DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Widodo DP. Kejang demam : apa yang perlu diwaspadai? Dalam :

Penanganan demam pada anak secara profesional. Pendidikan Kedokteran
Berkelanjutan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak XLVII. Jakarta; 2005. h.58-66.

2. Johnston MV. Seizures in childhood. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson
HB, ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders
Co;2007.p.2457-71.

3. Stafstrom CE. The incidence and prevalence of febrile seizures. In : Baram

TZ, Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego : Academic press;2002.p.1-25.

4. Gordon KE, Dooley JM, Camfield PR, Camfield CS, MacSween J. Treatment
of febrile seizures: the influence of treatment efficacy and side-effect profile
on value to parents. Pediatrics 2001; 108(5):1080-8.

5. Fisher RS, Wu J. Basic electrophysiology of febrile seizures. In: Baram TZ,

Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego : Academic press;2002.p.231-47.

6. Burhanoglu M, Tutunouglu S, Coker C, Tekgul H, Ozgur T. Hypozincemia in

febrile convulsion. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:498-501.

7. Ganesh R, Janakiraman L. Serum zinc level in children with simple febrile

seizure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2008; 47: 164-6.

8. Satoto. Zinc deficiency among Indonesian children. In : Joint Symposium

between Department of Nutrition & Department of Paediatrics Faculty of
Medicine, Sebelas Maret University and The Center of Human Nutrition,
University of Shiffield, UK. Surakarta;2001.

9. Mahmoodi MR, Kimiagar SM. Prevalence of zinc deficiency in junior high

school student of Teheran City. Bio Trace Elem Res 2001;81:93-103.

10. Rosado JL. Zinc and cooper : proposed fortification levels and recommended
zinc compounds. J Nutr 2003;133:2985-9.

11. Huwae FJ. Hubungan antara kadar seng dengan memori jangka pendek pada
anak sekolah dasar. Tesis. Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro 2006.

12. Kohlmeier M. Nutrient metabolism. California : Elsevier;2003.

13. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism.
4th ed. California: Wadsworth 2005.

14. Sudiana IGN. Pengaruh suplementasi zinc terhadap morbiditas diare dan ISPA
pada anak usia 6-24 bulan. Tesis. Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro 2005.

74
15. Takeda A, Sawashita J, Okada S. Biological half-lives of zinc and manganese
in rat brain. Brain Res 1995;695:53-8.

16. Takeda A, Tamano H, Tochigi M, Oku N. Zinc homeostasis in the

hippocampus of zinc-deficient young adult rats. Neurochem Int 2005;221-5.

17. Ruiz A, Walker MC, Fabian-Fine R, Kullman D. Endogenous zinc inhibits

GABAA receptors in a hippocampal pathway. J Neurophysiol 2004;91:1091-6.

18. Soetomenggolo TS. Kejang demam. Dalam: Soetomenggolo TS, Ismael S,

penyunting. Buku Ajar Neurologi Anak. Jakarta : BP IDAI;2000.h.244-52.

19. Wu J, Fisher RS. Hyperthermic Spreading Depressions in the Immature Rat

Hippocampal Slice. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84(3): 1355-60.

20. Jensen F E, Sanchez R M. Why Does the Developing Brain Demonstrate

Heightened Susceptibility to Febrile and Other Provoked Seizures?. In: Baram
T Z, Shinnar S. ed. Febrile Seizures. San Diego: Academic Press;2002.p.153-
62.

21. Berg AT. Recurrent Febrile Seizures. In: Baram FZ, Sinnar S.ed. Febrile
Seizures. San Diego: Academic Press;2002.p.37-49.

22. Camfield P, Camfield C, Gordon K. Antecedents and risk factors for febrile
seizures. In: Baram TZ, Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego :
Academic press;2002.p.1-25.

23. Tath Z, Yan XX, Hafteglou S, Ribak CE, Baram TZ. Seizure-induced
neuronal injury: vulnerability to febrile seizures in an immature rat model. J
Neurosci 1998;18:4285-94.

24. Ratala H, Uhari M, Hietala J. Factors triggering in first febrile seizures. Acta
Paediatr 1995; 84: 407 10.

25. Vestergaard M, Wisborg K, Henriksen TB, Secher NJ, Ostergaard JR, Olsen J.
Prenatal exposure to cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee and the risk for febrile
seizures. Pediatrics 2005; 116(5):1089-94.

26. Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn. 4th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders
Company;2001.

27. Bethune P, Gordon KG, Dooley JM, Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Which child
will have a febrile seizure?. Arch Dis Child 1993;147:35-9.

