College of Engineering

Batac City

Introduction

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine the farmers’ sustenance on their families’
basic needs.
Specifically, it will answer the following questions:
1. To identify the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Sex;
1.2. Age;
1.3. Source of income;
1.4. Monthly income;
1.5. No. of members in the family; and
1.6. No. of dependents.
2. To identify the level of farmers’ sustenance on their families’ basic needs?
3. To identify the farmers’ way of living and how it affects their families’ basic
needs.

Significance of the Study

To the students.

To the farmers.

To the locals.

To the officials.

Results and Discussions

This chapter presents the data collected and the findings of the study analyzed

from the gathered data. This chapter gives you a discussion of the matters related to the

topic. The data were analyzed and interpreted and are also presented by tables which
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Batac City

will provide the implication and interpretation of what is gathered by the proponents.

Furthermore, the researchers have also been given assurance to the respondents that all

the data the researcher will give are used for the purpose of the research.

Table 1. Frequencies (f) and percentages (%) of the demographic profile of respondents.
ITEMS f %
n=100
Male 86 86%
Sex
Female 14 14%
Total 100 100%
28 - 40 29 29%

41 - 50 37 37%
Age
51 – 59 21 21%
60 - 75 13 13%
Total 100 100%

Bacsil 7 7%
Baliga 1 1%
Cabuyog 9 9%
Callagip 3 3%
Masintoc 5 5%
Monte 5 5%
Mumulaan 2 2%
Nagbacalan 3 3%
Nalasin 8 8%
Naguyudan 2 2%
Oaig-Upay 4 4%
Address
(Abulao)
Pambaran 2 2%
Pannaratan 4 4%
Salbang 7 7%
San Agustin 3 3%
San Blas 2 2%
San Juan 3 3%
San Pedro 2 2%
Santa Rita 3 3%
Sideg 3 3%
Suba 3 3%
Sungadan 2 2%
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Surgui 13 13%
Veronica 4 4%
Total 100 100%

P1,000 – P,4999 26 26%

P5,000 – P9,999 35 35%
P10,000 – 26 26%
Income P14,999
P15-000 – 10 10%
P19,999
P20,000 - Above 3 3%
Total 100 100%

Poultry 3 3%
Source of Income aside from Piggery 1 1%
Farming Pumbling 1 1%
Others 10 10%
Total

2 2 2%
3 22 22%
4 24 24%
5 26 26%
Number of Family Members 6 14 14%
7 6 6%
8 4 4%
9 1 1%
10 1 1%
Total 100 100%

0 7 7%
1 33 33%
2 32 32%
3 12 12%
Number of Dependents
4 9 9%
5 3 3&
6 2 2%
7 2 2%
Total 100 100%
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Table 1 represents the demographic profile of the respondents of this study. It

includes the age range, sex, address, monthly income, source of income aside from

farming, number of family members, and number of dependents.

Sex. It shows that eighty-six (86) or eighty-six percent (86%) are male respondents

and fourteen (14) or fourteen percent (14%) are female respondents. Based on the table,

the dominant gender among the respondents is male. Since agriculture is a male-

dominated industry it is expected that men would outnumber women. One of the

respondents stated that male are the representation of farmers. For they lead and make

policy within the community of farmers, due to the hard labor brought by farming. Even

before time, women were involved in agriculture. On the study Emily Walker (2015)

conducted, she argued that females are naturally better than men when it comes to

agriculture. Due to lack of access to farm labour, tools, financing and extensive services

in sustaining their agricultural activities. Men are taking over the light of women in the field

of agriculture.

Age. A total of 100 respondents, twenty-nine percent (29%) of the respondents

were aged 28-40 years old; thirty-seven percent (37%) of the respondents were aged 41-

50 years old; twenty-one percent (21%) of the respondents were aged 51-59 years old;

and thirteen percent (13%) of the respondents were aged 60-75 years old. These shows

that mostly of the respondents are in the middle age. Furthermore, the middle aged

farmers had still enough energy to work in agriculture. They are able to produce

agricultural products and perform farm activities such as land preparation, care of crops,

and harvesting efficiently. In deeper understanding, respondents who are aged 28-35

years old said that they entered farming due to poverty. Since they were not able to
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achieve a higher education, farming became their last resort. At a young age, farming

was introduced to them, and they see it as an opportunity for resources are available on

their hand. On the contrary, ages between 35-40 years old, respondents said that they

are earning to compensate when they reach the age of 60 years old. Since they won’t

have the same energy they had before to perform farming activities, which requires

physical and mental presence.

