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April 27, 2017
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April 27, 2017
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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2017

The information presented herein is based on recognized engineering principles and is for general
information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be applied to any
specific application without competent professional examination and verification by a licensed
professional engineer. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such
use.
Course Description
Secrets of the Manual
April 27, 2017
This presentation will highlight efficient ways to take advantage of the various design
aids in the AISC Steel Construction Manual (14th Edition). The speaker will walk through
the different sections of the Manual and highlight useful resources. The speaker will
then focus on shortcuts for connection design, including: stiffeners, web
yielding/crippling, welds, and more. Shortcuts for member design including composite
members will also be reviewed. Learning these shortcuts are a must for those designing
steel structures and checking designs.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Learning Objectives
• Locate important design shortcuts in the Manual

• Identify appropriate uses for eccentrically loaded bolt group
tables
• Apply table shortcuts for beam bearing and column stiffener
checks
• Design beams using composite beam tables in the Manual

Based on the 14th Edition Manual and AISC 360-10
Presented by
Carol Drucker, PE, SE
Drucker Zajdel Structural Engineers
Chicago, IL
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization- General Parts
• Part 1: Dimension and Properties d
• Part 2: General Design Considerations
Secrets of the Manual 9
Manual Organization Main Member Design

• Part 3: Flexural Members
• Part 4: Compression Members
• Part 5: Tension Members
• Part 6: Members Subject to Combined Forces
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization-Connections
• Part 7: Design of Bolts
• Part 8: Design of Welds
• Part 9: Design of Elements
• Part 10: Simple Shear Connections
• Parts 11,12: Moment Connections
• Part 13: Bracing and Truss Connections
• Part 14: Base Plates, Anchor Rods, Column Splices
• Part 15: Hanger Connections, Brackets
Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

• Part 16: Specification, Commentary, and Codes
– AISC 360-10
» Chapter A- N: Main Member, Stability, Connections, Fabrication, etc
» Appendix 1- Appendix 8: Ponding, Fatigue, Fire, Existing, Stability,
Analysis, etc
» Commentary for Chapter A-N
» Commentary for Appendix 1-8
– RCSC: Specification for Structural Joints Using

High-Strength Bolts
– AISC: 303-10: Code of Standard Practice
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

• Part 17: Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Information
– Metric Shapes
– Gage metal thickness
– Coefficient of thermal expansion
– Material Weights
– Properties of Shapes
• General Nomenclature
• Index

• Part 1: Structural Properties
– A, d, tw, bf, tf, etc
=INDEX('Database v14.0.1'!$1:$1048576,MATCH("W12x96",'Database
v14.0.1'!$C:$C,0),MATCH("bf",'Database v14.0.1'!$2:$2,0))
Link to shapes database: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 1: Structural Properties
– Angle Gage in Table 1-7A
– Welded Flat Widths HSS
g
g1
g2

• Part 2: General Design Considerations
– Bearing Connections
– Table 2-4: Preferred Material Specification- Shapes
– Table 2-6: ASTM Fasteners (Bolts, Rods)
1.5
– ASD to LRFD ã
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April 27, 2017
17
18
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April 27, 2017

• Part 3: Main Member
– Table 3-2: Selection by Zx
– Table 3-6: Maximum Total Uniform Load
– Table 3-10: Available Moment vs Unbraced Length
– Table 3-23: Beam Shear, Moment, and Deflection

• Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member
– Table 4-1: Compression of W-Sections
– Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial Compression

Double Angles
– Table 4-12: Eccentrically Loaded Single

Angles
– Table 4-22: kl/r Table
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main
Member
– Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial

Compression Double Angles
Manual Organization
• Part 4-6: Main Member
– Table 4-12: Eccentrically

Loaded Single Angles
• The effects of eccentricity can be

neglected using an effective slenderness
ratio if (Spec E5):
– Member are loaded at the ends in
compression through same on leg
– Member attached by welding or by a
minimum of two bolts
– No transfer loading
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April 27, 2017
• Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member
– Table 4-22: KL/r Table
• Table 4-22 – Use for Whitmore Check for Gussets

