• The first step a nurse has to undertake before

meeting a client is SELF-AWARENESS.

• Empathy best viewed as understanding other people.

• Unconditional positive regard is the best view of

RESPECT.
• Psychiatric nursing is both science and an art.

• As patient advocates, we deal with the client’s

RIGHTS and RESPONSIBILITIES.
• Our main role as a counselor is to do ACTIVE
LISTENING.
• Illusion can be corrected by presenting reality.

• The most common form illusion is VISUAL

• Hallucinations must be corrected by:

acknowledging, reorienting and distracting.

• The most common form of hallucination is

AUDITORY.

• Circumstantiality is secondary to
SUPPRESSION or REPRESSION.
• Shifting from one topic to another in
somewhat related way is known as
looseness of associations.

• Shifting from one topic to another in totally

unrelated way is known as flight of ideas.

• Flight of ideas is common to clients with

MANIA.

• Echolalia is common to clients with AUTISM.

• Verbigeration and perseveration are
common to clients suffering from
severe to panic anxiety.

• Delusions are fixed, false beliefs.

• The most common form of delusion is

DELUSION OF GRANDEUR.

• Delusion of grandeur is common to clients

with NARCISSISTIC personality disorder.
• Delusion of persecution is common to
PARANOID clients.

• Lability of affect is characterized by

rapid mood swings.

• Lability of affect is common to clients

with borderline personality disorder.
• The priorities to a client who has waxy
flexibility are NUTRITION and
CIRCULATION.
• Akinesia is secondary to psychological
trauma.
• Confabulation is common to clients with
Alzheimer’s disease and alcoholism.
• Dementia is immediate forgetfulness.
• Dementia is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s
disease.
• Ambivalence is mental conflict.
• The author of psychosocial development
theory is ERIK ERIKSON.

• Freud postulated the 3 psychic energies:

ego (reality), id (pleasure), superego
(moral) principles.

• Alteration of id or superego or both with

an intact ego is termed as NEUROSIS.

• Alteration of ego is termed as PSYCHOSIS.

• Freud proposed that in order to solve a present
condition, the past must be explored.

• Freud discussed that each stage of life, an area

must be satisfied or gratified to prevent
regression or fixation.

• The pleasures of the child during the oral stage

(0-2 years) is focused on using the mouth –
sucking, crying, etc.
• The anal stage covers the ideal age for toilet
training because of the ability of the child to
control both the anal and urinary sphincters.

• Holding on (rigid training) during the anal

stage can lead to obsessive-compulsive
personality.

• Letting go (loose training) during the anal

stage can lead to
aggressive-manipulative behaviors.
• The primary activity of a child during
the phallic phase is pseudo-
masturbation.
• The concept of normal homosexuality
appears during the phallic phase. A
boy wants the company of boys and
similar for the girls.
• Oedipus complex is a phenomenon
where a boy develops close
attachment with his mother and view
his father as a rival.
• Latency stage is the period
of calmness or stability.
• During the genital stage,
oedipal feelings are
reactivated towards the
opposite sex.
• The author of Cognitive
Development Theory is Jean Piaget
• Cognition is the process of
learning.
• Animism and trial and error method
is common during the
preoperational stage.
• Logical thinking starts to develop
during the Concrete Operational
Stage
• A person who is under the Preconventional
Level of morality avoids punishment.

• A person who is under the Conventional

Level of morality avoids group censure.

• A person who is under the

Postconventional Level of morality avoids
self-condemnation

• The highest form of morality is respect.

• The ideal number of members for group therapy
is 8-10.

• Play therapy is most effective for children.

• Psychodrama therapy is most effective for

adolescents.

• The most effective therapy for all ages is

Musical therapy.

• Art therapy includes color interpretationAND

graphology.
• The most effective therapy for phobia
is SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

• Implosive therapy is also known as

FLOODING

• Implosive therapy is done under strict

medical monitoring

• Cognitive Behavior Therapy is also

known as Rational Emotive Therapy.
• The most common indicator of ECT is
refractory depression

• A type of depression which cannot be

treated with medications or other
therapies is known as Refractory
Depression

• The pre-ECT drug that can lead to

respiratory depression is the Anectine.

