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MILLENNIAL PREFERENCES TOWARD

TREATING MINOR DISEASES

A Research Paper

Presented to
the Faculty of Laboratory Schools
Senior High School
In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirements in the Subject
Practical Research 1

Aidam Paul Apilado


Trisha Angelica Rin
Ma. Angelyn Sesuca
Jovy Ann Lyka Vicerra

Science, Techonology, Engineering and Mathematics

2019
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CERTIFICATION

This research entitled, “Millennial Preferences towards Treating Minor

Diseases,” prepared and submitted by Aidam Paul Apilado, Trisha Angelika Rin,

Ma. Angelyn Sesuca and Jovy Ann Lyka Vicerra in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for Practical Research I, has been examined and is hereby

recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.

JENNIELOU G. PIGAO, MAT ENG

Critic

DIGNA A. JACOB, MAME

Adviser
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APPROVAL SHEET

Approved by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a grade of

__________.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMNT
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DEDICATION
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES

Title Page

Certification

Approval Sheet

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Abstract

Table Of Contents

CHAPTER I- THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

Theoretical Framework

Operational Definition of Terms

Assumptions

Methodology

Research Design

Population

Data Gathering Instruments

Data Gathering Procedures


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CHAPTER II - PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

On History of Treating Diseases

On Importance of Treating Diseases

On Guidance of Doctors in Treating Diseases

Impact of Treating Diseases to a Person

CHAPTER III – SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Findings

Conclusions

Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur


Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Filipinos have different ways in treating minor diseases, some consult to the

doctor, some medicate themselves, others go to a person who is believed to have the

power of treating diseases, some does not medicate themselves they just wait for it to

be cured itself and many more.

This study focuses on millennials’ preferences in treating minor diseases. Are

they consulting a doctor? Or maybe self-medicating? Are they using drugs? Do they

prefer herbal rather than drugs?

Generally, millennials are those who were born in the year 1981 to 1996, so

many young adults nowadays would define themselves as millennials.

The generation was severely impacted by recession, as it caused record

unemployment, affecting young people joining the workplace, as well as a period of

economic instability.

When it comes to information, millennials generally expects ease and

accessibility. They value clear comparisons among health plans. Also known as

Generation Y, Millennials are often emotionally driven. They use personal

relationships to determine brand loyalty. A negative experience is likely to inspire a

switch to a new provider or carrier.

Millennials nowadays have their own way towards treating minor diseases, for

they are in between oldies and youngsters.


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Some minor diseases that most millennials have experienced are as follows:

Asthma, back pain, bacterial vaginosis, cold or flu, coughs, cystitis in women,

eczema, foot pain, hand pain , hay fever, headache, heartburn, hip pain, knee pain,

rectal bleeding, shoulder pain, sinusitis, sore throat, thrush.

These are only some of the minor diseases that millennials mostly suffer.

Thus, this study is to know the alternative ways of millennials in treating minor

diseases. It is very important to know in order for us to understand the millennials

better and for us to gain more knowledge about treating minor diseases.

Self-care is perfect if your condition is something you will be able to treat at home,

such as coughs, colds and common childhood illnesses. For some illnesses, home is

the best place for you.

A big part of your recovery from these minor illnesses is to rest and drink

plenty of fluid. You can plan ahead by stocking up on healthcare essentials you might

need, like paracetamol – ask your pharmacist for advice on stocking your home

medicines cabinet.

If you are ill and don't have these in your house, ask a friend, family member

to get them on your behalf.

All pharmacists can recognize many common health complaints. They can

give advice or, where appropriate, medicines that will help to clear up the problem.
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If your problem is more serious and needs the attention of a GP, your pharmacist can

advise you.

Keeping a well-stocked medicine cabinet at home can help you treat many

minor ailments. Colds, coughs, indigestion and many other minor complaints can all

be treated with medicines that are available over the counter.

Your pharmacist can advise on what you might find useful to keep in your

medicine cabinet. Always follow the instructions on the medicine label and consult

your doctor if the illness continues or becomes more severe.

This topic is very helpful, not just for the researches but also to everyone for

this will help a lot, especially in treating minor diseases.

The millennials served as the motivation of this study for it is believed that

millennials nowadays have much learning compared to post-millennials. And by this

the millennials would also be benefited at the same time for they will gain more

knowledge and have a deeper understanding towards treating minor diseas es like

those diseases that are abovementioned.

The main objective of this study is to learn in coping up what are the

preferences of millennials in treating minor diseases. It is believed that this study will

be helpful to everyone and it will serve as a new basis and guide for their own

benefits especially in treating minor diseases.