28. Trainor JL, Hampers LC, Krug SE, Listernick R. Children with first-time
simple febrile seizures are at low risk of serious bacterial illness. Acad Emerg
Med 2001;8:781-7.

75
29. Shah SS, Alpern ER, Zwerling L, Reid JR, McGowan KL, Bell LM. Low risk
of bacteremia in children with febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
2002;156:469-72.

30. Chiu SS, Tse CY, Lau YL, Peiris M. Influenza A infection is an important
cause of febrile seizures. Pediatrics 2001;108:1-7.

31. Kugler SL, Johnson WG. Genetics of the febrile seizure susceptibility trait.
Brain Dev 1998;20:265-74.

32. Chou IC, Peng CT, Huang CC, Tsai JP, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH. Association
-aminobutyric acid type A receptor polymorphisms
with febrile seizures. Pediatr Res 2003;54:26-9.

33. Nakayama J, Hamano K, Iwasaki N, Nakahara S, Horigome Y, Saitoh H, et al.

Significant evidence for linkage of febrile seizures to chromosome 5q14-q15.
Hum Mol Genet 2000;9:87-91.

34. Bahtera T. Faktor risiko kejang demam berulang sebagai prediktor bangkitan
kejang demam berulang. Kajian mutasi gen pintu voltase kanal ion natrium.
Disertasi. 2007.

35. Robert C. Synaptic plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacol 2002;11:148-57.

36. Rekling JC, Funk GD, Bayliss DA, Dong XW, Feldman JL. Synaptic control
of motoneuronal excitability. Physiol Rev 2000;80:767-852.

37. Surges R, Schulze-Bonhage A, Altenmuller DM. Hippocampal involvement in

secondarily generalised seizures of extrahippocampal origin. J. Neurol.
Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2008;79:924-9.

38. Parmar H, Lim SH, Tan NC, Lim CC. Acute symptomatic seizures and
hippocampus damage : DWI and MRS findings. Neurology 2006;66:1732-5.

39. Armon K, Stephenson T, MacFaul R, Hemingway P, Werneke U, Smith S. An

evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of a child after a
seizure. Emerg. Med. J. 2003;20:13-20.

40. Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, Sidenius P, Olsen J, Christensen J. The long-

term risk of epilepsy after febrile seizures in susceptible subgroups. Am J
Epidemiol 2007;165:911-8.

41. Leung LS, Wu K. Epilepsy-based changes in hippocampal exitability : causes

and effects. Adv Neurol 2006;97:63-8.

76
42. Sharma AK, Reams RY, Jordan WH, Miller MA, Thacker HL, Snyder PW.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy : pathogenesis, induced rodent models and
lesions. Toxicol Pathol 2007;35:984-99.

43. Sheng M, Kim MJ. Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanism. Science
2002;298:776-80.

44. Witrnann M, Bingston C, Bading H. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors:

mediators of excitotoxic cell death. Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia
2004;1:253-66.

45. Levenson CW. Regulation of the NMDA receptor : implications for

neuropsychological development. Nutri Rev 2006;64:428-32.

46. Chan KK, Cherk SWW, Chan CH, Ng DKK, Ho JCS. A retrospective review
of first febrile convulsion and its risk factors for recurrence in Hong Kong
children. HK J Paediatr 2007;12:181-7.

47. Ling SG. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for a complex first febrile
convulsion. Singapore Med J 2001;42:264-7.

48. Huang CC, Wang ST, Chang YC, Huang MC, Chi YC, Tsai JJ. Risk factors
for a first febrile convulsion in children : a population study in southern
Taiwan. Epilepsia 1999;40:719-25.

49. Daoud A. Febrile convulsion : review and update. J Pediatr Neurol 2004; 2(1):
9-14.

50. Sandstead HH, Frederickson CJ, Penland JG. History of zinc as related to
brain function. J. Nutr. 2000;130:496-502.

51. Szewczyk B, Sowa M, Czupryn A, Wieronska JM, Branski P, Sadlik K, et al.

Increase in synaptic hippocampal zinc consentration following chronic but not
acute zinc treatment in rats. Brain Res 2006;1090:69-75.

52. Lee JY, Cole TB, Palmiter RD, Koh JY. Accumulation of zinc in degenerating
hippocampal neurons of ZnT3-Null mice after seizures : evidence against
synaptic vesicle origin. J Neurosci 2000;20:1-5.

53. Frederickson CJ, Suh SW, Silva D, Thompson RB. Importance of zinc in the
central nervous system : the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr. 2000;130:1471-
83.

