Sol. Sameer Bansal PDF

For JEE (Main & Advanced)
& ALL OTHER ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS
I G. R. BATHLA PUBIICATI0HS PUT. LTq.

II HEERUT.BEIHI.IIYDERAnAD.l(olltaTr'HUHBAI
Chapters
a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer I

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type I l1
a Exercise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers t8

o Exercise-4 : Match the Columns TYPe 23
o Exercise-S : Integer Answer TYPe 27
a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 38
o Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 51
o Exercise-3 More Than One Correct Answers 57
a Exercise-4 Match the Columns Type 6l

o Exercise-5 Integer Answer Type 66
a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 81
a Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 95
o Exercise-3 More Than One CorrectAnswers 105
o Exercise-4 Match the Columns Type 116
o Exercise-5 Integer Answer Type t22
a llxercisc- I : Only One Correct Answer 146
o Exercisc-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 1s8
o Excrcise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers 162
o Fxcrcisc--l : Match the Columns Type 166
o I,xcrcir.i-5 : Integer Answer TYPe 168

+'
(x)
a Exercisc-l : Only One CorrectAnswer 176
o Exerc,se-2: Linked Comprehension Type 184
a Exe..cise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 187
a Exercise-4 : Match the columns Type 188
o Exercise-S : IntegerAnswer Type 190
a Exercise-l : Only One Correct Answer 196
a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension TYPe 221
f Exercise-3 ; More Than One CorrectAnswers 234
a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 245
a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 2s4
a
a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer 282
a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 298
a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 317
a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 325
a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 328
a Exercise-1: Only One Correct Answer 347
e Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 3s5
a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 360
a Exercise-4 : Integer Answer Type 364
a Exercise-l: Only One Correct Answer 368
a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 377
o Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 382
o Exercise-4: IntegerAnswer Type 384

413-421
422-428
iii:t,:i
:' :t: ,,
;l .:: : i,,,:I ::
l
&
g
H
&:
-S* L
Functionsi L
Only One Correct Alrswer

f3,
1. wehavef(r)=l;,_, _8,
x <o R)
!
+ r,.ri(Asss"(e-')=1vre
Ciearly f(r) is many one.
For r > O, f@) is decreasing, hence range of fk) fot x > 0 is
(- *, 3)
.'. Range of the function flr) is (- *, 31, which is subset
of R'
Hence, / is neither injective nor surjective'
Ans'
2-LeLr'- x2+2x+o ...(i)

" *' + 4x +3a
(3aY ...(ii)
=(y -1') x2 + (4Y -2)x + - n) = 0
If range (ii) must be real for all y e R.
of Eq. (i) is -R, then roots of Eq.
=(4y -D2 - 40 -1)

(3cr.Y - a)20 v Y e R
...(iii)
=(4 - 3a) v2 - 4 0 - a) Y + (1 - a) >0 v Y e'R
Now, Eq. (iii) is true V y e R,if 4 - 3a > 0 = o'+3
and16 1-d2 -4@ -3a)(1 -o.){0
If 12 + 2.x + a = 0 and x2 + 4x +3a =oi
I
.=>a(a-1)<0 have a comrnon root then o = 0, 1.

I
So, range of/ is not equal toR. I

l
Hence,weget0 <o<1. Ans.
Sincef12+t)=f(2-t)
Function is symmetric about the line r =2
=
2 GRB Proble ms irt Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Also, 12 + bx +c =0 is symmetric about

x=-bl2
-b2=2=b=-4
f(x)=x2 -4x+c
Now, 3 graphs are possible.
In (1) and (2)'c' is positive and in (3) 'c'is
negative.
flO)=c
Let c is positive.
Now, fll)=c-B
f(2)=c-4
f('4) = c
say c =3
then /(1) = 0; f(2) = -r; f'(3) = 3 f(Z) </(1) < /(B)
=
Again c is negative. Let c = - 3
f(t) = - f(2) = - 7; f(4) = -
6; 3
f(2) < f(r) < f@) =(B) Ans.

Also, if c = 0 the statement'B'is true.
Note: If musthave minimum value rr.x=2 as l is closed to 2 orcomparetl ro 4
=B
4. Given, f(x) =
"fl:!1)
I, x_9 )
Clearly, domain of f(x) =[-7, -) - {9).
rk
flr) - (r-9)(.,fx -la (Rationalise)
+7
Now, = -4.-
+7 +4\
",lx+7 +4
So. range of f(r) is
[r, ; ] {;}
Hence, range of y =sin (2/(r)) is (0, 1l Ans.
{#}
b. fG)= sinx;0 <x<I
2
,2 <x <2n
=1:I
8(r)=0;0<r<n
Functions D
= sinr ;Tt < x <y

2
o-
=-1:!'sx<2n
2
h(x) =0;0 ax <!

-o-
=11-1 <f<9"
22
^3n
=l'Y)-
2
Hence, the range of hk) is {0, 1, 2}.

6. Wehavel2.x2l+*-n=O
+ r has to be an integer.
:) n =2x2 + x = x (2x +1)
.'. rL car,be 21,36, 55, 78 corresponding to x = 3, 4, 5,6.
Hence, sum of all possible values of n is equal to 190. Ans.
Note : If x is negative also rhen ansu'er is 435.
7. Wehavey =py-xzy+!=x- 1=x2y+x-y(p+1)-1=0

p-.
As, r e .8, soD >0 =L+ 4y ty@ +1) +il >0 + 4y'(p +1) + 4y +120
Since, t *lr ,, -1.1
Al
So,4y2tp +7t + 4y+1 <0 o y. [-r, +-] =(2y+1)r + 4yz p.O

L3l
+ .,<-1-l('z-r:]l'o''-L l-l
zy .J r. [-r.-'B_l
+7t! |
o. -{2Y
Hence.
\ 2y )1,,,,,
Now, max. value -lT)' o..rr= at y - - l and is equal to
-1-
4
p.-J=rg Ans.
4 GRB Problems in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions)
8. we have, f(x) = 4 cos4 (;l) t#l - 2 cos
=12 .o,,
I
l=li'
t+nz))
-, .".[#) = t,. *.i.r#)l' -, .".(#)
"/x-n\
=1+cos'l-l
\2i )
Clearly, period of f(x) = ,-U
=rn'
2n2
9. fk)=(lnx)2+31nr+2
( 3 -1
Inx=rxe lo,e .l-r.l--, -3 I 1
\l\ T)
f(x) =t2 +3t +2
'f(x)=ir*9\'*z-?
\ 2) 4
' ftxt=lr*3)'-'-
\ 2) 4
.'. Range of ftxti. [ -1, -
l4' I
)
qo
l'txt =-]when t = :t
, lrt x = --t = x. = g-3/z
4 22=
Graph of f(x
Now,y=(ln*)2 +3lnr+2
(1nr)2 +3ln x+2-y=g
3t,E-4t2-y)
v -3t[+y*1
ln-t= =
2
+1
lnr= -B -.,14y
-3- +1
/is[r,, ,
^,i4y
:=) x=e 2
[...oo-ui,or ]
-3-.,!4r.+L
|-1 -(x)=e
5
Functions
, I -\
+ '' zJz
Jz. sin
I0. /r1t= - ;- lr )*
' t"rom- 1 to 1
... f - Range of function =fnE,3.tEl.Clearly, /will be one-one also, if
=U,r_n] Ans.
"
.r2*-r*,'
11. Let "t'= l--
xz+Zx+r
-? (y-1) x2 +('2Y -1)r+c(ry-1) =0
As r is real, so D >0.
= Qy - 1)2 > 4c (y _ t)2
...(i)
= 4(c -1)Y2 + 4(l-2c)Y+(4c -1)S0
But we are given
a0 +12v2 -28 v+15 So ...(ii)
(6y - 5) Qy -$
getc -l =L-2c = 15-l
4c
.'. On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii) ' we J
3
c=4 Ans.
12. lt f(x) is surjective then range of f(x) must be [0, -)'
2 4x + h +1+ 10 e [1, *)
.'. Range of aiSr -
= Range of 3x2 - 4x + fr + 1in [0, -)
D=0
l0 -t2 (ft +1) =0
4-3h-3=0
-1
k-- Ans.
o
J
r"B. wen*"",(#)= r=,. Ans.

[;,, )
,2 <I
4:O<x
-1t
-r,r<.r<77
14. f(x) =
O:rc<x<-3t
2
o-
,2
-2:!!<x<2n
.'. Range of f@) = {- 2,0, 4}
GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,5. r"c,[+ .
,l
tog2trtx)l =
],* [, rffi]
= Iog zlf(il:= losz 3. log .

[, ffi ,
f@):,.ffi=fG) ,(:) ={i) + f@)
= f(x) =L * x'
'f(x)=1 110" =1001
+ +10 " = 1000 + Positive sign must be taken and n = 3
f(x) =1 + r3
f(x)=1 +(20)3 =800L Ans.
16. r=2sin21,y=2cos20
f(x' Y)
, -';--;il;*"'
.'. Range of f(x, y) is [2, 6] . Ans.
[ r<-1
''
17. Let fk) =1, - 2l- l* + 1l = l1 - Zx; - l< x < 2
|. -u' x>2
.'. p € (- 3, 3). Ans.

18. Let St*t= xF' * o* - rfrT* O-t
... [(xt = #(on rationalising]

,,l1-+{olxt +,f7+(Ux\
Functions
rxz
f(r)rr"- =o-b
Hence, K = 5. Ans.
',lx + 2l- 3i = { -',rr;u;

1 G-z-2)(r+6)t :+ t)
2) (.x
19.
'* [, x'+ 4)(x +r6)
(x (x o\
il 1l)
1
x*2,-4,-6
lx+21-31=ss"lt-1.
\ x'Z +1-l,)
2
ltr
llx +21-31=1=lx +21-11
ll-3=+1
t-
= lx +2|1=4,2
+ X *2 =+ 4,+2
x=2,-4,0,-l-66 Ans.
=
20. (p' - 4) (p' -9)= o= p = L2, Irf!-rf
lY-'1=o=2ap<4
lel _.1
lzp-\=0=)2P-1=n,'L.NCI
n
n+l
,2
I)=-
Possible values of p are 2

.'. ard .f.
Ans.
=+ Required sum = 5
21.
[1bl)
'cll 1.1].J='
1+x2 <15=*2 <14
.'. Number ofintegral values of x ate 7 . Ans.
22. slx)= 1t.r-' lrl+ 1 =sgn{S(r)} = 1
2
sin23r -cos22x=l
sin23 r =1 + cos22 r which is possible if sin r =1 and cos'r = 0'
sinr=]lrx=2nfi+:2
Hence,-10n 32nn*!<ZOn
2
--2122<zn<9
--2744<n<ry=-5 <n<9
Hence, number ofvalues ofr = 15. Ans.
B GRB Proble ms in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions\
1
J_
*4 -r2 _x
23.
." -*t - .r''e^1
+2-
x3
x- 1
x- 1
.r x 1
=-6 Ans.
(*-7]'*r+1+Bf'-1) 3(, -1)*s(,- 'l
\ r/ \ x) x) \ x)
24. x =a-lxl3*xeI
o=*3 +*
7 i
Io=I.'*I.=l 17x8\2 *
,2 L9 =784 +28 =812 ;tlrs.
r I r-I \ /I 2
,l
=lrrj
r-
+x+t/x'+7-x-t2 Jr'*r
\2
J
-x"
o
= ii- ln l2,f xz +7 x2)

2"
An even function hence neither one-one nor onto. Ans.
4xG2 +l) \' x)

+(r*r\
26. y=
*2 +(x2 +Ll2 , I rtz
t+[x+-J
Let x +L =t
x
For x>0,t>2
4t4
" l+t2 1*,
t
For t >- 2,t n 1= !
t2
o
0<y<3and"v=0forr=0
b
.'. Range of ftxti. [0, 91 Ans.

L 5l
9
Functions
27. f(*) = {r} + 1, *llx

t_ rt -
r , ll rJ--[ "
Ix*l-ll +..... li
tt
.I .l
ll+ x',)l ]l l^
' t-
l' r * 2"
l t1+ eex'z.]l
=1(00 {rl) ('.' {r +,m] ={xl,meI)
f(J5) = roo) (0.7 32) = /,1 o.z
.2
Ans.
tf(."6ll = 7.)
I.)
t)
28. A A
Ans.
fof:A-->A
29.
2o
.,f, - ,f' x<-5
r+]" -5<r<-1
30. /(r) = (p - 7) ( l1- r l+ l1 +rl) -1Sr<1
x +6 l<x<5
3-xZ x>5
x 2o-o -v1-5=x)_.5
-x+x -5<-x<-L+1<r<5
f{- x) = Q-7)(11+rl+ 11 -rl) -1<x<l
-x+6 1<-r<-1
J-X x<-5
0 x<-5
)" +6 -5<.r<-r
f@) + f(- x) = -2$-D(11 -tr1+11+rl) -1<r<1
)" +6 7<x<5
0 x>5
For f(r) to be an odd function
f(x)+f(.-x)=0Vre-R
)" = -6 andp = 7,+(X+pr) = -6 +7 =l Ans.
lq_
ffi
GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
31. Grcrups 1,1,1,3 or 1,1,2,2 f

614!
Number of mappingr = 911] *
3!3! 2t2t2t2l
= 480 +1080 =1560 Ans.
32. k2 -Bk+2=0,1t2 -1=0, k2 -6k+ 5=0, l?z -zl?*1=0

and h2 - k = 0 must be satisfred simuitaneously.
So,A=1.
Hence, number of reai values of ft is one (i.e.,lz = l"). Ans.
Y
From graph
/(r) is one-one, -l < f(x) <l
B(r) is one-one, - 1 < g(r) < 1
Thus /{g(r)} and s{fk)l both will be one-one.
I
f tS(xll = ltan-r {grxt}
7t
-1<g(r)<1
n
--J'q trurr-l {g(rt} <
4-4
_l .?run-r {gtxt) . -] tnr. /og is into.
2 n2
_ f(x)
s{fQ)} = (t\ " kt as-1<f(x)<1
"f(x)
* s-f
"f
(n' -o' ei +e I )
s{fQ)} e
L _,- , p+e 1 l, thus golis also into. Ans.
\e -e )
Functions 11
34. f'(*) =3x2 - ]]x + 7 = (3r - 7) (x - l)

(1,4)
So many one but onto. Ans.

Graph of fi:x) = lx - 2 | ; shift the graph on r-axis by
2 units.
Graph of f lfrxtl = ]lx - 2l-2'
Graph of ftf lfk)ll=lll, -21-21-21
Obviously, if the equation 9(r) = h,he (0,2) has 8
distinct solution, lhen n = 4. Ans.
fG) = 4x (l- x),0 < x <l y=flflf@))l,0Sr<1
Ans.
Linked Comprehension TyPe
Paragraph for Question Nos. 1 and 2

Since minimum value is zero hence ! = f(x) touches the r-axis and mouth
opening upwards i.e., a >0 given f@ - D=f (2 - x)
x-->x+3
f w-1)=f(- l-x)
f(-t+x)=f(-1-r)
t2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Hence, / is symmetric about the line x = - |
f(x) = a(x +7)2
Now,given f(x)2xY x
f 0) >-7 . ..(i)
r u 11t2
and /txr
'lel < | i-l' I in r0, 2l
\!/
F(1) < 1 ...(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), f(1) = 1
Now fQ)=a(x+l)2
ftll=4o=7-n=' 4
Ans.
^ (x+1)2
l(x)= nowproceed.
Paragraph for ^
Question Nos. 3 to 5
8-76-54-321
(1) Atr=5.12=f(x)=x-4
Now, f(5.12 ) = 5.12 - 4 =7.12
lf 6.tz)l =0.72 = {/ (788)} Ans.
(2) Atx = 9, centre ofthe circle lies on f(x) = x _ 8,then/(9) = 1
So, centre is (9, 1) and radius = 1
Hence, required equation of circle isr2 + y2 -llx -2y + 81 = 0
(3)
From above graph, clearly number of solutions are 7 . Ans.

Functions _13
Para$raPh for $uestion Nos. 6 and 7

fQ -2) = f(x +6)
fG)=/(r;+8)
f(v\=)
l3x. 0<.r<l
t--
14_r. 1<x14
(i)Required area=2 *! x +x 3 +2 * l't x 3 =15 Ans.
(ii)/(-89) - / (-67) + f(46) =f(-1) - f G$ + f (-2) =3 -t +2 = 4 Ans.
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 8 to LO

(i) CIearlY, S{/(r)}is not defined
lf-2+a >8andB+3>B
=+ cr>10andB>5
+ cr, e (10, -) and B e (5, *)
Ans.
(ii)Ifg =2,9=3then
- l2x+2, r>-1
f(xt = l^ +3' x<-1
1or2
Ans.
So, range of f(x) e [0, -; =Range ofg{/(r)} =14,121
(iii) For r e [1, 3] and cr = 3
Now, f(r) + g(x) =72
) Bx=E-*=2 t)
Ans.
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 1I' to 13

Two cases are possible for PQ w'r't' diagotalCA'
I : When x = AR< AS, i.e., x el O, *"lz1
Case
I I
Triangle ARP is an isosceles right angle triangle'

Hence, AP=iix=AQ
t4 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= Area of segment i.e.. fkt = @* = x2 , x.