Through the help pf this study, it is hoped that it will have a great impact to

the society and will help not only the millennials but everyone regarding this matter.
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Personally, we do all have our own preference in treating minor diseases, what

only matters is that, we are responsible in our actions.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify the millennials preferences toward treating minor

diseases, particularly the millennials from Caoayan, Ilocos Sur.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the minor diseases that the participant has already experienced?

2. How did the participant treat those minor diseases that he/she experienced?

3.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following preferences:

a. Herbals?

b. Drugs?

Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find the preferences towards treating minor

Results of this investigation could be significant and beneficial to the following:

Students. This research is important to the students. It is hoped that this study will

enhance the knowledge of students about the preferences of millennials toward

treating minor diseases. The results will provide the students’ knowledge of the

possible results in treating minor diseases.


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Teachers. The result of the study may motivate, constantly look for more

knowledge about the preferences of millennials toward treating minor diseases.

Through this research, it could guide the teachers on educating students in treating

minor diseases.

Administrators. This research can serve as an eye opener to the administrators

that there are good and bad side about the preferences of millennials toward treating

minor diseases. They will be gaining insights as to what measures are appropriate to

help the teachers orient students regarding the treatment of minor diseases.

Researchers. The result of the study may serve as baseline for future researchers

who are in pursuit of conducting similar researches.

Scope and Delimitations

The municipality of Caoayan is one of the municipalities of Ilocos Sur uses

different medicines to cure their minor diseases. According to some people who lives

there, they are allow to buy a medicines in a sari-sari store or in a botika ng barangay

for them to treat their minor diseases and for them not to go the hospital. In this case

the researchers are aware about what’s going on or the situation in this municipality.

The study is delimited to Caoayan resident who are using different medicine

for treating their minor diseases. The primary data gathering instruments used was the

interview to determine their experiences and interaction of the respondents in this

study.
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Caoayan

Figure 1: Map of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur

The purpose of this study is determine if it is okay for the people of Caoayan

to take different medicine to cure their diseases without the consent of the doctors.

And also, to know the thoughts of the people about this kind of medication. And lastly

to know the right things to do, in order to have a safer life and longer life.

This research is administered under the Senior High School Program of the

University of Northern Philippines, second semester specifically for the months

January to May, school year 2018-2019.

Theoretical Framework

In this section, the review of related literature and studies relevant to the

current research study is presented, wherein the variables tackle about the millennials.

Books, educational magazines, periodicals, internet information, published and


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unpublished materials were considered to provide a deeper understanding and better

comprehension of the topics. The section contains the following areas related to this

study:

1. The millennials

2. Pros & Cons of Alternative Medicine

3. Pros & Cons of Modern Medicine

4. Pros & Cons of Traditional Medicine

5. Herbal Remedies versus Modern Medicine

6. Preferences for self-care or professional advice for minor illness: a discrete

choice experiment

This study aimed to describe and explain the socio-economic impacts of the

millennials preferences towards treating minor diseases. Since their preference have

helped the millennials grew up into a person now with a lot of learnings from the past

it is recommended to study this case to have a better insights toward the lives of

millennials and also for the benefits of everyone as they learn new preferences.

The millennials

According to Investopedia.com written by Kurt Daniel(2018)

the Millennials are the generation born between 1981 and 1996, as recently

crystallized by the Pew Research Center. Companies today are learning that if they

want to sales to soar, they’d better pay attention to them. What’s at stake? Consider

that Millennials, sometimes referred to as Generation Y, make up more than a quarter

of the population. That amounts to some serious purchasing power.


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The U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation estimates that they already spend about

$200 billion a year on goods and services.

As a result, the role of marketers is beginning to change. Rather than

shaping opinions directly, they’re acting as facilitators of a conversation. Take online

retailer ModCloth, which prominently features user reviews for the items on its

website. Sometimes that means publishing some not-so-complimentary reactions as

well. But in the minds of younger, more cynical consumers, doing so helps establish

ModCloth's credibility.

Community Outreach

Because of Millennials' affinity for social media, some companies are also

seeing an opportunity to build a deeper, two-way relationship with their clientele. For

example, after Coca-Cola Co.’s rolled out its personalized-name soda cans last year, it

invited customers to share their own photos and comments using the hashtag

#shareacoke on Twitter.

Going Mobile

While smartphones are now common across all age groups, their biggest users

belong to Gen Y. A 2014 Nielsen survey found that more than 85% of Americans

aged 18-34 own at least one.

Greater Diversity

Here’s another point that companies ignore at their peril: Millennials are

perhaps the most diverse generation in American history. According to the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce Foundation, the number of people aged 18-29 who classify
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themselves as “non-Hispanic white” is just 60%. Among survey respondents who are

30 or older, that number is about 70%.