• The priority to a client during ECT is safety.

• A client taking major
tranquilizers who is exposed to
UVR may suffer severe sunburns.

• When dopamine level is depleted,

signs of pseudoparkinsonism will
appear.
• The occurrence is high grade fever and muscle
rigidity in a client taking antipsychotics is
known as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.

• The initial manifestation of tardive dyskinesia

is lip smacking or vermiform movements of the
tongue.

• The drug of choice in treating anxiety

disorders is valium (diazepam).

• Anxiolytics are best taken before meals.

• The only antidepressant
without dietary restrictions is
the TCA.

• TCA is contraindicated to
clients with glaucoma.

• Effectivity of TCA and MAOI

may take 2-3 weeks.
• Headache to a client taking
MAOI may indicate
hypertensive crisis.

• The major concern in a client

taking SSRI is bleeding

• Headache in a client taking SSRI

must not be treated with aspirin.
• The normal lithium level is .5 – 1.5 mEq/L

• A client taking lithium must increase

fluids and sodium.

• A client taking lithium may experience

fine tremors but will subside after 1 – 2
weeks.

• A client’s blood lithium level must be

checked every 1-3 months
• The so-called antidote for lithium toxicity
is mannitol

• The only management to a client having

lithium toxicity who's suffering renal
failure is dialysis.

• Most psychotrophic drugs are taken after

meals.

• Antidote for pseudoparkinsonism are either

anticholinergic or dopaminergic agents.
• Positive stress are known as eustress

• Negative stress are known as distress

• During stress, our body responds by

activating the sympathetic nervous system.

• RA 8353 - Philippine Antirape Law

• RA 9262 - Anti VAWC Law

• RA 7610 – Child Abuse Law

• Nursing approach during crisis: active and
directive

• The best intervention for maturational

crisis is anticipatory guidance

• Sometimes called adventitious crises are

social crises

• Common phobia experienced by rape

victims are monophobia, androphobia and
coitophobia
• The most common form of
child abuse is emotional abuse

• According to RA 7610, we
should report cases of child
abuse within 48 hours.
 Defense Mechanisms
• Alcoholism - Denial
• Depression - Introjection
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -
Undoing
• Mania - Projection
• Abusive parents – Displacement
• Schizophrenia - Regression
• The level of anxiety which increases
one’s perceptive ability is MILD.

• Headache starts at SEVERE level of

anxiety

• PTSD is also known as the

SURVIVOR’S SYNDROME

• Defined as irrational fear is PHOBIA.

• Safe distance to a patient
suffering panic is 4 feet.

• The hallmark of Generalized

Anxiety Disorder is insomnia.

• Social phobia is also known as

Social Anxiety Disorder
• An adult diagnosed with
Separation Anxiety Disorder will
have symptoms typically lasting
6 months.

• The inability to discard or give

up possessions regardless of
their actual value is known as
Hoarding Disorder.
• Excoriation disorder is also
known as dermatillomania.

• Hair pulling disorder is also

known as trichotillomania.
• The main symptoms of PTSD are
FLASHBACKS and NIGHTMARES.

• Ritualistic behaviors are commonly

seen to patients with OCD.

• The purpose of ritualistic behavior is

to DECREASE ANXIETY.
• Hypochondriasis is now known as
Illness Anxiety Disorder.

• The inability to recall extensive

information usually caused by trauma
is known as Dissociative Amnesia.
• Repetitive thoughts are known as
OBSESSION.

• Repetitive actions are known as

COMPULSION.

• The most common type of phobia is

AGORAPHOBIA.

