Quantum Theory was first introduced by the German physicist Max
Planck in the early 20th century. In the following years it was developed by Bohr and was finally transformed into a present by Heisenberg and Schrödinger. Therefore, the quantum theory of quantum vision before 1925 is called classic quantum theory and after 1935 is called modern quantum theory. Well, why and how did quantum theory emerge at a point where most scientists thought that many events related to science had been solved and that the science of physics had been closed? Does modern science really explain quantum theory at the present time? Will it be possible to make phantom phenomena possible in the near future? The concept of atoms, is in Greek means indivisible, the idea that matter consists of atoms but proposed some 24 centuries ago, a experimental evidence could be shown until the 17th century. Finally Boyle, Avogadro and Dalton and with their experiments showed that substance composed of very small particles. However, the structure or size of these small particles called atoms were not precisely known until the end of the 19th century. However, at the end of this century, many events and traits could be calculated with such high sensitivities that even the leading physicists of the period thought that there was nothing to discover about the science of physics. This development in which Newton laid the foundations of classical physics led to the emergence of a great technology and the development of astronomical and mechanical sciences. Thomson found electrons in 1879 when he first studied cathode rays. Rutherford, who was interested in radioactivity, discovered the alpha and beta rays in 1898, and if Pierre and Marie Curie discovered polonium element. These discoveries encouraged physicists to do more research. Today, this mechanics is called classical mechanics (Newtonian Mechanics) to distinguish it from quantum mechanics. Electromagnetism initiated by Orsted, Faraday, and others in classical physics, has been finalized by Maxwell. Maxwell's equations have successfully predicted the speed of light and led to the discovery of many electromagnetic devices such as radio. In the same way, Claisus, Boltzmann, Gibbs developed the kinetic theory and statistical mechanics of gases, and by the end of a century the gravitational and electromagnetic forces were thought to be fully understood. But despite all these developments, there were some incidents such as the radiation of the black substance that the classical physics could not explain, the photoelectric effect and the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom. At the time,because Newtons great prestige, the ignored ideas of physicists who defended this view as the wave character of Huygens' light theory were proven by Frenet - Young in the following years. At the beginning of 1900, Max Planck found an empirical formula that can fully explain the glow of a black substance. Then in Planck found empirically that this formula was able to produce theoretically. This derivation is met by the Boltzmann statistic, which is quite strange at that time. this statistic is The substance absorbs or emits energy in the form of quanta (photon) and in the form of E = h.v. Planck's quantitative energy hypothesis could not have had the expected effect on physicists until Einstein later use to explain the photoelectric event. At the same time, in 1903, Rutherford and Soddy explained radioactive fragmentation. In 1904, a female physicist named Magaoho introduced an atom with a core (+) and an atomic model of electron rings. Later in 1907, Thomson proposed an atomic model of electrons scattered in a cloud. These two models were short- lived because they were far from explained the atom. In 1911, Rutherford and his student Marste discovered in this scattering experiment that alpha particles that the atomic nucleus was that very dense and constituted that very small fraction of the atomic volume. On top of that, they identified the Rutherford atomic model of a very intense (+) charged core and electrons circulating around it. According to the laws of classical physics, the life of an atom in this model could not exceed 10 (-12). At last in 1913, Bohr offered a quantum- constrained atomic model. This model could successfully explain the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom. The 10-year cycle between 1913 and 1923 was overhoul by the elimination of the deficiencies of the Bohr model, and in 1924, De Broglié claimed that the movements of the electrons were related to the pilot waves accompanying them and gave the mathematical correlation between the momentum of the particles and the wavelengths of the accompanying waves. In the end of 1924, the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger de Broglie developed the wave mechanics based on classical equations in the classical mechanics. Almost at the same time, German physicist Werner Heisenberg, the help of with Max Born and Pascal Jordan,the put forward the idea of matrix mechanics. These two approaches, which initially appeared to be separate from each other, were shown to later be mathematically equivalent. In the meantime, if we go back to Planck 's theory, Einstein's began to see the photoelectric phenomenon, then the quantum concept started to show interest after the light showed that it had become divisive. So, the particle character of light was once again revealed after Newton. In 1926, Lewis was called by photon the small energy packages of light. Before proceeding with examining some of the events that are preparing the development of quantum mechanics, it is useful to touch an important point. Quantum mechanics is a model work that we cannot fully perceive with our classical information. However, in quantum mechanics applications and in explaining these with models or pictures, expressing the models as if they are real can sometimes lead to misconstructions. In classical mechanics, every event has a reason. Given the initial conditions, the outcome can be predicted. There is a certainty and awareness. But in quantum mechanics, there is uncertainty and possibility. For example, we can measure the position and momentum of an electron with little uncertainty. If we know its energy and its momentum then the uncertainty in determining its location is infinite. This means that electrons cannot be represented by a model.