The Bottom Line

With more than 80 million members, the millennial generation represents a

key consumer segment. As a result, companies are busy figuring out how to appeal to

this highly diverse, tech-savvy age group. There's lots of incentive to earn the trust of

millennial consumers now: As they mature and their careers advance, their influence

and purchasing power will only increase

Thus, millennials are now growing into a larger community with many

experiences all throughout their lives.

According to Kevin Berube (2015) millennials are better educated than prior

generations.

The researchers agree with this because young adults are much better educated

than their grandparents, as the share of young adults with a bachelor’s degree or

higher have steadily climbed since 1968. Among Millennials, around four-in-ten

(39%) of those ages 25 to 37 have a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with just

15% of the Silent Generation, roughly a quarter of Baby Boomers and about three-in-

ten Gen Xers (29%) when they were the same age.

Here are some of the characteristics of millennials that were listed in

luckyattititude.co.uk by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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1. Millennials are Technologically Savvy

Thus, millennials have more positive attitudes about technology than other

generations–we are the most likely to say that technology makes life easy rather than

harder, are the most likely to say technology brings people closer together than drives

them further apart, and are the most likely to say that technology allows people to use

their time more efficiently.

2. Millennials are Civic-Oriented

Thus, Millennial generation have a strong sense of community both on local and

global scale. Compared to previous generation, Millennials focus on larger societal

needs rather than individual needs.

3. Millennials are Conscious

When it comes to health, social, economical and environmental issues, Millennials

are the most conscious generation to date.

4. Millennials are Global Citizens

The majority of Millennials see themselves as global citizens, who have a

responsibility to make the world better. They are less patriotic and more globally

minded which enables them to contribute to the general welfare of society.


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5. Millennials are Entrepreneurial

Millennials have disregarded the life and career path that was so formally laid out

by the Baby Boomers and eager to make their own pathways as they see chaos,

distrust of corporations, redundancy and other bad news associated with businesses.

6. Millennials are Flexible

Millennials value flexible working arrangements and freedom over the stable 9 to-

5.

They want to work from remote locations with non-traditional hours.

7. Millennials are Pragmatic Idealists

For a long time pragmatic and idealist were seen as opposites. Now Millennials

are saying “We want to change the world and we know it’s not going to be easy, but

we going to have a plan to get there.”

8. Millennials are Authentic

Millennials want to be real. They want to stay true to who they are their values

and individuality. They want their employers to respect their individual differences

and embrace the potential that these unique qualities can bring.
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9. Millennials are Transparent

Millennials want to have an open and honest relationship with their manager and

co-workers.

Transparency in the workplace, means sharing truths about the company,

providing an honest feedback on performance, and encouraging two-way

communication.

10. Millennials are Frugal

Conscious of unemployment, stagnant wages and lack of stable jobs, Millennials

try to live within their means, save for emergency and not buy things they don’t need.

11. Millennials are Liberal

According to The Economist, surveys of political attitudes among Millennials in

the UK suggest increasingly liberal attitudes with regard to social and cultural issues,

as well as higher overall support for classical liberal economic policies than preceding

generations.

12. Millennials are Compassionate

Millennials volunteer mainly because we want to help people. We want to be a

part of changing and improving lives and we have quite a bit of disdain for

selfishness.
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13. Millennials are Progressive

Millennials don’t just accept the status quo and they will challenge the system if

there’s something we could improve on.

14. Millennials are Confident

PwC Millennial survey (2015) revealed that British female Millennials are the

most confident and ambitious of any female generation. 49% of them starting their

careers believe they can reach the very top levels with their current employer. And

according to a November, 2008 Pepsi Refresh Optimism report found that 81% of

Millennials chose the word “hopeful” to describe their feelings about the future, 65%

chose “optimistic” and 57% chose the words “confident” and “excited”. Millennials

have been raised to believe that we can accomplish anything. Our parents, teachers,

coaches and all adults who have been a part of our lives, have drilled it into our heads

that “if you believe you can achieve it, you probably can.”

15. Millennials are Diverse

Millennials are America’s most ethnically and racially diverse cohort ever.

Among Millennials ages 13 to 29: 18.5% are Hispanic; 14.2% are Black; 4.3% are

Asian; 3.2% are Mixed Race or other; and 59.8%, are Caucasian (Keeter, 2010).

Millennials view diversity as a way to create unity in a country as opposed to

using so-called “identity politics” to divide the country.


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16. Millennials are Practical and Results-Oriented

Millennials are interested in processes and services that work and speed their

interactions.

17. Millennials are Team-Oriented

Millennials seem to be more people-oriented in their working style, establishing

close relationships at the workplace.

18. Millennials are Multi-taskers

Millennials excel at juggling several tasks at once since this an efficient and

practical use of their time.