[r, #]
case rI : when x = AR > AS i.e., . .lfr,
""f
J2 diu *l
P
ts
= CP = CQ = ji tnl1o - x)
f- I
Area of segment f(x) = a2 -t'F2a - x)2. *.ll3- , Jzol, LJ' .l
i.e. f :[0,
^li al -+10, a2)
a(_;a
J2
1x 1a
, til<a ..12
f(x) < a2
o',a<f 1(x)<nli,
,12
=+ lJia-f-ri)12 =a2 -x
+ nll
"- f-'lil =t E=
+ f '(*)=Jio+x@;
Neglecting positive sign since , ,-, G) < J2 a
#
Functions 15
f(x)=Ji"-
2
o <x <9-
2
2
A--2
2
-1f40
Hence, domain of f -1(r) is r e [0, o2 ].
For a =2
^.
t\w'
/(r)
[*2.
=..1
osx<,,ti
l+-eJz -x)2, Ji 3x<2
-'^ , liG, o <r <2
'-'-lrJr-F-x, Ji<x<2
r---.
DomainorJ/-'(il - f(x) is when f-r(x) - f(r) > 0.
CaseI z03x<Ji-
G -*'>o
=+ JI tt - *3/2) >o
=+ 0 Sr S1
CaseIIzJ2<x<2
(x) = Ji i.e.,f -r (*) e [21/n , J2]
f
-1
and f(x)= 4 -QJ, - x)2, f(x)e12,8d, *D)

Hence, f-t(x) - f(x) 2 o v r e 0
Hence, domainoff (r) = lS-ttil - fk)isr e [0,77fara=2. Ans.
The equation /(r) - f 'k) = 0 has exactly three solutions
t,
tx -
g<36< 3-
'llr) = lla2 -(Jza-xt2, L<*<o
"lz
t "12
2
l,n, g<vaa
2
/-1{xl = 1
o2,
la"-xF=. I
2
-<N<Q"
Exactly three solutions exists if +qlo = a. i.n., o = Ji

- \L
Ans.
16 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16

Graph of /(r) is
(i) y = f(f(f(.e@))))
From the graph it is clear that domain of g(r) is [0, *) and range of g(r) is
[-1, -).
fI(f(g(x))))
I
[0, -1 I l,-) [0. -) [2, -)
Hence, range of fffff@(x)))) is [2 , -). Ans.
(ii) For the domain of y = S(S(S(f(r))))
e@(f(x))) e [0, -)
::) g(fk)) € (1, ".)
= f@) e 12, *)
=) re [1,-)
(iii) 'Ihe solution of equation f(x) = g(r) is sarne as solution of the equation /(r) = r.
(r - 1)3
= *2 *2*+7=4(x_2)
= *' *6x +9 =0
= (x-3)2 =0
:= X=3 Ans.
Functions
7i

(i) Given, /(r) = 0= l*1' - l*l - 6 = 0
+ (trl - 3) (trl +2) = 0
- lx7= -2 or 3
So,r e I-2, -t) u [3, 4) = A Ans"
(ii) Every solution of set A satisfies the inequality g(r) > 0
3kx2 +2x+4(1 -3fr)>0Vre A
Case I zlf k> 0 here, 9(- 2) = 0
L,
2a
-z
-2
= 2.3k<-2=L.z
3k
) Pl=L
6
a.lo.!l
'6-]
\
Case2:If&<0
f(4) >0
48k+8+4(1-3fr)>0
= t2 +36k>0
= 1r.1.. a.
3 [],
L3 )
o)
Case 3 : For fr =O,2x + 4 2 0'=x 2 -2

.'. h = 0 is also the solution.
a=[l.ll
L3
=to,at
6.1
6b-3a=1-(-1)=2 Ans.
_1
(rtt) h r o
-..)
g(r)= -x2 +2x+B
Range of g(r) is
whenxeA
:-l- 2, - 1) u [3, 4)
[0, 5) Ans.
1B GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
More Tl'ran One Correct Answers
l. f@l= min (e', 2 + e2 * x,8)

From the graph it is clear that
maximum value of /(r) is, cr =n2
.'. [a]= ln2)=l
x (x -7)
<0
x2 -7x +L2
x(x-7) <0
(r-3)6-4)
Ans.
, (A)-1<lxl-7<4
=0 <lrl< 5=-5 <r <5
(B)/(lrl+1)
Range of f (lxl + 1) is [0,21
(C) Range of f (-lxl) is [-1,0i
(D) -1 <lrl <a
- xel-4,4) Ans.
oo
J. f(xt= 4+r-+r*
:;S(r)=9+x2; h(x)=-*2 -3* +h
(A) Range of / is (0, 81
Fun<'tions
19
(O h{f@)l > 0 and h {s?)l <0

h(6>0=+fr>0
fu(B) > 0
=- 64 -24 + k > 0 + k > 88
h Q) <0 +- 81 -27 + la <O + ft <108
Number of integral values of ft is 19
(D) Maximum value ofg{f(r)} is g(8) = 64 + I = 73 Ans.
4. /(r) = 10 {r}
Now, verify the options- Ans.
D. fr (r r = hls lftx)ll = rD{-.,

8-x-
Domain of klx) is R - lO, + 2, t2'[rl
Range of h,@) is (--, - 5)u (0, -) - {5}
or E - (t- 5, 0l u {5})
A is[5,0]ur {5} Ans.
6. P=lPl+fi,Q =[8]+ fz,R=[ft] +fa

h=|fi+fr+fs) 0sfr+fz+fz<3
Possible value(s) of k are 0, 1, ancl 2 Ans'
=+
7. (A) Let N -+ Nsuch that /(r) = 2x.Clearly f is one-one but not onto.
f :
Note : If / is a one-onc mapping fiom set e o,
(B) R -+ R such that f(x) = x3 - x2 - 4x + 4.

/:
Clearly, f(-Z) = f (:2) =f(1) = 0.
Hence, / is many one but since it is an odd degree polynomial, therefore its
range is -8, hence it is onto. _
Note : If .l' is a ()nt() mxPPillg frorn set ,4 to ,4 tlren is one-oue onlv if',4 is finite set.
(c) suppose / is not one-one then there are atleast two real numbers
x17 x 2, e R, x1 I r, such that f(r1 ) = f(x 2)
s{f@)l = s{f(x2)}
i.e.,gof isnot one-one which is a contradiction to the given hypothesis that gof
is one-one.
Hence, / must be one-one.
(D) Clearly, total number of functions from A to B =2 x2 x2 = B. Ans.
8. (A)sgn(lr] +1)=1VreR.
(B) sin2 (ln r) + cos2 (ln r) = 1 V x e R+ .
,
(C)irsin
7T
' {r}
LJ * cos-t {r}r=1v;u e R.
(D)sec2 [{r}] -tan2 {[r]]= sec20o _ tanz 0o =1vx e R. Ans.

9. y = fG) = 1-1{x)
=x
NowY=ax.+b
a="-vb-
aa
-lY) = L\) - b
|^-1
a -a'
|^-1xb
-tx)
aa .. .(i)
and f(x) = ax + b . .. (ii)

Now in order that (i) and (ii) coincide
1
A=- ...(i)
d
!=-b ...(ii)
ct
1a = 1 or - 1
tr'rom (i), a2 =L
Ifa=-1,b=b=beR
Ifa=*1,then2b=0+b=0
Hence, (- 1, .R), (1, 0). Ans.
10. (A) We have / : A --> B,
g:B --sC
and gof : A --> C
#
(Rlr ) r --l--f-
./\/r->.----.----+\
)
t----r-:--=--=--,
Clearly, golis one-one but g is many one function. Ans.

11. Clearly, f(x) =, (, - 18), whenf = 12 - x * 2l
=t2 -18f =(t-il2 -81 =(*2 -*-80)2 -81
27
Functions
f(x) =t(r - 6) (r + 5)12 - 81
f(6\=fGil=-81
andf*i. =-81
Now. verify alternatives' Ans.
12. See graph y=f(il=llrr-4x+81- 2.,t=* is a horizontal line with
intersection points, from which the r-values have different signs, only if m
> 2'
Ans.
13. Total functions = 34 = 81
m
Now, into functions = Total functions - onto functions
4l
=81-1!1!2 ! .!xs!
2l
=81-36=45
(A)r +y +z =ll(x,Y,ze N)+Y'4 Y'+z'=8
... C , = 45 + (A) is correct.
,o
(B) 10<2
-8
'o C, = (B) is correct.

= 45
(C) 3! x 4! = L44
= (C) is incorrect.
(D) 3600 =24 .32 .52
... Total divisors = 5 x 3 x3 = 45=
(D) is correct. Ans.
14. (A) f\xt=.i., '[log, t'l . : I ]ll

I \r"+r+I/l
- . .:'|l
f(- xt= sin -' [,o*-"\x'--t+l))
,14 = - ,,,,
L
22 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
/r.)
\r/
= r.,t=-t't-x)
z (x2 -t)
lB)f'(x)=-.,
' I ' , r'-, *rlf '(*','o*,'
-x +1)
,
(x2 + x +l)2
V \ '["*..')) l,"*r+rJ
"/r - |
rog
*" -'t * 1
Sin." . ,l
r'+r'+1 [1,
l3 "l
-l 1
^ I- n
f\.rt=l
;r-l
,.rt max. at
I
min. at
x-' I
Ans.
15. /(-rt = a(x - 2)2 + 1"
f(l)=2.'.a=l
f(x)=x2 *4x+5
g(lnr) =*2 -4x+5=(x-2)2 +l
8(r) = \e'-2)2 +l
r e (- *, ln 2) =+ g(r) e [1, 5)
+ g(r) is invertible function.
!=(e'-2)2 +l
e, =2 + "lT-L,z _
Ji I
r = ln (Z - "[y -l) as.r € (- *, ln 2]
.'.g-1(r)=ln(2-f-1). Ans.
16. Ans.
17. Given, f(x) = log[ax3 1 (o + b)xz + (b + c)x + c]
For f(r) to be defined
a*3 +(a + b)x2 +(b + c)r + c >0
+(axa +bx2 +cx)+(axz +bx+c)>0
= x(ax2 +bx+c)+ax2 +bx+c>0
(x +t)(axz +bx +c) > 0
=
= (r+1)>0 [..'b2 -4ac<0and a>0,...axz +bx+c>0forallrealrl
= .r>-1
Hence domain of/ = (- 1, -) Ans.
40
18. -,' =
x2-4x-b
= x2y-4xy-5y-40=O
'.' r is real .'. D>0
23
Functions
l6y2 +4y(5y+40)>0
gy' + 40y >O + y(9y + 40) > 0
( 40 1
-'-;
"[ -]uto'-)butY+o
r
y€l-*,-+40)
" \. 9l lu(0,*)
Integers which are not included in the range are - 4, - 3, - 2, - 1' 0
5
<*aiC;-t 6Cr +7Cz + 8Ca + eCn
Now, ) =\Co +
i=1
o IOCU
= =,OCU
24v=10+4or10+6
=14or 16
x+9 [-4,-B)
?-x+L2 l-3,-2)
19. gof @) = g -2,2)
t
12 - 2n, lzg)
9-x [3,4]
234
graph of got(x)
[x
+e [-].0,-8)
fog k) =lt [-8,-4)
[-a- x l- 4, -21
-8 7 6-54
-l Ans.
graph of fog(x)
Match the Column TYPe

2
*
1. (A) We have f(x) = e' '', x e [- 1, *)
ClearlY, f('71= e2 = [(7)
also x2 +lx1>0Vre [-1,-1
+ R1 =[1 ,-)
:. f(x) is many-one into function t (Q), (R)
24 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sotutions)
(B) We have, f(x) = lO -2x + x2
f(x) =
y:(x-l )2+9
Clearly from gr:aph, Rf = (3, -) and also f(r) is one-one.

fk) is one-one into function =+ (P), (Q)
(C) We have f(x) = tan5 rc[x2 + 2x + 31=
f@)= 0 V r e R
:. R, = {0} (as tannr=O,if n e I)
Also flr) is periodic function (As every constant function is periodic with
fundamental period)
= f(x) is many-one into and periodic function = (e), (R), (T)
(D) We have.
f(x) =lr - 1l + l* - Zl+ lr - Bl +lx - 41, x e lg, 41
f(x) =(x -1) + (x -2) + (x - g) - (x - 4)
=(3r-G)-(x-4)
f(x) = 2x - 2, which is increasing function
So Rf =[4,6)
Clearly, flr) is one-one onto function
= (p), (S) Ans.
(A) Let * sirr, * .P n"or* = t
ie VB
f,-u" =lT;tmin=-fi
fk)=cost;te[-r,n]
f(x) e [- t' t] = (P)' (Q)
Trigonometric function is periodic.
:.f(x) is many-one (R) + (A) + (p), (e), (R)
=
(B)Letlsinrl+1=r
t e ll,2l
f(x) =logrt + f(x) e [0,1]
fl.r) contain only one positive integer.
Domain is E
= (P), (Q), (R)
25
Functions
(C)trl+[-r] =0 xe I
=-L xe I
.'. {trl + [- r]] = 0
.'. Domain is (- -, -)
Range contains only one integer and also constant function.

f(r) is many-one obviously + (P), (Q)'(R),
(S)
(D) We know
le" le
(0, -) V r e -E
{ le'l} e [0, 1)
t{'le'l)l e toi
f(r) is constant function.
Domain is ,8.
Obviously /(r) is many-one + (P), (R), (S)
Ans.
S. (A) fsn@) = r ;Domain = 'B - {0, 1+ (Q)
(B) /(r) =t - x2 +lf{2)l= 3 + (R)
(C)r=1=(P)
4.
Ans.
o.
Ans.
't
(l + x)".
f'(r) = --j
6. (A) > 0.'.one-one
f '(x) --> 1 as r --) @.'. not onto = (Q)

1
(B) l''(x) =1 + 4, flr) increases both fot x >0 and:r <0
x'
/(1)=fl-1)=0
.'. f(x) is onto but not one-one. + (R)
1
(C) f'txt =1 - +
x
changes sign
not one-one
.'.
flr) is not onto since f(r) > 2 and f(x) < - Z

(D) f' @) = 2 + cosx > 0 .'. one-one
f(x) --> *- as x -+ * -.'. onto. Ans.

I
7. (Al frxt =l* r-l t 1l
* I l+l* -' l+ 2l- xl
2) . I 2)
Clearly /(r) is into as it will not take non integral values.
Nowwrite[xl=x-lx]
' .lt.l- l*
I 1l / 1\i-t.r-1
ii+l.t- i 1r
\ - 2/
fl.r)=1,
{
+
2l \ 2l I z)l+Z(-x -{-.r}r
-
I 2)t-J"-'f
=-Jr+'-
i 2l -zr-,r
This is periodic with period 1.
So function is periodic, many one and into + (e), (S)
(B)/(r)=.r3 + x2 +3x +sinr
Clearly onto and not periodic.
Now, f'(x) =3x2 +2x +3 cosx
=3x2 +2x+2 + 1+cosr
D<0 ,l*.y.*rr"
so always +ve
So /'(r) is always + ve so one-one, onto =+ (p), (R)
(C)
,r
'o-r
flr)='e' +- e-'
Now, if r is < 0 then /(a) = g.
So many one
[0 r<0
I
f(x\=le'-e' r>0
l--
le* + e-,
Soforr>0, f(x)=n':-1
e"^ +l
Nowinr>0
Functions 27
r.=-=--r-
e2* -\ e2* +L-2 1
"
+l e2' +ln2r n" +l
So 1<e2* <*
2<e2* +1<-
11
->'->u.
2 e2' +l
1 , :-> 0 + t, -3- > 0, so range is [0, 1) hence into.
ez, +l ez* +l
So many one, into + (Q), (S)
(D) f{r) = nsinrrl * s;ri I rf l
\2 ) f
r
Clearly into as e "i'l'i and [rl both bounded and periodic with period 4.
"t1 2
So many one
i.e.Maiy one, periodic, into = (Q), (S) Ans'
lnteger Answer WPe
1. Range of f(x) is [0, 7)

Hence, d =7.
Now, one root of P(*) is less than 1 and other root greater than2.
Hence, P(1) < 0 =2L -3m <0 +m >7
and P(2) < 0 + 24 - 2m< 0 + m >t2
Hence, m >12.
.'. Least integral value of m is 13.
+ (&-5)=8. Ans.
2 r2+ p 36
2. Case I :When P -
2
f(2) =8
+ 4-2@-2)+3P-2=8 +P=2
CaseII:When P-2 12=p>6
2
_D
=g = -(P-D2 -4tgP-zl -r
4" 4
-p2 -4p+4-l2p+8 =-oL

* p2 -16p + 44 =O
rc t.F56 -t76 _16+4.,i5
p= =gt2Jb
2 2
p =8 +2J5
p =B - 2JB (rejected)
2B GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
.'. Sum of values of p is

2 +8 + 2rB =10 + =m +,,1i
n "80
=20 =2 Ans.
m10
3. We have, /(r) = x(x + 1) Q (r) + (ox + b) '..(i)
qi"iil, .'',lRJ*ild",'
Put r - 0 and x = -l in equation (i), we get
b=0 ...(ii)
and -!=-a+b ...(iii)[As/(O)=0andl'Gl)=*ll
.'.rr=1.6=0
So, r(r)=axtb=x
Hence, r(10) = 10. Ans.
j
4. frt, = 3*' i-lli'It t n: J :f(xt =s + ** + n :
l+x' l+x'
.,_Qrmx*tt-3
- 1-l-'
for y to lie in [- 4, 3)
mx+n-3<0Vre.R
This is possible only if m = 0.
-a
When, m=}theny=3+ " "-
l+x"
Note that n -3 <0 (think !)
n<3
If -+ -,.Ir,.,.* J 3
r
Now y,o;r, occurs at x = 0 (as 1 + n2 is maximum)
./min =3+n-3=n+n=-4 Ans.
72n -!n2
Alternativr) r y = .
-t2
x2(y -B) - mx + )t - n =O
xeR
D>0
*'-4t.y -g)(y-r)>o
*2 - 4{1,2 * tly -3y +3r) >0
Ly' - 4y (n +3) +12n - *2 <0 ...(i)
Functions
29
Also given (y+4)(y-3)<0

yz +y-L2<0 ...(ii)
4 4(n +3) ]r}n - m2
Compare Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = - =
i , --12
:+ m=}andn=-4 Ans.
5. /tfl=a+b+c
f(-D = 4a -2b + c
Hence f(D - fG21=$(b - a)
u=t##=Tay*r=;rta
/(1)
Hence, ,Err;.,. occurs when l'G2'l =0-
Hence, En i.,. = 3 . Ans.
Aliter : f(x) >0 V r =o >0 and b2 - 4ac <0
".91
4a
a+b+c)a+a*b]
4a
4a2 +4ab+b2
a+b+c2
4a
Since b-a>0
a+b+c 4a2 +4ab+b2
b-a 4a(b-a)
_(2a + b)2 -
4a$ - a)
a(b - a)
Using A.M. > G.M. on 3a andb - a

,3a(b - a)
-, Ans.
ab-a)
Equality holds when 3a = b - a
4a=b = b=c=4a.
6. For tangency, x2 - I = x -4,

x-
,
9l:lx al
1J,-L- u2 - u + a -9 -0
PutD=0=1 -4a+36 -0
37
A=-
4
_J'qry
lilty A=-
4
...For4 distinct solution. ,.(

uruLrurr,--[ -!,n r -g1l, (-B,B)., f a, {'\
, \ 4)
Hence, number of integers are 17 . Ans.
7. We have f'(x) =3x2 +6x + 4+ b cosr - c sinx
Now, for to be one-one, only possibility is
/(r) /'(r) 20V r e ,8.
i.e.,3x2 +6x + 4 + b cosx* csinr >0 V r e .B
i.e.,3x2 +6r + 4 >c sinr - b cosr V r e R
i.e.,3x2 +6r+ +>^lU' +"2 v xeR
r.".,rfr* <B(x2 +2x+L)+1v xeR
i.r.,^p ** s3(x +1)2 +1vre .E
= 6";7 slvre .B
= bz +c2 <l-vre .B Ans.

