A Research Paper
Presented to
the Faculty of Laboratory Schools
Senior High School
In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirements in the Subject
Practical Research 1
2019
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CERTIFICATION
Diseases,” prepared and submitted by Aidam Paul Apilado, Trisha Angelika Rin,
Ma. Angelyn Sesuca and Jovy Ann Lyka Vicerra in partial fulfillment of the
Critic
Adviser
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APPROVAL SHEET
__________.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMNT
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DEDICATION
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES
Title Page
Certification
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Abstract
Table Of Contents
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Assumptions
Methodology
Research Design
Population
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF FIGURES
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Filipinos have different ways in treating minor diseases, some consult to the
doctor, some medicate themselves, others go to a person who is believed to have the
power of treating diseases, some does not medicate themselves they just wait for it to
they consulting a doctor? Or maybe self-medicating? Are they using drugs? Do they
Generally, millennials are those who were born in the year 1981 to 1996, so
economic instability.
accessibility. They value clear comparisons among health plans. Also known as
Millennials nowadays have their own way towards treating minor diseases, for
Some minor diseases that most millennials have experienced are as follows:
Asthma, back pain, bacterial vaginosis, cold or flu, coughs, cystitis in women,
eczema, foot pain, hand pain , hay fever, headache, heartburn, hip pain, knee pain,
These are only some of the minor diseases that millennials mostly suffer.
Thus, this study is to know the alternative ways of millennials in treating minor
better and for us to gain more knowledge about treating minor diseases.
Self-care is perfect if your condition is something you will be able to treat at home,
such as coughs, colds and common childhood illnesses. For some illnesses, home is
A big part of your recovery from these minor illnesses is to rest and drink
plenty of fluid. You can plan ahead by stocking up on healthcare essentials you might
need, like paracetamol – ask your pharmacist for advice on stocking your home
medicines cabinet.
If you are ill and don't have these in your house, ask a friend, family member
All pharmacists can recognize many common health complaints. They can
give advice or, where appropriate, medicines that will help to clear up the problem.
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If your problem is more serious and needs the attention of a GP, your pharmacist can
advise you.
Keeping a well-stocked medicine cabinet at home can help you treat many
minor ailments. Colds, coughs, indigestion and many other minor complaints can all
Your pharmacist can advise on what you might find useful to keep in your
medicine cabinet. Always follow the instructions on the medicine label and consult
This topic is very helpful, not just for the researches but also to everyone for
The millennials served as the motivation of this study for it is believed that
the millennials would also be benefited at the same time for they will gain more
knowledge and have a deeper understanding towards treating minor diseas es like
The main objective of this study is to learn in coping up what are the
preferences of millennials in treating minor diseases. It is believed that this study will
be helpful to everyone and it will serve as a new basis and guide for their own
Through the help pf this study, it is hoped that it will have a great impact to
the society and will help not only the millennials but everyone regarding this matter.
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Personally, we do all have our own preference in treating minor diseases, what
This study aims to identify the millennials preferences toward treating minor
1. What are the minor diseases that the participant has already experienced?
2. How did the participant treat those minor diseases that he/she experienced?
3.
a. Herbals?
b. Drugs?
This study will be undertaken to find the preferences towards treating minor
Students. This research is important to the students. It is hoped that this study will
treating minor diseases. The results will provide the students’ knowledge of the
Teachers. The result of the study may motivate, constantly look for more
Through this research, it could guide the teachers on educating students in treating
minor diseases.
that there are good and bad side about the preferences of millennials toward treating
minor diseases. They will be gaining insights as to what measures are appropriate to
help the teachers orient students regarding the treatment of minor diseases.
Researchers. The result of the study may serve as baseline for future researchers
different medicines to cure their minor diseases. According to some people who lives
there, they are allow to buy a medicines in a sari-sari store or in a botika ng barangay
for them to treat their minor diseases and for them not to go the hospital. In this case
the researchers are aware about what’s going on or the situation in this municipality.
The study is delimited to Caoayan resident who are using different medicine
for treating their minor diseases. The primary data gathering instruments used was the
study.
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Caoayan
The purpose of this study is determine if it is okay for the people of Caoayan
to take different medicine to cure their diseases without the consent of the doctors.
And also, to know the thoughts of the people about this kind of medication. And lastly
to know the right things to do, in order to have a safer life and longer life.