19. Millennials are Impatient

Millennials are impatient about becoming recognized as valuable contributors

(Gursoy et al. 2008; Pew Research Center 2007). They view time as a valuable

resource that should not be wasted (Deloitte 2009).

20. Millennials are Adventurous

Millennials are looking for adventures.

Thus, millennials have truly a mixture of positive and negative sides.


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Pros & Cons of Alternative Medicine

Alternative Medicine

What is it? According to Krystina Ostermeyer (2018) alternative medicine is a

treatment that is used in place of a conventional medical treatment. For example, if

your physician prescribed you a blood pressure medication and you opted instead to

overhaul your diet completely in hopes of reducing your blood pressure, this could be

an example of an alternative medicine.

To some however, such as Steven Salzberg, a prominent biology researcher at

the University of Maryland at College Park, alternative medicine is merely “cleverly

marketed, dangerous quackery.” He asserted that, “these clinics throw together a little

homeopathy, a little meditation, a little voodoo, and then they add in a little accepted

medicine and call it integrative medicine, so there’s less criticism.”

Contrary to this approach, Salzberg asserted that there is only “one type of

medicine, and that’s medicine whose treatments have been proven to work.” And he

pointed out that alternative medicine has not been proven to work, and proponents of

the practice will not admit it because “they are making too much money on it.”

Accordingly, Salzberg believes that funding for alternative medicine, such as

that received by Berman’s clinic, should be removed. Instead, however, he asserted

that alternative medicine keeps being propelled by a handful of members of Congress

who are determined to see their faith in alternative medicine validated.


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In addition, medical centers are lining up to establish research clinics so that

they can take NIH funding for alternative-medicine studies. Aggressive marketing of

these clinics can also generate substantial patient demand (even a small integrative

clinic can take in several million dollars a year).

Pros: Often, alternative medicine is considered “natural.” Most people who

opt for alternative medicine are choosing these treatments because they are seeking a

more natural approach to healing their chronic conditions.

Examples of alternative medicine include:

 Acupuncture

 Chiropractic care

 Reiki, which is an energy therapy that relies on the practitioner to use healing

energy to mend imbalances by placing their hands gently over the body.

 Herbal medicine – the World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the

world’s population use some type of herbal medicine, and studies show that

herbal preparations are effective at treating allergies, chronic fatigue, and

premenstrual syndrome, amongst other health maladies.

 Ayurvedic medicine, which is a 3,000-year-old Indian medical system that is

still in use today. It utilizes herbs, diets, and specific health practices to treat

illness.

Cons: Certain alternative medicine practices have been studied and have been

deemed to be safe, and even effective. Others have not been heavily studied – and
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some have even been found to be harmful. For example, the products used in

Ayurveda medicine may contain toxic minerals, such as lead.

In addition, just because something is “natural” does not always mean it is safe. A

prime example is the herb kava kava; this herb is often used to treat anxiety, but it can

also cause liver damage.

Hence, a good practice would be to discuss alternative treatments with your

physician. You may also want to consider complementary medicine, which is utilizing

alternative treatments along with standard medicine. For example, I take prescription

medicine daily to prevent migraines. I also go to a chiropractor once weekly, because

these therapies complement each other.

Steven Novella calls the notion that alternative care’s benefits are rooted in

closer practitioner-patient interactions the “touchy feely defense.” Novella, a highly

respected Yale neurologist, argued that claims about the practitioner-patient

relationship are only intended to draw attention away from the fact that randomized

trials have by and large failed to show that alternative treatments work better than

placebos.

In response to this argument, Ted Kaptchuk, a Harvard researcher who studies

the impact of placebos, noted that, “mainstream medicine uses the placebo effect all

the time.” To be approved by the FDA, a drug has to do better than a placebo in

studies.” Consequently, the author points to a recent study, which concluded that 85

percent of new prescription drugs hitting the market, are of little or no benefit to

patients. But what does that mean?


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There are very few “new prescription drugs.” More to the point however, the

propaganda about lifestyle changes being better than drugs and devices would be

believable if lifestyle changes happened. But Americans are getting fatter and lazier

all the time, yet, according to economist Frank Lichtenberg, we’re living longer and

better.

Pros & Cons of Modern Medicine

Modern Medicine

What is it? If you’ve ever gone to an urgent care clinic because you had strep

throat or pink eye and left with a prescription for an antibiotic, you’ve been the

recipient of modern medicine.

According to Krystina Ostermeyer (2018) modern medicine, or standard

medical care, is practiced by a medical doctor (an MD) or a doctor of osteopathy (a

DO). It is also practice by the healthcare team: “…physical therapists, physician

assistants, psychologists, and registered nurses.”

