location Response
Request
Assistance Data
Assistance
Data Assistance Data Acknowledge
Positioning calculation:
latitude, longitude Position
and altitude Measurement Position Request
Request
Location Perform
Response Location
(X,Y): Response (X,Y)
computed position
Using assistance data, the MS computes by itself the position and sends it back to the SMLC.
Perform
Location
Request GPS info
Request
GPS info
Location Response
Request
Assistance Data
Assistance
Data Assistance Data Acknowledge
Pseudo-range
measurements (M)
Position Measurement Position Request
Request
Using a reduced set of assistance data, the MS makes pseudo–range measurements and sends the result to the
A-GPS server, which fixes the position in the end.
HO preparation
Inhibition of “better cell handovers”
Other HO
MS BTS BSC SMLC MSC GMLC HLR LCS client
Send_Routing_Info request
Send_Routing_Info response
Provide_Subscriber_Location
Paging
Authentication + Ciphering
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
Starts
T_Location
HO management
Internal HO
Intra BSC
HO
on going
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response
BSSLAP - Reset
Mobile in communication
HO management
External HO
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Abort
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response
BSS PARAMETERS
EN_LCS (BSC): Flag which enables or disables the LCS feature in the BSS.
EN_SAGI: Flag indicating whether SAGI is configured or not for this BSS.
T_Location: BSC timer on a per call basis to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location Request,
when no RRLP exchange is triggered with the MS.
T_Location_longer: BSC timer on a per call basis to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location
Request, when an RRLP exchange is triggered with the MS. Replace T_Location timer in case of Conventional
GPS, MS-Assisted A-GPS, MS-Based A-GPS.
T_Loc_Abort: BSC timer to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location Abort.
T_LCS_LowDelay: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message
exchange with the target MS) in case of a Low Delay Location Request.
T_LCS_DelayTolerant: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message
exchange with the target MS) in case of a Delay Tolerant Location Request.
T_LCS_LowDelay: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message
exchange with the target MS) in case of a Low Delay Location Request.
T_RRLP_Low_delay: Timer to guard the RRLP exchange between the SMLC and the MS .
T_RRLP_delay_tolerant: Timer to guard the RRLP exchange between the SMLC and the MS.
Optimization data:
ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by the
MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by
the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method
MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by
the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method
EN_CONV_GPS LCS_LATITUDE
EN_MS_ASSISTED_AGPS LCS_LONGITUDE
EN_MS_BASED_AGPS LCS_SIGNIFICANT_GC
LCS_AZIMUTH
HALF_POWER_BANDWIDTH
CELL PARAMETERS
EN_CONV_GPS: Flag to enable/disable the Conventional GPS positioning method.
EN_MS_ASSISTED_AGPS: Flag to enable/disable the MS Assisted A-GPS positioning method.
EN_MS_BASED_AGPS: Flag to enable/disable the MS Based A-GPS positioning method.
LCS_LATITUDE: Latitude of the BTS supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based on
TA positioning method).
LCS_LONGITUDE: Longitude of the BTS supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based
on TA positioning method).
LCS_SIGNIFICANT_GC: Indicates whether latitude and longitude are significant or not
LCS_AZIMUTH: Antenna direction orientation for the sector supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute
location estimate based on TA positioning method).
HALF_POWER_BANDWIDTH: Half power beam width of the antenna for the sector supporting the cell (used by
the MFS to compute location estimate based on TA positioning method).
Remark: To have LCS supported for a cell, the operator must activate LCS on the BSS handling this cell but he
must also activate GPRS for this cell (i.e. setting of MAX_PDCH to a value > 0, the cell being kept locked for GPRS
if the operator does not want to have GPRS running on this cell) and configure all the required transmission
resources (Ater and Gb resources) on the GPU(s) connected to this BSC.