KL KL 12
ã
r tgusset
Bo Dowswell (2012) “Technical Note: Effective Length Factors for Gusset Plates in Chevron
Braced Frames” in AISC Engineering Journal 3rd Quarter. Free download for AISC members!
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 7: Bolts
– Table 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3: Bolt Shear and
Tension Values
– Table 7-4: Bolt Dimensions

ex
– Table 7-6: Coefficients C for Eccentrically
loaded bolt groups s
s
– Table 7-15 and 7-16: Bolt Installing s
Tolerance s

Hex Head Bolt
(ASTM A325)
TC Bolt (ASTM
F1852)
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Bolt Installation-TC Bolts
Example:
gwyinc.com

BOLT TENSION
Mc
rt ã
n 'b d m
CG (tension group) 2 rt
dm
NA
CG (compression group)
• See Manual Fig. 7-7
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
• See Manual Fig. 7-6 Case I
M ã n ( rt ) d
n i i
• See Manual Fig. 7-7 Expanded

(similar to DG4* and DG16*)
*free download for AISC members!
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 8: Welds
– Figure 8-16: Susceptible and Improved

Details
– Table 8-2: Prequalified Welds (AWS)
– Table 8-3: Electrode Strength Coefficient, C1
– Table 8-4 to Table 8-11: Coefficients C for (0.9)(80 ksi)

C ã
Eccentrically Loaded Weld Groups 1 70 ksi

• Part 8: Welds: Table 8-12
– Cost of Welds
– Fillet and Groove
Welds
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April 27, 2017

• Part 9: Connections
– Cope Beams: Single Coped and

Double Coped
– Prying Action
– Rotational Ductility
– Filler and Shims
– Table 9-4: Beam Bearing Prying

– Cope Beams: Single Coped and Double Coped
– Prying Action
Existing
– Rotational Ductility
– Filler and Shims

End Plate
WT Connection Connection
– Table 9-4: Beam Bearing
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April 27, 2017

• Part 9: Shear Rupture at Welds
– tmin to develop weld:
• Shear Rupture = Fillet Weld Strength
(0.6)( Fexx )(2)(0.707)( w)
t min ã w Manual Eq.(9 – 2)
(0.6)( Fu )
D
0.75(0.60)(70 ksi)(2)(0.707)( )
ã 16
0.75(0.6)( Fu )
2(1.392)( D )
ã
0.75(0.6)( Fu )
6.19 D
ã Manual Eq.(9 – 3) (2-Sided Connections)
Fu

– Figure 10-3: Encroachment
– Table 10-1 to Table 10-9: Connection Tables
– Figures: Skewed Plate Welds
Fig. 10-3. Fillet encroachment (riding the fillet).
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April 27, 2017
Skewed Plate Welds
Skewed Plate Welds
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April 27, 2017
Skewed Plate Welds

• PLs Over ½”
3/16” Max Gap

for Fillet Weld
45
WO S(E)
BTC-P4
WA WA
Skewed Plate Welds

• 1-Sided Welds
S (E)
CJP
45
W
CJP PJP+REINFORCING FILLET

(AWS Annex A)
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April 27, 2017
Plate Welds
• Alternate Bent Plate Detail Large
Skews
– Typically 1/2” Max Plate Thickness
– Design from Bend Line
– “Design of Skewed Connections” by

Larry Kloiber and William A. Thornton,
EJ 3rd Quarter 2001
Plate Welds
• Examples when rotational
ductility and a fillet weld size
of 5/8t is not always needed
– Bracing Connections
– Moment Connections
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April 27, 2017
Welded Angle Legs
5/8” 5/8”
5/16
43

• Part 11-Part 12: Partially Retrained and Fully
Restrained Moment Connections
– Extended End-Plate Moment Connections