This research is administered under the Senior High School Program of the
Theoretical Framework
In this section, the review of related literature and studies relevant to the
current research study is presented, wherein the variables tackle about the millennials.
comprehension of the topics. The section contains the following areas related to this
study:
1. The millennials
choice experiment
This study aimed to describe and explain the socio-economic impacts of the
millennials preferences towards treating minor diseases. Since their preference have
helped the millennials grew up into a person now with a lot of learnings from the past
it is recommended to study this case to have a better insights toward the lives of
millennials and also for the benefits of everyone as they learn new preferences.
The millennials
the Millennials are the generation born between 1981 and 1996, as recently
crystallized by the Pew Research Center. Companies today are learning that if they
want to sales to soar, they’d better pay attention to them. What’s at stake? Consider
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation estimates that they already spend about
retailer ModCloth, which prominently features user reviews for the items on its
well. But in the minds of younger, more cynical consumers, doing so helps establish
ModCloth's credibility.
Community Outreach
Because of Millennials' affinity for social media, some companies are also
seeing an opportunity to build a deeper, two-way relationship with their clientele. For
example, after Coca-Cola Co.’s rolled out its personalized-name soda cans last year, it
invited customers to share their own photos and comments using the hashtag
#shareacoke on Twitter.
Going Mobile
While smartphones are now common across all age groups, their biggest users
belong to Gen Y. A 2014 Nielsen survey found that more than 85% of Americans
Greater Diversity
Here’s another point that companies ignore at their peril: Millennials are
perhaps the most diverse generation in American history. According to the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce Foundation, the number of people aged 18-29 who classify
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themselves as “non-Hispanic white” is just 60%. Among survey respondents who are
key consumer segment. As a result, companies are busy figuring out how to appeal to
this highly diverse, tech-savvy age group. There's lots of incentive to earn the trust of
millennial consumers now: As they mature and their careers advance, their influence
Thus, millennials are now growing into a larger community with many
According to Kevin Berube (2015) millennials are better educated than prior
generations.
The researchers agree with this because young adults are much better educated
than their grandparents, as the share of young adults with a bachelor’s degree or
higher have steadily climbed since 1968. Among Millennials, around four-in-ten
(39%) of those ages 25 to 37 have a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with just
15% of the Silent Generation, roughly a quarter of Baby Boomers and about three-in-
ten Gen Xers (29%) when they were the same age.
luckyattititude.co.uk by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Thus, millennials have more positive attitudes about technology than other
generations–we are the most likely to say that technology makes life easy rather than
harder, are the most likely to say technology brings people closer together than drives
them further apart, and are the most likely to say that technology allows people to use
Thus, Millennial generation have a strong sense of community both on local and
responsibility to make the world better. They are less patriotic and more globally
Millennials have disregarded the life and career path that was so formally laid out
by the Baby Boomers and eager to make their own pathways as they see chaos,
distrust of corporations, redundancy and other bad news associated with businesses.
Millennials value flexible working arrangements and freedom over the stable 9 to-
5.
For a long time pragmatic and idealist were seen as opposites. Now Millennials
are saying “We want to change the world and we know it’s not going to be easy, but
Millennials want to be real. They want to stay true to who they are their values
and individuality. They want their employers to respect their individual differences
and embrace the potential that these unique qualities can bring.
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Millennials want to have an open and honest relationship with their manager and
co-workers.
communication.
try to live within their means, save for emergency and not buy things they don’t need.
the UK suggest increasingly liberal attitudes with regard to social and cultural issues,
as well as higher overall support for classical liberal economic policies than preceding
generations.
part of changing and improving lives and we have quite a bit of disdain for
selfishness.
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Millennials don’t just accept the status quo and they will challenge the system if
PwC Millennial survey (2015) revealed that British female Millennials are the
most confident and ambitious of any female generation. 49% of them starting their
careers believe they can reach the very top levels with their current employer. And
according to a November, 2008 Pepsi Refresh Optimism report found that 81% of
Millennials chose the word “hopeful” to describe their feelings about the future, 65%
chose “optimistic” and 57% chose the words “confident” and “excited”. Millennials
have been raised to believe that we can accomplish anything. Our parents, teachers,
coaches and all adults who have been a part of our lives, have drilled it into our heads
that “if you believe you can achieve it, you probably can.”
Millennials are America’s most ethnically and racially diverse cohort ever.
Among Millennials ages 13 to 29: 18.5% are Hispanic; 14.2% are Black; 4.3% are
Asian; 3.2% are Mixed Race or other; and 59.8%, are Caucasian (Keeter, 2010).
Millennials are interested in processes and services that work and speed their
interactions.
