SPC – Control Charts

CONTROL CHART TYPE

# OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY: OBSER. X R s = R
X, X CHART
. . . .. . d2
(n)
UCLX = X + A2 R A2 D4 d2
. .
. . . . . .
. åX
X= k IMR
n=2
2.66
1.880
3.268
3.268
1.128
1.128
n=3 1.023 2.574 1.693
LCLX = X - A2 R n=4 0.729 2.282 2.059
VARIATION:
n=5 0.577 2.114 2.326
. .. . . . UCL = D
MR, R CHART
R 4 R
. . .. . ANY
SAMPLE s =
s1 A: AVERAGES
. . . . R = Rk å
SIZ E
A SQRn
I: INDIVIDUALS
SQR: SQUARE ROOT

SPECIAL CAUSES EXIST WHEN:

• RUN - 7 PTS ONE SIDE OF THE CTR LINE • POINT OUTSIDE CONTROL LIMITS
• TREND - 6 SUCCESSIV E INC OR DEC PTS • TWO POINTS IN A ROW NEAR LIMITS
• CYCLES • PATTERNS • STRATIFICATION • HUGGING • MEAN SHIFTS >1s
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