Redox Reactions - 1457252174659 PDF

Chapter 8
Redox Reactions
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. The process in which oxidation number increases is
(1) Reduction (2) Hydrolysis (3) Oxidation (4) Decomposition
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidation number increases in oxidation reaction.
2. The oxidation number of phosphorus vary from

(1) – 3 to + 5 (2) – 1 to + 1 (3) – 3 to + 3 (4) – 5 to + 1
Sol. Answer (1)
Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons.
Hence, its oxidation number varies from –3 to +5
3. Oxidation number of iodine varies from

(1) – 1 to + 1 (2) – 1 to + 7 (3) + 3 to + 5 (4) – 1 to + 5
Sol. Answer (2)
Iodine has 7 valence electrons.
 Its oxidation number varies from –1 to +7
4. White P reacts with caustic soda, the products are PH3 and NaH2PO2. The reaction is an example of
(1) Oxidation (2) Reduction (3) Disproportionation (4) Neutralization
Sol. Answer (3)
3 1
P4  NaOH  PH3  NaH2 PO2
Phosphorus' oxidation state changes from 0 to –3 as well as +1 i.e. it undergoes disproportionation.
5. Oxidation number of oxygen atom in O3 molecule is

(1) 0 (2) –2 (3) +2 (4) –½
Sol. Answer (1)
In O3 (Ozone), there is no electronegativity difference between two oxygen atoms.
 Oxidation number is 0.
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148 Redox Reactions Solution of Assignment
6. The oxidation number of C in CH4, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4 is respectively
(1) –4, –2, 0, +2, +4 (2) +2, 4, 0, –2, –4 (3) 4, 2, 0, –2, 4 (4) 0, 2, –2, 4, 4
Sol. Answer (1)
CH4  x  4  0 ⇒ x  4
CH3 Cl  x  3  1  0 ⇒ x  2
CH2Cl2  x  2  2  0 ⇒ x  0
CHCl3  x  1  3  0 ⇒ x   2
CCl4  x  4  0 ⇒ x   4
7. Chlorine is in +3 oxidation number in

(1) HCl (2) HClO4 (3) ICl (4) ClF3
Sol. Answer (4)
x
In ClF31 , x + (–1 × 3) = 0
 x = +3
8. Given that the oxidation number of sulphur is –2, the equivalent weight of sulphur is
(1) 16 (2) 32 (3) 9 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (1)
Atomic weight 32
Equivalent weight    16
Valency 2
9. In a reaction between zinc and iodine, zinc iodide is formed. Which is being oxidised?
(1) Zinc ions (2) Iodide ions (3) Zinc atom (4) Iodine
Sol. Answer (3)
2
Zn0  l02  ZnI2
0   2
⇒ Oxidised
10. In the following equation

2Br2 + 6CO32– + 3H2O  5Br – + BrO3– + 6HCO3¯
(1) Bromine is oxidised and carbonate is reduced (2) Bromine is reduced and carbonate is oxidised
(3) Bromine is neither reduced nor oxidised (4) Bromine is reduced as well oxidised
Sol. Answer (4)
In the reaction,
Br20  Br  Reduction
5
Br20  BrO5 Oxidation
Solution of Assignment Redox Reactions 149
11. In which reaction, there is change in oxidation number of N atom?
(1) 2NO2 N2O4 (2) 2NO2 + H2O  HNO3 + HNO2

(3) NH4OH  NH4+ + OH– (4) N2O5 + H2O  2HNO3
Sol. Answer (2)
4 5 3
NO2  H2O  HNO3  HNO2
x  2  2  0 x  6 1 0 x  4 1 0

⇒x4 ⇒x5 ⇒x3
12. When iron is added to CuSO4 solution, copper is precipitated. It is due to

(1) Oxidation of Cu+2 (2) Reduction of Cu+2
(3) Hydrolysis of CuSO4 (4) Ionization of CuSO4
Sol. Answer (2)
0 2 0
Fe  CuSO4  FeSO4  Cu
2 0
Reduction of Cu 
 Cu
13. Which of the following reactions involves oxidation and reduction?

(1) NaBr + HCl  NaCl + HBr (2) HBr + AgNO3  AgBr + HNO3
(3) H2 + Br2  2HBr (4) Na2O + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidation
1 1
H02  Br20  HBr
Reduction
14. Which of the following involves the reduction of copper?

(1) Cu(s) + ½ O2(g)  CuO(s) (2) Cu2+(aq) + 2I–(aq)  2CuI(aq)
(3) CuCl2(s) + 2F–(aq)  CuF2 + Cl2(g) (4) CuO + H2O  Cu(OH)2
Sol. Answer (2)
Cu2  2I  Cu1I1
2 1
Cu  Cu
i.e. copper is reduced
15. Which one of the following is the correct match?