• Design assumptions 1-11
– End-plate effective width = bf + 1 in.
– CJP welds are treated as PJP welds between
beam flange-to-web fillets. No weld access holes
• Also see DG4* and DG16*
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 13: Bracing
– See DG29 and Design Examples
Link to design examples: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/

• Part 14: Beam Bearing Plates, Column Base Plates, Anchor Rods, and
Column Spices
– Table 14-2: Recommended Maximum

Sizes for Anchor-Rod Holes in
Base Plates (also see DG1*)
– Tables 14-3: Cases I-XII
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 15: Hanger Connections, Bracket Plates, and Crane Rail
Connections
– Figure 15-2: Bracket Plates

– Table 15-3: Znet plates
– Table 15-4 to 15-6:

Clevis, Pins, and Turnbuckles

• Part 15: Brackets Cont.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 15: Clevises and Pins
– For design: Specification Section D5 and J7
– Example: clevelandcityforge.com

• Part 16: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (360-10),
– User Notes
– Commentary
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 16: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (360-10),

• RCSC
– Masking Requirements: Fig C-3.1
– Section 4:PT and SC Joint

Applications
– Section 6: Washer Requirements
– Section 8: Bolt Installation Methods
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Part 16: Code of Standard Practice
– Section 3.1.2: Delegate Design

• Fabricator shall submit representative samples
of connections
• Shop and Erection drawing review
– Section 6.4 Fabrication Tolerance
– Section 10: AESS Steel
Connection Details for Delegated Design

7/8"Ø A325-N BOLTS, STD HOLES, U.N.O. GRADE 50 PLATE AISC 360-10, LRFD TYPE A2
• Show all information to allow for
1-3/4"
checking 7-1/4"
MAX
3" 3" TYP
• Member forces and sizes 7/16

7/16
W14x22
V = 35 KIPS
(LOAD GIVEN
IN RFI 52R)
• Slopes 1-3/4"
TYP SHAPED PL5/8 w/
SSL HOLES
• ASD or LRFD with Specification Edition

W27x84
• Plate thickness, edge distances, etc A2-17

EXTENDED SHEAR PLATE CONNECTIONS AT
SLAB ELEVATION CHANGE, S11-02C
NOTES
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Efficient Use of Tables

Pu = 200 k
Bearing Example
• Given:
– AISC Specification 360-10
– AISC 14th Edition, LRFD
– W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
– 1” cap plate, Grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi e=24”
– 7/8” dia. A325-N, STD holes, rv=24.3 kip
– Load Pu = 200 kips
– d e d/2
W36x135 BEAM

• Web Local Yielding 1.00
– AISC Specification Eq. J10-3

Rn ã Fywt w 2.5k õ lb
Determine lb
24”
W36x135 BEAM
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Length of bearing
lb ã t wc õ 5t pl
ã 0.440in. õ 5 1.00in.
ã 5.44in.
24”
t pl
1 lb W36x135 BEAM
2.5

lb ã 5.44in.
Rn Fywt w 2.5k lb
ã 1.00 50 ksi 0.600in. 2.5 1.54in. õ 5.44in.
279 kips Pu 200 kips o.k.
24”
W36x135 BEAM
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Web Local Crippling 0.75

lb ã 5.44in.
1.5
2 l tw EFywt f
Rn 0.80t w 1 3 b
d tf tw
1.5
2 5.44in. 0.600in. 29000 ksi 50 ksi 0.790in.
ã 0.75(0.80) 0.600 in. 1õ 3
35.6in. 0.790in. 0.600in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

lb ã 5.44in.
– AISC 14th Edition Eq. 9-45a
Rn R1 lb R2
kips
ã 116 kips õ 5.44in. 30.0
in.

lb ã 5.44in.
Rn 2 R3 lb R4
kips
ã 2 149 kips õ 5.44in. 8.32
in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Column Stiffener Checks
• Given:
– W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
– 3/4”x9” flange plates, grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi
– Load Mu = 300 kips-ft
W24x55 BEAM

