RAK ACADEMIC CENTRE

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Proposed Title: Modelling and simulation of pitch controlled Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine.

Student Number: 18010140

Module Tutor: Vidhya Ragesh, Anjana K V, Kelvin john

BEng (Hons) in ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

___________________________________________________________________

Level HE6, UG Level 3

Module Title: MAJOR PROJECT

Module Number: AME6011

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 Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4

2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 5

3. PROPOSED APPROACH ................................................................................... 7

3.1 AIM: .................................................................................................................. 7

3.2 OBJECTIVES: .................................................................................................. 7

3.3 METHODOLOGY: ............................................................................................ 7

4. PROJECT PLAN: ................................................................................................... 8

5. RESOURCE PLAN................................................................................................. 8

6. RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 9

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................... 10

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PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Less energy efficiency of current Horizontal Axis wind turbines (HAWT)

RESEARCH QUESTION:

How to optimize the energy efficiency of Horizontal Axis wind turbines?

PROJECT TITLE:

Modelling and simulation of Pitch controlled Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine.

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 1. INTRODUCTION

With the consuming out of fossil fuels, we seek for other sources of energy, particularly renewable

sources. Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which can’t be limited when their

energy is harnessed such as solar energy, wind energy etc. (Liu et al,2017). Wind renewable energy

is the natural and developed renewable energy. It generates electrical power from wind, by process

of converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Wind is a clean source of energy, which help

to reduce global warming by reducing the emission of greenhouse effect gases and preserves the

environment (Suryanarayanan et al,2005).

Based on axis rotations there are different types of wind turbine. Horizontal-axis wind turbine and

vertical-axis wind turbine. In H-A wind turbine, the rotation of the axis is horizontal, which is parallel

to the ground. And in V-A wind turbine the rotation of the axis is vertical, Perpendicular to the

ground. Pitch control is one of type of power control. It maintains blade angle when different speed

of wind occurs to achieve certain rotor speed to get maximum power output. Pitch uses method of

stall and furl to control (Narasimalu et al,2017). The proposed system is to simulate the HAWT

different pitch control on MATLAB/SIMULINK and to analyze and evaluate the different output to

optimize energy efficiency.

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 2. BACKGROUND

From many years we are using fossil fuel to generate energy by burning, but because extreme

usage of utility such as oil, gas and coal they might extinct eventually and that will become a

problem. As more and more fossil fuels are burning it causes climate change due to global warming.

Still now in the modern era burning fossil fuel such as coal, petroleum is the primary source to

produce energy or electricity even though it causes more pollution in the air or water. The usage of

fossil fuels increase day by day, and it is limited supply of fossil fuels. So, the another way to

produce electricity or generate energy is by renewable energy (Zhen et al,2015). Renewable Energy

is a natural source of energy. Energy sources which are generated from natural sources are Solar,

and wind. Wind energy is type of the renewable energy to generate electricity. In the process the

wind energy absorb energy from the wind i.e kinetic energy and convert into electrical energy.

Wind are generated when there is a change is atmosphere temperature. The hot air rises, so that

the cool air moves in and the movement of hot and cold air is called as Wind. The wind turbine

captures the energy from the wind. When wind flows it rotate the rotor, as the rotor spins, the

rotational movement of the rotor blades spins the generator which generate the electricity (Konara

et al,2015). A wind turbine is designed in such a way to produce maximum power at different speed

of winds. Particularly the operation of the turbine is operating during below, around and above

rated wind speed. The power has to be restricted when the rated wind speed Is exceeded. To

restrict the power various method are used such as yawing, electrical and mechanical braking and

pitch control. The large wind turbine is designed to face the direction of the wind. In Yawing, the

yaw angle (angle misalignment btw turbine and wind facing toward wind direction) is minimized so

that the output power is maximized and load non symmetrical is minimized. Wind varies

continuously, so turbine can’t follow the wind direction quickly, so an average is taken as yaw angle.

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The process of transferring energy from the generator to resistor bank, transforming kinetic energy

of wind turbine into heat is known as electrical braking. The benefit is only when the kinetic load is

reducing suddenly on the generator. Uniformly braking causes the turbine to slow down, due to

which effect of stalling increases, and the efficiency of the blades decreases. By this method the

turbine maintains optimal power output even in stronger winds. It is not applicable for large grid. In

mechanical braking the drum brakes is installed for emergency purpose and they are also used

during maintenance. Electromagnetic brake is used to reduced turbine speed. Brakes would wear

off rapidly when turbine is stop from full speed (Liu et al,2017). As the speed of wind changes the

variable pitch control adjust the angle of the blades, to control the power produce by the

generator. The pitch adjusts the generator slip, according to the speed of wind, when produced

power is less than the rated power. So that the turbine can run to achieve optimal output power.

The angle of blades is adjusted continuously, as the speed of the wind varies continuously,

therefore the power produced by the generated is maintained in rated power at different speeds of

wind conditions (Zhen et al,2015).