(1) Cl2 - only reducing agent (2) HNO2 - only oxidising agent
(3) HNO3 - both oxidising and reducing agent (4) SO2 - both oxidising and reducing agent
Sol. Answer (4)

Oxidation state of S in SO2 is +4.
So if can undergo oxidation to +6.
or undergo reduction to –2.
16. The oxidation number of sulphur in H2S2O8 is

(1) + 7 (2) +6 (3) –6 (4) +4
Sol. Answer (2)
–1 OH OH
O
–2

+6
 0
–2O O
0 0
–1
H2S2O8 (Marshall's Acid)
x–1–2–2–1=0
 x = +6
17. In which of the following compounds iron has lowest oxidation number?
(1) FeSO4 · (NH4)2SO4 · 6H2O (2) K4[Fe(CN)6]
(3) Fe2O (4) Fe2O3
Sol. Answer (3)
Fe2O  2x  ( 2)  0

 x = +1
In FeSO 4  x  2
4
⎡ 2 ⎤
In ⎢Fe(CN )6 ⎥  x  (6x  1)  4
⎣ ⎦
 x=+2
Fe2O3  2x  2  3  0
 x=+3
18. Phosphorus has the oxidation state + 3 in

(1) Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) (2) Phosphorus acid (H3PO3)
(3) Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3) (4) Pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7)
Sol. Answer (2)
x
In H3 PO3 , ( 1 3)  x  ( 2  3)  0
 x=+3
19. The brown ring complex compound is formulated as [Fe(H2O)5 NO]SO4. The oxidation state of iron is
(1) +1 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +6
Sol. Answer (1)
Oxidation state of iron in brown ring is +1. This needs to be remembered.
20. Oxidation number of Cr in CrO5 is
(1) + 10 (2) +6 (3) +4 (4) +5
Sol. Answer (2)
–2
O
–1O O –1 Peroxide oxygen –1
Cr
Oxide –2
–1O O –1
 x – 2 – 1 – 1 – 1– 1 = 0
 x = +6
21. In which of the following compounds, the oxidation number of iodine is fractional?
(1) IF7 (2) I3– (3) IF5 (4) IF3
Sol. Answer (2)
In l3 , 3x  1
1
 x
3
22. Which reaction involves neither oxidation nor reduction?
(1) CrO24  Cr2O72 (2) Cr  CrCl3
(3) KMnO4  MnO2 (4) Fe  Fe2O3  xH2O

Sol. Answer (1)
6 6
Cr O24  Cr 2 O72
Cr remains in +6 oxidation state and oxygen remains in –2 oxidation state.
23. In the chemical reaction,

K2Cr2O7 + aH2SO4 + bSO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + cH2O. a, b and c are
(1) 1, 3, 1 (2) 4, 1, 4 (3) 3, 2, 3 (4) 2, 1, 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Here,
6 4 3 ⎛ 6 ⎞
Cr2 O72  SO2  Cr 2 ⎜ SO4 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠3
6 3
So, Cr  Cr (Reduction)
4 6
SO2  SO24 (Oxidation)
O.N. = +3 × 2 – +6 × 2 = – 6
6 4 3 ⎛ 6 ⎞
Cr2O27  3SO2  Cr2 ⎜ SO4 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠3
O.N. = 3 × +6 – 3 × +4 = +6
 Net change in oxidation number is 0.
Now, to balance oxygen and hydrogen
K 2Cr2O7  3SO2  2K   Cr2 (SO4 )3  H2O
∵ Right side is deficient in 1 oxygen.

Now, left side is deficient in 2 Hydrogen so we add 1 H2SO4
 K 2Cr2O7  3SO2  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO4 )3  H2O
24. Oxidation number of sodium in sodium 3 amalgam is

(1) +1 (2) 0 (3) –1 (4) +2
Sol. Answer (2)
An amalgam is a homogeneous mixture
 Oxidation state of sodium and mercury in sodium amalgam is 0.
25. Which of the following compound cannot be oxidised by O3?