• Flange Force
Mu
Pfl ã
d
300 kips-ft
ã
23.6in.
ã 153kips
W24x55 BEAM
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Rn Fywtw 5kdes t pl
ã 1.00 50 ksi 0.440in. 5 1.31in. õ 0.75in.
161 kips Pfl 153kips o.k.
W24x55 BEAM

1.5
2
t pl tw EFywt f
Rn 0.80t w 1 3
d tf tw
1.5
2 0.75in. 0.440in. 29000 ksi 50 ksi 0.710in.
ã 0.75(0.80) 0.440in. 1õ 3
14in. 0.710in. 0.440 in.
192 kips Pu 153kips o.k.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Web Compression Buckling 0.9
24t w3 EFyw
Rn
h
3
24 0.440 in. 29000 ksi 50 ksi
ã (0.9)
14in. – 2 1.31in.
194 kips Pfl 153kips o.k.
W24x55 BEAM W24x55 BEAM

• Flange Local Bending 0.9
Rn 6.25 Fyf t 2f
2
ã 0.9 6.25 50 ksi 0.710 in.
142 kips Pfl 153 kips n.g.
Stiffeners are needed
See Blodgett 5.7-8
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Rn Pwo Pwi lb
kips
ã 144 kips õ 22.0 0.75in.
in.
161kips Pfl 153kips o.k.

Rn 2 R3 lb R4
kips
ã 2 88.8 kips õ 0.75in. 9.29
in.
192 kips Pu 153kips o.k.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Web Compression Buckling 0.9
Rn Pwb
194 kips Pfl 153 kips o.k.

• Flange Local Bending 0.9
Rn ã Pfb
142 kips Pfl 153 kips n.g.
Stiffeners are needed
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Polling Question
Understanding Tables
Determine End Reaction from UDL
w
• Given:
– AISC 14th Edition, LRFD l
– W14x22 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
– L= 20 ft V+
– End Reaction = 50% UDL
M
+
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
• Shear Based on Flexural Yielding Strength 0.9
– AISC Specification Eq. F2-1
M n ã Fy Z x
ã 0.9 50 ksi 33.2 in.3
ã 1494 kip-in (1 ft/12 in.)
ã 125 kip-ft
M n (8)
wl flexure ã
l w(l ) 2
M max ã
125 kip-ft 8 8
=
(20 ft)
ã 49.8 kips
• Shear Based on Shear Strength ã1
– AISC Specification Eq. G2-1
Vn ã (0.6)( Fy )( Aw )(Cv )
ã 1 0.6 50 ksi 13.7 in. 0.23 in. (1)
ã 94.5 kips w (l )
Vmax ã
2
wlshear ã Vn (2)
ã 94.5 kips 2
ã 189 kips
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
• Determine End Reaction Based on
Percent UDL
(%UDL) wl shear
Vu ã min(( wl flexure ) , ) wl= 49.8
100% 2
(50%) 189 kips
ã min(49.8 kip , )
100% 2
ã min(24.9 kip, 94.5 kip)
ã 24.9 kip
Vu Vu
• UDL Cautions:
– For 100% composite, Mn 297 kip-ft.
This gives:
M n (8)
Vu ã
l (2)
297 kip-ft 8
ã
20 ft (2)
59.4 kips 119% UDL
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
• UDL Cautions:
– For Point Loads
Vu _ max ã (0.6)( Fy )( Aw )(Cv )

ã 1 0.6 50 ksi 13.7 in. 0.23 in. (1)
94.5 kips 190% UDL
• Working backwards: DOUBLE ANGLES
– Given: Connection strength, Find: Vn _ connection
Minimum beam length, lmin
M n (8)(%UDL)
lmin_ flexure ã
100%( Vn _ connection )
Lweb
M n (8)
lmin_ shear ã BEAM
Vn (2)
lmin ã max(lmin_ flexure , lmin_ shear )