Pros: The rate at which modern medicine is advancing is astonishing. You can

sit on your couch and watch TV and see commercials for new medications at an

alarming pace – and these new medications have reduced our death rates for stroke,

heart disease, and cancer. In fact, due to modern medicine, the death rate from heart

disease has decreased by 60% since 1970. The death rate HIV/AIDS has dropped

more than 75% since 1995, when it was at its peak.


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Cons: However, critics of modern medicine are quick to point out that there is

a pill for everything. Yes, we are quick to create more drugs, and yes, we are living

longer due to said drugs – but are we living better?

Medicine has evolved, and we now have surgeons who are able to perform

surgeries robotically. We have cardiovascular surgeons who can perform open-heart

surgery using a minimally invasive approach. We have physicians trained in

specialties such as oncology, cardiology, nephrology, podiatry, and urology.

But critics point out that medicine has evolved to the point that we’re treating

disease instead of preventing it.

Pros & Cons of Traditional Medicine

Traditional Medicine

What is it? According to the World Health Organization, by Krystina Osmeyer

(2018) traditional medicine is, “the knowledge, skills and practices based on the

theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the

maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of

physical and mental illness.”

Although there are various forms of traditional medicine, one of the most

prevalent and most commonly used is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it dates

back over 3,000 years and is still in practice today.


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TCM uses yin, “…the earth, cold, and femininity” and yang, “the sky, heat,

and masculinity.” Yin and yang must be in balance for good health.

Pros: Although TCM is 3,000 years old, it is still evolving, and its prevalence

and practice is growing throughout the world. It is used to prevent and treat disease.

TCM relies heavily on a variety of practices, but it uses herbal medicine.

Three of its most commonly used herbs are gingko biloba, garlic, and ginseng.

Cons: The herbs used in TCM can be unsafe in certain individuals. In

addition, there is less regulations in place for the safety of herbs. For example, when

you pick up a prescription at the pharmacy, you can be assured that it has tested to

ensure its safety and its efficacy. You cannot be as certain regarding your herbals.

As such, taking an herb that has been untested can lead to toxicity, especially

in people who are ill and the elderly.

Anyway, Regardless of which branch of medicine you prescribe to, you

should ensure that any medications, supplements, or treatments you are utilizing are

safe – discuss with your healthcare provider.

Herbal Remedies versus Modern Medicine

Herbal treatment

Despite the fact that modern medicine is dominant in developed countries, its

high cost combined with its side effects has led many to adopt herbal medicine as an

alternative. A number of statistics have showed that more Westerners are taking
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interest in herbs today than ever before, and a billion dollar industry has grown

around alternative health.

The modern medical establishment has been historically reluctant to look at

herbal medicines, preferring to prescribe medications which must be manufactured.

This article takes a closer look at these two sides of disease treatment, to find out

which one is ultimately the most beneficial.

Modern Medicine

There is no doubt that modern medicine has been highly effective in the

prevention and treatment of many illnesses. Thousands of ailments which would have

been fatal as little as 150 years ago can now be treated with modern medicine, and

this has dramatically increased the life span of the individual.

Not only has modern medicine been successful in prolonging the life of the

individual, but it has also been useful in allowing more people to live a healthy and

more fulfilling life.

However, there is also a dark side to modern medicine. This dark side comes

from a variety of different factors, but one of the most prominent is the side effects

which are found among modern medicines. Because most modern medicine is

manufactured in a lab, it is synthetic, and putting it in the body will often have

negative side effects.

In some cases, the side effects which result from taking certain medications

practically supersede the advantages that one gains from using them. In other

situations, the side effects which result from modern medicines may even be

dangerous.
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Statistics show that each year in the United States, a large number of people

die as a result of complications which result from them taking various medications.

Much of the medications which these individuals consumed were synthetic.

The second dark side that comes with modern medicine is its price tag. Most

synthetic medicines today are so expensive that millions of people living in countries

such as the United States cannot afford it, let alone the billions of people living in

developing nations.

When you consider the fact that roughly half the world's population lives on

less than $2 per day, it becomes easy to see why modern medicine is outside the reach

of all of them, which means that only the rich can afford it.

This is particularly true when it comes to surgery. Even minor operations cost

thousands of dollars, and serious operations cost tens of thousands. This means that

most people, even those living in developed nations, would need to go in debt just to

pay for the cost of such a procedure.

In contrast, people living in developing countries would be helpless, and

would in all likelihood die as a result of their inability to afford the operation.

Another problem with modern medicine is that it emphasizes the cure rather

than prevention, and has become a multi-billion dollar market where profits are more

important than results. Health insurance has become so expensive that even millions

of Americans can no longer afford it.