8. Since range contains exactly 3 distinct values
ffi)
(t ( i)
5:
UV
.. 'c,
"
[_i! 1 + !l , r!= 1500.
lM!3!2! |212!21)
_
So, N =-- 1500: Ans.
300 300 =5
----[*]
e. case t zrf x < 0 then [9'l .ru [+lt. - ve hence [9-l -,. [4-l can never be equat to S
L*l L*.1 Lrl
CaseII:Ifr>0
Functions 31
we have
3-
r
.!.f ; [ql [t
LJ_l= Lx l
I
Since or[!l ,"d [4j is an integer.

"u.r, lrl Lx_l
.'. 3 possibilities are there :
,,, = o and
[:] [i] = '
= land = - A"[ql*[1] =s
",[;] [*] L*,1 L*.1
,r,[:] =2and[1] =,
+o<3<r
lrl =o
No*,.ir[l] =0.1.1 =x>3
x
- 141 - - -4 ^ 7 x -\ 2 -4
Lr-l x64535
These two equations are not possibie. Hence no solutions in these cases.
-'""'--Lr,l=r
No*.r[9-] -t<1.2
x =!.1<r
2 3 =].r<s
2
and l!1=+ =4<!.s

x 5 44 -!.r<t
=!.*<L
Lrl 5
not possible simultaneously + no solution

.)
Againif[q-l =2
=2a1.3 =+1.:=1
--o-'Lrlx332 =1<x<92
/-
and [1] =B +s<!.4
x =!.,'<!
4 43 =1<r<j
Lr-l o
J
Commonsolutiont.*<!
r)
r t-l
Hencerell.:l
I ol \ .)_l
.'. a =1,b = 4, c :3; .'. a + b + c + abc =1+ 4 + 3 +12 =20 Ans.

10. Product of tw<l integers is prime if one of them i-' 1.
No* - [,L.- 1l
2)L[, * 'l i= to be prime.
2)
case r : Let[, - f'l =r and [x * tl =z

- L 2) 2) I
ao GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
1<x-l22
.2rrrd2.*+L.3
!=*.!u,d1=r.!
2222
Hence. r. [q. q) ...(i)
12 2)
CaseII : Let[x - ll =
l2)'1 -1and[, 2) -,
*'--] = (we will find no solution)
Case III : Let [, n ll = t and [* - L) =, (we will find no solution)

|2l L2)
Case fV : Let [, * !-l = -l and[* - ll = - z
l2)lz)
- i-ax+l.Oand-2<x- 1.-r
22
-9.r.-lurrd-1=r.-1
2222
' [-q. -
Hence.r. ll ...(ii)
12',2)
FromEqs.(i)and(ii),re [-1,-1t i3 5\
L 2 z)ulz'r)
:. *l + xl + *2, + xZ =?r.I*? *'i =T =r, Ans.
11. fk)=lVxe R
g(1)<0Vxe,R
2-3(k+L)+3k2 +k<0
= 3h2 -2k -t<0=(3A +1)(ft -1)<0
t_1
= a.[-l.r]
\3') Ans.
12. :_*!-t'*(gra
R,a)=ax+b
Hence x2oo7 - ek) .@2 - Bx + 6) + ax + L
x2oo7 - e@) . e -2) (x - B) + b ...(i)
"::B (r)
NowR(0):b=?
Putr=2inEq.(i)
2a+b*22007 ...(ii)
DO
Functiorts
Putr=3inEq.(i)
3a+b-32007 ...(iii)
Eq. (iii) - Eq. (ii) gives

o2007
A=,7^2007-/.
Now b _22oo7 _2a=22007 -Z{Bzoo7 -22007)=22oot +2.22007 -232007)
=3.22007'2.g2oo7 = 6 122006 - 32006]
I = ab (a" - b" )
2006
__
Z .g 122006 _ 3
Hence a =2,b =3;c = 2006

Ans.
.'.a + b t c =2 + 3 + 2006 =20LI
f3. f(1) =l+b+c
f(S) =25 + 5b + c
f(g)=81 +9b+c (i)
Now f@ -2f (9) =32
(5) + f ...
Since l/(r) I<8 for all r in the interval [1, 9], we have
l/tti 1< 8;l/(5,tI < 8;l/(e) l< 8
Now from Eq. (i),

32 =l /G) - 2 fG) + f(e) | < I F (1) | + 2 | fG) I + I f(el I < s2
f(1)=f(9)=8;fl5)=-8
i.e., b+ c +1 =8;9b + c + 81 =8;5b + c +25 = -8
The only pair (b, c) that satis{ies the condition when b = -10 and c =
17
Ans.
+ 1 ordered Pair.
14. xlxl - 5x + 2x - 2lxl* 6 = 0
lrl(r - 2)'3(x -2) =O
(trl - 3) (r - 2) =0 )x =2 ot[x] = 3 =r e [3, 4] U {2}
(a_ 3)x2 +2(a+3)r-Bos0
,*' -3x2 +Zax+6r -Bo <0
o*' -Zax -3x2 +6x + 4ax -84 (0
ax(x -2) -Zx(x -2)+ 4a@ *2) <0
(x -2)Lx(a - 3) + 4ol <0
Caselza-3>0=+a.>3
-4o a4=- 4a>1a-lZ
a-3
8a312-o=12
No solution
d+ GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
CaseII:o-3<0
-4a <2
-a-3 =-4a>2a-G
6>6a+a<1
.'. Greatest integral value of a is 1.
.:
15. f(d = ,G** , ; i-"rr'; - !tr# ,;Zs"',

= r[-', n 4 - 4 .i"', - nG{. i4;P;
=2 -sin2 x-(2 -"os2r)=cos2r -sin2 x=cos1x,
g(sin 2/; = .irr, + cosf
(g(sin 2t))2 =1+ sin 2f
= g(sin 271= ,[1+ si2t
g(x)=.,[-" -1<x<1
Now, g{fi)\ = g'(cos 2 11 = u[ + cos-27
= ',4lcosr l
.'. Range of S{/(r)}is [0, "E]

a2 +bz =2 Ans.
(y secr - sinr)2 = sin2, + I

2
y2O. +tan2 x) -2ytan* =L
2
y'tun'x -Zytanr + y2
"2-L =O
tanre R.'.D>0
4y'-4 -u'(n'-!'l
l" el =o \ -/
t-(n'-1)
\" ,I \. -/ =o
,'-9'o
-2
( t,>\t ,{D\
ly-I llv+f9 l<o
f" 2)\" 2)
fr;t;
ttdtd
'- L Vt'!t
ar- I I
-
Hence, number of integers are B i.e.{- 1, 0, 1}. Ans.

lylrtylt JJ
17. Let x_r__F_r_t._+,E

2..,6! z.'6X zJs! z.ls
*=LrF-==>!2x'+r*6=o
X=
-ttrtt+288 -1 t17 16
24 24 24
2
""3
r ) \ , t\
. f'r. n,,'rl-7 "> [ ll.an
3.65 + log*"''3r I -:2)l=1 - f t3.15t =]
l'(3.15) = f(3.15 -2) = f (1.15) - f(1.15 -2) = / (- 0.85)
But f is odd function.
/(3.15) = - f(0.85)
/(0.85)=-/(3.15)=-1
18. m-'C^.4t=5t=Total
When exactly 2 elements of A maps to itself l.e.
I
f(3) = 3, f(4) = 4 I 2
2 J
From 5,6,7 select any 2 in 3 C, x2t = 6
.'.
J 4
When exactly one element of A maps to itself say 4 5
6
fl3)=3
Now 4 can be map in 3 ways and remaining elements 3 x 2 = 6.
'cr*3x6=36
Total =36 + 6 = 42 = 5!- 42 ='78 = m
n ='c, .'c, .'c, .2ct =lG. Ans.
19. For r-intercept rr = 0
ll*-rl -ol=3
l* -21-o= 3or -3
=) l*-21 =o+3oro-3
For 3 r-intercepts
a+3>0ando-3=0 ...(i)
0r al3=0andcz-3>0 ...(ii)
From Eq. (i) o = 3 and Eq. (ii) is rejected.
Hence, sum = 3 Ans.
GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
20. N = l1q!1)'- [r*l?]. [trq,];. . . .. [rr]:r,.l.,

-- I [-r+3]
...(i)
35 I L ss L ss l I
L_35 L 35 l
rY-rru
,nr = [rs _
itl [r,
*'L'"-_ ts tzt] E91
-f"--rr,a
* [r, -
B5_] 85 _]
+
1B(38)l t_^ rsts+r_l (ii)
frs-=, ]+[ts-=-]
From Eq. (i) +(iil+ 2N =(18 -1) + (18 -1) +....... +(18 -1) =17(34)
34 times
= N =17 (.17) =289

21. f
n(S) = 53
For n(A):
2trOt)+
o *O r J
-)+Q' ))(
/':\
e
t-Q
.r-@l
1 (-,"
(9-r\G
\:./ I
c,-@<: \.:
t
. €)l].
o-t_G
3\
3-. o
o< @
o
o-c @
o
a6)
\:-/
Similarly when 1 is associateci with (2) then number of such functions are 10
and when 1 is associated when (1) then number of such functions are 15.
Totalfunctions=1+3 +6 +10 +15 =35. Ans'
nnI
r)
Functions
mx+n-3
3@2+7)+mx+n-3 :ftxl=3+--_--
22. f(x) = ,
l+x2 l+f-
mx+n-3
",-Qr
v I
-u
l+.r'
Forytolisln[-4,3)
mx+n-3<0VxeR
This is possible onlY if m =O' ^
n-6
when,m=0thenY=r*r;
note that n -3 <0 (think !)
<3n.
-, .Irr"* J 3
if r -+
maximum)
.ro* y*,r, oc.,rr. at' x = 0 (as 1 + lr2 is
Ans.
=3+n-3=n=n=-4
Jmin
l2n - m2
AlternativaZY= _n
*' (Y -Z) - mx * Y - n =0
xeR
D>0
*2 -4(v-3)(Y-r)>o
-4(Y'-rY-3Y+3r)>o
m2
...(i)
4y'-4yh+3)+12n-mz <o
Also given (Y+4)(Y-3)<0
y'*Y-t2<0 .. .(ii)
4(n+3) lln - m2
get ! =
compare (i) and (ii) we -1
-t2
Ans.
+m=0andn=-4
.. .(i)
23. f(x+9=2'f0)+4Yf(x) ...(ii)
AIso, x) =2Y f@) + 4' f(Y)
11y +
Now, 2' f(y') + 4Y f(x) =2Y fG) + 4' f(Y)
f@)
4' -2' 4Y =2Y
= fu)
=u
f(x) = h.(4' - 2* )
f(l)=2=k.2 +h=t
f(x) = 4r -2"
f'(x) = 4' ln 4 - 2' ln2
f'(2) =16 ln 4 - 41n2 =281rt2
Ans.
k =28.
2
Inverse Trigonometric
Functionsi
Only One Correct Answer

. i ---------l-
1. tan 1 *- - {tan ' .u5 r tan-1 ,[i) = ft Ans.
.) ,'12
cos 'x = I
6
=x e l- t. llandf e i0, nl
Iog,o ,51 a, *;log,o r 2t +B)* 1 log,o 5= t(r > lurrdr=-ql
5 2)
logls ((5/ - 1) (2t + 3).5) = 2
(5t-l)(zt+3).5=100
(5t-1)Qt+9=20
l0t2+13/-S=20
t0t2+2Bt_ t}t_ 28=0
t(10t+23)*Qjt+28)=0
ZN
ft - 1)(10, + 23) = 0 =t = Tort (rerected)
10
cos-1r=1=>r=cos1 Ans.
Hence, tw-o solutions

Ans.
39
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions
4. '.'sin-1is defined for [- ]-, 1l

a=A
x * y = sin-1 1+ .o.-1 1- tan-1 l=I4
Clearly, image about r axis will be x- y=! Ans.
4
t."4 ..6 * ( I tz\-
.rl)L
r" - L -'".....1u
s. sin ' ir'
\.
9 1 B
.o.-' l'o - 3 -
1 o19
J)
X Y
Now, X=Y
x-,4 = x n
J
O^- L
d-l 4
=9 + 31 =9x2 +3xa
.=>x2 =l
, x-,4 ----
. ir -Bnr2 3+x'
I+ oQ
I+
ou
=)x=0, 1or-1 Ans.
.'. Number of values is equal to 3.
...(i)
6. Wehave bsin-r r + b cos-r * =)
2.
...(ii) (given)
andosin-1r-bcos-1r=c
.'.On adding (i) and (ii), we get (o + b) sin-1 * =9! * "
2
bn afi
1.l+c
**= 2 - t
=sin-r o+b-.similarly"os-l d+b
nab + c (? - b) Ans.
Hence(o sin-l r + b cos-l *, - a+o
7. Wehave f(x)=t-cot-l r-tan-1 r+"ec-1 x=n-22 +"ec-1 *=!+sec-lr
2
As dornain of f @)is (- *, - 1l u [1, -)
(As cot-1 (-x) = n - cot-1 r)
' [. nl\ ( 3rc1 Ans.
... Range orf(ilis[i, " [" ZJ
,( 1
8. we have /(r) = sin-l
t*-h .
=
'i" l-" - r7
I x' -|3x +
"]
[ -l
\4
,--,
=sin-'l----
,
lr 3\'- *-t7 9l
I
[l'-r) n- n)
(')
. ,l
=srn.i 1 |
" I
[[.-;)".,j
Hence, ft.rr e
[0. ;], ""
co-domain = ranse fa.,, -u *!=f
4 \ -:2)l'
, *z.rz-il
'-'
[ )
Also y = - \2x + 17 is many one function.
4x2
Hence /(x) is surjective but not injective. Ans.
,r=i, zrl-
9. Given expression
- = i:{2- cos r(cos 2,1I - Jl-
tz sin l1-
lz cot rrcot 4)|
- l
- lZtl - tan -r(tan +,f * {l - cosec-l(cosec

LvLtE! u,l
\LUDEL u/[ - lllZ - oLL
.".-ir.". 6rl
\-EL w'J'
= sin-'r(sin2) - cos*1(cos2)
- cot-1(cot4) + tan-1(tan4)
+ sec-1(sec6) - cor"c-l (cosec6)
=(r-2)-2+(4-r)-(4-x)+(2n-G):(6-2n)=x-4+4n*12=Er-L6 Ans.
*:.r=1= ("=* 1)
2 1+x2 - 2--1- x2+\ < lvr e .B+c+1>0
10. wehave *=*'
So, c>-land ".*1 sl

x2+7 2
x2 +L>2c+2
So, ' 1c2 *(%+ 1)20vreR=4(2c+1)<0
_l
c<--.
2
Hence."=-l
'2 Ans.
11. Clearly, f(x\ = t=I-----
1+ 'tan-tx
N
Now, domain of equation 2(x) + (sin-l
f r)2 =o,isreI 1, 11.
(2t^n-'r+1-rl (
Now,nr)=;h-""*
L+?",.n-t x
]=;[, It
So. f(r)l-," =t"tx=-l
f(r)l-,,=rafa=l
41
Inuerse Trigonometric Functions
gs, (f(r))2. [o,4landminimumandmaximumisattained atx =0andr = -1.