UNCOPED
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
• Working backwards:
– Given: Connection strength, Vn _ connection ã 71 kip
– Find: Minimum beam length, lmin
M n (8)(%UDL) (125 kip-ft)(8)(50%)

lmin_ flexure ã ã ã 7.04 ft
100%( Vn _ connection ) 100%(71 kip)
Vu= 142k/2=71k
M n (8) (125 kip-ft)(8)
lmin_ shear ã ã ã 5.29 ft
Vn (2) (94.5 kip)(2)
lmin ã max(lmin_ flexure , lmin_ shear ) ã 7.04 ft
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method
Spandrel example
• Given:
– W Shapes ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi W14x48 BEAM
– 3/8” plates, grade 50, Fy = 50 ksi
– Bolt spacing: 3” vertical, 3” horizontal
– Load: Façade moment Mf = 100 kip-in
W24x55 BEAM

3 in.
6
2
Ix ã xi2 ã 6 1.5 in. x1
i ã1
ã 13.5 in 2 3 in. y1
6
2 2
Iy ã y ã 4 3in.
i
i ã1
ã 36 in 2
W14x48 BEAM
I p ã Ix õ I y 3 in.
ã 49.5 in 2
W24x55 BEAM
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

M f max yi 100 kip-in. 1.5in.
Ry
i ã1..6
Rx ã ã Rx Rx
Ip 49.5in.2
ã 3.03kip Ry
M f max xi 100 kip-in. 3.0in. Ry

i ã1..6
Ry ã ã
Ip 49.5in.2
ã 6.06 kip
Ry W14x48 BEAM
2 2 2 2 Ry
Rã R õR ãx y 3.03kip õ 6.06 kip
Rx Rx
ã 6.78 kip
Ry
W24x55 BEAM

( rnv ) 24.3 kips
M max_1 ã M f ã 100 kip-in
R 6.78 kips
ã 360 kips-in.
Use the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method

with C'
C ' ã 15.8 (From Table 7-7)
M max_ 2 C '( rnv ) 15.8in. 24.3 kips
ã 384 kip-in.
Mf 100 kip-in.
ã ã 14.8 in. C' 15.8 in
R 6.78in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
0.55
10 li max
–
lmax
C'ã li 1 – e , in. Manual Eq. (7-21)

• Façade and Gravity
Moments Should Act
Opposite Mg
Mf Mf Vg Vg
FACADE GRAVITY
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Vg Vg
Mg Mg
Vg
Mf Mf Vg
+ =
e
e’=e + Mf / Vg
FACADE GRAVITY TOTAL
NON EXTENDED SPANDREL CONNECTIONS
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Pick a clevis: 2” rod, Fy = 36 ksi, full strength
2 2
d rod 2 in.
Arod ã ã
4 4
ã 3.14 in.2
Tmax Arod Fy _ rod 0.9 3.14 in.2 36 ksi
ã 102 kips
Select Clevis Number 6,
Design strength = 135 kips 102 kips
Secrets of Manual
• Check Double-Angle Tolerance using Fig 10-3 W24x62
tw = 7/16”
W8x28,
T= 6-1/8”
2L3x3x3/8” kdet = 15/16”
tf =7/16”
15 7 1
Fig. 10-3. Fillet encroachment (riding the fillet).
kdet – t f ã in. – in.= in.
16 16 2
3
Encr . ã in.
16
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
Secrets of Manual
• Check Double-Angle Tolerance using Fig 10-3 W24x62
tw = 7/16”
W8x28,
T= 6-1/8”
1 3 1 2L3x3x3/8” kdet = 15/16”
Wmax ã T õ (2) Encr. ã 6 in.+(2) in. ã 6 in.
8 16 2 tf =7/16”
7 7
W ã t w õ (2) bangle ã in. õ (2) 3 in. ã 6 in.
16 16
W Wmax o.k.