(1) KI (2) KMnO4 (3) K2MnO4 (4) FeSO4
Sol. Answer (2)
KMnO4 cannot be oxidised by O3 since Mn is in its highest oxidation state of +7.
26. In alkaline solution KMnO4 reacts as follows

2KMnO4 + 2KOH  2K2MnO4 + H2O + O
Therefore, its equivalent weight will be
(1) 31.6 (2) 52.7 (3) 79.0 (4) 158.0
Sol. Answer (4)
7 6
2e
2KMnO4 
 2K 2MnO4
2 moles of KMnO4 accept 2e–

 1 mole of KMnO4 accepts 1e–
 n factor = 1
Molar weight of KMnO4

 Equivalent weight of KMnO4   158
1
27. The equivalent weight of FeS2 in the following reaction is FeS2 + O2  Fe+3 + SO2
Mol. wt Mol. wt Mol. wt Mol. wt

(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 7 11 9
Sol. Answer (3)

O.N. = 3 – 2 = +1
2 4
FeS21  O2  Fe3  SO2
O.N. = [+4 – (–1)] × 2 = +10
FeS2  Fe2 and S22
i.e., Sulphur is in – 1 state

 For 1 mole of FeS2, O.N. = +11
 n factor = 11
O.N. = change in oxidation number.
28. When SO2 is passed in acidified potassium dichromate solution, the oxidation number of S is changed from
(1) + 4 to zero (2) + 4 to + 2 (3) + 4 to + 6 (4) + 6 to + 4
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidation
4 6
K 2Cr2O7  SO2  Cr 3  SO24
29. How many mole of FeSO4 reacted with one mole of KMnO4 in acidic medium?
2 1 1
(1) (2) 5 (3) (4)
5 2 5
Sol. Answer (2)
O.N. = –5
7 2
MnO4  FeSO4  Mn2  Fe3
(O.N. = +1) × 5
 The reaction becomes
MnO 4  5FeSO4  Mn2  5Fe3 
30. A compound of Xe and F is found to have 53.3% Xe (At. mass = 133). Oxidation number of Xe in this compound
is
(1) +2 (2) 0 (3) +4 (4) +6
Sol. Answer (4)
Let the compound be XeFn.
133
  100  53.3 ∵ Atomic weight of F  19
133  19  n
133  19  n 1
or, 
133  100 53.3
or, 19n  13300  133

53.3
 n = 6.13  6
 Compound is XeF6 and oxidation state of Xe is +6 .
31. Which of the following is not correct for electrochemical cell?

(1) Convert chemical energy to electrical energy (2) Anode is –ve terminal
(3) Cathode is –ve terminal (4) Cathode is +ve terminal
Sol. Answer (3)
ln an electrochemical cell, cathode is the positive terminal, not negative.
32. Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

(1) H2 + Cl2  2 HCl (2) NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O
(3) Photosynthesis (4) Cell respiration
Sol. Answer (2)
Neutralisation reactions are not redox reactions
NaOH  HCl  NaCl  H2O
This is a neutralisation reaction.
33. Redox reaction have no concern with

(1) Neutralization of acid bases (2) Salt hydrolysis
(3) Esterification (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Redox reactions have nothing to do with neutralization reactions, salt hydrolysis or esterification reactions since
there is no change in oxidation number.
NH2
34. Electroreduction
NO2
Weakly acidic medium
n factor of nitrobenzene in this process

(1) 3 (2) 6 (3) 2 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
+3 +3
NO2 NH2
N accepts 6 electrons to undergo a change of –6 oxidation state.

 n factor = 6.
35. In the process of photosynthesis, which takes place in green plants which undergoes reduction?
(1) Water (2) CO2 (3) Protons (4) Photons
Sol. Answer (2)
In photosynthesis, CO2 undergoes reduction
4 0
CO2  H2O  C6 H12O6  O2
Carbon undergoes a change in oxidation state of +4 to 0 in glucose.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. The ratio of number of moles of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 required to oxidise 0.1 mol Sn2+ to Sn+4 in acidic medium
(1) 6 : 5 (2) 5:6 (3) 1:2 (4) 2:1
Sol. Answer (2)
O.N. = 5
MnO4  Sn2  Mn2  Sn4
O.N. = 2
2 mole of Sn2+  5 mole of MnO4–
5  0.1
Then, 0.1 
2
Since,
Cr2O2–
7  2Cr 3
O.N. = 6
Sn2  Sn4

O.N. = 2
2 mole of Sn2+  6 mole of Cr2O72
6  0.1
Then, 0.1 
2
5  0.1
MnO4 2
Then, ratio = = =5:6
Cr2O24 6  0.1
2
NaOH
2. Cl2   NaCl  NaClO3  H2O
The equivalent mass of Cl2 in the above reaction is
M M 3M
(1) M (2) (3) (4)
3 2 5
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ 2e  ⎞
⎜ Cl2   2Cl ⎟  5 …(1)
⎝ ⎠
5
5Cl2  2ClO3  10e  …(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
6Cl2  10Cl  2ClO3
 6 moles of Cl2 require 10 moles of electrons
10
 1 mole of Cl2 require moles of electrons
6
5
 n factor 
3
Molar mass 3
 Equivalent mass    Molar mass
5 5
3
3. KCl is used as an electrolyte in salt bridge because