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Herbal Medications

Herbal medications are a natural alternative that has been used for thousands

of years. Over the ages, different cultures and herbalists have greatly contributed to

the medical knowledge of this field, and this has produced a very impressive body of

literature.

From the Chinese to the Indians and Arabs, a catalogue of herbs has been

produced which can be used to treat hundreds of ailments, both common and more

serious.

While some may question the effectiveness of herbs given the many people

who have died as a result of common diseases prior to the introduction of modern

medicine, one thing that you have to remember is that herbal knowledge was often

kept secret from the masses throughout history, and such knowledge was usually

reserved for a "priest" class who would reserve such knowledge for the nobility.

Additionally, when you consider the fact that the mass population of many

regions was illiterate prior to the Enlightenment, and even after it, it is easy to see

why even if they had such herbal manuscripts available, they would not have been

able to read and use it.

Therefore, citing the large number of people who died as a result of common

illnesses prior to the introduction of modern medicine is not useful in an argument

against the usage of medical herbs.

Research has proven the effectiveness of many herbs, and when you consider

the fact that they have been used for thousands of years in some cultures, it is easy to

see why they must be effective.


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Another factor that most people find impressive in regards to herbs is their

lack of side effects. The only side effect that one may experience through herb usage

is the combination of one herb with another. But these are natural side effects as

opposed to the side effects which result from synthetic medications. All of these were

shared via internet in Herbtreatment.com on 2018.

Herbal Medicine And Medicinal Herbs

What Is Herbal Medicine?

Herbal medicine, also known as herbalism or botanical medicine, is a medical

system based on the use of plants or plant extracts that may be eaten or applied to the

skin. Since ancient times, herbal medicine has been used by many different cultures

throughout the world to treat illness and to assist bodily functions. While herbal

medicine is not a licensed profession in the United States, herbal remedies in the form

of extracts, tinctures, capsules and tablets as well as teas may be recommended by

healthcare practitioners of many different disciplines as a practical way to address a

wide variety of medical conditions.

Herbal medicine blurs the line between foods and medicines – a line that, in

many cultures, was never drawn in the first place. Using herbs and spices that have

disease-preventive effect in foods is one of the best ways to take advantage of their

healing power. For example, it appears that the daily use of the spice turmeric in curry

dishes is one reason elderly people in India have one of the lowest rates

of Alzheimer’s disease in the world.


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What Conditions Is Herbal Medicine Used For?

Herbal medicine has been used to treat or alleviate virtually every possible

medical condition. Some of the most popular herbal remedies and the conditions for

which they are used include:

 aloe used topically for minor burns, sunburns, skin irritation or inflammation

 arnica used topically for bruises, sprains, sore muscles and joints

 chamomile tea ingested for upset stomach, heartburn, indigestion and colic

 comfrey, in a topical poultice only, for bedsores, diabetic ulcers, certain

spider bites and staph infections contracted on tropical beaches

 dong quai for women and ginseng for men and women, ingested to improve

general health and stamina – in this application, these are known as tonics.

Other tonics include eleuthero and rhodiola.

 echinacea ingested for colds, flu, sore throat

 garlic ingested to possibly reduce cholesterol and blood pressure, treat

fungal infections and colds

 ginger ingested for nausea and motion sickness and as an anti-inflammatory

 mullein ingested for chest congestion and dry, bronchial coughs

 passionflower ingested for non-sedating relaxation

 peppermint tea ingested for indigestion, nausea and other digestive problems
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 peppermint oil (in enteric-coated capsules) ingested for irritable bowel

syndrome and other chronic intestinal ailments

 tea tree oil applied topically for fungal infections such as athlete’s foot and

fungal infections of the toenails and fingernails

 turmeric ingested to combat inflammation and protect against cancer and

Alzheimer’s disease

 valerian ingested for sleeping problems.

This is only a brief overview of some of the many safe and effective herbal

remedies.

According to the American Herbalist Guild, herbalists can practice either as

primary health care providers or adjunctive health care consultants. The Guild

explains that most visits to an herbalist begin with a consultation about your past and

current health history, your dietary and lifestyle practices, or other factors related to

your health issue. Then, according to the Guild “the herbalist, with your involvement,

should develop an integrated herbal program that addresses your specific health needs

and concerns.”

Preferences for self-care or professional advice for minor illness: a discrete

choice experiment

Increasingly, policy makers are advocating the development of

services that encourage patients to practice self-care. Shared responsibility for health,

and regarding self-care as part of the overall provision of health care have been
27

emphasized. This is the case for management of chronic conditions and minor

illnesses. Policy supporting self-care is prompted by a need for optimization of

resources. In addition, morbidity statistics for England and Wales suggest that more

than 40% of GP consultations are for ‘minor’ conditions that could be treated without

medical advice, or managed without specific treatment. It has been suggested that

patients with the necessary skills and resources to manage their health will benefit

from greater control over their lives and improved outcomes.