Determine Strength of Column at Grid B/1
A B C A B C A B C
3
2nd Floor, TOS=10’-0” 3rd Floor, TOS=25’-0” Roof, TOS=40’-0
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
1
Determine Strength of Column at Grid B/1
• Given:
– W14x90 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
rx = 6.14 in.
ry = 3.70 in.
– Lx = 30 ft, Ly = 15 ft
– K =1.0
1
• Determine Unbraced Length
– Since unbraced length differs in the two axes, select
member based on y-y axis then check equivalent y-y axis
length for x-x axis.
KLx KLy
ã
rx ry
KLx rx
ã
KLy ry
KLx
KLy _ EQ ã
rx
ry
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017
1
• Determine Unbraced Length
rx 6.14 in.
ã ã 1.66 (See Table T4-1a)
ry 3.70 in.
KLx 30.0 ft
KLy _ EQ ã ã ã 18.1 ft (Controls)
rx 1.66
ry
KLy ã 15.0 ft

• Determine Strength
– Using KLy_EQ = 18.1 ft and interpolation:
Pn ã 926 kips
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Check Using Specification
KLx 1(30.0 ft)(12 in./ft)

ã ã 58.6 (Controls)
rx 6.14 in.
KLy 1(15 ft)(12 in./ft)

ã ã 48.6
ry 3.7 in.
E 29,000 ksi
4.71 ã 4.71 ã113
Fy 50 ksi

• Check Using Specification
2 2
E (29,000 ksi)
Fe ã 2
ã 2
ã 83.3 (E3-4)
kL 58.6
r
Fy 50 ksi
83.3 ksi
Fcr ã 0.658 Fe Fy ã 0.658 50 ksi=38.9 ksi (E3-2)
Fcr ã (0.9)38.9 ksi = 35.0 ksi
Pn 0.9 Fcr Ag (35.0 ksi) (26.5 in.2 ) = 927 kips 926 kips o.k.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Strength of Beam Between Grids A/2 to B/2
A B C
• Given: 1

– W18x35 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi
– L= 30 ft
2
– Braced points only at beam-to-girder connections
– Equally spaced bays
– Cb = 1.0, conservative

• From Table 3-2
Lp = 4.31 ft
Lr = 12.3 ft
y – y0 y1 – y0
ã
x – x0 x1 – x0
x – x0
Solving for y : y ã y0 õ y1 – y0
x1 – x0
L – Lp
M nx M px M rx M px
Lr – Lp
10 ft – 4.31 ft
ã 249 kip-ft õ 151 kip-ft – 249 kip-ft ã 179 kip-ft
12.3 ft – 4.31 ft
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Check if Compact for Flexure

• From Manual Table 3-2, Cb = 1 (See Table 3-1 for other Cb)
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• From Specification:

• Deflection
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017


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April 27, 2017

• Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Galambos

• Manual Fig 3-1 (also see Commentary Figure C-F1.2)
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Determine Strength of Composite Beam (shown)
• Given:
– AISC Specification 360-10 & AISC 14th Edition, LRFD
– W16x26 ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, L = 30 ft
– 3” NLWT concrete (f’c = 4 ksi) on 3” metal deck
– ¾” dia. stud

• Determine Effective Width of Concrete Slab (Specification I3.1a)
Each side of beam centerline, minimum of: beff
Lb 30 ft 12 in/ft
1) 1/8 of span = ã ã 45 in., controls
8 8
b 1 30 ft 12 in/ft
2) 1/2 c.c. beam spacing = o ã ã 60 in.
2 2 3 spaces
3) distance to edge of slab = N/A
For this example, beff =(2 sides of beam centerline)(45 in) = 90 in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Load Transfer Between Steel Beam and Concrete Slab (Specification I3.2d(1),
Positive Flexural Strength where concrete slab is in compression)
(a) Concrete crushing (concrete fully in compression)
V 'c ã 0.85 f 'c Ac ã 0.85(4 ksi)(3 in)(90 in.) = 918 kips
( Note : only concrete above deck considered.)
(b) Tensile yielding of steel section (steel fully in tension)
V 's ã As Fy ã (50 ksi)(7.68 in 2 ) 384 kips < V 'c PNA in concrete
(c) Shear strength of steel studs
V 'q ã Qn ã min(V 'c , V 's ) for 100% composite