(1) K+ and Cl– are isoelectronic (2) Monovalent ions are required
(3) Both the ions have almost same velocity (4) They are having similar size
Sol. Answer (3)
KCl is used in salt bridge since K+ and Cl– have almost the same ionic velocity.
4. EMF of the given cell
2 2
A (s) | A (aq) || B(aq) | B(s)
Given EA / A 2 : 1.4 V and EB/B


2 : 1.4 V
(1) 2.8 V (2) 1.8 V (3) 0V (4) –1.8 V
Sol. Answer (1)

E0cell  Ecathode
0
SRP  E0anode SRP

 E0anode SOP  E0cathode SOP
Where SRP is standard reduction potential
and SOP is standard oxidation potential

 ECell = [1.4 – (–1.4)]V
= +2.8 V
5. Electrode potential depends upon
(1) Size of electrode (2) Surface area of electrode

(3) Temperature (4) Shape of electrode
Sol. Answer (3)
Electrode potential depends upon temperature
G = – nFE°
and G depends upon temperature
6. Oxidation number of Cr atom in CrO5 and K3CrO8 respectively

(1) +6, +6 (2) +5, +6 (3) +6, +5 (4) +5, +5
Sol. Answer (3)
3–
O– 2 –1 –1
–1 O O –1 O O
Cr –1 O O –1
–1 O O –1 Cr
–1 O O –1
O O
–1 –1
Cr +6 Cr +5
7. Number of electrons involved in the reaction when 0.1 mol NH3 dissolved in water
(1) 2 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.9 (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (4)
NH3  H2O  NH4OH ; not a redox reaction.
1
8. F2  e  F E  3.02 V
2
Electrode potential for given reaction
F2  2e   2F
(1) 3.02 V (2) 6.04 V (3) 1.5 V (4) –3.02 V

Sol. Answer (1)
E° is an intensive property, so it does not change with the amount of substance.
1
 F2  e  F ; E  3.02 V
2
F2  2e   2F ; E  3.02 V
1000F2  2000e   2000F ; E  3.02 V
9. Three metals A, B and C are arranged in increasing order of standard reduction electrode potential, hence their
chemical reactivity order will be
(1) A < B < C (2) A>B>C (3) B>C>A (4) A=B=C
Sol. Answer (2)

Increasing order of standard reduction potential
A<B<C
 Increasing order of standard oxidation potential
A>B>C
Metals have tendency to get oxidized
 Higher the tendency to get oxidized, higher the reactivity
 Reactivity order:
A>B>C
10. Find the incorrect statement

(1) Higher reduction potential of non-metal means stronger reducing agent
(2) Lower oxidation potential of a metal means strong oxidising agent
(3) Oxidation state of oxygen in O3 is –1
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher reduction potential means higher tendency to get reduced i.e. better oxidizing agent.
Lower oxidation potential means higher reduction potential means
 High tendency to get reduced
 High tendency to oxidize others
Oxidation state of oxygen in O3 is 0.
11. When an alkali metal is reacted with hydrogen then metallic hydride is formed. In this reaction
(1) Hydrogen is oxidised (2) Hydrogen is reduced
(3) Hydrogen is neither oxidised nor reduced (4) Hydrogen is oxidised as well as reduced
Sol. Answer (2)
2M  H02  2M1H1
 H02  H1 (Reduction)
12. In case of CH3COOH, the oxidation number of carbon of carboxylic group is

(1) –3 (2) Zero (3) +1 (4) +3
Sol. Answer (4)
–2
H O
0
H–C –C–O–H
–1
H
 x+0–2–1=0
 x = +3
13. How many moles of KMnO4 are required to oxidise one mole of SnCl2 in acidic medium?
1 2 3 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 5 5 5
Sol. Answer (2)
(O.N. = +2) × 5
7 2
MnO–4  SnCl2  Mn2  Sn4
(O.N. = –5) × 2
where O.N. = change in oxidation number

 The reaction becomes
2MnO4  5SnCl2  2Mn2  5Sn4 
5 moles SnCl2 require 2 moles of KMnO4
2
1 mole SnCl2 requires moles of KMnO4
5
14. Which compound acts as oxidising agent only?

(1) SO2 (2) H2S (3) H2SO4 (4) HNO2
Sol. Answer (3)
In H2SO4, sulphur is in its highest possible oxidation state. Hence it can only undergo reduction and oxidize
others.
15. The average oxidation state of chlorine in bleaching powder is

(1) –1 (2) +1 (3) Zero (4) –2 as well as +2
Sol. Answer (3)
+1
O – Cl
Ca
Cl– 1
Bleaching powder
 Average oxidation state  1  1  0

2
16. When benzaldehyde is oxidised to give benzoic acid then the oxidation state of carbon of aldehydic group is
changed from
(1) +2 to +3 (2) +1 to +3 (3) Zero to +2 (4) No change
Sol. Answer (2)
–2 –2
O O
[O]
C–C C–C –1
+1 H +3 OH
+1
x–2+1=0 x–2–1=0
⇒ x = +1 ⇒ x = +3
 Oxidation number changes from +1 to +3.
17. Which of the following is incorrect regarding salt bridge solution?