77
1. Widodo DP. Kejang demam : apa yang perlu diwaspadai? Dalam : Penanganan
demam pada anak secara profesional. Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Ilmu
Kesehatan Anak XLVII. Jakarta; 2005. h.58-66.

2. Johnston MV. Seizures in childhood. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson
HB, ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders
Co;2007.p.2457-71.

78
3. Stafstrom CE. The incidence and prevalence of febrile seizures. In : Baram TZ,
Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego : Academic press;2002.p.1-25.

4. Gordon KE, Dooley JM, Camfield PR, Camfield CS, MacSween J. Treatment
of febrile seizures: the influence of treatment efficacy and side-effect profile on
value to parents. Pediatrics 2001; 108(5):1080-8.

5. Fisher RS, Wu J. Basic electrophysiology of febrile seizures. In: Baram TZ,

Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego : Academic press;2002.p.231-47.

6. Burhanoglu M, Tutunouglu S, Coker C, Tekgul H, Ozgur T. Hypozincemia in

febrile convulsion. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:498-501.

7. Ganesh R, Janakiraman L. Serum zinc level in children with simple febrile

seizure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2008; 47: 164-6.

8. Satoto. Zinc deficiency among Indonesian children. In : Joint Symposium

between Department of Nutrition & Department of Paediatrics Faculty of
Medicine, Sebelas Maret University and The Center of Human Nutrition,
University of Shiffield, UK. Surakarta;2001.

9. Mahmoodi MR, Kimiagar SM. Prevalence of zinc deficiency in junior high

school student of Teheran City. Bio Trace Elem Res 2001;81:93-103.

10. Rosado JL. Zinc and cooper : proposed fortification levels and recommended
zinc compounds. J Nutr 2003;133:2985-9.

11. Huwae FJ. Hubungan antara kadar seng dengan memori jangka pendek pada
anak sekolah dasar. Tesis. 2006.

12. Kohlmeier M. Nutrient metabolism. California : Elsevier;2003.

13. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism.
4th ed. California: Wadsworth 2005.

14. Sudiana IGN. Pengaruh suplementasi zinc terhadap morbiditas diare dan
ISPA pada anak usia 6-24 bulan. Tesis. 2005.

15. Takeda A, Sawashita J, Okada S. Biological half-lives of zinc and manganese

in rat brain. Brain Research 1995;695:53-8.

16. Takeda A, Tamano H, Tochigi M, Oku N. Zinc homeostasis in the

hippocampus of zinc-deficient young adult rats. Neurochemistry International
2005;221-5.

17. Ruiz A, Walker MC, Fabian-Fine R, Kullman D. Endogenous zinc inhibits

GABAA receptors in a hippocampal pathway. J Neurophysiol 2004;91:1091-6.
79
18. Soetomenggolo TS. Kejang demam. Dalam: Soetomenggolo TS, Ismael S,
penyunting. Buku Ajar Neurologi Anak. Jakarta : BP IDAI;2000.h.244-52.

19. Wu J, Fisher RS. Hyperthermic Spreading Depressions in the Immature Rat

Hippocampal Slice. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84(3): 1355-60.

20. Jensen F E, Sanchez R M. Why Does the Developing Brain Demonstrate

Heightened Susceptibility to Febrile and Other Provoked Seizures?. In: Baram T
Z, Shinnar S. ed. Febrile Seizures. San Diego: Academic Press;2002.p.153-62.

21. Berg AT. Recurrent Febrile Seizures. In: Baram FZ, Sinnar S.ed. Febrile
Seizures. San Diego: Academic Press;2002.p.37-49.

22. Camfield P, Camfield C, Gordon K. Antecedents and risk factors for febrile
seizures. In: Baram TZ, Shinnar S, ed., Febrile Seizures. San Diego : Academic
press;2002.p.1-25.

23. Tath Z, Yan XX, Hafteglou S, Ribak CE, Baram TZ. Seizure-induced
neuronal injury: vulnerability to febrile seizures in an immature rat model. The
Journal of Neuroscience 1998;18:4285-94.

24. Ratala H, Uhari M, Hietala J. Factors triggering in first febrile seizures. Acta
Paediatr 1995; 84: 407 10.

25. Vestergaard M, Wisborg K, Henriksen TB, Secher NJ, Ostergaard JR, Olsen J.
Prenatal exposure to cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee and the risk for febrile
seizures. Pediatrics 2005; 116(5):1089-94.

26. Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn. 4th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders
Company;2001.

27. Bethune P, Gordon KG, Dooley JM, Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Which child
will have a febrile seizure?. AJDC 1993;147:35-9.