Recent UK Government policy highlights the role of community pharmacies

in supporting safe and effective self-care by the public. Community pharmacies

provide general health advice and specific information about prescription and over-

the-counter medicines. The New Community Pharmacy Contract in

Scotland enhanced the role of community pharmacies by supporting the introduction

of a ‘minor ailment service’. This service allows patients who are exempt from

prescription charges to receive treatment for self-limiting conditions directly from any

pharmacy. A pilot study in Ayrshire and Arran has shown that, while such services

can be provided successfully, uptake may be limited with relatively low impact on GP

workload. More information is needed to identify how people manage common

symptoms associated with self-limiting conditions, and the factors contributing to

their decisions to seek help from different health professionals.

Discrete choice experiment is an economic technique which is increasingly

used in the healthcare setting. It measures the relative importance that responders

place on different characteristics of a service, and the extent to which they ‘trade’

between these characteristics, that is, how much of one aspect of a service they are
28

prepared to forfeit to have more of another. Discrete choice experiments are based on

the premise that a service, intervention, or policy can be described in terms of a

number of factors (attributes) that can be set at different levels.

Participants are asked to choose between several options for a service,

differing in levels of these attributes. Statistical analyses using regression techniques

yield coefficients that describe relative preference (utility) for each attribute. The ratio

of coefficients provides information on responders’ willingness to trade between

attributes. Where a price proxy is included as an attribute, the ratio of the coefficients

can be used to estimate willingness to pay for a service, thus providing an indirect

monetary measure of benefit. All of these were shared via internet in

Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov by Terry Porteous, Mandy Ryan and Phil Hannaford on December

1, 2006.

Self-care is being promoted to manage symptoms of minor illness for reasons

that include optimization of NHS resources and the therapeutic value associated with

empowering patients. This study provides empirical evidence that people prefer self-

care when managing flu-like symptoms. Where professional help is required, advice

from a community pharmacy is the preferred option.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined for this study:

Millennial. They are those who were born in the year 1981 to 1996.

Generation Y. The demographic cohort after the Millennials.


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Preference. Liking or wanting a thing than another thing. An advantage that is

given to some things and not the others.

Self- medication. Is a human behavior in which an individual uses a

substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical

or psychological ailments.

Disease. A disorder of structure or function in a human, especially one that

produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is

not simply a direct result of physical injury.

Asthma. It is a chronic disease of the airways that makes breathing difficult.

Backpain. It is a pain in the back usually caused by back strain.

Bacterial vaginosis. It is a common cause of unusual vaginal discharge. It is

not sexually transmitted.

Cold and Flu. The common cold, including chest cold and head cold, and

seasonal flu are caused by viruses. Use over-the-counter cold medications to

relieve symptoms including sore throat, runny nose, congestion, and cough.

Flu symptoms are similar, but include fever, headache and muscle soreness.

Cough. It is a reflex action to clear your airways of mucus and irritants such

as dust or smoke. Dry cough means it’s tickly and does not produce any

phlegm. Chesty cough means phlegm is produced to help clear your airways.
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Cystisis. It is an inflammation of the bladder. In most cases, the cause of

cystitis is a urinary tract infection.

Eczema. It is a condition where patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, red,

cracked or rough. Blisters may sometime occur.

Foot pain. Injury, overuse or conditions causing inflammation involving any

of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot can cause foot pain.

Hand pain. Several major nerves provide sensation to the hand, and injury or

compression of these nerves will often lead to symptoms of hand pain.

Hay fever. It is an allergic reaction to environment allergens such as pollens,

dust, mite, molds and animal fur.

Headache. It is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or

neck. It occurs in migraines, tension-type headaches and cluster headaches.

Heartburn. It is also as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion. It is a burning

sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen.

Hip pain. Hip pain on the outside of your hip, upper thigh or outer buttock is

usually caused by problems with muscles, ligaments, tendons and other soft

tissues that surround your hip joint.

Knee pain. It is a pain in or around the knee.


31

Rectal bleeding. Anal fissures, another cause of rectal bleeding, are tiny tears

in the anus and anal commonly caused by straining with hard stools.

Shoulder pain. It is a pain in the shoulder that is caused by working.

Sinusitis. It is a inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the sinuses

resulting in symptoms.

Sore throat. A pain, scratchiness or irritation of the throat that worsens when

you swallow. The most common cause of a sore throat is a viral infection,

such as the cold or flu.

Thrush. Infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as

yeast.

Herbs. Herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for

flavoring and garnishing food, medicinal purposes, or for fragrances;

excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients.