4l
L
AIso (sin-l '{l
r)2 e I o, +
-1',4l I
2
.'.o-u* = x = - land o*ir =0 atr = 0'
T "t
ft- 7Iz1 I
So, ael0.-l
LI -l
L
oirtug", - 0,1, 2.3, 4
ofo = 10' Ans.
Hence, sumofintegralvalues
12. ': f is onto
_t
.'. Range of tan-1 (2x - x2 + r) should b" [#, 0]
= --. 0l
Range of ?-x - x2 + )-should be (
Ans.
Hence D = O=4 + 4)" =0, hence i = - 1'
2"-1 + rj
tB. Wehave. Iim * Al= lim
I), cot-'12'.'*T) ----- f,
./-tcot-,f,
-,i-*Lt "ot_r(2,.,
\ 2r) n-*-, \ * )
( qr \ n
= Iim
n
'i tar-l| *" -(I t 2r+7-2r
lim ) tan-l1
uo" ---!--- .zl l= ,'T: -- - l
* z''1 '2'
|
n-* ,4, tilF ,)- 3, )
= nlr*" i, (turr-'rzr+11- ta,-, tz't)
=,Ii1(tan-l(2'+r; - tan-1 D=;- tan-1 2= cot-1 2 Ans'
14. we have2n=$*2tan-r(x2 +x+k\ *=;' "tR)

[e",tu'-tcr+cot-l
=+tan-l (x2 +x+k)=L=*2 +*+k=l*xz
+x+(fr-1)=0
.'.For required condition, put D > 0'
+ 1 - 4(h -1) > 0=5 -4k>O=h' !4 Ans.
15. As, f sin-l (sinr) | = lx.l, forr e

l;, ;)
.'.From above graph, the equation
lsin-r {sinr) I = cos r has two solutions' * [+ , --t ** i;)

l2 ;]
r.)
16. '.'-^.. .ir,-lx, sin l t,, sin-lz.I

--2
2
r
= +8',8s (sin r)3, (sin-1y)3, (sin-1 ,)' =t
.'. Given equation holds good iff
srn ^r=sln'y=srn'z=_
.-1.-1.-rft
2
x-y-z-l
2x-3y+42=2-3+4=3 Ans.
17. S,, ='t'.r.,'l-'

,7n \n2 +r(r+71)
l
,,-t I n 1 )
S,, =y tan-rl
,'?, lt*'+1 rl
I
\ n n)
( r+l
-.- r \
n-7
I n - -
S..=! tan-rI n |
" 3o lt*111.rl
I
\ n n)
s,, = 5' ta.,-r ir + 1) - tan-r r
3o\z) n
s,
; - r)* (tu.,-,
= ?- t^n-,]). (*"-, 1 - tan-l
[t",,-' +)
.'. S, =Sroo =1. Ans.
18. For f(r) to be surjective.
Range of fG) must be il, ^l and hence range of y =-*2 +r +o must

\2 _l
be
(*-, -11 V r e (--, - 11.
t * _ a) = _[[,
= _ @2 _
;)' (, . i)]
_ _
))'= a.; 1- r - ]r'2

€ (--, a - 2] [Maximumvalueoccursatr = -
{'- e) =t, 1]
a-2=-1=o=1 Ans.
Inu er se Trig ono m etr ic Functions 43
te. f(x) =L* "tlxl'2) r e [-1,1]
Equation f(x) = n" =f,+ ful - 2=k

o
lxl=k+ie[0,
2
I
o<k+-3=t = -l=r.-1
_a
222 _1
22
2lai+ 4lbl= 5 Ans.
20. For r e (0, 1) ,l
y:sll1 x
sin-l r >r > tan-1r > cot' - -
; ..v: x
cot-1 .r -n=-(tan-l r) Ans. Y
: titt-trx
2
21. [{r}] =0
'" """ 'Y : - tanrx
1
flxl = (3 - x7 )7
1
tr -
=ll3-(3-r't7 | | =,
f(f\x)t
, 't''')'
[ ))
fff(d=x-1-r{x)=f(x)
/-t(so) = f(50) and /(f(100)) = 100
/-l(so) - /(50) + f(/(loo)) = 1oo Ans.
zz. s=cot 1l.9.l*.ot-,

--- I.El..ot,f 1?€-)*...-
i,zl l+t \a )
*"-'(^21=,.,,-'t-=l= tan r 4-tan-.

4 = cot-l[?]=
\2) le/ \1+4x2l
2
rz = corl(3Pl= tur,-'la-l= an'( --L tu.,-'8- tan-l 4

\4) \33/ - l=
\1+8x4J
T, = tan-t 2n+r - tan-r 2"
Sn=LTu =tan-1 2rt+t -tanr 2
As n-)@
S-=;-tan-l 2=cot12 Ans.
l-t GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
/-\ '/.x
2s. sin_11 ,l = I*,
Ir+x'j 2
CIearIy, there are 3 solution of the equation {- 1, 0, U. Ans.
24. *3 -6*2 +3px -2p=o<:'.

-\*3
Lr:21
A.M. =
33":- =9 = 2
HM =r, +=*, =\f,;{;'='
ir* *r*
A.M. = H.M. =r1 = *2 = xJ = 2
=i,,-, | 1-*al*"o., If *f,r)]-tun-'

- [1*1]=-1
xt) 2
*o- 4n = 4T Ans.
[r, *r)'""" [*, lre
25. f(r) =cos 1(x2.cos1+.irrf -rn 1=lcos' (*') -cos-1 (cos1) 1= lcos
-'t*\ -t1
(even function)
Domain of f(x) is [- 1, il.
Range of fG) is [0, 1].
b-a=l Ans.
[t-o,oe[0, 1]
Aliter: f(x) =
-r r. l]
1u [r
Range of f(x) is [0, ].1.
AI
,[-j-l=o,-'[' 1
l=t*-'[,nI2)l-tu, '
26. tan
\ +r'+3,
[r,
-; J
/ 1\llr-
"l=,u,,' 1+lr+
\ 2/\
/ 1)
2) I ' r)
[.- t)
4 )i' = I tan-' rln+-l1\ -tan ,- -l1)
' tan,(I _=- (
) \+r'+3) \. \ ,l 9l
r=l
e/
+ €-^-'f 4 l= cot ,1 ^- = (tan ' 2)

(
_1
lr'un [-4r'*BJ- 2
Ans.
tan (tan-l 2) ' -9
27. Graph of y = 4 {- 1,1)
graPh
"o.-t
it is
From the
Clear that h e (%\ 4nl Ans.
.'. Integral values of h, ate 7 , 8,9, 110, 11, L2
1
28. *2 -lB* +o>0Vre -R Ans.

1a>81Vre,B
-,4 , _(n -
8n )l= tan -12
' t((n + t)2 1)2)
29. tan-r | ,-?- -
lrn - 2n2 +5)
- tan -'r'l*
!.u,,
n=l
l
I 'rqt2l I -'(n+7t2 - '-1 , r

tan' t - i'l.l
{tu"-'
22 -tan-' l;l i.' +]tan-' l, I I I, Jl
| ..2- I Ans.
ti* ]tun-l [1+l
= n*-l. -0f = .,1 = tur-t 2+ cot-t 2
\ z ) | a
30. Let f(il=x3 +bxz +cx+l
So, /(0) = 1 > 0, f?t) = b - c <0'
So, - 1 ( o ( 0, therefore tan-1 ct+ *"-'[*l
= tan-1 ct + (cot-1 cr - n.)
fi-T Ans.
r6 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
31.
Ans.
32. Domainoff is[-1, I;f(x)=sina'+cos.r+tanr+sin 1r+cos 1r+tan-1 r

t'''@) =cosr - sinr + r".2, + O +
-_ -l-
L:J L7/''71
Hence, f'G)>0 = f is increasing = range is [/(-1), /(1)]
/(r) l*; = f(-l)=- sinl+ cosl-tan1-I2* n- I =I *cos1- sinl- tanl
44
qI * cosl+ sinl+ tanl
f(r)1,,,, = f(I)=sin1+ cosl+ tanl+ i*
244!=
::)M+m- =
fi
-i + cos 1=(A) A.,s.
22
|,1*1) .-.
BB. we have. tan 1 I + tan-r rr" ,
i= run-r l i+ l= l*)
t- ii)
r7 * 1)
Asain,trn-,
" a + ran I 1 = tar-, iU= l=tur, i 4!l =tar-, 4
tl 5 lr_7 | 148/ 24
\ 55i
..tan ,1--=tan-r-1-tan' ,23-=tan' r
Ans.
n24
34.
'fl'::l ,i[ql.]rl
r,, =Lan
tr 2 )rl-tun
) \\ z ) )
So, s, = tan-r ((t=lrl- tu,,-,,

\\ 2))
=,lrgs, =! - tun-'r =cot 1 r = l(Given)=r=cot1 Ans.
Inuerse Trigonometric Furtctions 17
BE. Let.irr-r f(r) - u (As /(r) c [- 1, 1])

2 =e€
"t
s(r)=sinrl2 f(x)
t
zl
-' (ti" 2o) + \ = 2o+ ft
,o
J.J
, (/rx)) r
= 2sin
I 2 ,l*3
/ r -l
-
/t nl/Ll- lLl
B(r) = 2sin-l ry.l-r,,,. [,
(-;) -, 3,zl \6/l-r 3l l
2n-l
e,
t 3l -,
"s(x) = [0,
aS f is onto hence.
r 6t
Alternatively : when f(x) =- 1+g(r) = sin-l I -* z) | = -;d
\
When f(x) =1=s(x) = sin-t

[fl=;
lr n. n\ i r + -n\-1. e
f^ 2ry1 Ans.
Hence 8(r) e [; ))t'e's\x)
L[-; i,1, L'' I
=
wehave H(il=|ry;+#] =
[,
-#I]L-'.,+ rfu = = *]
So.
Also, ,FI(r) is an even function on ft, so graph of H(x) is symrnetrical about y-axis.
Graph of H(x)
-18 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
8 ,.-
Note: H("r I = 3ran-'(3 -
"l L l*1,
|
2
AIso for lrl , 2, 3 - lrle 1- *, 1), so
H(xt e: t#, !)=,- +, zt
only one point i'e' x = 0'

From the above graph, it is clear th atH(x)is drscontinuous at
Range of H(x) is(- 4, 2l u t3)'
Hence, number of integers {- 3, - 2, - 7, o,l, 2,3)+ 7 integers' Ans'
87. Given expression = ,.1#)"

lLu t
=L,;#= ( * ) .l*)'.[* )'
+ .. @terms.
a=l n=1,
Sum is finite if ]- .l= o '!

(L \
ael-.-l
\r' l
. nln+Ll n(n+t)(2n+L)
38. We have, D
26 =
l=3k 2n +
n
^;^. 1' ({3k+2n\$k-2n)'\-^,--r1-
-
. ,(gt'-4n'\- sin
.'."r" '[ffi j=
srn
1 n ,l= ,= 6'
Ans.
"r1,.
39. -l<e'<1 + -(r(0

-L<x2<7 = -13x<l so-1<r<0
(not acceptable) and one is negative. Ans.

e, = x2 one solution is positive
\
,l [r - .,-=
/rx) = tan-'l tl ----t? I * *' l = turr-r (tanl +x2)
' tltl+cosz/ ,
,
From the graph it is clear that /(r) and g(r) intersect at three distinct points La at
A, B and C.
Inuerse Trigonometric Fuructions 49
4',l
41. 'f(x)=rir-' It4+x2 =rin 'l__.-l=sin-'lgl
)
['.'* ,J
['..;)
Ztan-L L n - 2tan-L L
2 2
x_
:<-1 L21
2
-1<1<1
2 2
x<-2 -2<x<2 x>2
, (^li -q\
ft"!l-2)=2tan-'|"'
''r' 2
"! r: fi - 2=06...1
[ )
=2.!-r=o
2
J =(sin'1(sinr).r2 - sin-i(sinr) = [sir-i(sinr) - *]'

2) - +
\ 4
.'. For maximum value of y, sin-l(sinr) =+.2

/- ',r2 1 *
Hence, .Imaximum =l;";) -;=;(n+ 2) Ans.
,rr-' l.r*irg
3x422"'? =:-
1+
tan ' tan- tangent on both sides.
23+
3x..rQ4 i ,1'\^ 8+9r 4
=cotj tan'-l=2-1
aau
-t-
\ 2) t2-6x =2-x .)
3x4 -
- , -,( ?a.^l)
ZLarr'x=tt+tan'l (Asr>1)
\7-*")
n+tan'l-l
.( - 2+\
[_tan ,-lr-24\f
\z )
_ ll - 24
tanJ
L \7ll .I Ans.
24 +7 =3L
GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solution's)
50
11. ' - E-i = cot-lttant1'7 - x )) - sin-' ,'=

1}
,ru,
'lt5l=-1s*<11
i
fordomain 2-x>0 =sx<2 f -r<'<r ...(i)

'r:
o=+<1+-r<"t<rj
I
,l
sin- ,
E -,tT-x =[-tar 'rtan{.PI))-cos 'l? l{T;
,'1+",+cos-,-\il14 -\io
sin- -{ rll
-,[r-=n 1 - tun-:ttant",!i- xt't ,/ l
2 2 './l - -
1(tanr) =r
tan, ' tturrr^p -, 11 = n[z -i which is true' Now tan-
r- when
.. _ (-r n)
'\ z 't)'
jtel I
- o<2-*.+ :+ -2<-x<.I--z
z
o<Jr-<:
'2:
C
4
*a
2-t<x<2 ...(ii)
."t it - Ans.
Froom (i) and (iil, the complete solution +,t7
Iz
45. Let,tf(x)=x3+bxz+cx+1.
/(O) = 1 > 0,
'2Lan- t(co"".
f(- 1) = b - c < 0 so, cte (-1, 0)'
So,,, cr) + tan-1 (2sincr sec2 cr)
') I
1 I * tun r[ zsino z[.ur, '[--f) + tan-1( srnc).1
= 2tan-'f
\sincr/ =
[ sin ]
'stt
[1-sin'a/ ct
= z(- !\ n (as sincr < o) Ans.

\ ,l = -
\ !,
sec(Stan-
1x)
= 1or- 1 and- + . 3 tan-t*' *
22
1x=0,1t,-n 1x r r =0,J5,-rE Domaine{0,J5,-J-g}
=3tan- = tan =0,:,---
.lo
=+ =
1r)) + cos-1(cosec(3cot-1r))
Now, f(r) = sin-1 (sec(3tan
1(sec(3
tan 1x))
* .o"- t | .o."" ] - s,urr-' rll))= I2 + 2 sin-
1(sec(3 tan- 1r))
= sin-
\---- \2 |.
fen -
4,. Ans.
Hanse€
" l-.
12- 2t
47. By using A.M. - G. M. inequality, we have
51
Inu er s e Tr ig ono metric Functio ns
1-r
gsi.-1, * Scos
, =+ f(x) > 2
2
3n Ans'
Hence, logrm ='*
4
1x)3 +3sin-1r cos--1r (sin-1r -cos-1r) + sin 1r cos-1'
48. L.H. S. (sin-tr - cos
(sin 1r - cos 1r)
1r) * 4sin-1 r tot-'']
[{sln-1r -
cos-1
=(sin-1r - cos ')' 3
=(sin-' r- cos-l rl [rsin-' * + "ot-' *''] =

lu
23
= (sin 1r - cos-1 t+ =!-
416
sin-tr-cos'*=I 4
sin-lr+cos'*=I 2
2"or-' * =
L
,c = cos-
1l Ans.
Linked ComPrehension TYPe
Paragraph for Question Nos' 1 to 3

1(sin 10) + cos- 1(cos 10) =(37. 10) +(4n - 10) -'7n - 20) Ans.
(i) We have f(10) = sin- -
(ii) Clearly , f(x)= (n - x) + x = nY xt [:,

12'^] -l
2
It 7l
Ans.
So. area = --XI!=
22 -
[,.*.[0. I j
(iii) As ,i.r-'trir,rl =
| ' ?
^' ,* \
ln-r,*.lr,,l
l(cosr) = x, x e L0, n)
Also, cos-
GRBP::!Wrt
ft
*.1r,
lu, ; )
Now, f(x)={ -
I ln )
larelr,n
lL'/ I
f(xl e linx 2"2I

As e (0, 3) r,
=x = 1,
So, number of values ofr are three. Ans.
f(_.x'l=fG)Vre.B
=+ /(r) is symmetrical about y-axis (even function)
f(x)=(x2 -4)2 -4
=x4 -8x2 +12 g(t): t'-8t + t2-k
t
f(x) = k
(i) xa -Bxz +L2- h=o
Put tc2 =t,t2 -&+L2-k=o ...(i)
For four distinct real roots.
Both roots of the equation (i) must be distinct and positive.
(1) D > O *64 - 4(12 - k) >0 - 12 + le > 0 =16 =k > - 4
b
(2) - 2a,o=-!-=4>o
2.1
(3) c(0) > O +12- k> 0*k <12 Ans.
(ii) )_
-Br2 +t7 )-
n.
tan ,I (r+2)2 -(r-2)2

)
.lim r=1 L+(r2 -4)2
=
ru + 2)2 - tan- rrr - 2)2)
i,rurr-
,IA r=1
= (tan-132 - tarr*1 1
,lim
l
+ tan- '42 - tan- o
+ tan-1 52 - tan-t 12
+ tan-r 6' - tan '2'
+ tan- r 72 - tan- I 32
+ tan-'8' - tar_-' 4'
+ tan- | 92 - tan- 1
52
Inuerse Trigonometric Functions 53
+ tan-1 102 - tan-162
+ tan-1(n - 2)2 - tan-r(n - 6)2