28. Trainor JL, Hampers LC, Krug SE, Listernick R. Children with first-time
simple febrile seizures are at low risk of serious bacterial illness. Academy
Emergency Medicine 2001;8:781-7.

29. Shah SS, Alpern ER, Zwerling L, Reid JR, McGowan KL, Bell LM. Low risk
of bacteremia in children with febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
2002;156:469-72.

30. Chiu SS, Tse CY, Lau YL, Peiris M. Influenza A infection is an important
cause of febrile seizures. Pediatrics 2001;108:1-7.

80
31. Kugler SL, Johnson WG. Genetics of the febrile seizure susceptibility trait.
Brain & Development 1998;20:265-74.

32. Chou IC, Peng CT, Huang CC, Tsai JP, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH. Association analysis
-aminobutyric acid type A receptor polymorphisms with febrile
seizures. Pediatric Research 2003;54:26-9.

33. Nakayama J, Hamano K, Iwasaki N, Nakahara S, Horigome Y, Saitoh H, et al.

Significant evidence for linkage of febrile seizures to chromosome 5q14-q15.
Human Molecular Genetics 2000;9:87-91.

34. Bahtera T. Faktor risiko kejang demam berulang sebagai prediktor bangkitan
kejang demam berulang. Kajian mutasi gen pintu voltase kanal ion natrium.
Disertasi. 2007.

35. Robert C. Synaptic plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;11:148-57.

36. Rekling JC, Funk GD, Bayliss DA, Dong XW, Feldman JL. Synaptic control
of motoneuronal excitability. Physiol Rev 2000;80:767-852.

37. Surges R, Schulze-Bonhage A, Altenmuller DM. Hippocampal involvement in

secondarily generalised seizures of extrahippocampal origin. J. Neurol.
Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2008;79:924-9.

38. Parmar H, Lim SH, Tan NC, Lim CC. Acute symptomatic seizures and
hippocampus damage : DWI and MRS findings. Neurology 2006;66:1732-5.

39. Armon K, Stephenson T, MacFaul R, Hemingway P, Werneke U, Smith S. An

evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of a child after a
seizure. Emerg. Med. J. 2003;20:13-20.

40. Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, Sidenius P, Olsen J, Christensen J. The long-

term risk of epilepsy after febrile seizures in susceptible subgroups. Am J
Epidemiol 2007;165:911-8.

41. Leung LS, Wu K. Epilepsy-based changes in hippocampal exitability : causes

and effects. Adv Neurol 2006;97:63-8.
42. Sharma AK, Reams RY, Jordan WH, Miller MA, Thacker HL, Snyder PW.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy : pathogenesis, induced rodent models and lesions.
Toxicologic Pathology 2007;35:984-99.

43. Sheng M, Kim MJ. Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanism. Science
2002;298:776-80.

81
44. Witrnann M, Bingston C, Bading H. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors:
mediators of excitotoxic cell death. Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia
2004;1:253-66.

45. Levenson CW. Regulation of the NMDA receptor : implications for

neuropsychological development. Nutrition Reviews 2006;64:428-32.

46. Chan KK, Cherk SWW, Chan CH, Ng DKK, Ho JCS. A retrospective review
of first febrile convulsion and its risk factors for recurrence in Hong Kong
children. HK J Paediatr 2007;12:181-7.

47. Ling SG. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for a complex first febrile
convulsion. Singapore Med J 2001;42:264-7.

48. Huang CC, Wang ST, Chang YC, Huang MC, Chi YC, Tsai JJ. Risk factors
for a first febrile convulsion in children : a population study in southern Taiwan.
Epilepsia 1999;40:719-25.

49. Daoud A. Febrile convulsion : review and update. Journal of Pediatric

Neurology 2004; 2(1): 9-14.

50. Sandstead HH, Frederickson CJ, Penland JG. History of zinc as related to
brain function. J. Nutr. 2000;130:496-502.

51. Szewczyk B, Sowa M, Czupryn A, Wieronska JM, Branski P, Sadlik K, et al.

Increase in synaptic hippocampal zinc consentration following chronic but not
acute zinc treatment in rats. Brain Res 2006;1090:69-75.

52. Lee JY, Cole TB, Palmiter RD, Koh JY. Accumulation of zinc in degenerating
hippocampal neurons of ZnT3-Null mice after seizures : evidence against synaptic
vesicle origin. J Neurosci 2000;20:1-5.

53. Frederickson CJ, Suh SW, Silva D, Thompson RB. Importance of zinc in the
central nervous system : the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr. 2000;130:1471-83.

82