(1) Solution must be a strong electrolyte
(2) Solution should be inert towards both electrodes
(3) Size of cations and anions of salt should be much different
(4) Salt bridge solution is prepared in gelatin or agar-agar to make it semi-solid
Sol. Answer (3)
In salt bridge, size of cations and anions should not be much different, they should be similar.
18. Standard electrode potentials of redox couples A 2+ /A, B 2+ /B, C/C 2+ and D 2+ /D are 0.3 V, –0.5 V,
–0.75 V and 0.9 V respectively. Which of these is best oxidising agent and reducing agent respectively?
(1) D2+/D and B2+/B (2) B2+/B and D2+/D (3) D2+/D and C2+/C (4) C2+/C and D2+/D
Sol. Answer (1)
Out of the given couples, highest reduction potential means highest tendency to get reduced  Best oxidizing
agent (D2+/D)
Similarly lowest reduction potential
2

 Best reducing agent B / B   0.5V 
Because C  C2 ; E   0.75 V
 C21  C ; E   0.75 V
19. The number of moles of H2O2 required to completely react with 400 ml of 0.5 N KMnO4 in acidic medium are
(1) 0.1 (2) 0.2 (3) 1.0 (4) 0.5
Sol. Answer (1)
(O.N. = –5) × 2
7 1
MnO4  H2O2  Mn2  O02
(O.N. = +2) × 5
where,
O.N. = Change in oxidation number
 Reaction becomes
2MnO 4  5H2O2  2Mn2  5O2

In the reaction, for 1 mole of KMnO4,
O.N. = 5
 n factor of KMnO4 = 5
Given, normality of KMnO4 = 0.5 N
We know, normality = Molarity × n-factor
 Molarity = 0.1 M.
 Number of moles of KMnO4 in 400 ml = 0.4 × 0.1 = 0.04 moles
From the reaction,
2 moles of KMnO4 react with 5 moles of H2O2
5
 0.04 moles of KMnO4 react with  0.04 moles of H2O2 = 0.1
2
20. Cl2 (g) + XOH  YClO3– + ZH2O + 10e–

The coefficient X, Y and Z are
(1) 6, 2, 2 (2) 5, 1, 3 (3) 12, 2, 6 (4) 12, 1, 6
Sol. Answer (3)
0 5
Cl2  2ClO3  10e 
To balance O and H, we first find out side deficient in 'O' atoms.
Cl2  6H2O  2ClO3  10e
Then find out side deficient in H and add H2O, then add equal number of OH– on opposite side.
Cl2  6H2O  2ClO3  12H2O
Adding OH–,
Cl2  12OH  2ClO3  6H2 O  10e
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Which of the following processes does not involve oxidation of iron? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Liberation of H2 from steam by iron at high temperature
(2) Rusting of iron sheets
(3) Decolourization of blue CuSO4 solution by iron
(4) Formation of Fe(CO)5 from Fe
Sol. Answer (4)
2. (a) H2O2+O3  H2O + 2O2

(b) H2O2 + Ag2O  2Ag + H2O + O2
Role of hydrogen peroxide in the above reactions is respectively [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Oxidizing in (a) and reducing in (b) (2) Reducing in (a) and oxidizing in (b)
(3) Reducing in (a) and (b) (4) Oxidizing in (a) and (b)
Sol. Answer (3)
3. In which of the following compounds, nitrogen exhibits highest oxidation state? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) N3H (2) NH2OH (3) N2H4 (4) NH3
Sol. Answer (1)
4. A solution contains Fe2+, Fe3+ and – ions. This solution was treated with iodine at 35C. E for Fe3+/Fe2+ is +0.77
V and E for I2/2I– = 0.536 V. The favourable redox reaction is [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) – will be oxidised to 2 (2) Fe2+ will be oxidised to Fe3+
(3) 2 will be reduced to – (4) There will be no redox reaction
Sol. Answer (1)

