He Cell Structure Membrane systems and organelles ~ plasma. membrane: contro what enters / aves cell (nuclear pores] = nucleus + _ surrounded "nuclear envelope - contain “ehromesemes"- long molecule of DIVA - ‘nucleolus. sie g ribeseme precluction ~ code on part of DIVA ~ ribosomes: _ RIVA + protein - free in eytoplam + attached te RER - RER: _ enclose small_spaces “cisternae” ribosomes prota sycthess — Clinking amine_acick ) meve into asternae — <——I > break inte membrene- bound vesicles — Golgi apparatus Gyi body: modifies protein C+ corbohydrale group: ) — break away —> cell surface imembrane > secreted vic exceyfosis ~ Smooth ER: — more flattened esternae. ~ involve On synthesis + transport of steroids + lipids break doun fexins chonokia: _ site ot respirotien ATP producecl ~ 2 membranes Cinner 1s folded. — enstae ) > Aysosomes: _ little packages of hydrolyhe Colgestive) enaymes - broken off fom Colgi apparatus digest: ~ food taken inte cell ~ Boeteria fells faken in by phagocyloss ~ break dlewn unwanted /damaged organelles -Ceniioles: — nwerehabules form spindle churing animal call cliw'sion. -Chloroplast: — envelepe gq & membranes ~ background matertal Csrema) contains. patrect membranes Cthylakolds) > stacks Grana) which contains shlerophyll FOS$ ~ May conlain starch grains flows Vet cyeplecm betwen calls pA v pb lesrodaFrokenyotie. » Exkoryctic calls ; us Frokoryotic._cellg ~ much smaller 1-5 pm diameter -_ 9 membrane ~ bound. nucleus / other mem brane - keunel organelles — plasma membrane onl i genetic material noked in cytoplasm — organelles ribosomes, ribosome presi —— ~cell membrane Eukaycte calls auclecid DNA > deuble membrone- bound nuclet's separates genehe mater! from other organelles ~ endlerrembrane system: different membrane ~bourc! organelles that mansport meacterialy arounol > energy pradueing organelles: mitechonokra, ehlerepkast > metabolism / energy cenversion the ell Prokarychic | Bic jotic — cel animal plant - call membrane, G) | Go) : G) 4 ne call wall | @) peptclegiyeom | C-) | cotfeclose | r nucleus tenvebpe ‘Coen c+) | ( chromosomes | bacteria! chremotemk - several. linecur \ “y circular DINA ghisi DNA mekeules XS s - plesrnicl |. + histenes sitlcabaalints c+) a) ogteplasmn ribosomes. | ¥CS 60m 308 220m | armies | C-) wa | ee] Vruses non -callular structures -mocle. of protein and nuclere accel @NA f RNA). Are- Provide energy fer ony energy = eensuming _activhyA. Biological Nlolecules Corbohyorates xT Lipids sor gi CH, 0, Ls energy scurce Cstoreh +glycegen) —>stered! S structuralsmerterialCeellulos¢.) Monosaccharides . gluccse , fructese, galactose - often has ring form simple sugar A- glucose. P- glucose CHCH CH,CH Oe = = ol Sones Noe eM 4 cH Dissccharides - cleuble sugar ~ sucrese <2 menol] = joined — by maltese = .gluccse: + glucose glycosidic _benals lactose = "+ galactose sucrose = * 4) fructose eendensation reactions + _2 mene covalently ycined - 1,0 fermed 2 AW giycesiic SS mo enol hycholysis reaction «disc split > A mene by breaking J ~ oc meleoule of HC a octlel suereas —s HO eg sucrose glucese + fluctese Gren-redlucing sugar zest ) form * menomer: identcal molecules that can be jomed —- polymers polymer: long chein of joined monomers macromolecule + Jorge biolagreal molecules 8 polysaccharide: eemplex sugar