Millennials excel at juggling several tasks at once since this an efficient and
(Gursoy et al. 2008; Pew Research Center 2007). They view time as a valuable
Alternative Medicine
your physician prescribed you a blood pressure medication and you opted instead to
overhaul your diet completely in hopes of reducing your blood pressure, this could be
marketed, dangerous quackery.” He asserted that, “these clinics throw together a little
homeopathy, a little meditation, a little voodoo, and then they add in a little accepted
Contrary to this approach, Salzberg asserted that there is only “one type of
medicine, and that’s medicine whose treatments have been proven to work.” And he
pointed out that alternative medicine has not been proven to work, and proponents of
the practice will not admit it because “they are making too much money on it.”
they can take NIH funding for alternative-medicine studies. Aggressive marketing of
these clinics can also generate substantial patient demand (even a small integrative
opt for alternative medicine are choosing these treatments because they are seeking a
Acupuncture
Chiropractic care
Reiki, which is an energy therapy that relies on the practitioner to use healing
energy to mend imbalances by placing their hands gently over the body.
Herbal medicine – the World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the
world’s population use some type of herbal medicine, and studies show that
still in use today. It utilizes herbs, diets, and specific health practices to treat
illness.
Cons: Certain alternative medicine practices have been studied and have been
deemed to be safe, and even effective. Others have not been heavily studied – and
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some have even been found to be harmful. For example, the products used in
In addition, just because something is “natural” does not always mean it is safe. A
prime example is the herb kava kava; this herb is often used to treat anxiety, but it can
physician. You may also want to consider complementary medicine, which is utilizing
alternative treatments along with standard medicine. For example, I take prescription
Steven Novella calls the notion that alternative care’s benefits are rooted in
relationship are only intended to draw attention away from the fact that randomized
trials have by and large failed to show that alternative treatments work better than
placebos.
the impact of placebos, noted that, “mainstream medicine uses the placebo effect all
the time.” To be approved by the FDA, a drug has to do better than a placebo in
studies.” Consequently, the author points to a recent study, which concluded that 85
percent of new prescription drugs hitting the market, are of little or no benefit to
There are very few “new prescription drugs.” More to the point however, the
propaganda about lifestyle changes being better than drugs and devices would be
believable if lifestyle changes happened. But Americans are getting fatter and lazier
all the time, yet, according to economist Frank Lichtenberg, we’re living longer and
better.
Modern Medicine
What is it? If you’ve ever gone to an urgent care clinic because you had strep
throat or pink eye and left with a prescription for an antibiotic, you’ve been the
Pros: The rate at which modern medicine is advancing is astonishing. You can
sit on your couch and watch TV and see commercials for new medications at an
alarming pace – and these new medications have reduced our death rates for stroke,
heart disease, and cancer. In fact, due to modern medicine, the death rate from heart
disease has decreased by 60% since 1970. The death rate HIV/AIDS has dropped
Cons: However, critics of modern medicine are quick to point out that there is
a pill for everything. Yes, we are quick to create more drugs, and yes, we are living
Medicine has evolved, and we now have surgeons who are able to perform
But critics point out that medicine has evolved to the point that we’re treating
Traditional Medicine
(2018) traditional medicine is, “the knowledge, skills and practices based on the
Although there are various forms of traditional medicine, one of the most
prevalent and most commonly used is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it dates
TCM uses yin, “…the earth, cold, and femininity” and yang, “the sky, heat,
and masculinity.” Yin and yang must be in balance for good health.
Pros: Although TCM is 3,000 years old, it is still evolving, and its prevalence
and practice is growing throughout the world. It is used to prevent and treat disease.
Three of its most commonly used herbs are gingko biloba, garlic, and ginseng.
addition, there is less regulations in place for the safety of herbs. For example, when
you pick up a prescription at the pharmacy, you can be assured that it has tested to
ensure its safety and its efficacy. You cannot be as certain regarding your herbals.
As such, taking an herb that has been untested can lead to toxicity, especially
should ensure that any medications, supplements, or treatments you are utilizing are
Herbal treatment
Despite the fact that modern medicine is dominant in developed countries, its
high cost combined with its side effects has led many to adopt herbal medicine as an
alternative. A number of statistics have showed that more Westerners are taking
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interest in herbs today than ever before, and a billion dollar industry has grown
This article takes a closer look at these two sides of disease treatment, to find out
Modern Medicine
There is no doubt that modern medicine has been highly effective in the
prevention and treatment of many illnesses. Thousands of ailments which would have
been fatal as little as 150 years ago can now be treated with modern medicine, and
Not only has modern medicine been successful in prolonging the life of the
individual, but it has also been useful in allowing more people to live a healthy and
However, there is also a dark side to modern medicine. This dark side comes
from a variety of different factors, but one of the most prominent is the side effects
which are found among modern medicines. Because most modern medicine is
manufactured in a lab, it is synthetic, and putting it in the body will often have
In some cases, the side effects which result from taking certain medications
practically supersede the advantages that one gains from using them. In other
situations, the side effects which result from modern medicines may even be
dangerous.