• The lack of concern or distress over a serious

illness is known as LABELLE INDIFFERENCE.
 Panic Disorder
Exact Cause : Unknown

Progression : Sudden

Level : Panic

Length : 1 minute to 1 hour

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Exact Cause : Unknown

Progression : Gradual

Level : Moderate to panic

Length : at least 6 months

• Heller’s Syndrome is known as the
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

• The indicated diet in ADHD is

FEINGOLD.
• The drug of choice in ADHD is
Methylphenidate which is a CNS
STIMULANT.

• The focus of education to a child with

mental retardation are: READING,
ARITHMETIC and WRITING.

• The priority to all disorders diagnosed

to children is SAFETY.
The primary nursing diagnosis to a child
with autism is
IMPAIRED SOCIAL INTERACTION.

The primary nursing diagnosis to a child

with intellectual developmental disorder
SELF-CARE DEFICIT

The primary nursing diagnosis to a child

with ADHD is RISK FOR INJURY.
• The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient
with anorexia nervosa is ALTERED NUTRITION.

• The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient

with bulimia nervosa is RISK FOR ASPIRATION.

• Amenorrhea in a patient with anorexia nervosa

is caused by FAT MALNUTRITION.

• The presence of cuts and calluses on the back

of the hands of a patient with bulimia nervosa
is known as RUSSELL’S SIGN.
• The most common electrolyte
imbalance to a patient with bulimia
is HYPOKALEMIA.

• Alcohol is classified as a
DEPRESSANT.

• The ability to function without social

awareness in known as BLACKOUT.
• Alcohol withdrawal is caused by
NOREPINEPHRINE rebound.

• The drug of choice for alcohol withdrawal

is LIBRIUM.

• The drug of choice for alcohol

detoxification is DISULFIRAM.

• Antabuse therapy is a type of AVERSION

THERAPY.
• The priority during alcohol
detoxification is SAFETY.

• Also known as alcoholic dementia

is KORSAKOFF’S PSYCHOSIS.

• Wernicke’s encephalopathy is
caused by deficiency in VITAMIN
B1.
• Cocaine is classified as a STIMULANT.

• The classic sign of cocaine abuse is

PERFORATED NASAL SEPTUM.

• The classic sign of marijuana abuse is

BLOODSHOT EYES.

• GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER is also

known as transexualism.
 Sexual Disorders
Contact with animals : Zoophilia
Observing naked people : Voyeurism
Inflicting pain : Sadism
Experiencing pain : Masochism
Showing of sexual parts : Exhibitionism
Sex with children : Pedophilia
Wearing the clothing of a woman:
Transvestism
 Personality Disorders
Attention-seeker : Histrionic
Boastful : Narcissistic
“Criminal” : Antisocial
Inferiority complex : Avoidant
Intentionally inefficient: Passive-aggressive
Loner : Schizoid
Perfectionist : Obsessive-compulsive
Submissive : Dependent
Suspicious : Paranoid
Unstable : Borderline
Weird : Schizotypal
• The most common type of psychosis is
SCHIZOPHRENIA.

• The theory in schizophrenia is

elevation in the level of DOPAMINE.

• Referred to as the responding

symptoms of schizophrenia are
POSITIVE SYMPTOMS.
• The earliest notable signs of
depression are INSOMNIA and
ANOREXIA

• Under biological theory, depression is

caused by depletion of
NOREPINEPHRINE AND SEROTONIN.

• The danger of depression is SUICIDE.

• Elation of 4-6 days is known as

HYPOMANIA.
• DNOS is usually associated with hormonal
imbalance.

• Major depressive disorder may last 2

WEEKS or longer.

• The priority for both mania and depression

is SAFETY.

• The main symptom of Alzheimer’s disease

is DEMENTIA.
• The inability to recognize people or
objects is known as agnosia.

• Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: (6C)

• Clock
• Calendar
• Color
• Consistency
• Custodial care
• Cholinesterase inhibitors
• Alzheimer’s disease is allegedly
caused by depletion of
ACETYLCHOLINE.

• Priorities to a patient with

Alzheimer’s disease are SAFETY
and SECURITY.