Favourable redox reaction is one for which E° = +ve because only then
G would be –ve.
G° = – nFE°
Ecell  E  E   = + 0.234 V
Fe3  /Fe2 E E
l2 /2l cell cathode
– Eanode
 Cathode (reduction)  Fe3   Fe2
Anode (oxidation)  2I  I2
5. Oxidation states of P in H4P2O5, H4P2O6, H4P2O7 are respectively [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) +3, +5, +4 (2) +5, +3, +4 (3) +5, +4, +3 (4) +3, +4, +5
Sol. Answer (4)
6. Oxidation numbers of P in PO34 , of S in SO24 and that of Cr in Cr2O72 , are respectively
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) + 3, + 6 and + 5 (2) + 5, + 3 and + 6 (3) – 3, + 6 and + 6 (4) + 5, + 6 and + 6
Sol. Answer (4)
7. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be needed to react with one mole of sulphite ion in acidic solution is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
3 4 2
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
5 5 5
Sol. Answer (4)
8. Standard reduction potentials of the half reactions are given below

F2(g) + 2e–  2F–(aq) ; Eo = +2.85 V
Cl2(g) + 2e–  2Cl–(aq) ; Eo = +1.36 V
Br2(l) + 2e–  2Br–(aq) ; Eo = +1.06 V
I2(s) + 2e–  2I–(aq) ; Eo = +0.53 V
The strongest oxidising and reducing agents respectively are
(1) F2 and I– (2) Br2 and Cl– (3) Cl2 and Br– (4) Cl2 and I2
Sol. Answer (1)
Highest reduction potential  strongest oxidizing agent i.e., F2 (+2.85 V)
Lowest reduction potential  strongest reducing agent i.e., I– (E° = – 0.53 V)
9. Standard electrode potential for Sn4 / Sn2 couple is +0.15 V and that for the Cr 3 / Cr couple is
–0.74 V. These two couples in their standard state are connected to make a cell. The cell potential will be
(1) +1.83 V (2) +1.19 V (3) +0.89 V (4) +0.18 V
Sol. Answer (3)
E°Cell = E°cathode – E°anode = E°reduction – E°oxidation
For the cell to be functional, E° must be positive
 E° in the formula is always taken in terms (E°)SRP i.e. standard reduction potential.
Here E° would be positive when
Sn4   Sn2 ; E   0.15 V
And Cr  Cr 3 ; E  (  0.74 V)   0.74 V
Oxidation potential
(E°SOP = – E°SRP)
 E  E  E = 0.15 V – (– 0.74 V) = +0.89 V

Sn4  /Sn2  Cr 3  /Cr
10. Standard reduction electrode potential of three metals X, Y and Z are –1.2 V, +0.5 V and –3.0 V respectively.
The reducing power of these metals will be
(1) X > Y > Z (2) Y>Z>X (3) Y>X>Z (4) Z>X>Y
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher reduction potential  stronger oxidizing power
 Weaker reducing power
 Reducing power : Y < X < Z
11. In the reaction

2H2O2  2H2O + O2
(1) Oxygen is oxidised only (2) Oxygen is reduced only
(3) Oxygen is neither oxidised nor reduced (4) Oxygen is both oxidised and reduced
Sol. Answer (4)
H2O21  H2O 2  O02

Oxygen is both oxidised and reduced.
i.e. this is a disproportion reaction.
12. Which change requires an oxidising agent?

(1) 2S2 O32  2
S 4 O6 (2)

Zn2 
Zn (3)

ClO 
Cl

(4)

SO3 2
SO4
Sol. Answer (1)
2S2O32

2
S4O6
2x – (3 × 2) = – 2 4x + (– 2 × 6) = – 2
 x=+2  x = + 2.5
So, sulphur undergoes oxidation from +2 to +2.5 and hence requires an oxidizing agent.
13. Given the following reactions involving A, B, C and D

(i) C + B+  C+ + B (ii) A+ + D  No reaction
(iii) C+ + A  No reaction (iv) D + B+  D + + B
The correct arrangement of A, B, C, D in order of their decreasing ability as reducing agent
(1) D > B > C > A (2) A>C>D>B (3) C>A>B>D (4) C>A>D>B
Sol. Answer (4)

From the data, it is concluded that
D cannot reduce A+
A cannot reduce C+
 Reducing power  C  A  D
Also, It is seen that D reduces B+
 Reducing power  C  A  D  B
14. Which element undergoes disproportionation in water?

(1) Cl2 (2) F2 (3) K (4) Cs
Sol. Answer (1)
Cl2 in water disproportionates to give HCl and HOCl
Cl2  H2O  HCl  HOCl
15. Standard reduction potentials at 25°C of Li+ / Li, Ba2+ / Ba, Na+ / Na and Mg2+ / Mg are –3.05, –2.90, –2.71 and –
2.37 volt respectively. Which one of the following is the strongest oxidizing agent?
(1) Ba2+ (2) Mg2+ (3) Na+ (4) Li+
Sol. Answer (2)
Strongest oxidizing agent
 Highest reduction potential
Out of the given values, Mg2+ has the highest reduction potential
16. Which substance is serving as a reducing agent in the following reaction?