Address. Thirteen (13) or thirteen percent (13%) of the respondents are living in

Barangay Surgui; nine respondents (9) or nine percent (9%) are from Barangay Cabuyog;

eight respondents (8) or eight percent (8%) are from Barangay Nalasin; seven

respondents (7) or seven percent (7%) are living in Bacsil and in Salbang; five

respondents (5) or five percent (5%) are from Masintoc and Monte; four respondents (4)

or four percent (4%) are from Oaig-Upay (Abulao), Pannaratan and in Veronica; three

respondents (3) or three percent (3%) are from Callagip, Nagbacalan, San Agustin, San

Juan, Santa Rita, Sideg, and in Suba; two respondents (2) or two percent (2%) are from

Mumulaan, Naguyudan, Pambaran, San Blas, San Pedro, and in Sungadan and only one

(1) or one percent (1%) are from Barangay Baliga. Based on the table, this implies that

the dominant address among the respondents is in Barangay Surgui, This barangay is a

rural area where farmers are commonly found.

Income. Majority of the respondents has a total income that ranges from Php

5,000.00 to Php 9,999.00 with a frequency of thirty-five (35) or thirty - five percent (35%);

twenty-six of the respondents (26) or twenty-six percent (26%) has a total income that

ranges from Php 1,000.00 - Php 4,999.00; also a frequency of twenty-six (26) or twenty-

six percent (26%) of the respondents has a total income that ranges from Php 10,000.00
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- Php 14,999.00; a frequency of ten (10) or ten percent (10%) of the respondents has a

total income that ranges from Php 15,000.00 - Php 19,999.00; and only a frequency of

three (3) or three percent (3%) of the respondents has a total income that ranges from

Php 20,000.00 to above. This implies that farmers usually have an income of not more

than Php 10,000.00. The income they have is only good for their family for a month. On

the other hand, some of the respondent stated that they acquire their income later than

three (3) months to four (4) months. So they tend to find another job to compensate the

months they do not have income.

During the Innovation Olympics 2018, Henk Hermans said that farmers represent

the second poorest sector in the country.

Additional Source of Income. Aside from farming, the respondents had also

additional source of income. With a frequency of three (3) or three percent (3%), the

respondents said that poultry was one of the contributor of their monthly income. While

plumbing and piggery garnered one percent (1%) or one (1) respondent. In addition, ten

percent (10%) or ten (10) respondents said that extra income comes from either retailing,

public utility vehicle driver, construction worker, and gasoline boy. Moreover, it implies

that the respondents additional income is nearby to farming. Works that are in line to

agriculture, like poultry. The presence of available resources in sustaining poultry and

producing poultry products is well-attained in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. Poultry industry will

never die in the Philippines, as Philippines was awarded in 2014, “Livestock Asia” as

Asia’s best gather of livestock, egg and meat producing. As the country is self-sufficient

in poultry industry. On the other hand, one of the repondents said that plumbing is a
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difficult job and seasonal. Plumbing works only come when there is a construction or

unfunctional plumbing system that require plumbing fixtures.

Number of Family Members. Majority of the respondents’ has a total of five

members in the family with a frequency of twenty-six (26) or twenty-six percent (26%); a

frequency of twenty-four (24) or twenty-four percent (24%) of the respondents has a total

of four (4) members in the family; a frequency of twenty-two (22) or twenty-two percent

(22%) has a total of three (3) members in the family; fourteen (14) or fourteen percent

(14%) has a six (6) members in the family; six (6) or six percent (6%) has a 7 members

in the family; four (4) or four percent (4%) has a 8 members in the family; two (2) or two

percent (2%) has a two (2) members in the family; and one (1) or one percent (1%) has

nine (9) members in the family; also, one (1) or one percent (1%) has a total of ten (10)

members in the family. This implies that the respondents commonly have a big family

considering the parents and the children.

Number of Dependents. Majority of the respondents’ number of dependent is one

(1) with a frequency of thirty-three (33) or thirty-three percent (33%); a frequency of thirty-

two (32) or two percent (32%) of the respondents has a total number of 2 dependents;

twelve (12) or twelve percent (12%) has three (3) dependents; nine (9) or nine percent

(9%) has four (4) dependents; seven (7) or seven percent (7%) of the respondents has

no dependents; three (3) or three percent (3%) has five (5) dependents; two (2) or two

percent (2%) has six dependents; also a frequency of two (2) or two percent (2%) has a

total of seven (7) dependents. This implies that the farmers support one dependent only

in the family excluding themselves. Farmers’ family usually have a number of three (3)
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children but there is only one dependent left, and this is because the other children have

the ability to support themselves.

Table 2.1 Mean of the basic needs in terms of food.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING
I can afford to purchase food for my family. 3.73 Agree
I am able to provide enough food for my 3.59 Agree
family.
I can afford any food requested. 3.05 Moderately Agree
I can feed my dependents 3 meals a day. 3.91 Agree
I am able to provide nutritious food to my 3.64 Agree
family.

LEGENDS:
Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately 2.61 – 3.40
Agree
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.00 – 1.80

Based on the Table 2.1, the respondents agreed that they can afford to purchase

food for their family with a mean of 3.73. Also, they responded that they are able to provide

enough food for their families with a mean of 3.59. On the other hand, they moderately

agreed that they can afford any food requested with a mean of 3.05. The respondents

also agreed that they feed their dependents 3 meals a day with a mean of 3.91. Lastly,

the respondents agreed that they can provide nutritious food to their family with a mean

of 3.64.