Time allowed:
10 minutes
Ser
A: ARC_SIZE_FACTOR r1
vin
B: MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR
ce
g
r2
C: MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR ll (
CI)
Back
An ellipsoid arc is a shape characterized by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point o (the origin), inner radius r1,
uncertainty radius r2, both radii being geodesic distances over the surface of the ellipsoid, the offset angle ( )
between the first defining radius of the ellipsoid arc and North, and the included angle ( ) being the angle
between the first and second defining radii. The offset angle is within the range of 0° to 359,999…° while the
included angle is within the range from 0,000…1° to 360°. This is to be able to describe a full circle, 0° to 360°
For CI+TA method which is default one, the answer is given by description of "ellipsoid arc".
Optimization parameters:
ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by
the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by
the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned
by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
OMC-R BSC
BTS
Back
Measurements:
Only with Evolium BTS
DL power data are collected by each TRE for each band (2 considered bands: 850/900 and 1800/1900)
Recording of power effectively transmitted to the antenna in Watt
Power control, DTX and unused TS are taken into account
Loss due to stages (Any, AN) and cables between TRE output and BTS antenna output connector taken into
account
Measurements averaged every hour per cell and per frequency band
Allocated
Dynamic SDCCH/8 Max
timeslots
Min
TCH Capacity
Static SDCCH
timeslots
Definitions
A Static SDCCH timeslot is a physical timeslot fixed allocated on the air interface. It contains 3, 4, 7 or 8 SDCCH
sub-channels depending on whether the timeslot is an SDCCH/3, SDCCH/4, SDCCH/7, or SDCCH/8 timeslot.
Principles
Too few SDCCH time slots could result in high blocking rate on SDCCH
(Configuration 1)
Too many SDCCH time slots could lead to a lack of TCH resources
(Configuration 2)
Configuration 1 Configuration 2
SDCCH
SDCCH time slots
time slots
Definition
An SDCCH is a logical SDCCH sub-channel mapped on a Static SDCCH timeslot or a Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot.
Allocation of
Dynamic SDCCH/8
times slots
BCC: BCCH
SDC : Static SDCCH
SDD : Dynamic SDCCH
BCC
BCC SDC
SDC TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
SDD
TCH TCH
TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
Cell SDD
TCH
TCH TCH
TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
The location of the Dynamic SDCCH/8 time slots are fixed by O&M configuration.
SDCCH
Pure SDCCH or “ static SDCCH “
TCH
Pure TCH
TCH/SDCCH
“ dynamic SDCCH”
TCH/SPDCH
MPDCH
The OMC-R provides the BSC with the following O&M type of radio timeslots:
Main BCCH timeslot (BCC): It is a timeslot carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH.
Main combined BCCH timeslot (CBC): It is a timeslot carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/4.
Static SDCCH timeslot (SDC): It is a timeslot carrying SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8.
Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot (SDD): It is a timeslot carrying TCH + SACCH or SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8
TCH timeslot (TCH): It is a timeslot carrying TCH + SACCH or PDCH
A pure SDCCH timeslot can carry x SDCCH sub-channels where x equal to:
4 in case of combined CCCH and when CBCH is not configured on the timeslot,
7 in case of non-combined CCCH and when CBCH is configured on the timeslot,
3 in case of combined CCCH and when CBCH is configured on the timeslot,
8 for a normal SDCCH timeslot.
When allocated as SDCCH, a TCH/SDCCH timeslot can carry up to 8 SDCCH sub-channels.
SDCCH Request
Yes No
Note that an SDCCH request can not access the timeslots reserved by NUM_TCH_EGNCY_HO. If all
remaining TCH/SDCCH timeslots are reserved by NUM_TCH_EGNCY_HO, then the SDCCH request shall be
rejected.
GENERAL CASE:
all SDCCH sub-channels of a TCH/SDCCH timeslot become back free.
the T_DYN_SDCCH_HOLD timer (10s, not tunable) is started.
If the timeslot is still free of SDCCH sub-channel when the timer expires, it is
de-allocated (it becomes back TCH).