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Statistics show that each year in the United States, a large number of people
die as a result of complications which result from them taking various medications.
The second dark side that comes with modern medicine is its price tag. Most
synthetic medicines today are so expensive that millions of people living in countries
such as the United States cannot afford it, let alone the billions of people living in
developing nations.
When you consider the fact that roughly half the world's population lives on
less than $2 per day, it becomes easy to see why modern medicine is outside the reach
of all of them, which means that only the rich can afford it.
This is particularly true when it comes to surgery. Even minor operations cost
thousands of dollars, and serious operations cost tens of thousands. This means that
most people, even those living in developed nations, would need to go in debt just to
would in all likelihood die as a result of their inability to afford the operation.
Another problem with modern medicine is that it emphasizes the cure rather
than prevention, and has become a multi-billion dollar market where profits are more
important than results. Health insurance has become so expensive that even millions
Herbal Medications
Herbal medications are a natural alternative that has been used for thousands
of years. Over the ages, different cultures and herbalists have greatly contributed to
the medical knowledge of this field, and this has produced a very impressive body of
literature.
From the Chinese to the Indians and Arabs, a catalogue of herbs has been
produced which can be used to treat hundreds of ailments, both common and more
serious.
While some may question the effectiveness of herbs given the many people
who have died as a result of common diseases prior to the introduction of modern
medicine, one thing that you have to remember is that herbal knowledge was often
kept secret from the masses throughout history, and such knowledge was usually
reserved for a "priest" class who would reserve such knowledge for the nobility.
Additionally, when you consider the fact that the mass population of many
regions was illiterate prior to the Enlightenment, and even after it, it is easy to see
why even if they had such herbal manuscripts available, they would not have been
Therefore, citing the large number of people who died as a result of common
Research has proven the effectiveness of many herbs, and when you consider
the fact that they have been used for thousands of years in some cultures, it is easy to
Another factor that most people find impressive in regards to herbs is their
lack of side effects. The only side effect that one may experience through herb usage
is the combination of one herb with another. But these are natural side effects as
opposed to the side effects which result from synthetic medications. All of these were
system based on the use of plants or plant extracts that may be eaten or applied to the
skin. Since ancient times, herbal medicine has been used by many different cultures
throughout the world to treat illness and to assist bodily functions. While herbal
medicine is not a licensed profession in the United States, herbal remedies in the form
Herbal medicine blurs the line between foods and medicines – a line that, in
many cultures, was never drawn in the first place. Using herbs and spices that have
disease-preventive effect in foods is one of the best ways to take advantage of their
healing power. For example, it appears that the daily use of the spice turmeric in curry
dishes is one reason elderly people in India have one of the lowest rates
Herbal medicine has been used to treat or alleviate virtually every possible
medical condition. Some of the most popular herbal remedies and the conditions for
aloe used topically for minor burns, sunburns, skin irritation or inflammation
arnica used topically for bruises, sprains, sore muscles and joints
chamomile tea ingested for upset stomach, heartburn, indigestion and colic
dong quai for women and ginseng for men and women, ingested to improve
general health and stamina – in this application, these are known as tonics.
peppermint tea ingested for indigestion, nausea and other digestive problems
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tea tree oil applied topically for fungal infections such as athlete’s foot and
Alzheimer’s disease
This is only a brief overview of some of the many safe and effective herbal
remedies.
primary health care providers or adjunctive health care consultants. The Guild
explains that most visits to an herbalist begin with a consultation about your past and
current health history, your dietary and lifestyle practices, or other factors related to
your health issue. Then, according to the Guild “the herbalist, with your involvement,
should develop an integrated herbal program that addresses your specific health needs
and concerns.”