14H+ + Cr2O72– + 3Ni  7H2O + 3Ni2+ + Cr3+
(1) H+ (2) Cr2O72– (3) H2O (4) Ni
Sol. Answer (4)
6
Cr  Cr 3 (Oxidizing agent)
Ni  Ni2 (Reducing agent)

i.e. Ni acts as reducing agent since if reduces Cr+6 to Cr3+
17. The oxide, which cannot act as a reducing agent, is

(1) CO2 (2) ClO2 (3) NO2 (4) SO2
Sol. Answer (1)
CO2 cannot act as a reducing agent because to reduce others, it itself has to get oxidized. This is not possible
because carbon is already in its highest possible oxidation state.
18. Oxidation state of Fe in Fe3O4 is

5 4 3 8
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 5 2 3
Sol. Answer (4)
Fe3O4 3x + (– 2 × 4) = 0
8
 x
3
19. Oxidation numbers of A, B, C are +2, +5 and –2 respectively. Possible formula of compound is
(1) A2(BC2)2 (2) A3(BC4)2 (3) A2(BC3)2 (4) A3(B2C)2
Sol. Answer (2)
Possible formula for the compound would be
A 3 (BC4 )2
A 3  3   2  6
BC4   5  ( 2  4)  3
2 BC4   – 3  2  6
Combining A3 and 2BC4, we get net charge of 0
i.e. Electrical neutrality of compound is maintained.
In the other options, electrical neutrality is not maintained.
20. The oxidation states of sulphur in the anions SO32–, S2O42– and S2O62– follow the order
(1) S2O42– < SO32– < S2O62– (2) SO32– < S2O42– < S2O62–
(3) S2O42– < S2O62– < SO32– (4) S2O62– < S2O42– < SO32–
Sol. Answer (1)
SO32  x  ( 2  3)  2 ⇒ x  4
S2O24  2x  ( 2  4)  2 ⇒ x  3
S2O62  2x  ( 2  6)  2 ⇒ x  5
 Oxidation state follows the order,
S2O26  SO32  S2O24
21. Electrode potential for the following half-cell reactions are

Zn  Zn2+ + 2e–; E° = + 0.76 V;
Fe  Fe2+ + 2e–; E° = + 0.44 V
The EMF for the cell reaction Fe2+ + Zn  Zn2+ + Fe will be
(1) – 0.32 V (2) + 1.20 V (3) – 1.20 V (4) + 0.32 V
Sol. Answer (4)

Ecell  Ereduction

SRP  Eoxidation

SRP
 – Ereduction

SOP  Eoxidation SOP
 E  E
Zn/Zn2  Fe/Fe2 
 (0.76  0.44) V   0.32 V
22. In acidic medium, H2O2 changes Cr2O7–2 to CrO5 which has two (—O—O—) bonds. Oxidation state of Cr in
CrO5 is
(1) +5 (2) +3 (3) +6 (4) –10
Sol. Answer (3)
SECTION - D
Assertion - Reason Type Questions
1. A : Fluorine acts as a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine.
R : Standard reduction potential of fluorine is higher than Cl2.
Sol. Answer (1)
Standard reduction potential of F2 is higher than that of Cl2
 Fluorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2
2. A : Oxidation number of carbon in HCN is +4.

R : Oxidation state and valency is same for carbon.
Sol. Answer (4)
Valency of carbon is 4 while oxidation state of carbon varies from compound to compound.
In HCN
1 2 3

H C —
—N
C  2 state
M
3. A : Equivalent weight of KMnO4 in acidic medium is .
5
R : In acidic medium 1 mol of MnO4– gains 5 electron.

Sol. Answer (1)
In acidic medium,
7
5e
MnO4 
 Mn2
i.e. 1 mole of KMnO4 accepts 5 electrons

 n factor of KMnO4 = 5
4. A : Electrons flow in external circuit of galvanic cell while ions flow in internal circuit.
R : Direction of current flow is reverse that of electron flow.
Sol. Answer (2)
Direction of conventional current is opposite to flow of electrons.
Also, electrons flow in the external circuit while ions flow in the internal circuit.
5. A : Sn2+ and Fe3+ can’t remain together in a solution.

R : Sn2+ and Fe3+ will react mutually to form Sn4+ and Fe2+.
Sol. Answer (1)
Sn2+ and Fe3+ will react to give Sn4+ and Fe2+ because E  E
Fe3  /Fe2  Sn4  /Sn2 
So, they cannot remain mutually in a solution.
6. A : The oxidation number of S is +6 in H2SO4.
R : H2SO4 has one peroxide linkage.
Sol. Answer (3)
In H2SO4, +2 + x + (–2 × 4) = 0
 x = +6
O
Oxidation state of sulphure = + 6
Structure of H2SO4 is HO – S – OH
If does not have any peroxide linkage. O
7. A : HNO2 acts as reducing agent only.