It shows that the respondents are able to purchase and provide a nutrition-filled 3

meals a day for their family. On the contrary, the requested food of their dependents opted

not to be granted because of budget limitation. Moreover, the respondents are capable

of providing their food because they set aside enough food supply for themselves in which
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they have harvested on their farm fields. With the availability of agricultural products like

vegetables and crop, the respondents are able to supply and feed their family members.

One of the respondents also stated that they save food for their families when they

harvest. But when it comes to food requested, he cannot able to give it because money

is limited. Nevertheless, not just like the vegetables and crops that they plant and grown,

they could efficiently use it with no money being exchanged.

Table 2.2 Mean of the ITEMS

basic needs in terms of health. MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING
hhhhhhhhhhealthh..care.
I can pay for health care services needed by 3.35 Moderately Agree
my family.
I can afford to buy medicines for my family. 3.50 Agree
I make sure to have enough money for 3.19 Moderately Agree
emergencies.

LEGENDS:
Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately 2.61 – 3.40
Agree
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.00 – 1.80

The Table 2.2 shows that respondents moderately agreed that they can pay for

health care services needed by their families with a mean of 3.35. On the other hand, the

respondents agreed that they can afford to buy medicines for their families with a mean

of 3.50. Lastly, the respondents moderately agreed that they make sure to have enough

money for emergencies with a mean of 3.19. This implies that farmers save money for

emergency purposes. As the farmers believe that their membership of different health

services is not enough to support their needs when there are emergencies.
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Table 2.3 Mean of the basic needs in terms of shelter.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING
I can provide decent shelter for my family. 3.80 Agree
I am able to sustain a well and clean house. 3.78 Agree
LEGENDS:
Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately 2.61 – 3.40
Agree
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.00 – 1.80

In Table 2.3, the respondents agreed that they can provide decent shelter for their

families with a mean of 3.80. Also, the respondents agreed that they are able to sustain

a well and clean house with a mean of 3.78. This implies that through the money they

earned by farming, the respondents were able to build their own houses. Wherein their

houses were located near-by to their own agricultural land. Hence, the respondents

agreed that they do have well-maintained, presentable, and decent house for their

families.

Table 2.4 Mean of the ITEMS

basic needs in terms of education. MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING
I can provide education to my child or 3.52 Agree
children.
I am able to purchase all the school materials 3.28 Moderately Agree
needed by my child or children.

LEGENDS:
Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately 2.61 – 3.40
Agree
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.0 – 1.80

Table 2.4 shows that the respondents agreed that they can provide education for

their children with a mean of 3.52. In contrast, the respondents said that they moderately
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agree that they are able to purchase all the school materials needed by their children with

a mean of 3.28.

Based on the gathered data, it implies that the respondents are able to send their

children to school. Yet they are not able to provide the external school materials which is

needed by the children. As a matter of fact, the holistical approach of the Department of

Education in cultivating student is through extra-curricular activities. Wherein teachers

encourage their students to take advantage of activities outside the classroom like joining

choirs, school-press conference, debate clubs, leadership training, camping, and many

more. Correspondingly, it supports the student academic progress, social life, and all-

round development. By the same token, joining this kind of activities require monetary

contributions to compensate the expenses. Clearly, the respondents are not able to send

their children to extra-curricular activities because the respondents think that it’s an

additional expense and extra-curricular activities shouldn’t be given that much attention.

One of the respondents admitted that she can send her daughter to school but

can’t afford to give her the materials she needed. She added, that her daughter only had

one-set of school uniform, which she uses it daily. After her daughter gets back from

school, she quickly removes the uniform, laundry, and dry it. So that her daughter could

use it clean and dry for the following day.

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Table 2.5 Mean of the basic needs in terms of clothing.

ITEMS MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING

I can afford enough clothing for my family. 3.10 Moderately Agree
I always buy new clothes for my family. 2.47 Moderately Agree

LEGENDS:
Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
Agree 3.41 – 4.20
Moderately Agree 2.61 – 3.40
Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
Strongly Agree 1.00 – 1.80

Table 2.5 shows that farmers moderately agreed that they can afford enough clothing for their

families with a mean of 3.10. Also, they moderately agreed that they can always buy new clothes for their

families with a mean of 2.47. Based on the findings, it implicates that clothing is not a priority for the

respondents. One of the respondents said that as long he and his family are covered with clothes, either new

or old, it’s fine. Instead of buying new clothes, he would rather use the money to buy food. He believe that

clothes are long-lasting and there are those kind people who are giving them still wearable, used clothes.

Table 2.6 Grand mean of the farmers’ families’ basic needs.

MEAN DESCRIPTIVE
RATING
GRAND MEAN 3.42 Agree

As shown in the Table 2.6, the total grand mean of all the farmers’ families’ basic needs is 3.42

with a descriptive reading of agree.

Conclusion

Recommendation

Realization
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