Penyelidikan Tanah

Tanah?

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 Fungsi Pondasi…
Menerima beban dari
bangunan atas (upper
structures) , memikul,
melimpahkan & meratakan
ke lapisan tanah di
bawahnya.

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 Dense Sand Soft Clay

Dense Sand 3
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 Leaning Tower of Pisa
Kesalahan menjadi monumen!

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 Limit States

Serviceability Ultimate
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 Foundation Failure

Rotational Failure Force

Soil Heave Resistance

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 Kriteria Perencanaan
(Design Criteria)

1. Daya dukung ijin ≥ tegangan yang

terjadi atau angka keamanan
terhadap keruntuhan geser cukup
2. Penurunan yang terjadi ( total and
differential settlement) masih dalam
batas yang diijinkan
3. Aman terhadap pengaruh luar
misalnya penggerusan, dll

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 Tujuan Penyelidikan Tanah

1. Menentukan jenis dan kedalaman pondasi

2. Mengevaluasi beban - daya dukung pondasi
3. Memperkirakan penurunan
4. Menetukan potential problem misal : tanah
ekspansif, tanah mudah longsor, (collapsible
soil) dll.
5. Memperkirakan air tanah
6. Memperkirakan tekanan tanah lateral misal :
untuk dinding penahan tanah
7. Menentukan cara pelaksanaan ( construction
method )

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 Penyelidikan Tanah untuk Pondasi

Geo-Laboratory Design Office

soil properties
~ for testing ~ for design & analysis

construction site
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 Pengujian Tanah (Soil Testing)

CONE PENETRATION TEST

(CPT / SONDIR)

STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST (SPT)

PLATE BEARING TEST

FIELD VANE SHEAR TEST

DLL.
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 Sifat Tanah
1. Sifat fisik (physical properties)
 Ukuran butir
 Liquid limt & plastic limit ( batas atterberg)
 Kadar air
 Unit Weight ( γ ), Specific Gravity Gs
 Dll.
2. Sifat mekanis (mechanical properties)  parameter kuat
geser c, φ.
 Unconfined compression test (uji kuat tekan bebas)
 Direct shear test (uji geser langsung)
 Triaxial compression test (uji tekan 3 sumbu)
 Vane shear test
3. Sifat kemampatan (compressibility characteristics)
 Uji konsolidasi (oedometer test)
4. Sifat hidrolis (hydraulics properties)
 Uji permeabilitas (constant head & falling head)

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 Pengujian Tanah

Pengujian sample tanah di Laboratorium

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 Pengujian Tanah

Pengujian sample tanah di Laboratorium

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 SPT: Automatic Trip
Hammer

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 Field Drilling and Sampling

Air or Mud
Rotary Drilling

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 Angle Drilling

Assess geologic features

(dip, strike, joints, etc.)

Foundation testing for
bridge abutments.

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 Confined Access/ Interior Drilling

Limited Access
Drill Rigs are
small in size, but
have the torque of
many full size truck
rigs.

Capability, boring
depths, size, etc.
vary

Esp. useful for
remedial sampling

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 Offshore Drilling/ Barge Rig

4Exploration for
abutments,
bridges,
docks, etc.

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 Drilling: Continuous Flight Auger

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 Drilling & Sampling
Hollow Stem Auger

 Casing with outer spiral

 Inner rod with plug/or pilot
assembly
 For sampling, remove pilot
assembly and insert sampler
 Typically 5ft sections, keyed,
box & pin connections
 Maximum depth 60-150ft

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 Drilling & Sampling
Hollow Stem Auger

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 Boring Locations

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 Profil Tanah

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 KEDALAMAN BOR
JUMLAH TINGKAT/LANTAI
LEBAR BANGUNAN
1 2 4 8 16

KEDALAMAN BOR
(m)
(m)

30,5 3,4 6,1 10,1 16,2 24,1

61 3,7 6,7 12,5 20,7 32,9

122 3,7 7 13,7 24,7 41,5

UNTUK BANGUNAN RUMAH SAKIT DAN PERKANTORAN, SOWERS AND SOWERS

(1970) MENGUSULKAN :
Db = 3 S0,7 UNTUK BANGUNAN BAJA RINGAN DAN BETON SEMPIT

Db = 6 S0,7 UNTUK BANGUNAN BAJA BERAT DAN BETON LEBAR

DIMANA :
Db = KEDALAMAN BOR ( m )
S = JUMLAH TINGKAT/ LANTAI

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 JARAK LOBANG BOR

JENIS PROYEK JARAK

(m)
BANGUNAN TINGKAT 10 - 30

BANGUNAN INDUSTRI 1 LANTAI 20 - 60

JALAN RAYA 250 - 500

PERUMAHAN 250 - 500

BENDUNGAN DAN TANGGUL 40 - 80

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 Kedalaman & Jarak Bor

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 PROFIL TANAH

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 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

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 Standard Split Spoon Sampler

 Thick wall (0.25in) cylinder

 Sampling tube is split along the length
 Hammered into the ground

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 SPT Correction Factors
E m C BCS C R N
N 60 =
0.60
• hammer efficiency (Em) …. Table 4.3
• bore hole diameter (CB)…….Table 4.4.
• sampler correction (CS) ……Table 4.4
• rod length (CR) ………Table 4.4

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 Cone Penetrometer

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 CPT Truck

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 Crawler Type CPT Truck

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 Typical CPT Data

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 Texas Cone Penetrometer
Design Charts

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 Hubungan Konsistensi Lempung-Nilai
SPT N

KUAT TEKAN BEBAS

N KONSISTENSI
qu (kN/m2)

0-2 SANGAT LUNAK 0-25

2-5 LUNAK 25-50

5-10 SEDANG 50-100

10-20 KAKU (STIFF) 100-200

20-30 SANGAT KAKU 200-400

>30 KERAS (HARD) >400

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 Hubungan N - Kepadatan Relatif, - Φ
Tanah Pasir.

KEPADATAN RELATIF
N Φ(o)
Dr (%)

0-5 0-5 26-30

5-10 5-30 28-35

10-30 30-60 35-42

30-50 60-95 38-46

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 Hubungan Nilai N - φ

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 Hubungan Penyelidikan Tanah-Biaya

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 Laporan Penyelidikan Tanah
1. Skope penyelidikan
2. Deskripsi rencana bangunan
3. Deskripsi lokasi
4. Keadaan geologi
5. Detail eksplorasi lapangan (jumlah,
kedalaman , jenis boring)
6. Deskripsi lapisan tanah
7. Kondisi muka air tanah
8. Rekomendasi pondasi
9. Kesimpulan dan batasan penyelidikan
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 Lampiran

Peta lokasi

Denah lokasi boring

Boring log

Hasil uji laboratorium

Grafik lain yang perlu

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 Rekomendasi Pondasi

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 Denah Lobang Bor

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 Profil Tanah

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 Belajar

Jangan tunggu sampai menit terakhir.

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 Exams

My mama always said, “Exam is like a box

of chocolates; you never know what you
are gonna get”

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