+ tan-t(, - l)' - tan-r(n - 5)2
+ tan-r n2 - tan-r(n - 4)'
+ tan- rfu + l)2 - tan-t(n - 3)2
+ tan-r(n + 2)2 - tan-1(z - D2)
=((tan-'(n-1)' +tan-rn2 + tan-1(n+1)2 + tan-l(n+2))
(tan-l 12 + tan-102 + tan-t 12 + tan-r 22)
lim
.'.
,,te7=, i
[1tri+sJ \+ - I4
-\z) -(+.0
,u,'-'l ,, ?' ,l= nl:) * + tan-r4i={,+ - tan-'+') e,,".
)\2 )

o = tu,,-'(f,). *"-'(i)=;
0= (tu.,- '9 * *"-' 9) + tan-'[#) = "

,'.2, - lare roots of equation x2 - a* + b = 0.
7a
So,o=landb=-Z Y
lz'*
(i) tu,,-'[,". (*,-'(,i"]))- ,)= tan-'d: -r,=; =
g. Ans.
4
(ii) f(x) = cot-1(rz - ?nc) = cot-1 ((r - t)2 - t)
so, range of fk)= [0. 9-l 1.
--' -----o- Ans.
[-' + -]
(iii) We have sin-1r = & (Su" graphically)

2
So, number of solutions = 3 (-1, -nl2)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 9 and 1O

Putting 2r = sin0, we get
GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 1l to 18
6) y=
yl-,-
"mrn = *g = ,= o { '.' At x =1 nrm"r.tor is min. and denominator is max.
[ 2----------
t.t
'-ii
"
L
|
(1005 - 3) (1005 - 2) (1005 -
6 --
1) (1005 + 1) (1005 +2) (1005 + 3) I
-Ll
_ [0. rrroos)2 - t)((1005)2 - 4)((100s), - g,-l
=lulr-__1_lir_l
- llr_ , ll
L- l rroosr' l' rtoosr' l' ,r00bf l]
,l J
-5
.'.u+B=7 Ans.
(ii) /(r) = tan-l(sin(ftcosx))
- 1< sin(Acosx) < 1 - of f(x\i.[- l,l]

] ...Range
t l4'4)JI
costr € [- ]-, I
kcosxef-lz,k]
but fr cosr .l-;,or)=u."
.'. Least integral value of fr is 2. Ans.
15.4*-*, ll
[,.lta,l"ot-1 '""*-* )
*""'l'""1"'
tiii) g(x) =logrr1,
;l\l "ll.I
= logu(r + tan(cot-1(5 + 4x - x)D)

.9
- locT(, *,",r(.ot-r (e -A - ztrt))
s(r)l-." - loc*(z * tu.,(cot-l orJ= togr(2.1)= r^, x =2
B(tr)l-^,
'r'd^
= losrr[snruril]l=-",
-;
\ \2)
x =b
)
55
Ans.
.'. Range is [1, -;.
f,-)=.,"_,[ffiJ
. -r(s@a + ?'tc2 + 1) - 4\
"' '[pL *+rlr"t P:

= = sino=e = cosec-l(1+ *2) =
e.[o.r
['2 ]o,.*
= sin-1(3.irre - 4sin3 0) = sin-1(sin30)
(i)
1
3n
tt"t15. = (2 + J5)d , 1=g(t6otw) =
2
1
rvGirls =[
v'E - r it < L=gt{Ginlrr =n
l.4 )
Ans.
S(h/*D=nYxeR
Domain is .R and range is {rd.
Ans.
(iii) tan(cot '[l*l) = tan(tan-1l+xl) =l4xl, x +o

g(x) =l4xl
-Both 3n
curves intersect at 4 points. 2
.'. Number of solutions is 4. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. lZ to 1g
f(x)={+cot-1 x-tan-lx
= !'t - 2tan-L x lf.'r > 0ll
4
sgn(/(r)) = 1==+ flr) >0
+ !-Zt n-rr>0 :+ tan-1 *.I
------8 =) x<nD+L
4
Possible positive integral val,ues of x are 1,2.
Hence, at =landa, =2
(i) P(x)=x2-4px+3h2
P(r)<0V,re(a1,a2)
P(D s 0 and P(D <0
1-4k+\lf <0and4 -8k+gkz <o
- 1) (k - L) s 0(3& _ D (k _ 2) s o
(3,t
e. [1,1.l ...(i) n.l?,21 -l ...(ii)

13', J Ls'
.'. Intersection of (i) and (ii) is h el ?. 21. Ans.
13', l
(ii) g(a) = '""[[,ir] ^)

-,(2.i l+cos- ,( , -3')
sec'l
Ir - 3/ 2) t,
""([,:n]"J 1C+ 3 -1s'-3<1

2
2cos-1 [t
\2) ']
-2< x -SS2
1<.r < 5
l-e*l
L _ l= anintegerV* e[1,8] -{0}
'L* - 3-l
Inuerse Trigonometric Functions 57
g(x)=0Vrell,5l-t0)
= g(r) is discontinues at r 3 only. =
(iii)
Clearly, D(r) is differentiable at all r e .8. Ans.
More Than One Correct Answers

1. sin-1 r-cos-1 r=2sin-1 x-n/2
f(r) :/{zsin-t x - nl2) so 2sin-i x - nl2> 0+sin-lr > nl 4
So domain of, fk) , < l similarly g(r) = ,^n- * - O) , tar-t * ,;

fr=l, J(,
Sodomainof,g(*):1<r < -similartyh{x)= sec-r, -}) , """-t ..;
J(,
So Domain of, t{x): (- -, - 1l u,[J2, *) so domain of f(x) + g(r) is 1 only.
For g(r) + h(x), domain will be {J2, *1,
For D(r) + f(x),domain will be null set
Forg(*) + hlx) + f(x),domainwill be null set. Ans.
f,yl=!=x=].1,,!2\t4
)c
For x=*1, !4,2!l)
For x, = * 2, t Z Zt Zf =O GPs are possible.
For rc=*4, t\Zt4)
Set of values ofyis[- 4, -g) w l-Z 0) u tl, 3) u [4, 5). Ans.
.9
f@) = tun-t (*n - x2 + ! -z*tan-l .r) = t^r-' l( *' --l1 \- +tan-l *-2)
\+l[\ 2) )
For'f to be surjective, tan-1 a - 2 = - 1= cr = tan 1
Now, verify the options. Ans.
a. f@) = tan-1 (z + 1) - tan-1 {n-L}- (tan-r (z+3) - tan-1 (z+ 1))
L ft"l =tan-l 2-tan-10-ttan-1 4-tan-r2

n=1
+ tan-1 3 - tan-1 1 + tan-1 5- tan-1 3
+ tan I 4-tan-1 2 + tan-1 6 - tan-1 4
+ ................
5E GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
+ tan*l(n + 1) - tan-1 (n - 1) tan-l (n + B) - tan-l (ru + 1)l
2, ft"l = n - tan-l 1- (n - tan-L 2- tan-l g) = {2 Ans.

n=t
Itur-'?.
I x'
x>o
t_
b. str) =]1, x=o
l'l- tan-'_,2:.
I r' r < 0
For x >O,h(f(il1=L = h(g(il\
For x <O,h(f(xll =f,, nfS.J,) = Ans.

t
6. 2tan-1) = tan-l r + tan-l z = tant-: (=:.l
\L-xz)
,un_, (_21_] _ .ur,_,Ir L)
l2v=x+z]
[r_y,, \t-*)
2y = 2y 2Y ^t 1 - 1 I = o
1 - y' T:;= lr - y'z 1 - xzl
y2 = xz i x, !, e are in G.P.
Now, 2y=x+zA.P.
Y2 = xz G.P'
Y' %'
y = -ry" ==) = x+z =. *, y, z arein H.p.
y -
^c+z
Hence, #=T=. - z =o-tc =z Ans.
'1.
Ans.
59
Inuerse Trigon ometric Functions
8. we have f,(il= r^,,1ffiJ ' r,,,f #] =
l'*!, **,)
2 3 zo s
Let .r = co" 2o where -a f,.
[o"#=e={)
... f,(x)= *,-'[];*H)= ru.,-'*{; - r)
= r - o = I - tur,-'tEl = fr(x) [o.-15s<l

\.-* 4- 4 =!<I-u=i)
4 4
4 4 [.ir+rrJ
2)
Also, f{x) =; ;cos-lrz

= fr(x)
and rda=;-1"o.-'(*\=I-i(;-'* -'.')=i,sin-1r =fn@) Ans.

z
Wehave x2 + 2x + 0t' -10) > 0 Y x e R

1(sin9) 1(tan9)
['.'sin- =3n-9 and tan- =9 -3ru
.'. sin-1(sing) + tan-1(tan9) = 3n - 9 + 9 - 3n = 0l
.'. Discriminant < 0
0=n Ans.
+ 4 - 4(n - ]r0)< 0+1 - n + L0 < > 11
1O. ct = 3tan
+) -l * t*?Ll =4tan-,13'l=*
o=n[r.,,-,7 -tun,q.l=J*,-,4] Ans.
P-tLUarr \25l
L 4.1
11. Let f(x) = xs +3x - tan2
realroot
f,(x) =Bx2 +3> 0 V r e .R=/(r)isincreasingandhasexactlyone
/(0)= -tar.Z=Positive
f(- t) =- 1 * 3 - tan? - - 4 - tan2 =negative
.'. cr lies between (-1, 0)
Now, cot-1., * cot-l1- i = cot-1o + n + tan-1ct' - 2= n'
cr 2-- 2
12. Here, x € [0,4]
Now, we have
. -rl nG\ / r\
srn t lr.o"'l9l*tan-rv=?".-r,= 1
\2) 12) 3 fe
.'. Maximum value y2) = 16 + f =
of (xz + "33 49
and minimum value of G2 + y2) = (0)2 + *=l Ans.
Ir- * l
13. ftxt=tur,-tl3-4 l=rnn ,1--tan , f.,0.rr:rj

-- -
3I1+'
\ sJ5/I "b
Hence, f(x) =o"-' af f(x)," Ans.
[f)=ranse lo, fJ
L4. 2''o"'.u G;-5+-- 21.ir, 1p 12= 1
2."rts-r
x)2
a/ tr"r"- yf - rlt' * r = r
Now, 2("o"*1',' ,lura a[Gi.,
,l >1,
. i, ,2 \2
2(cos-1r)2 G;rr; , 1_2tcos-t x)2
=1and lIsin-r t) -L) +1=1
[\
,1
(cos ' x)2 =0 and(sin-l y)z ='L+x =!andsin-1y = t
= 1
/ = sinl or - sinl
x - ! =1+ sinlorl --sinl = (C) and (D) Ans.
15. When x 1- l,
,[ ,[ , - ,1
I * tu,., -g.:)
""" ,[
-?-'] * .o,
"i., It+x2l Irnrzl'""" lil;rj
= - rr - 2tari*l x * 2tan-r * + n + 2tan-1, = _ Ztan-t x
When - ;r < 0, then sum of the above three terms
1<
= 2tan-1 x - 2tan'l r + 2tan-r x = Ztan-r x

when 0 < r < 1, the sum of three terms =2tan-11 +2tan- tx +ztan-rr
= 6tan-rr
When ;r > 1, the sum of three terms
- ir- 2tan-1r + 2tan- i r + 2tan-l x - n= 2tan-t x
So. a=6,2,-2
Ifrvecheckatterminalpointsatr = + 1,0thenweget o
=6.Z Ans.
Inuerse Trigonometric Fmr,ctions 61
16. ' f...,)=tan-'f 1--l,o*, < 1, - 1<-:i' <0,0 <t-x <1

t1-rj
Ranse of f(x) =l;,;1. r., _t; . -
of g(r) 11) (cot-L 2, rl4).

Range = (cot-1 2, cot-' = Ans.
tan-1r + cot--1r) = sin-'f { n .or-'rl
17. sin-l(cos-1r +
(z )
Fordomain- 1s I + cos 1r < 1+- l-- I..o*-1r <1* 1
222
But0 S cos-lr ( nso no solution.
Similarly for cos- l(tan- r
r + cot - I r + sin- i x) = cos 'f | * .ir, ' *'l
\'2 )
n
- l s-I+ sin-lr < 1=+- - 1S sin-rr < 1- I
222
- Iq9a rirr-lr <1- ^* - l< x< * cosl
sin-1(sss-1r)=+- 1< cos-r x <l=+0 ( cos-l x 3L +cosl S x<1
cos-l(sin-1r)=- 1< sin-r r < 1=- sinl < r < sinl Ans.
rercise4
Match the Colurnns Type
1. (A) Consider ) cot '(r2 +n+ 1) where n = 1, 2,3, 4.
)tan-r1 t rriru+1)
1
I ]1" lll= tan l(n + 1) - tan"l(n)

)tan-'[]"
\1, rr{n+71)
S =4 +Tr+To+Tn
= [trr,-1(2) - to,, ' ttiJ *(tun' (B) - tan'rzl)*[tr,' (4) - tan''rsl)n
\
(tu, 'r$ * tan lral)
1, --,5-1
= tan-l(5) - ta n '(l,l = tan 1+5 tan '23--
... zcot(-,-'i)= 2.1=3 + (P) Ans.
2
,((
(B) Wehavetanltan-'l t )l+tan-'i
-,i 1 - \l+...+tan-'l -,( 1 ^ ))
ll
l. \1+1'2i tt+2.3] \t+1e.20))
( ,l 2-t ) , I 3_ 2 ) ,( 20-19 \)
I U + 2'7) \1+ 2 3] \t+r9'20 ))
l
= tanftan-r 2 - tun-l1 + tan-13- tan-r 2 + ...+ tan- 20 -tan-1 19]
1
= tan(tan- 2o - tan 1 1)
( 20-1))| I - 20-r = 19= m.^.
= tanl tan'l,/
[ \.t + 2o.t)) r+ 2o -2t -(Grven)
n
.'.m-19,n=21
-- -
Hence (m + n)y"us = 40. Ans.
(C) Using,tan(cr +p) = rtalo + tlnp:andtan(arctan
a)=aY ae R,wehave
1 tancr tanB -
tun( ur"tur, 1 *
I r .r" tarrl
\ tura10/I
y)I = tuJu..
11
.+
=*.110! =a=(r*10)(y-10)=101
t-
xy
The following four ordered pair of integer numbers are solutions of this equation :
(11", 111); (111, L1), (9, - 91), (- 91, 9) 4 ordered pairs Ans.
=
(D) We have sin-'(si.r12) + cos 1(cos12) = - (4r - 72) + (4r - 12) = 0
.'. ln - 2)x2 +8r + n + 4 >0 V r e .R
:+ (n-2) >0=n>3and(8)2 - 4@-2)(n+ 4') <0or n2 +2n-24>O
=) n> 4+n> 5
So,zsmaltest=5=(R) Ans.
2. (A) fz@) = f(f'(xD = fk) =x
fzk)=fffz@)=f(x'))=x
=) *3 - 25x2 + l75x - 375 = 0
(r-5)(x2 -2Ox +75)=0
(x-5)2(x-15)=o
= x=5, 15 = Q,S
(B) Range of f(fff@))) is [4, 17 ] Q, R, S
=
Domain of f(x) is [- 1, il.
(C) Ifr € [- 1,0), /(r) =8(r + n) + 5x + 4x - x =l6x + 8r
/(r)e[8r-16,8ni
If r e (0, 11,/(tr) =8r + 5x + 4x - x = l6x
f(x) e (0, 161+P, Q, R, S
(D) re[-1,0]
Inuerse Trigon ometric Function s 63
l+x2
X+-=-'AX
2
x2 +6x +1=0=x=
-6t€6- = -3t2J'
2
x = 2J2- 3+l10al= O - rol = s0 - 2oJ,
[po ] I
re[0, 1]
,y' +
l+x2
=',/A
2
-
l+x2 =2x=x =1=l10al=10
lroal = ro, lzoJz - sol
tltooll = 1, 10 P,R Ans.
3. (A) -B<-8.s=-10
23 <a<2 ax2+[x+o:0
ae {-3, -2,-1,0, I+PrQrRrS

(B) f@)=xz -Ix+b
,in-'[/tfl) r
\.4/ i. d"r,r"d
gof(x)= by v
-1af@)<lvr€t-1,11
4
-4<x2 *3x+bs4Vre[-1,il
f =f(+1)=b-2
/mln I
f^*=f(-l)=b+4
=b-2>-4 and b+4<4
b>--2 and b<0 = bel-2,01
b=-Z-1,0 = P,Q,R
(C) f :R-->[-&-), fG)=x2 +6x+b
frni. = f(-3)=b-9
b-9=-8=b=1=S
(D) [*ir-'i]'
h(x) = fog(x)= (-tr-';)' * 3 sin-l L+z
\ 4) 4
T. n)
h(t)=tz +3t*2,t=sin-r{,f e I -
4L r'r)
=lr*1'l'-1
\2) 4
h(t)lû* occurs when / = ! andHf) l*i, occurs when f'=-3