choice experiment
services that encourage patients to practice self-care. Shared responsibility for health,
and regarding self-care as part of the overall provision of health care have been
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emphasized. This is the case for management of chronic conditions and minor
resources. In addition, morbidity statistics for England and Wales suggest that more
than 40% of GP consultations are for ‘minor’ conditions that could be treated without
medical advice, or managed without specific treatment. It has been suggested that
patients with the necessary skills and resources to manage their health will benefit
provide general health advice and specific information about prescription and over-
of a ‘minor ailment service’. This service allows patients who are exempt from
prescription charges to receive treatment for self-limiting conditions directly from any
pharmacy. A pilot study in Ayrshire and Arran has shown that, while such services
can be provided successfully, uptake may be limited with relatively low impact on GP
used in the healthcare setting. It measures the relative importance that responders
place on different characteristics of a service, and the extent to which they ‘trade’
between these characteristics, that is, how much of one aspect of a service they are
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prepared to forfeit to have more of another. Discrete choice experiments are based on
yield coefficients that describe relative preference (utility) for each attribute. The ratio
attributes. Where a price proxy is included as an attribute, the ratio of the coefficients
can be used to estimate willingness to pay for a service, thus providing an indirect
1, 2006.
that include optimization of NHS resources and the therapeutic value associated with
empowering patients. This study provides empirical evidence that people prefer self-
care when managing flu-like symptoms. Where professional help is required, advice
Millennial. They are those who were born in the year 1981 to 1996.
or psychological ailments.
Cold and Flu. The common cold, including chest cold and head cold, and
relieve symptoms including sore throat, runny nose, congestion, and cough.
Flu symptoms are similar, but include fever, headache and muscle soreness.
Cough. It is a reflex action to clear your airways of mucus and irritants such
as dust or smoke. Dry cough means it’s tickly and does not produce any
phlegm. Chesty cough means phlegm is produced to help clear your airways.
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of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot can cause foot pain.
Hand pain. Several major nerves provide sensation to the hand, and injury or
Hip pain. Hip pain on the outside of your hip, upper thigh or outer buttock is
usually caused by problems with muscles, ligaments, tendons and other soft
Rectal bleeding. Anal fissures, another cause of rectal bleeding, are tiny tears
in the anus and anal commonly caused by straining with hard stools.
resulting in symptoms.
Sore throat. A pain, scratchiness or irritation of the throat that worsens when
you swallow. The most common cause of a sore throat is a viral infection,
Thrush. Infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as
yeast.
Herbs. Herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for
medical treatment.
Assumptions
to be true, often only temporary or for a specific purpose, such as building a theory;
(b) the conditions under which statistical techniques yield valid results,” the study is
Caoayan.
asked.
diseases.
Methodology
This portion exhibits the discussions of the research design, populations, data
gathering instruments and data gathering procedures which were utilized in the
conduct of the study. The objective of the study is to provide knowledge about the
Research Design
This study will use case study analysis approach on the overall number that is
using different kinds of medicine to cure their diseases. These case focused on the
which as follows: (1) using herbals (2)using drugs (3).total population of people (4)
quality of life of millennial The study define on the millennial who used to cure their
selves by their selves. The researchers further examine if herbals can cure them or
drugs is much better than herbals and also the advantages and disadvantages of it. In
addition researchers also want to examine if it is their own idea or is there a people
who gave this kind of idea. And, lastly how can affect it the health of the people who
are using the different medicines specifically the quality of life, the population, the
Population
This study will be conducted within Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, the students who
are curing themselves with the use of herbals and drugs without the consent of a
doctor/s. The municipality of Caoayan is one of the municipalities of Ilocos Sur which
Along the environs of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur informants were purposely selected
millennials.
The profile of the 15 informants includes three (3) local government official or
administrator of the town of Caoayan who are knowledgeable about the different
The informants were considered appropriate of the study are through careful
minor diseases.
For the purpose of this research, in-depth interviews will be used. In-depth
(Fisher, 2005).
preferences towards treating minor diseases of the millennials of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur.
The data used in this study will be collected through the use of key–informant
Part I of the interview will be used to elicit the respondents profile such as
Part III of the interview will be used to get information pertaining to the
The first step in the process is to arrive at a clear, precise and exact definition
of the variables of the study. The researchers need to operationalize the participants.
A study will be conducted that will use millennials, methods to assess how minor
this study. The participants will be recruited to reflect different types of thinking or
opinions. Simulated participants will be able to deliver minor illnesses. The results of
the study will be derived from the recordings and from the information provided from
the data collection forms. Each visit will be assessed to determine whether it achieved
Initial probes will be noted for each question and expanded upon based on
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responses from completed. All surveys will be analyze after receiving consent from
each participant.
constructed on the basis regarding self-care that were precise. The Self-care for
also added in order to answer the study aim. Participants were asked what they know
throughout the interview process in the study. Every dialogue will be adopted and
valued.