R : HNO2 oxidises to HNO3 only but not reduce by any reducing agent.
Sol. Answer (4)
In HNO2, oxidation state is +3 for nitrogen.
Hence it can be oxidized to +5 or be reduced upto –3.
 If can act as both reducing as well as oxidizing agent.
8. A : In alkaline medium, KMnO4 acts as powerful oxidising agent.

R : KMnO4 reduces to give Mn2+ in alkaline medium.
Sol. Answer (3)
KMnO4 acts as a powerful oxidizing agent in both acidic and alkaline medium.
KMnO4 reduces to Mn+6 in alkaline medium.
9. A : When Cu 2 S is converted into Cu + & SO 2 , then equivalent weight of Cu 2 S will be M/8

(M = Mol. wt. of Cu2S)
R : Cu+ is converted Cu++, during this one electrons is lost.
Sol. Answer (2)
O.N. = +2 × 2 – 2 = 2
 For 1 mole Cu2S, net change in oxidation number = 2 + 6 = 8
1 4
 n-factor = 8 Cu2S2  2Cu2  SO2
M
 Equivalent weight = O.N. = 4 – (–2) = 6
8
Also, Cu  Cu2  e 
 1 electron is lost.
10. A : I2 is a mild oxidising agent.

R : I2 can be used for titrating sodium thiosulphate.
Sol. Answer (2)
l2 is indeed a mild oxidizing agent. It has positive (low) value of E° = 0.54 V
It is used for titrating sodium thiosulphate
l2  S 4 O26  2l  4SO24


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Chapter 8

2. The oxidation number of phosphorus vary from

3. Oxidation number of iodine varies from

Phosphorus' oxidation state changes from 0 to –3 as well as +1 i.e. it undergoes disproportionation.

5. Oxidation number of oxygen atom in O3 molecule is

7. Chlorine is in +3 oxidation number in

10. In the following equation

Br20  Br  Reduction

(1) 2NO2 N2O4 (2) 2NO2 + H2O  HNO3 + HNO2

x  2  2  0 x  6 1 0 x  4 1 0

12. When iron is added to CuSO4 solution, copper is precipitated. It is due to

13. Which of the following reactions involves oxidation and reduction?

14. Which of the following involves the reduction of copper?

Cu2  2I  Cu1I1

15. Which one of the following is the correct match?

Sol. Answer (4)

16. The oxidation number of sulphur in H2S2O8 is

Fe2O  2x  ( 2)  0

18. Phosphorus has the oxidation state + 3 in

22. Which reaction involves neither oxidation nor reduction?

(1) CrO24  Cr2O72 (2) Cr  CrCl3

(3) KMnO4  MnO2 (4) Fe  Fe2O3  xH2O

23. In the chemical reaction,

 Net change in oxidation number is 0.

Now, to balance oxygen and hydrogen

K 2Cr2O7  3SO2  2K   Cr2 (SO4 )3  H2O

∵ Right side is deficient in 1 oxygen.

 K 2Cr2O7  3SO2  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO4 )3  H2O

24. Oxidation number of sodium in sodium 3 amalgam is

25. Which of the following compound cannot be oxidised by O3?

26. In alkaline solution KMnO4 reacts as follows

2 moles of KMnO4 accept 2e–

Molar weight of KMnO4

Mol. wt Mol. wt Mol. wt Mol. wt

Sol. Answer (3)

O.N. = [+4 – (–1)] × 2 = +10

FeS2  Fe2 and S22

i.e., Sulphur is in – 1 state

 The reaction becomes

MnO 4  5FeSO4  Mn2  5Fe3 

or, 19n  13300  133

31. Which of the following is not correct for electrochemical cell?

32. Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

NaOH  HCl  NaCl  H2O

This is a neutralisation reaction.

33. Redox reaction have no concern with

n factor of nitrobenzene in this process

N accepts 6 electrons to undergo a change of –6 oxidation state.

Carbon undergoes a change in oxidation state of +4 to 0 in glucose.

MnO4  Sn2  Mn2  Sn4

2 mole of Sn2+  5 mole of MnO4–

Sn2  Sn4

2 mole of Sn2+  6 mole of Cr2O72

The equivalent mass of Cl2 in the above reaction is

Sol. Answer (4)

Adding (1) and (2), we get

6Cl2  10Cl  2ClO3

 6 moles of Cl2 require 10 moles of electrons

3. KCl is used as an electrolyte in salt bridge because

4. EMF of the given cell

Given EA / A 2 : 1.4 V and EB/B

(1) 2.8 V (2) 1.8 V (3) 0V (4) –1.8 V

Sol. Answer (1)