2
h(l) l-;" = - 1"d h(f) l'u* =

+ .+ +2
...Range orfog k)=
t-i
,f .+ - r)
.'.Possible integers are 0, RrS Ans.
1
=
S,, = 1!+ 2!+ 3!+ 4!+ 5!+ 6!+ Tlwhere I be an integer.
S,, =873+71
!i= tz+.tt * t =+ [q"l = L24 + r
7 L7 )
,[+l =868+ 7I =s,,-
" ? []l +7D -(868+ 7r) =B
L7) l7) =(8zB
Now, sin-l(sin5) = sin-1 (sin (5 - 2x)) = 5 - 2n + (P)
cos-l(cos5)=cos-r(cos(2n-5))= 2n-5 (Q)
tan-l(tan 5) = tan-l(tan (5 - 2n)) = 5 - 2n
=
:+ (P)
andcot-1(cot5) = 96;-1 (cot(5 - x)) = 5 - n + (S) Ans.
[{r}] = 0 I
(A) cos0=rlreR
I
logl=0J
(B) f(x)=0forreR.
r€(-1, 1)
12 e (0,1)
lx21=1xn1...... = o
fk\ =0
(C) fk) = cos-l (le*1- 1) + sin-r([e'])
For domain [e'] e [0, il or r 6 (- -, ln 2)
le'l=0or[e'']=1
f(x) = n
f(x) = *s + *2 + x + L* f'(x) =3x2 + 2x + I
f'(x)>o,vreR
* f(x) is increasing
s(x) -- -2+
l+x"
Range of g(r) is [- 1, 1j.
h(x) = 2(sin-1r + tan-r x) - n
Domain of h(x)is [- 1, il and range of h(x) ' [ - s't "l

'=L 'rj'z
(A) Range of f(g(r)) is
tt'(e G 1), l'(g(lt.tl
=t/(- 1), /(1)l =+[0, 4]
a*b=4 = (S)
(B) Range of eff@)) = Range of g(x) = t- f" il
Number of integers in this range is 3.
= (R)
(c) I\{aximum value of g(r) occurs at r = 1.
hk)t" [+,
and range of
l2 :.l
2)
e(h(x))l-u,=1+ (P)
(- -5n
(D) Minimum value of rt.(g(/(r))) = minimum value of h(g(a;; = ft(g (-1)) = h 1) =
2
Ans.
lAl= s = (T)
,l
r\2(J5-1) I
7. We have f(x) = tan-' --

l*'* ;'
I l
*21
\.f/
o-
Asr2 + -\>zJs (Using A.M. - G.M' inequalitY)
3C
+ *2 +a*z>2+ZJB
lc2
1
a
u
z t'r: - ul atr2 -
1)J 2
f(r) l*.* = tan-l I = =M, which occurs I =x-34
t2(JB + t2 x.-
/(r) f.1, = O = rrl,which occurs atr =0

(A) sin-l(2./T) = gtan-'
#)=; [t..,
2^li.=a=8r=1 = (S)
J'
(B) cos-1'T + cos-l y = 3[tu"-'[tu"]i24) * tu" -,(o *,""T)l =,1H. ?]=
L \
s l19r) = z^
\24 )
*2 -x*g=o("
'B
ct+B=l
CI,p=3
Hence, u0-(a +9)=2 = (Q) Ans.
f(x) = a(x + L)'+ b
f(l) = 5, f(-t) = t
L- t-) GRB prottems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
f{x) = (x + l)2 + 1 = 12 + 2a + 2
(A) /(r) > 1=+[sin-1 (ftx)))= [+l = 1 (Q)
12) =
(B) [1+ sgn (f@))] = 2 (It)
=
(c) [t*,,-'l-Ll-l=o (P)
L t f\xt )l =
(D) [z .ot-' [ ' rl (s)
I
Lzr"'ll=S =
Ans.
9. (A) We have, f(x) = Vr + sin-lr

Clearly, domain of f(x) = [-l 1]
Also, /(r) is increasing so /(r) is one-one function.
(B) /rrr =.* [1-.8
r+
t t
\ l.r l.,J
Df=R
Rf = {-'1,0, I even function
(c) For domain of f{x), we must have 8 - ?.tc - x2 >0
x2 +?-tc -8<0
+ (x+4)(x-2)<0
= x e[- 4,21
Rf = [0,3]
o-[x]
(D) fk't=1-
2t.Y
t
-2lxl-2x -21'l=0Vr<0 Ans.
Integer Answen Type
1. ltanr - rE l* l4 sin2tr -gl*lrur(tan'rr, -;i=O

tanr = JE,"irrr, = tan(tan-1r) _ I =0
i
.'. x - Ic i. ttt" solution of the inequality.
(r
d.
ll.lo r)
tan ji.", ; ;) t." \[*t-'[ *P" +r))= tan(tan-I(lO
cot'l n)) = 10 n
t [ro; '-"'))l=
(
i
I
[10 n] = 31. Ans.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions 67
(r
l+l 1)
lx vl =tan'l-l
, / 1\
''
o"-'[]). tur-'[1)
\ v./
tan,-'f1) = tan.-1
V) l=l
\
\7)
*v)
x+y _l >7x +7Y=YY- 1
xy-7 7 =l =(7 - y)x =-7y-t
x= 7v" +l =77( y -7 +7) + 1 50

+ y -7 -x-'l+- y -7
y -7
Here, y= 99,L2, 17, 32, 5'7 are satisfyt. Ans.
E
- aor-'r, 4=,
n-o
cos-lr + cos-'
2 2 =t
-'r*.o"[f ,* -!6
3. /(r) = cos 1- 3
4
f-7)= €, - r=, €
cos-lx + cos-r, - cos-l
2' = 2
=Zcos-r-)c--6
- Tl
:1,[,-(+)')=,(*).,(#).,[#).
.r(H)
*n *I*......+I=1oon =50.n
=n666663
p-16q=50-16x3=2 Ans.
o2
sgn (cot-1 o) sen(1 + lbl)

-l
1 -- - L2+b2)
-zb-b-[
- -sa*s*[
oz - " trA_- bz ' -lr*, _,
sgn (cot-1 o) sgn (1 + lb l)
Here, t--t^l = [--t "-l =0, sgn(cot-r o) = ssn(1 + lbl) = 1

lz*"') lz+a')
o2 - 3o+3=b2 -3b+3=1
(a = !, b = l);(q = \ b =2);(a = l, b = 2);(a =2b b = 7)
Hence, number of ordered pairs (o, b,\ are 4. Ans.

-r . -1 Il
5. tan'tr+srn'x)-
2
tan-1r
' ) cos-1r
0B
ozp-
tancr 2 tanB
tan2 cr > tan2 B
tan2cr>sec2p-L
*'>4-t
x'
t+x2 >)
x4+*2-1>o
.-
liG
xel^l-
'
L! '-1'']
(1.+P;
=5+2=7 Ans.
6. We must have, 4sin2 0 + sin0 = - 1 + 6 sin 0
,4
=sin0=L1+6solutions. Ans.
'1. $ ,ur-r[ r+r-a )

fr, [1+&(le+tt)
10
) tan-l (ft + 1) - tan*1 (&)

h=1
4.=tan-1 2-tan*L!
Tz=tan-r 3-tan-1 2
4o = tan-1 I-1- tan-1 1o

12
S = tan-1 11 - tan-l 1 = tan-1 19 = .o1-r
12 10
cot(cot-r U)= 1? =6 =o =+0 + b=rr Ans.
\ ro) L0 5 b
8. We have o, = tan-1 t' +3n-1-)tun-' f\ --^-j- l

1+(3ru + D(3n-D )
\9n'=-l=
= tan-, r:gle_glr'l
[1+(3n +DBn-D)
= tan-1(3n + 2) - tan-l (3ru - 1)
Sum of first 10 terms =I ,, = | ttuo-t (3r + 2)- tan-1 (3r - 1))
r=1 r=1
- (tan-l 5 - tan-1 2) + (tan-l8 - tanl 5)+....... +(tan-l 32 - tan-l 29)

= tan-1 82- tan-L 2 = tan-, tan-1
l#*)= |l = *",(*)
= cot-r IE']= [4)
\n/
\6/ "ot-'
m=13andz=6.
Ans.
Hence, (2m + n) = 32
9. For domain of function,
- x2 + 5r +6 20+r2 - 5r +6 <0
+ (x-2)(r-B)<0
x elZ3l
= 1 [s 10.l
Now, [=.,+;=n.Lr,T.]
So, integral
"1"2
value of l. is 3.
Ans'
Hence, =9.
'(t
rk=cos-r[; r @\
Lo.
d,.ffi)
Let *=1.rd y=#[cos-rr-cos-1 y="o.-t(rv *^ffA [-l4)
[-7 - 1/--1k2 F=
t?
"l&-nc]n
k
Ft- 1-f- &+t)2

t ,lG+tt'-L-JhG+D
h+\ k+l
?p isinformofcos-' t*y+ $:A 'Sll= cos-1 (v) - cos-l(r) ('.' y < x)
4 = cos-1 - cos-1 (i)''"o"t"uting ru = 2'3' 4 """

t#)
T2 = co' ' [*)- *' ' (;)
79 =
"ot ' (1)- -'-' (*)
:::
?-
'n = cos-r I
-Ll-.o"-' \n) |,1 I
[ru+i]
sum =
,r,j:
*. '[#]- "o,-' [])= -,-',0) ""'-i (;)
-
^TCItlt
DLIfi=---=-
236
. a _n_t20r
"6k
Jn
-- k, = 720 Ans.
Alternativ ely:Tp= cos l(L+ @

I Ha+u r+.{[-D(TrXkE)
Now, y2 = hz(h+ 1)2 - ft + G - t) t{,k + t) (h + \) + 2@ I
=(k2 +k)2 -l+(k2 *t)(hz +zal+z@1

=qh4 +k2 +zk3)-t-Itn +2ler -k2 -2h+z@1
=G+1)(h-l)(h2 +2k)
=2h2+2h-t+Z@
=(k2 +2hl+Ut2 -D+z@
nz = 6{4k + D)2 + (fa - r) ta +r)>2 - z@
y2 = GIH.n + D - {k - r) (k + tD2
y={tdk+D-{E-DGTT
4 = tarr-'I |TF;a - lT-Xr;l \
t + t,fu - rxa + Dl q[Un + at )
Tk = tan-tr,fWa al - tan lt{n - txn + ul

Tz = tan- 1
dr q - tan- 1(J5)
?s = tan-ltJdG) - tan- reEZl
T, = tan-ltrFtrn + nl- tan-;1r;--;

Sn = tan-1t1Ri+ zl - tan-r(16l
TTITI
I? -) @.D.-- =- - - =_
236
^''6hit l20n
Jn
-- k=720 Ans.
-
11. f(*)will be minimum atx = 1=g(r) = n

2-2
7L
= cot-1.r +sin -1r = sin-1 --_:1

=) sin-1r + tan-1 " =X,*sin-1r Jt+rz
1 *2) =7=xa x2 -1=o
- :( = - =xz(l+ +
Jt *'
+
4y2=
- 1t !T-+ 4 = -' !& = rlli;1) = r"{# =. = \E=*rl]
2 \10/
)
),+h,=12 Ans.
t2. lVtrethod-I
^)
2nn
::::
=
2
- f(x\ = nr - fG)
g(r) will be maximum when f(r) will be minimum
g(r),ou* + /(r),oir, = nTt= 8n(given)
n=8 Ans.
Method-II
Let S(r) = sin-1r + sin-1r3 + sin-115 + '.'+ sin-1 *Zn-r
and C(x) =cos-1 r2 + cos-r x4 +cos-1r6 +'.. + cos-1'r2"
f(x) =S(r) + C(r) and s(r) = ," (:)- f@) = nn - f@)

\z)
Clearly, S(r) is monotonically increasing and C(r) is M.I' in [- 1, 0) and m'd' in (0, 1] '
.'. C(x) will be maximum at x = 0 and minimum at r =*1

f(x) = S(r) + C(x) will be minimum at x = - |
l--\
/(r)6,, = S(r)*i, C(r)*i,
+ =
"l;)* o=
+
(- nn\ lnr
g(r)-,* = rlft- /(r)*;n = nn - l. , )= ,
/{r)*,n + g(r)-u* =ry2"= ut=Bn(given)

n=8 Ans.
T2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
rs. (r"srrf?"ot-'., - r)) n orcsrr(r- tan-rxJ-, + a=o
=(,,u*[icot-rr.,J)' .,[.*,,[, r.)+a=o togu,2=-t)

=!)-
= (,"*r,[ ? "ot-', . r))' * o(roru,(, - ? ru,-,, JJ
+a=o
=[,"*,( ?cot t, . r)) *,[ro*,,( r-ilf,- cot',)).). r=o

t /, ,1r ,t2 /
=
[,"*,,[icot
- r))- *, +?cot-,,)) * a = o
[rosr,(r
= y' n ay + b= o where , =(rorrr(i*rt, - ,).)

Now it is given that equation y2 + ay + b = 0 has no real solutions so the roots of
*2 + o* + b = 0 should not lie in range of y.
So, ifr1, x2 ateroots ofr 2+
ax + b = 0 then these should not lie in the range ofy
(zcos
r.e., togv2[- 'r+r).)
xylx2erange ottogrr(?cot-1r + 1)
*(logur 3, logy2 1)
e\ogyr 3,0)
As 11, x2 both are (- ve) integral roots and e (togy2 B, 0)
So x1, )c2 e(- *, - 2l
Now, a=-(xr+x2)
omin. = - (max. of (xt + x))
Maximum ofr, + xz = - 2 - 3 = - 5
ominimum=-(-5)=5
14. a= tim i ,ur-rJ rorzn + u I

,-- #r ltz, +l)4 - 4en+1)2 +161
r
= ,--lim ltan-l
4-
n= L
2
{Using ; n4 - n2 =(n2 - d(n +n)l
= lim i f,",-' {[,.;)' * (, * 1)]- *" '{(".;)' (".;}]

,=tL
{using: tan-1 tan-1r - tan-1v v r' v > 0}
tA)=
,
= lim 'r=1L\ll
fr
!L/ lltan-
r+ 2)
,rg.l) -tan-' \4 * {,u,,-'(T.l)-""-'[?-;)]
f?-;)l
.{*,-'(? .r-*,-'(?-1)}. .
. .(, . tan- ,{[, . - .
{*"-,(, ;)' ;} - ;)' [. ;)]]
=l*[{*,-'('f)-*"'(i)}.{""'[T)-*"'(f)].{*"-'(T)-*"'(T)}
* *{*"-'('.;)' -t.,-'('.;)}.i*'-'[," .;)' -(,"., ])]]
*"'(:) ='"'(:)
=
J,*[{*"'('. })' . ('. ;} - *"-'(1)]=; -
a
E
(a2 + b2)i"u"1 = 42 + 52 = 16 + 25 = 4l Ans.
:'
15. tt"," .o,-'(i) - *"-'[#) =,
,,
-x'y- +"x'v"
f4] =oov.,- l----
49 36
= CoS0
71 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
o, *1Y-^'
=t - 4 -
r' * *'r'
rY coso
3634936 -
+ cos2,
or gxz -lLry cos0+ 4y'=36(1-cos2e)=B6sin20 Ans.

16. As, we know that
Drrr
sin-r *=lz'il
r. I
I-1,
"o.-'
ye [0,nlandsec- 12. [0, I] rl 1 -l
=, L'2) t2'n-j
So, sin-1r + cos-1 y + sec-', n+n=
= 5,+ T.
Also, / 2 - Jzrt +gTt=t2 - zÊ t * 51 5r
I - ! *en=(t- El' +_>_
't222(,'\z) 22
Hence, the given equation exists if equality holds, Le..
L.H.S. =R. H. S. = +2 =x ' ! = - 1, z = - t,t = ^8.
=1,
\z
Now, tan-1r + tan-1y + tan- l z + tan'' (9r\=n - n - n + I=0
[Jnl 4 4 4 4
So, sec(0) = 1 Ans.
17. As,[o] +t-ol=lo',if aeI
l-\ifaeI
= fil + t-
"J
iq d"Iiryq qnly for integral values of o.
.irr-t1r[o1 a 1- a1; = 0
Also, S- l"l> 0=lol<B =-3 < o <8.
So, a=L,2,3(Given, ae R*)
Now, the given quadratic equation becomes
sx2 -%lx +fl=o
Clearly, discriminant=D=4a2 _ 4 8!6_H =4(az _sfll
.'. for cr, Be B, D > O =a = 2and1.
Hence, the sum of all values of a = 2 + B = 5. Ans.
Let !' =,
x" +l ...ffi
+
x2-yxz+y 0t
,e
x--ytc'=y
q\/
l- y
ye[0, 1)
ft-. It
-</(.r)<-
42
7t
b_z_n
*___z
a1l Ans.
4
19. For x 10,
-'l, 1 r"o"
\.Jz e + sin o)l =
)
[, 1'].}, e I.
4 l-], -l
\-"-\.-- +))' -
"o.-'[.o" \4'4)
l- :r\ l
lH - - l= - - tan-lr
= - 4)
\ 4
[r - t.n-t x:x <o

f@)=14
[trr-'r; r >o
From'the graph, it is clear that equation /(r) = A has exactly two roots then
n.l ! .'2)
I) = to, b).
t4
r1.1) (+.2)_-:a :
'[; . ;Jlt = [; * )x n = 6'
Hence Ans.
+ *'_- tl - (r_' * ul = - cos-1(zr2 -

f(x) = ,rn-r(?-n = .irr-r[t2r' ]i * 1)
[ 1+r" / \ )c'+L ) z
.r = col o=ifxe[0,il=e.[o,i]
ifxe[-],0)=r.[;,^]
f(x) = !' 1(cos