SPECIAL CASE:
several TCH/SDCCH timeslots are allocated as SDCCH
one of them becomes free of SDCCH sub-channels. Its timer starts.
a subsequent one becomes free of SDCCH sub-channels too before expiration
of the first one’s timer (10s).
one of them is immediately de-allocated (the one with “lowest priority”: see
previous slide in reverse order) and becomes back TCH.
For the last one, its timer is restarted (it will be de-allocated in 10s)
10 5
3 BTS 8 BTS
2 1 11
BTS 7 6
4 9 BTS
12
Default configuration for a cell which has only Full rate TRX
Maximum Is BCCH/CCCH
Number of TRX Number of Number of Total number
SDCCH/TRX combined with
in the cell Static SDCCH Dynamic SDCCH of SDCCH
ratio SDCCH?
1 4 8 12 12.0 (note 1) Yes
2 4 8 12 6.0 Yes
2 8 16 24 12.0 No
3 8 16 24 8.0 No
4 8 24 32 8.0 No
5 8 24 32 6.4 No
6 8 24 32 5.3 No
7 16 24 40 5.7 No
8 16 24 40 5.0 No
9 16 32 48 5.3 No
10 16 32 48 4.8 No
11 16 32 48 4.4 No
12 16 40 56 4.7 No
13 16 40 56 4.3 No
14 24 40 64 4.6 No
15 24 48 72 4.8 No
16 24 48 72 4.5 No
Note1: For one TRX, dynamic SDCCHs are over-dimensioned because of the granularity of 8. According to
the Alcatel-Lucent traffic model, all dynamic SDCCHs will not be used.
Note2: An additional dynamic SDCCH/8 must be provided for each DR TRX (these are expected mainly on
small cells).
Rules
At least one static SDCCH/4 or SDCCH/8 on BCCH TRX:
Up to 24 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per TRX.
Up to 32 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per TCU.
Up to 88 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per CELL.
n
ne
e
r zon
Oute
r zo ne
CAUSE 10: too low level on the uplink in the inner zone
CAUSE 11: too low level on the downlink in the inner zone
n
ne
e
r zon
Oute
r zo ne
ZONE_HO_HYST_UL
UL static hysteresis for interzone HO from outer to inner
In case of multi-band cell, should take into account the difference of
propagation between GSM and DCS
Added to cause 10 threshold RXLEV_UL_ZONE
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
DL static hysteresis for interzone HO from outer to inner
In case of multi-band cell, should take into account the difference of
propagation between GSM and DCS and the difference of BTS transmission
power in the two bands
Added to cause 11 threshold RXLEV_DL_ZONE
PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref)
Penalty PING_PONG_HCP put on cause 13 if
The immediately preceding zone in which the call
has been is the inner zone of the serving cell
And the last handover was not external intracell
And T_HCP is still running
PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref) = 0 n c e n t ric ce
If the call was not previously in the serving inner Co ll
zone
Or T_HCP has expired
n
ne
e
r zon
Oute
r zo ne
1 9 90 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes
EVOLIUM Base Station Subsystem Introduction to Quality of Service and Traffic Load Monitoring - B10
neighbour_RXLEV(0,n)
Inner zone Inner zone
interferer 1 I n ner z o n e interferer 2
?
Outer zone
C o n c e n tri c c e ll
EN_CAUSE_13
Load balance between inner and outer zones may be allowed by setting
EN_LOAD_BALANCE = ENABLE
If EN_LOAD_BALANCE = ENABLE
If INNER zone is less loaded than OUTER,
EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE
If INNER zone is more loaded than OUTER,
EN_CAUSE_13 = DISABLE
If EN_LOAD_BALANCE = DISABLE
EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE
I n n er z o n e ?
?
Oute r zone
C o n c e n t r ic c e l l C el l
IF
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_DL_ZONE + ZONE_HO_HYST_DL +
+ (BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
and EN_BETTER_ZONE_HO = ENABLE
The MS is directed towards the INNER zone
ELSE
The MS is directed towards the OUTER zone