• Stud Strength (Specification Eq. I8-1)
Qn 0.5 Asa f 'c Ec Rg R p Asa Fu
Asa ã area of stud, in 2
Ec ã concrete modulus of elasticity = wc1.5 f 'c , ksi
Fu ã specified minimum tensile strength of stud = 65 ksi
1.5
Qn ã 0.5 0.4418 in 2 (4 ksi) 145 pcf 4 ksi
ã 26.1 kips/stud
Rg Rp Asa Fu ã 1.0(0.6)(0.4418 in 2 )(65 ksi)

= 17.2 kips/stud, controls
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Use Table 3-21 for Stud Strength
Deck
Perpendicular
Weak Studs
per rib
(Rp = 0.60)

• Determine Number of Studs
For 100% composite, studs required between points of maximum and zero
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q ã min(V 'c , V 's ) 384 kips
# of studs 22.3 46 studs for beam total length
Qn 17.2 kips/stud
However, for 46 studs, there will be (2) studs per rib. For (2) studs per rib,
Rg ã0.85 Qn ã14.6 kips/stud
bending moment (half span of beam):
V 'q ã min(V 'c , V 's ) 384 kips
Qn 14.6 kips/stud
*See Design Example I.1 on page I-15 for more information
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April 27, 2017

• Determine 100% Composite Strength
Qn 384 kips
aã ã ã 1.25 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in.
Y2 = Distance top of
1.25 in. steel to beam to center
Y 2 ã 3 in. conc. õ 3 in. deck – ã 5.38 in. line of the concrete
2 flange force
- Sum moments about a/2:

dbm 384 kips 15.7 in.
b Mn As Fy Y 2 0.9 5.38 in. 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2
a/2
Efficient Use of Tables a
Ycon Y2
1
• For Use with Table 3-19 (see also Figure 3-3 in Manual) Y1
Y1 = distance from top of steel flange to any of the PNA locations listed 5
PNA locations:
TFL = Top of Flange (beam top flange), also 1
BFL = Bottom of Flange (beam top flange), also 5
2,3,4 = 4 equal spaces within flange
Qn at BFL õ Qn at 7
6ã
2
7 ã 0.25 Fy As
a Qn
Y 2 ã Ycon – aã
2 0.85 f 'c beff
and Ycon = top of steel to top of concrete
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Table 3-19
From above,
V 'c ã 918 kips
V 's ã 384 kips
Enter Table with PNA at TFL and

Qn 384 kips
Qn ã 384 kips (100% composite) aã ã ã 1.25 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in.
1.25 in.
Y 2 ã 3 in. conc. õ 3 in. deck – ã 5.38 in.
2

• Moment Capacity based on Table 3-19 (100% composite)
5.5 in. – 5.38 in.

b Mn 384 kft 384 kft 370 kft 381 kip-ft
5.5 in. – 5 in.
• Compare to
dbm 384 kips 15.7 in.
b Mn As Fy Y 2 0.9 5.38 in. 381 kip-ft
2 12 in./ft 2
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Qn _ 63% ã 0.63 384 kips ã 242 kips
Qn _ 63% 242 kips 0.791 in.

aã ã ã 0.791 in. Y 2 ã 6 in. – ã 5.60 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85 4 ksi 90 in. 2

• Using Table 3-19 for 63% composite
For 63% composite, enter Table with
Qn _ 63% ã 0.63 384 kips ã 242 kips
Note : PNA at 4.
6 in. – 5.6 in.

b M n _ 63% 333 kft 333 kft 324 kft ã 326 kip-ft
6 in. – 5.5 in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite
From AISC Commentary Section C-I3.2a and Equation C-I3-10,
For partial composite