2o) =
"or-
Ir
l,) - 2e,2se [0, n] = e. [0, . e 1]
;)- [0,
ln - (2n - 2s), %t - 20 e 1,,, za *u . rr,, . (;,{ =, e [- 1, 0)
tt [;,,.]
ro GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
[1-2"o.-'*, o<rS1
f@) =l2
z"i"-t x,- t < x <o
L f,-
a+b+p+q=!-z-!-z=-+
22
la+b+p+ql=4 Ans.
21. Domain = [_ ]" 1l
lr ('
fe) =1 t.in + cos-lx + tan-'' r) * - *-1)
lt (r + D2 +9
/-,, =ftrr=]*fr= fi=u *E2,Iu[=47 Ans.
lo/
22. S= $ lrurr-l 1 + tan-l? + tan-'9 *...+ tan-r19)
n n n n)
,,Ar\
Now consider
i{ tur-11+ tan-'1 * t.rr-t I *....... + tan-1Ig + tarr-r

turr-t 1 = g-vJ A
#, n 2 3 10
10o
i{ t".r- '?=tur-r? +tun-l?+ tan- 1? +tar-12+ tan- '? * ....... + tan-rZ
,7, n 7 3 .2 4 5 10
10o
i{ trr-'
s
= tan- 19
+ tu.r-'9 + tan- 1! + tan- 19
+ ta.r- 19
+ ....... + tan- 1a
#rnL234510
:: :
10
$ ,urr-' 10
n I 2 3 ---
= tan-119 + tan-119 + tan-'19+ tan-1
10
4 *....... + ,----,10
tan-119
,7,
77
Inv er se Tri gono me tr ic Function s
s =(ro -' z)*[t",-11+tan-1 a).(t'"-' * *"-'n) +"""'

i).(,*-'1+t",, ]
[45 such pair each pair have value equal to nl21
s=E
-222*45n=u9n =Zstr =+ k=25 Ans'
23. !---a.J
sin h-tc +(t+ cos2r) + cosr
!--J
>0for *t(0,{)' U""t"no solution'
2)
*r> \'
>0 >0 >0
m=0
m.+n=0+L=1. Ans.
24. f@)= tu"-'a)

ni,(.o,-'|-
r -1
= j["ot-' a" -' hl/lLl= !tan-l k + n - tan-r h= nn
ul_,(*r-'i
- ta,,-'a) +
l- k=-n
zeto
As fr
"ot-11=ta.-1
10 10
Ans'
I
= n=2 (nn+(n-1)n)= ltz"-1)r=99n
n=2
f'(*) =gxz -3=3G2 -l)

/(-1)./(1) = (1 - 3 + sin-1 (a2 - 3a+ 2)) (- 1 + 3 + sin-1(o2 - 3o + 2)) < 0
(a2 -3a + 2)) <0
= (sin-l (a2 -3a+2)-2)(2+ sin-l
J T
always negative always positive
but -1<a2 -3a+2<l
{, .?l'-[YFl'.0
\ 2) \2)
^ [s+vb]l[, _r=,6'll.o = [s-G s+"El
+aeL
_l
"'1"-["#llL \ z /.]
_
,'i)
[s-G a*,[l-|o=r Ans.
=aelra-),, ,- o
26. After rationalization.

n-,
S, = | sin-l
. -1- 1
fr =sin-1 1- sln = sln'-,1- - sln-,1
^-andsoon
z,tr
-1
S, = sin-1 1- stn ' f1 l=r-sin-,t-Ll
\n+ t) z [n + r.,J
cosS, = cosSr, =
*, #
100 cos See * 1 Ans.
27. wehave g(r) =1,

- *sirr-' k ["irr-, -4-1
L t+x,lI =, * L
=
t+x2)
As,
.
stn-1
- 2rc tl[-n nl
r*rz r'il
[.i,r-' 4-1= -2b - L,o,r
L 1+*')
Range of g(r) = {0, 1, 2, 3} for f(S@D < 0 V reE
+ /(0) < 0 and /(3) < 0
Now, /(0)<0=o-2<0+a<2
and fl3)<0=9-6a+a-2<0
a>-7
5 f(x): 2ax -a-2
/n \ ^:-
!. zl
".1\b )
n
Hence, lr, =!.k,=2
l)
.'. +3k)=14+6=20
(10 fr1 Ans.
*'=] sin-r (sr:: ])=
lim sin ' - Ii\?*r + 5) l, 12 + b j
o as.r-+-sin-rIr+3]-n
\%+5) 6
rim sin-r f ox'+ bl- n.

A=-
1
x+- [12+s] 6 2
Now,
Inu er s e Tr igano rnetr ic Functio n s 79
*ir-'fql = tan-1 1- tan -r 3 ="irr-r[!l=

4 sin-1 f +]
\5/ \5/ \Jsoi
b=L .'.b2 =!2
'Jz
a+b2 =1 Ans.
29. f.,\=f *-'1l'*rcsin-ra2\-f sin-ri)'*

2) *r*' +6x+8)
\--_ 2) t2
-tx nz
-rr)('--'r - -'sin-'-rr)
n
=("o.-rl*2 sin-'aJ[cos-'7 - + +6x+8)
\ ;)* "sin' -\x-
=Ico.-,
x
-Tcsin-l1+nsin-r !* -tO2+6r+8)
2'"-22-'--2---2L2'
I + sin-r +6x +at =!. + 6x +8)
=
X(.o,-' L).*,.2 $o2
Domain of f(x)isl- Z 4.
f(r) is increasing in|- \ 21.
- 2(a + b) = r(1*
... Range of ' .gt1
f{u)t'L; 4 =
lo.rcz , btr2l =
X)=
u Ans.
)
Givencr=sin-r [ *x"-l,ret-l1]
\l+ )
a=2tan-1 xY xet-1"11
f-- rl
Hence, range of c is , ...(i)
lZ i)
, 13 cos v - 4 sin v\
'"' {-
F = cos-' -:-:::j. el0,2rc1
l: ),t
Now, Scos rr - 4 sin Y € [- 5, 5]
t- e-] ...(ii)
... Range of p is
I ; ,'l
Also y = 2tan-1 (22 - 4z + 5), ze R
y= 2tan-r ((z - 2)2 + t)
[- \ .(iii)
... Range"rri.[j,^) ..
80 GRB Problems in Caleulus (Hints & Solutions)
IfB + yis minimum, then 0=

I and Y =
;.
AIso, cr, p, y are angles of a triangle'
Now, o=;,B=fandy=I
a = 2 tan-r *= = tan'{r= Z -
t-r "fZ
3 cosY- 4 sin Y 1
"b = !=+cos B- -
3'---r 10 2
Scosy 4sinv < i , n 4
5-3 -L
Y + 0 = 2n * Y = 2rc - 0 = 2n- tan-' jd
r- I
)
.,
'
-,
- r-r-'Ztan-r
= -
--O+z=2
\zz 4z +5\
z- -42+5=l+(z-D2
r+tany +z=(2-Jel*[+'].l 2=4-*-"tZ-8-9"'r5 -8-F - fi
Now, - 3 3
i3/ 3 =o c
a=8,b=27,c=3
d+b+c=38
i
#_e
*3
Limits, Conainuitr:
and DifferentiabilitY
lExercise-il I
. ,,( ,x2+br+c) *b * n
c b ,r+c\
ct(llx-+
2 srn"l
-'^^ |
t 2 I
)tox) +bx + c)2

; lim ^'(.' , /\ cl a)
1. rlim r+0 4(x - a) (r - ct)
-+0
l,r{\: I,):--+tx-atz
[z)
-. 02(r - cr)2 (x
-P)2 ,,^ o2 (u
lrm ; ,^ Ans.
lrm r+0
- B)2 ==>C
r+({ 2(r-a)' -; z
z. AB = ff; zrh - h' = ,E;i

P = 2'l2rh * 2.,6i n'
--.
P=2l16h.tEh-h')
2,Trh-hz 1
A= r- 2 --:=nlzrn-n2
hx6;-
- h' Ozrz ^ffJ
_.4
hm ]i11
- ;'l'o
=
h:0 p').=
lim
thrt2 lu6 - ,Ei ' nf
lflll
rr
-o g |'t6h - ,lzrt - t'l'
-_
-_--'
rtr =
1
=(C) - Ans.
8.8 (2r) (2r)u2 128 r
Alternative : Note that as /z --+ 0, b = |2 or 2b = a
L _ ab(bt _rUsins R=ob,
p3 4R.(a+2b13 "
I
Hence, 4L
82 9'l@J:o.9_!Spp-.i*"..c""g!:t4y.l._(Hints&sotutions)
2b3
= 1 Ans.
4R64b3 t28R =(C)
a).
f(x)=L9YxeQ
As, /(t) is continuous, so
f(x)= 19 Vr e I {/(r) isconstant}
evk))= \im + /'?d =.mT Bo1 = 2o v x e R. Ans.
4, Let /(q) = b* 1:1161= s
(q, f (o))
f(s, + h) = b - k*
f-r(b - k) = a + h
f(a - h) = b + k+ f-l(b + k) = s - 7,
Now L.H.D. of f -1(x) at x = f (a) = b v= f(x)
(f-tl,rb-)
- = lim
f-rtu - tzl - f -1 tu)
,.^ a+h-s,
- n-+of(a+D-f@)
(h-b\-h
h+0 {b-ti-b h.+(
=
,. 1 1 1
i'\ 1r" * n1- 1^, = ,,-.r= r
h
ill/y Now R.H.D. of f -1(x) atx = f (ci = b
/ t1* o] - /. to' = Ii- (a-h)-a
(f -1)'6* ) = li* f-'(o+k)-f-'(u)
h+o (b - k) - b h+o f (a - h) - f(a)
=lim,---* 1
^= f,(a-)=lI
n+o f(a - h) - f(d
Ans.
-h
fiter : Verification by taking an example
j=I\x)=l [-a*, forr <o
l- 21c, for r > 0
f,(o_) = -3= I
f'(0*) = -2=r
t _",
for y>0
8\J)=1=l - -\Y)=
1- -
l-r.,
t_.,
for y<0
l;,
g'(0*) f'(o*)=-1=1 v: f(x)
= '31
_1 1
8'(0-) = '2r Ans.

B3
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
1
rlc ]
'f-l
Note : If / urd r are positive, then L.H.D. and Rl-H.D. of and if / and r are
I 'inJ t'
II
I
L.H.D. and R.H.D.
i. tfni*l
negative ttren are end
a.o=r=1
81' 9
5. Clearly, f(x) = x2,L<xsL
x4rx>l
Clearly, /(r) is non-differentiable ut * = *, 1

I
Sum of dquares ofreciprocals = 92 + I = 82
=,lim /(r - 1) = f(- 1) = f =

6. (1) 1
As f is continuous
Also,
,hnq
S(-r) = ,lijl B(r) = 3
Now, verify alternatives. A:rs.
7. CIearly,
-. fths+3h+2)-fQt ,. f'(h2+3h+2\'t3h2+3) - 6'3 I
limr#=hI11+=-='
i':in Seh-Zhz +1)-fl1) i'-o 1'Qh-2h2 +DQ- 4h) 4'2 4
(Using L'Hospitai RuIe.) Ans.
(1 +P(r))v" -1r (Using binomial
8. / = rtrm expansion)
-0 X
2
+og*3 +.. ,]
=o'1.
x t1.
9. Since, /(r) is continuous V r e R.

log(x2 + lzx + k + L)>0 V r e .B
and x2 + lz+0Y x e R
x2 +kx+k+7>1Vre -R
and k,>0
x2+kx+k>OYxeR
D <o=h2 - 4t?<o
lz e 10, 41
But h>o
(0, 4l Ans.
8.1 GHB Pygblgm-s in Calculr1g (/{-iry-{s A_,S9!.u!i9ns.)..
10. /(r) is non-differentiable at x = a, F,0, Y, 6

and g (r) is non-differentiable at r = cr, 0, o, - 2,2=(B)
b
11. This limit will not exist, when sin ' l+ x'"=-1,0, 1
.= - L (two values of x) y=ni2

v: I
Also, sin-l t-?-\Z=o

+ x' I
(one value of x)
x:1 x
It v:' I
\ ' (two varues of x)

., - 1
12. Consider a general triangle

-1)2
(APn * r)2 - {AP;2 = (PnPn *1)2 = (2"
Put n = 1,2,3, ......., n
(AP)2 *(AP)2 =(PtP)2 =l Pn+ 1
(Ah)2 -(AP)z =(P2Ps)z =22

(APiz -(Ah)2 =(PsP. t2 =(22)2 2n-l
:::: Pn
(AP, * )2 - (AP,)z = (PuPn *t)2 = (2n -r1z
(AP,,*)2 -(AP)z =l+22 +(22)2 +(23)2 +....... +(2"-112 = 22"-l =-4" -l
\-w-
_1
22 -t 3
G.P. with common ratio 22
(AP,,
4u , 4"
-1 +1= - +2-=(AP,*r)=rl
*r)2 =
33!
Now, sin 0 =
lPnP,*rl 2'-r 2" JE
lAP,,,tl la12 {a, * 2 z
Ie lo
AS =1=sin0=v'aSn-+-=0=tr Ans.
23
-.
lim laxz +bx
' "-"+ cl"r 1= lim la(x-cr)+(r-F)l
13. '*"-
x+tn ax2 +bx+c = x)nL aG-cr)(r-0)
If o < 0 and o < m < pthen
a(m-cr)(m-p)>0
+Limit is one
=C Ans.
Limits, Continu ity an,d Differentiability 85
14. 2f(x) f(y) = f(x - y) + fG + y)Y x, y e R ...(i)

putx=Q=y,weget
2f2(o)=2f(o)=/(o)=1 (As /(o) * 0)
Put r =0 in (i), we get

2f(0) f'(y) = f(- y) + f(y) =+ f(y) = f(-y) v y e fi
f'(y)=-f'(-y)
Puty = l,weget f'(l) + f'(-l)=O Ans.
15. From the 1"t graph if r e (- a, a) then no value of y and hence f(r) must be
negative in (- o, o). Also from the above two graph if r e [- b, - a)vla, b] then /(r)
is positive and hence from the given graphs, graph of fk) is as follows.
Clearly, f(r) is discontinuous at 2 points in [-b, b] and non-differentiable at 3

points in (-b, b). Ans.
16. (r - o1)(r - o1)(x - a)(x - cts)......(x - ct,,) =xn*r -5x2+6r-3
(x - a2)(r - a3) .......(x - o; =t -5x2+6r-B
(x - a)2
*n+t - 5x2 +6x - 3
(o,1 - cr2) (cr1 - cr3) ....(ot - crn) = J Iim
+01 (x - a)2
(n+7)x'-10x+6
h= I lim
+01 2k-a)
lim n(n+l)x"-1 -10
k= IrGl
2
n(n + 1) oi-1 - 10
h=
ru(n + 1) 0l-1 - l0 = 2k
n(n + 1) cri-1 - 2k = lO Ans.
17. lim
(r - f(x)) (t + f(v1 + f2(x)) = 9 rio' [t
- /rxt)
c-+0
-(sin2*) , 5r-o[ *2 )
cl , l'x-
\ .r- )
3 .. / 1- cos2r.cos4x'cos6r'cosSr'cos10x'\ 3 f +42+62+82+102)
=bJTil- J=b[. 2 -J
22
=?zrll2
+ 22 + "' + 52)
=
q, 5'6'11
- 66 Ans.
5-[ 2 ) 5 6
18. In vicinity of x = 0,lsin-' ,l , Ei

sin-
""'
1
r^ > l, in vicinity of r = 0.
= x
l=13+23+33 +...+n3
_(n@:L)l =1oo + n=4 Ans.
[2)
Note : f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0,
19. For limit to exist,
x -lx1=x,atr = cr + hota-h because r1o+y = o, but r(o )<: i
+h]=s l]i]. I- 3
,rrj)[o
oe(0, 1) Ans.
(f@t + f{zh)\ _(f(%\ */0))

,. t, 2 )[ z )
h-+o h
_,r^f(2h) - f(o)
h+a 2h
f'(x) = f'(o)
f(x)=f'(0)x+X
As f(o) = s
= f(x) = f'(O)x + 5
Also l'' Q) = f '(0) = f'(5)=/'(0)=-1
+ f'(o) = t
Hence, fG)=5-x Ans.
2t.o=liml- =n l'
' n--[14-Js+2sino)] G-Ji+2sin0)2
87
Limits, Continuity and Differ entiability
r )"
'=J'el ltr*"*
[2+sine- z)
If 0 e [0. l)=sino. [0, f]+p
\'3l z/
e> st.
does not exl
I
rr oe (;, ;) = sin r. r) = r =o
[*,
... For existence of limit e=
fi =p
=i = *;b L
.n+cosg=1a9os9=1+19,) I Ans.
Hence,
pp2
f(il =Iog,(ollrl + [- r],,'

[+'l
l"-- I I
a+or'r
I ]
I" o'lg--.I
t ')
I log,
_-?,
' 'o /-28-5\
I ts+o.
r 2 -o)
) *lo ., I r>o
[3+o"
I
J
r(x) =l,o*, o'l+1, .o ,,,e.

;.,
/ Zr-5 \
tdt^
f(x) = xl -._._l
[3 + o-'* /
I<U
Ilo t3+o') r=0 0 r =0
I -2h-5\
h({::\-o
\ B+aun )
-nl?
\.r+o
,,^ l-o
f'(0")= lt5f .!a =0aso>0:f,(0-)=Iim
/r +o -h
)
=0aso>0
Ans.
Differentiable and continuous atx = 0'
Area of the parallelogram outside the circle
= Area of parallelogram - Area of sector
OPQ
(1. ""'- z - !.0 = sino - 9 = ftg

=
\2 "ire) )- z 2
88 GRB Problems in. CalcultLs (Hints & Solutions)
t'to-'=e
Hence. Iim49) = li* 1-1= I Ans.
e;o o+o 0 0 2 2
11 o
" . 1= 7 ooints. Ans.
24. f(il = [4 sinrl - 7; f(x) is discontinuous, when sinr 4' 2' 4'
25. P(r) is an even function. Ans.
So,it is symmetrical aboutY-axis.

