Mensurado, Jems Mae C. Jan.

24, 2019
BSN – III Elective 1

1. Define the following level of preventions as mentioned.

a. Primary – Primary prevention is concerned with preventing the onset of disease; it
aims to reduce the incidence of disease. It involves interventions that are applied
before there is any evidence of disease or injury.
b. Secondary – Secondary prevention is concerned with detecting a disease in its
earliest stages, before symptoms appear, and intervening to slow or stop its
progression: "catch it early." The assumption is that earlier intervention will be more
effective, and that the disease can be slowed or reversed. It includes the use of
screening tests or other suitable procedures to detect serious disease as early as
possible so that its progress can be arrested and, if possible, the disease eradicated.
c. Tertiary – Tertiary prevention refers to interventions designed to arrest the progress
of an established disease and to control its negative consequences: to reduce
disability and handicap, to minimize suffering caused by existing departures from
good health, and to promote the patient's adjustment to irremediable conditions.
"Minimize the consequences." This extends the concept of prevention into the field of
clinical medicine and rehabilitation.
2. Give sample nursing activities involved in each level of prevention. (3 activities each)
a. Primary prevention
 legislation and enforcement to ban or control the use of hazardous products
(e.g. asbestos) or to mandate safe and healthy practices (e.g. use of seatbelts
and bike helmets)
 education about healthy and safe habits (e.g. eating well, exercising regularly,
not smoking)
 immunization against infectious diseases.
b. Secondary prevention
 regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest stages (e.g.
mammograms to detect breast cancer)
 daily, low-dose aspirins and/or diet and exercise programs to prevent further
heart attacks or strokes
 suitably modified work so injured or ill workers can return safely to their jobs.
c. Tertiary prevention
 cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management
programs (e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression, etc.)
 support groups that allow members to share strategies for living well
 vocational rehabilitation programs to retrain workers for new jobs when they
have recovered as much as possible.
3. Give atleast 5 harmful stressors/threats that affect the health of the family.
4. Define and give 5 examples of a family’s resistance resources.
5. Research te characteristics of a functional/dysfunctional families.