There are two kind of pitch control hydraulic and electric variable pitch actuator. Hydraulic pitch

control mechanism has faster actuator dynamic response, large drive torque, accurate positioning,

light weighted, more stiffness and accurately and quickly adjusting pitch blade. The hydraulic pitch

control has two methods of working, increasing and decreasing of pitch angle. The oars is the process

of adjusting pitch angles such opening (cylinder outward) and closing (retract cylinder). when power

coefficient CP of wind turbine is at max value, the pitch angle β is zero. There are inversely

proportional when β increases the CP decreases. By using this logic, when the output power is below

rated power the pitch angle β is zero. And when the speed is more than rated speed which increase

the angle of blade β, reducing the coefficient power CP which maintain optimal efficiency of the wind

turbine (Qi,2014).

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 3. PROPOSED APPROACH
3.1 AIM:

To model and simulate a HAWT and use to optimize energy conversion efficiency of wind turbines.

3.2 OBJECTIVES:

1. To thoroughly research about the energy output of the wind turbine in different speed of
winds.
2. To model pitch control for HAWT
3. To simulate pitch control for HAWT
4. To test and evaluate the energy efficiency of modeled HAWT.

3.3 METHODOLOGY:

The aim of the research is to analyze the wind turbine power output in the different speed of wind.

A qualitative analysis of various pitch control techniques will be done. A wind turbine will design in

such a way to produce maximum power at different speed of winds. Particularly the operation of

the turbine is operating during below, around and above rated wind speed. The power has to be

restricted when the rated wind speed Is exceeded. To restrict the power pitch control will be used.

Then the HAWT will be modeled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Finally, the model will be

tested for pitch controls to optimize energy efficiency.

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4. PROJECT PLAN:

5. RESOURCE PLAN
MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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 6. RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment Task/Activity assessed:
Number:

Name/job role of people consulted M. Wasif Asrar Date of 29/11/2018 Review

during assessment: Assessment: Date:

Acknowledgements, Sign off and Authorization

Acknowledgement Name Signature Date

Risk Assessor: By signing this risk assessment I acknowledge my responsibility as the Risk Assessor for conducting this risk M. Wasif Asrar
assessment in accordance with CU-HAS-PROC-3.01, Risk Assessment Procedure.

Checked by: By signing this risk assessment acknowledge my responsibility as the checker for this risk assessment in accordance
with CU-HAS-PROC-3.01, Risk Assessment Procedure.
(where required)

Authorizing Person: By signing the risk assessment, I acknowledge my responsibility as the department management for reviewing and
approving this risk assessment and communicating controls and any additional controls to staff/students (as
appropriate).

Tasks/ Operational Significant hazards – Who is affected and how - What are your existing controls? Existing Risk Rating Are additional
steps/ Sub tasks/  Who might be hurt? controls
 What could happen? (Reference all Safe Systems Of Work (SSOW), Standard (Consequence x Likelihood
 How bad could it reasonably needed? Y/N
Operating Procedures (SOP) and Emergency Procedures)
Events be? = Total)
(If Yes, RAMP
C L TOTAL
required)

1 Secure Platform for Data Loss User, Unlikely Secure your data after every progress.
2 3 6
Simulation N

Emergency Planning Arrangements relating to operations/event

Regular Backing up of Data to prevent total data loss.

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 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Guo, H. and Guo, Q., 2006, August. H∞ Control of Adjustable-Pitch Wind Turbine Adjustable-Pitch System.
In Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC 2006. CES/IEEE 5th International (Vol. 2, pp.
1-4). IEEE.

Horiuchi, N. and Kawahito, T., 2001, July. Torque and power limitations of variable speed wind turbines using
pitch control and generator power control. In Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001 (Vol. 1, pp.
638-643). IEEE.

Konara, K.M.S.Y. and Kolhe, M.L., 2015, November. Pitch controller modeling for wind turbine power
regulation using feed forward control strategies. In Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015
IEEE PES Asia-Pacific (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Liu, H., Lin, Y. and Li, W., 2006, June. Study on control strategy of individual blade pitch-controlled wind
turbine. In Intelligent Control and Automation, 2006. WCICA 2006. The Sixth World Congress on (Vol. 2, pp.
6489-6492). IEEE.

Liu, X., Yu, W., Yang, L. and Ma, Q., 2017, October. Research on variable-pitch control strategy of wind turbine
based on the nonlinear PID. In Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), 2017(pp. 299-303). IEEE.

Mughal, M.H. and Guojie, L., 2015, August. Review of Pitch Control for Variable Speed Wind Turbine.
In Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing and 2015 IEEE 12th Intl Conf on Autonomic and Trusted Computing
and 2015 IEEE 15th Intl Conf on Scalable Computing and Communications and Its Associated Workshops (UIC-
ATC-ScalCom), 2015 IEEE 12th Intl Conf on (pp. 738-744). IEEE

Narasimalu, S. and Chellaiah, B., 2017, October. Pitch angle control for horizontal axis wind turbine: A
comparative study. In Energy, Power and Transportation Electrification (ACEPT), 2017 Asian Conference on (pp.
1-6). IEEE.

Qi, K., 2014, December. Research on variable pitch wind turbine control system. In Power and Energy
Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2014 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Suryanarayanan, S. and Dixit, A., 2005, June. On the dynamics of the pitch control loop in horizontal-axis large
wind turbines. In American Control Conference, 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 (pp. 686-690). IEEE.

Zhen, C., Shukai, C., Ming, L. and Jianguo, W., 2015, May. Design and implementation of the pitch control
system for horizontal axis tidal turbines. In Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2015 27th Chinese (pp.
4078-4082). IEEE.