 Last Lecture Important Reminders

Power, Impulse, Center of Mass

 Today  Pset # 8 due tomorrow.

Simple Harmonic Motion
 Important Concepts
The physics of the motion is in the mass and spring
constant which determine the period of each oscillation.
The amplitude does not affect the period.
Energy oscillates between Kinetic and Potential.
 Problem Solving session in class tomorrow.
 MasteringPhysics due next Monday.
NOTE: Class grading guidelines clearly allow discussion
of MasterPhysics problems but also clearly prohibit
directly working together or copying the answers of others.
 No Pset due next week.
 No formal tutoring sessions next week.

8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005 8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005

Center of Mass Velocity Simple Harmonic Motion - I

! ! ! ! !
 Definition: vC.M . = 1 M
TOT
!m v i i  Start with Force equation: FSpring = !k(l ! l0 )
 Define x axis along direction spring is stretched and
! ! put x=0 at the point the spring is unstretched:
 Connection to momentum: M TOT vC.M . = pTOT
( 2
Fx = !kx = max = m d x
dt 2 )
 So, if momentum is conserved, the velocity of the d2x k
" 2 =! x
center of mass is constant. dt m

 So, what is the solution to the differential equation?

8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005 8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005

 Simple Harmonic Motion - II Simple Harmonic Motion - III

 The answer is sine and/or cosine function with three  Connections to the physical motion:
mathematically equivalent ways to write it: A is the amplitude, the maximum displacement from zero
x = A cos(! t + " ) φ is an arbitrary constant that depends only on when you
x = Asin(! t + " ) define t=0, no real connection to the nature of the motion

x = A cos(! t) + Bsin(! t) ω is angular frequency in radians per second:

! 1 k
 In all cases, A, B, and φ are constants determined Frequency in cycles/second f = =
2" 2" m
by the initial conditions.
k 1 2" m
 ω is given by the physics: ! = Period (time for one cycle) T = = = 2"
m f ! k
8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005 8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005

Velocity/Acceleration in SHM Energy in SHM

1 2 kA 2
Also sine/cosine functions:  Spring PE: PEspring = kx = ( cos(! t + " ))2
2 2
x = A cos(! t + " )
1 2 m ( A! )
2

vx = dx dt = #A! sin(! t + " )  Kinetic energy: KE = mv = (sin(! t + " ))2

2 2
dvx
ax = dt = #A! cos(! t + " )
2

 Total: kA 2 m ( A! )
2
k
= #! 2 x = # x ETotal = KE + PE = ( cos(! t + " ))2 + (sin(! t + " ))2
m 2 2
!2 = k m
 Note that: Maximum speed vMax = A!
ETotal =
kA 2
2
( )
( cos(! t + " ))2 + (sin(! t + " ))2 =
kA 2 1 2
2
= mvMax
2
8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005 8.01L Fall 2005 11/17/2005