Hydrochloric acid

Aim of experiment:
1- Prepare a specific volume of a solution of hydrochloric acid
concentration of a certain way of mitigation.
2- making a dilute solution to use it in other reactions.

Theory:
Preparation of 0.1 n HCl
Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly used standard
acid for volumetric analysis. Dilute solution of the
reagent are stable and can be used in presence of most
cation without complicating precipitation reaction .
A standard acid solution is ordinarily prepared by diluting
an approximate volume of the concentrated Hydrochloric
acid and standardizing it against a primary standard
base.
Reagents
1-Concentrated (Conc) HCL
2-Distilled water
Equipment’s
1-Volumetric flask (250ml)
2-Graduated cylinder
3-Beaker
4-Washing bottle
Procedure
Prepare (250ml) of 0.1 N HCl solution from a
concentrated Hydrochloric acid as follows .
1-calculate the normality of Concentrated acid from the
information written on the bottle , percentage of HCl the
specific gravity and the molecular weight

N=
2-transfer the required volume of the concentrated
Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
3-dilute with Distilled water to the mark.
Sodium carbonate

Aim of experiment:

1- Prepare a specific volume of a solution of sodium carbonate

concentration of a particular dissolving a specific amount of
solid material in a defined volume of the solution.
2- Making a dilute solution to use it in other reactions.

Theory
Preparation of 0.1 N sodium carbonate .
sodium carbonate : sodium carbonate is frequently used
as a standar for acid solutions primary standard grade
sodium carbonate is available commercially it can be also
prepared by heating purified sodium hydrogen carbonate
between 270 to 300 C for 1 hr .
0
2NaHCO3

Reagents
1- sodium carbonate (Na2Co3).
2- Distilled water

Equipment’s
1-Analytical balance .
2- watch glass.
3- Beaker.
4- Glass rod (stirrer).
5- Volumetric flask.
6-funnel.
Procedure:
Preparation of 0.1 N sodium carbonate (Na2Co3) .
1- calculate the weight (in grams) of pure Na2Co3 needed
to prepare 250 ml of 0.1 N concentration .
2-weigh out an accurate weight of Na2Co3 close to that
calculate quickly , so that no time is allowed for the salt
to absorb moisture from air .
3- Transfer it quantitatively into a small beaker with add
small stream of distilled water .
4- - Transfer the solution after complete dissolution into
a 250 ml Volumetric flask washing the beaker many times
and adding the washing into the Volumetric flask .
5- complete the volume with distilled water to the mark .
Results and calculation:

HCl (0.1 N) 200ml

N=

N=

N=11.472
N1V1=N2V2
(11.472)*V1= (0.1*250ml)
V1=

V1=2.179

Results and calculation:

Na2Co3 (0.1 N) 250ml

N=

0.1=

0.1=
W=

W=

W=1.325

Discussion:
1-You cannot use hydrochloric acid(HCL) Concentrated ?
- Because they are dangerous materials cause burns to body.
2- Why add acid to the water and not the reverse?
- So as to prevent volatilization spray acid, which can cause
burns.
3- Prepare a solution of sodium carbonate and the weight of 1.3
g of sodium carbonate powder in sensitive balance, and then
dictated Volumetric flask but rather distilled water to( 250 ml)
and then added sodium carbonate powder and mix well to
increase the spectrum of homogeneity where the sodium
carbonate solution.
4-Hydrochloric acid is diluted by distilled water is measured as
2.3 ml of hydrochloric acid in a strong cylindrical tube is then fill
the volumetric flask with water, distilled water, but the volume
of 200 ml is then concentrated hydrochloric acid added to
distilled water to mitigate the interactions used in other.