Sum Fx = 0 action, there is a neutral
C+ Asc Fy = Py - Asc Fy axis in the concrete and
a neutral axis in the
Asc Fy = (Py –C)/(2) steel.
Sum moments about

Cs/2
M n ã C (d1 õ d 2 ) õ Py (d 3 – d 2 ) AISC Commentary Eq. C-I3-10

• Determine Moment Capacity using 63% Composite (cont’d)
where:
Cã Qn
Py ã As Fy
d1 ã distance from centroid of compression force, C , in concrete
to top of steel, in.
d 2 ã distance from centroid of the compression force in steel section
to top of steel section, in. (d 2 ã 0 for no compression in steel)
d3 ã distance from Py to top of steel section, in.
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

Py ã 384 kips C63% ã Qn _ 63% ã 0.63(384 kips) ã 242 kips
C63% 242 kips

aã ã ã 0.791 in.
0.85 f 'c beff 0.85(4 ksi)(90 in.)
a 0.791 in. dbm 15.7 in.

d1 ã tslab – ã 6 in. – ã 5.60 in. d3 ã ã ã 7.85 in.
2 2 2 2
x 1 As Fy – C63% 1 384 kips – 242 kips

d2 ã ã ã ã 0.129 in.
2 2 2 b f Fy 2 2 (5.50 in.)(50 ksi)

M n _ 63% ã C63% (d1 õ d 2 ) õ Py (d3 – d 2 )

ã 242 kips 5.60 in. õ 0.129 in. õ 384 kips 7.85 in. – 0.129 in.
ã 4351 k-in.
0.9 4351 kip-in

M n _ 63% 326 kip-ft
12
Copyright © 2017
April 27, 2017

• Determine Number of Studs
For 63% composite,
0.63 384 kips
17.2 kips/stud
Note : Portion of steel beam will be compression.
Summary
• Be familiar with the information contained in the Manual
• Use the Database when possible
• Read descriptions of the tables
• Include all design information on details to facilitate review and checking
• Manual can facilitate efficient design.
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April 27, 2017
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AISC Live Webinar Secrets of the Manual

April 27, 2017

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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2017

• Locate important design shortcuts in the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

Manual Organization- General Parts

• Part 1: Dimension and Properties d

• Part 2: General Design Considerations

Secrets of the Manual 9

Manual Organization Main Member Design

• Part 4: Compression Members

• Part 5: Tension Members

• Part 6: Members Subject to Combined Forces

Secrets of the Manual 10

Secrets of the Manual 11

Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

– RCSC: Specification for Structural Joints Using

– AISC: 303-10: Code of Standard Practice

Secrets of the Manual 12

Manual Organization-Main Member/Connections

Secrets of the Manual 13

Secrets of the Manual

Link to shapes database: www.aisc.org/publications/steel-construction-manual-resources/

Secrets of the Manual 14

Secrets of the Manual

Secrets of the Manual 15

Secrets of the Manual

– Table 2-4: Preferred Material Specification- Shapes

– Table 2-6: ASTM Fasteners (Bolts, Rods)

Secrets of the Manual 16

Secrets of the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

Secrets of the Manual

– Table 3-2: Selection by Zx

– Table 3-6: Maximum Total Uniform Load

– Table 3-10: Available Moment vs Unbraced Length

– Table 3-23: Beam Shear, Moment, and Deflection

Secrets of the Manual 19

Secrets of the Manual

– Table 4-1: Compression of W-Sections

– Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial Compression

– Table 4-12: Eccentrically Loaded Single

– Table 4-22: kl/r Table

Secrets of the Manual 20

Secrets of the Manual

– Table 4-8 to 4-10: Axial

Secrets of the Manual 21

– Table 4-12: Eccentrically

• The effects of eccentricity can be

Secrets of the Manual 22

Secrets of the Manual

• Part 4, Part 5, Part 6: Main Member

– Table 4-22: KL/r Table

Theres always a solution in Steel