Modern medicine. Is practiced by a medical doctor (an MD) or a doctor of

osteopathy (a DO). It is also practice by the healthcare team.

Alternative medicine. It is a treatment that is used in place of a conventional

medical treatment.

Traditional medicine. It is the knowledge, skills and practices based on the

theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the


32

maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or

treatment of physical and mental illness.

Assumptions

As W. Paul Vogt defines an assumption as “(a) A statement that is presumed

to be true, often only temporary or for a specific purpose, such as building a theory;

(b) the conditions under which statistical techniques yield valid results,” the study is

premised on the following eight (8) assumptions:

1. There are different preferences chosen by the millennials.

2. The study is limited to millennials that speaks Iloco and Tagalog in

Caoayan.

3. Millennials participating in the research study would provide

accurate and valid responses on the interview.

4. The participant will fully understand the questions that will be

asked.

5. The respondents will provide honest expressions of their knowledge

6. The data gathering instruments are valid, reliable and objective

7. To be aware of the preferences of millennials in treating minor

diseases.

8. The primary data gathering instrument is mainly essential to be able

to seek answers, and to attain the target of the study.


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Methodology

This portion exhibits the discussions of the research design, populations, data

gathering instruments and data gathering procedures which were utilized in the

conduct of the study. The objective of the study is to provide knowledge about the

difference preferences of millennials toward treating minor diseases.

Research Design

This study will use case study analysis approach on the overall number that is

using different kinds of medicine to cure their diseases. These case focused on the

which as follows: (1) using herbals (2)using drugs (3).total population of people (4)

quality of life of millennial The study define on the millennial who used to cure their

selves by their selves. The researchers further examine if herbals can cure them or

drugs is much better than herbals and also the advantages and disadvantages of it. In

addition researchers also want to examine if it is their own idea or is there a people

who gave this kind of idea. And, lastly how can affect it the health of the people who

are using the different medicines specifically the quality of life, the population, the

herbs and the drugs.

Population

This study will be conducted within Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, the students who

are curing themselves with the use of herbals and drugs without the consent of a

doctor/s. The municipality of Caoayan is one of the municipalities of Ilocos Sur which

has this kind of treating the minor diseases by their own.


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Along the environs of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur informants were purposely selected

for the study, namely: 1) millennial students 2) working millennials 3) tambay

millennials.

The profile of the 15 informants includes three (3) local government official or

administrator of the town of Caoayan who are knowledgeable about the different

preferences towards treating minor diseases.

The informants were considered appropriate of the study are through careful

consideration based on the following criteria:

a. Should be knowledgeable about the different preferences towards treating

minor diseases.

b. Should be a resident of Caoayan.

c. Desire to participate in the study.

Data Gathering Instruments

For the purpose of this research, in-depth interviews will be used. In-depth

interviews are personal and unstructured interviews, whose aim is to identify

participant’s emotions, feelings and opinion regarding a particular research subject

(Fisher, 2005).

The researchers made instrument that will be utilized to determine the

preferences towards treating minor diseases of the millennials of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur.

The data used in this study will be collected through the use of key–informant

interview guide. The KII is the main instrument in gathering data.


35

Part I of the interview will be used to elicit the respondents profile such as

name, sex, gender, religion and age.

Part II of the interview will be used to gather information on the preferences of

millennials towards treating minor diseases, in terms of source learning, resources,

and effects of their preferences.

Part III of the interview will be used to get information pertaining to the

impact on the preferences of millennials towards treating minor diseases in terms of

social and health factors.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first step in the process is to arrive at a clear, precise and exact definition

of the variables of the study. The researchers need to operationalize the participants.

A study will be conducted that will use millennials, methods to assess how minor

illnesses affects their lives, consultation and diagnostic performance.

Millennials from the different parts of Caoayan will be recruited to participate in

this study. The participants will be recruited to reflect different types of thinking or

opinions. Simulated participants will be able to deliver minor illnesses. The results of

the study will be derived from the recordings and from the information provided from

the data collection forms. Each visit will be assessed to determine whether it achieved

basic and/or good levels of practice.

Initial probes will be noted for each question and expanded upon based on
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responses from completed. All surveys will be analyze after receiving consent from

each participant.

Data is collected in a joint questionnaire. The questionnaire was carefully

constructed on the basis regarding self-care that were precise. The Self-care for

People Initiative and Public Attitudes to Self-care.

Review is preceded the construction of the questionnaire.. A few items were

also added in order to answer the study aim. Participants were asked what they know

or their knowledge about minor illnesses.

The researchers would display their immersion in the research participant’s

throughout the interview process in the study. Every dialogue will be adopted and

valued.

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