P(- 1) = P(1) = land Pe D = P(2) = - 5
Graph of P(x) showing minimum number of distinct real zeroes

26. S, = 1+3+7 + 13 + 2l+...tt,
S, = 1+3+7 + 13+ ...*t,-r *t,
0=1+2+4 +6 + 8 + ...+ (t, -t,r_1) - t,,
tn =l+ 2 + 4+ 6 +8*... +(/, -t,,-r)
=1*'-112x2+ln-2tx21
2
=l+(n_ l)n=n2 -n+l

n2 -n.+l-n2 =_12 Ans.
lim(Jn2 -n+l -z)= iim
DJ@
n2 -n+l+
1 1
27. f(u) = u(r) =
u -ou +l1u-G
=
(u-L)(u-2)(u-3)' as x
1
So, f=
[]-,)t] ,j[]-,J
/is discontinuous atx =r,i,*,0. Ans.
89
Limits, Continuity and Differentiabilitl'
28. We know that lim r" = 1

r -o'
Iim(r'-1)=0
* -+0
-
*,,' - 1) +(** o"' *'"
..)
p(xr -1) [, u-,"'
- rr
vv' lim L=-----a^
So. 2\r _ l)2
= lim
_0. A. -tl' (r' + 1)2
, _O- ttr x
.' -_ .- + (r'
(x* - 1)2 .- -- --. - +...
1)3
/ 1) 11\ 1
2t DI Ans.
=r lim - [2.,][+] I
--+ 0+ a. -tl' (r' + L)z
1(cosr)}
f(x) = max. {sinr, sin-
points'
Clearly, f(r) is continuous but non-differentiable at infrnite
,2
tf(xlt2 -le* + e*'\ ftxl + e* .e' <0
2
ff(x)-e')ffG) -e')S0
2""
e*" < ftx) < e* ;Y x e (0, 1)
2
e* < f(x) 3 e*- ;V r e (1, -)
2
lim(e' ) = e
Iim(e') = r+1
r+1
Ans.
Hence, /(r) = e by sandwich theorem'
rISr,
31. (A) As, sinr <rVr >0=sinr ---\' 2)

-r =0hasnoroott"(,O':)
(B) tanr > xV xe[,,;)=tanx -r =0hasnorootin['';)
(C) The statement is true by extreme value theorem'
(Property of continuous function in closed interval)
given statement is
(D) The function g(r) is not given continuous in [3,5] so the
Ans.
not alwaYs true.
11. 15
32. Atr = o.-q.1.
'2'2' 2' 2
f(r) continuous.
is integer and g(r) is Ans'
33. Sincef(rr) = f(x)Y x1,x2e R
.'./(r) must be constant
Hence, p2 -]-=o=+p=t1
q2 +2q-3=0+Q=-3, 1
.'. Largest possible value of ltr + Ans.

d= 4.
ln(sec(ex) sec(e2r)' sec(e3r) ... sec(esor))
84. lim
r
-+0
1"':' -
(e2- 1).2(1- il .*,
-"2"o"* z-2cosr 1oq
x2
ln(sec(er) sec(e2r) ... sec(e50r))
= lim oo
r -+0 e'x "
ln(1 + sec(er) sec(e2x) ... sec(e50r) - 1)
= rIim no
-r0 e'x'
sec(er) sec(e2x). sec(e3r)... sec(esor) -1
= rlim ,,
-+0 e'x -
Apply L'Hospital Rule, get
-=T
- n2 + e4 + e6 +... + eloo - - l) = ,'oo - 1
"2((e2)50
2e2k2 - t) z(e2 - t)
Ans.
(pz-t)(x-2)-2; -2<x<-l
35. f(Y) = -2(p'-l)-2; x=-1
e' + e-')
(
sl+l+lPltr-1);
)
-t<x<2
- t) - z= ' 2(P2 - r) - 2= - ,,r,

-s(p2
4{l#l
+ P=t1,q=0
l-z; -2<x<-l
ftil=l-Z; x=-l
Lr-r' -r<x<2
{{i+)))=,[{#))= r,-,
= Not defined. Ans.
Dffi renti:gl@! 91
Limits, Continuity and
I r(r - 1) 2V + 2) 20151
36.Given, O,=1 r I -6
l r' 4r ol I
rake r common rrom r,.:,lf"r1l1ti,lTru,

L'=r2l' 1 1 -e I
11 4 o I
lr2t, - t) 2r2(r + 2) 2015r2l

A,=] 1 1 -6
lt 4 o I
-rt" 2213 + 4:r'z zors:'r'z

Now, r=1
io, = lt"
| r 4 0 ]
t$^) 11 I ol
Hence,
t*l+;l=il I ;i=u(, -il=B Ans
t l'" "l J
37. As, (r + sinx -.r cosr - tanx) = x(l -cosr) + ti"'[f
*)
= I (1 - cosr) - tanr(l - cosr) =(x - lanx)'(1 -
cosr)
(x - tanx )(t - "gry)
I t )\ *z )
So,,Iirlg = exist and non-zero,
,, -,
So, n'=5 Ans'
-
88. wehave, "-=ll+J-.'-t#)]
- * r-l-' *'l ' [[,.,- +l' - rl-'
-l. m
=(*
(d*)il- =IS-LJ-*'
m, - *
L\ ] ) *) -l
l\-
'[[,. '
*)- -,] - r,-' An*
),:J,^)'- =;T{,.;)
= 1 (e =
]
1
39' Let f(x\=x*
t,t^.\ =-".irt.r,
r- -1)
= l'\x) ,,
[ ,)
lfx > e then f(x) is decreasing

2010 > 2009 = fQ070) < f(2009)
11
(2010)2010 < (2009)2ooe
=
(2010)2ooe < (2oog)2010
=
( l:
nm ] trzooo;2010;n + ((2010)2oon,' I
n +_[ ]
-;1':'-"""' {r.' [ggg::]"]]

= rim(200e,,0,0
lrzoogrro,o ,l
= (200e)2010 Ans.
l^ I
40. L= Iim f
cot-rtlnrrlll-t"' ,r-,
x+o-[ r )
,,- Ito,-tln(x)-nlr-tn*r I.* .ot "-ln'',In..,

r I n
=er-o+l -"x-o'
ri 1 l
tan -l -
\ tn*,1
- llm l)tr
,-';. II -r
_e lnxl
=gft
/ r 1, l
L.H.L.=ft0-)=er Ex -e n
_1
/(0*)= f(0 )=e n =l? Ans.
41. In right vicinity of x = n cotr -+ + @ = 2cotx ,3cotx, 5tot' --; -
In leftvicinity ofx = n cotx -+ - @:+ zcotx )gcotx, s"ot' -+ o
/2\tot'
I I +ti3)"ot*
I - 2
-b+
i. s,t \ 5/ 5 cotr -5
.'. R.H.L. lim
x -)n* / 4 \tot't / 3\"ot " 1 -1
I s,]
I I +l-
' (s,t l
-r* 5 cotr
ocotx
z ocotJ
t o 5.5"ot* + 2
L.H.L. lim - ?= 2+l = D.N.E. Ans.
x -)fr 4cotx *2utx _ 5cotr *1 1
42. Put x=X +h

!=x
lfu + h) - f@)l<lhl3
fi.r, f(x
+ b-f@)l<u*a,
i-+ol
I
h I a-o
l/'(r) l< 0
93
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilit'y
lf '(x)l= 0 = f@) -- constant

/(r) = 100
Ans.
Hence, f(20) = 100
43. '.' f(x) = ln g(r)
f(x+1)=ln8(r+1)
:.f (x +1) - /(r) = 1n g(r + 1) - In g (r)
=118(r+1)=h(r+1)
g (r)
f' \x + tl - f'tx\ = 1--
- ' x+l
Putting x = 1,2,3......-n and adding, we get
1
(f' (2) -f'(1)) + (f' (3) - f' (2)) +"""" + (f' (n + * 1 *...... *
- f' h))= 123
1'11
n+l
-
1-
- f'(D =I2*I3*.....'*n+l Ans.
= f'(n+1)
44. fJ. %) f(x) (Given)
=
e'u _L e'-l
-f(x) =,[;) ='(n^) = . . ='(h)

!
e* -! ' '"
e2-l e2" -\ e2" -l
"(
*\
) f(D '\z;')= t!y= f'(o)
e* -l
lim
= ,-* _Iim- 4+=.rim
i'--onn -t h+o h !y,t9;t9=
_,
"),
f(x)=e* -l
* 1
ri* [ e'x-t 1l - o,"''0"' *)-

H- [I!1)] = r+ol
9
= e' Ans.
x 'o\ x ) l
+l
- 6f2(x)+ 11 f(r) - 6 = o
45. 13(x)
->-
l uay
,l
ffzk) - 3f (r) + 2) (f(x) - 3) = o ,f-jluv
-
(f(il - 1) (/(r) - 2; (f('x) -3) = 0
f(x)=1or2or3
(i) If L.H.L. + R.H.L. * /(0)
-+-
Then number of such functions = 3l= 6. (See diagfam)
(ii) If any two of L.H.L. /(0- ), R.H.L. /(0n ) and f(0) are equal and third one is not
2C, 1g
zx
3C
equal then number of such functions - 'C , ^ = '
Number of such functions = 24 Ans.

Alternative: Total number of functions are=33 = 27
Total number of continuous functions = 3
Hence, total number of discontinuous functions = 2l - 3 = 24. Ans.
lL-zt
l- t<o lfk-t\.0sr(1
46. Givenf(r)=.{1, 0 s, s
--1+g(*)
o\--7=.1"'-'"
r- ;--; [3-r, t<x32
lzt-t t>t I
l3-% osrSl
=) g(x)=tr_r, l<x<2
.'.The function g(c) is discontinuous at r-t as
lim g(r) does not exist.

x+l
So, g(r) is non-derivable atr = 1. Ans.
0, x=-l
x2, -1<r<1
47. ?-x -1\ l<x <2
x2 -\ 2<x<4
0, x=4
Clearly, /(r) is discontinuous at r = - 1 and x = 4 in[-L, 4lbut f(x) is derivable
everywhere in (- 1, 4).
.'.m=2andn=0
Hence, m* n=2 Ans.
,3 - 1 forr<0
1
48. f@) =l - i4 t l* - 2l+ lx + 2l) for0< r < 2
f,U*-ri+tx+2l)
7 -xJ forx>2
flr) is continuous every where but non-derivable at x = 2 only.

:.p=flandq=1 Ans.
49.'; ! a a. I=+€. rirA < landM . sinsA < 1

3228
0< sinA - sin3A < landsinA + sinsA > 1
xeQ
'f(*l={o*'' xeQ
l\x-b,
Limits, Continuity and Differentidbility 95
/(r) is continuous aL x = 2 and 3.

arr2 = 5x - bshouldhave roots 2 and 3 =o*2 - 5x + b =0
1= 5+a= land b =6+b =6
,'.b-a=6 Ans.
.'.F(r) is differentiable in (0, *).

-x
60.
Hence, must exist and is finite'
Jgift.l
.'. = f(x) must have a horizontal asymptote as
, r -) * then
only,Iim /(r) will exist.
1
If f@) has an inclined asymptotes as y - ,c - a)Cthen xlim

--s*
/(r) --> -.
/(r) has a horizontal asYmPtote

l,
Hence,
=
)]y*f'(r)
+
(C) (also see figure for
0
e.g., Take the examPle given

/(r) = tan-1 r)
^l\-.
" |
_)€ l"rz
(i) Let f(x) = r sin

j
1
which is differentiable in (0, -)'
"'*l=tun-'*
x
111
f'(*)=sin:--cos-
xxx
( ( 1 cos-1l
fk\ + f'(x) =lx sin:1\I + I\ sin x1
- - x- x)
r r/ I
"1*-t ,']y*-o
Hence, lim /(r) = L and lim l"(r) = 0 Ans.
IJ@ I-)@
(ii) f(x) = tan-l r in (0, -)
Linked Comprelrension TYPe

(i) lim(flr) + 2) =0= !"rQ
lim f(x) = - 2
X+6
96 GRBProbtemsinCatcuty'*!!ti::!**..8e!Y".!"iô-np)
- 2=- Zlog2a = - 2=a = 2 Ans.
(ii) g(0*) = 0, g(0) = 0 and 8(0-) = - 1
g(r) is discontinuous at r = 0
= Ans.
s(o-) * g (0n)
The equation will satisfy if a = 2, F = t 1'
osI- 2<l+6<y<9
3
(i) cr= Z9=!1,T=6,7,8
Number of ordered triplets (cr, F, y) is 6. Ans.
Ans.
t"'
(ii),,,,r l[""u'-l * ['i"z'.1 * [=t"t'11 = b + 6 + 7 = 18
*'1'blrl , I L , I L , ),
(iii) P=2
lrr\ .r
r tannl I
l44)
ls -2tan -.x,)
ti.,.,
1l
-e )"
r *2 \
I
8 )
ti- l3-2tm n, \
-1 ) ta
tan
rnL
lrr\I
\44)
l
r ,Z\ 8 '=eL )"
e
)"= lim z(t- rc\

It
tant---xl),,tan -x
1l
l
8) )
I
x-2 \ 8 4 )
\ .4
(tn) (n\
2ta1n
rnl tx + tan
nm z11-
r)
tan--x ) It8) = lim
Ir.Jr -9
= x-2
8 ). x+2 l-\
I z( n) t+tanlllr
r-tarr2lI],
s.] I \8,]
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 6 and 7

Pk)=@2 -4)((x2 -t)(x2 -g)+1) =(*2 -4)(xa - 1012 +10)
sin P(r) P(x) ,. (.r 2 - 4\ txa - 1Ox2 + 10)
tir -.
lim .' llm =-14 Ans.
"' ,'liz p(x) (x2 --=- 4) ''3lz *2 - 4
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 97
r_\ *'-(*n
,.*,-ll*' - Jrn - ror' * ro
l_ lim -1012+r"o) Ans.
" ,.rr* 1 I
xc
2
- 1012 + 10
[ )
Paragraph for Question Nos. 8 to lO
(i) If cr -e -, then a --> 0
P(x)=bx+c
Now, P(2) =2b + c =9andP'(3) = b= 5*c = -l+PG) = 5r -1
tF .rtr limr5r-1-5r*i), 4
Now, tr- formr = e' '-r 5r -5 ' = n5 Ans.

-t=: [ff-i]
(ii) When ct, p -+ - then a, b -+0
P(x) = c, but P(2) = 9 =+P(r) = 9
JPt') -g = li* 3-3 =o [sirr."
Now. x,,* sin Exact zero
=ol e,".
-s (r -3) -3
: sin k -B) tending towards zero L
(iii) For cr = 0, P(x) = a (x - a)2
AsP(2)=9+P(2) =a(2-a)2 =9 +a
(2- a)'
9
..(r-u)2
Now, fir,
'=t [r-
L
tan2 1,n -t*
\4 - ",]"1(e'-o
))
- 1)
-.9
= 116
(x - s)2
x+a ()- s)2
--. 1+ tan (; -,, - ",)l [, - ,,, [; -,, - t,'- "
*r)] _1)
Puttingff = cr + h,we get

9 h2
-=lim
i"j', \2_ d,
|-r;r 1 _olm;"1 o ;*,1
,, _
L \4 ))L 14 ))
-.
o
J h2
llm
-+o (2
n
- u)2
z(r-t-tanh)rr, -r,
-
[ 1 + tanh)
lim
o
" h2(l+ tanh) 9
lim " 9o
n-+o (2- o)2 .z ztay! .ko r) .n, 4 (2 - a)2 u+o{(2-a)2 = 1.6 Ans.
hh
98 GRB Problems in Calutlus (Hints & Solutions)
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 11 to 13

P(x) = *5 - gxn * p*3 - 27x2 +qx + r
'.' P.l-) is divisible by r 2
Q=r=A
P(r) = *" -gxn * p*3 - 27 xz
ItiJ = r, - 9r, * p* - zi ,11;

xt \.,
cr,p,ye.Rn
a+B+^l*9,tt-fiY"=27
A.M. of cr, B, , = !t1P t-l '= 3
d
G.M. of u, B, y = lupy)1ti3 = i27;\t3 = i7
'.'A.M. = G.M.
= a - 0- y
3U=9::ifcL=3=0=Y
P=c;"F+0Y+Yiu=2"i
(i) p+qtr=27+0+0=27 ,\ '
(ii) o * 1= 2,p+3 = 6,l, + 7 - 10

.'. S,, = 2 + 6 +10 + ........to nterrns = 2(I +3 + 5 +......to nterrnsi =, )n':
,,--,: yS,,'S,,- r,i.lz,,'2 .2tn - Ii2 2,,1rn(rt - 1) 2,r1r\' rt -7 n )
1r1 1 1 1 \ 1
ztt 2 2 3 """' ) z
ml=-
=-l---+---..+. Ans.
(ur) .. /r 1 1 1l
hm l_+____ + _- +......+____| {'.'s=r=0}
, ,,- \27 t27)2 t27 )r r27 )n t
=
1 1 1 br_=\
= Ans.
-+ (rrf* eTrt*""'6= za ^.
-r:!27
According to given information, we must have /(r) a polynomial of degree 4 with
leading coefficient 3.
So, f(x) =3(x - 2) (r - 3) (r + 1) (r + 6) + (x2 + l)
(i) /(0) = 109 Ans.
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 0Cl
(ii) -. f(x\- "-

lim ''"- 12 -1-=
lim
3(x-2)@-3)(r+1)(r+6)
=(-8)(-9)(-5) =-360 Ans.
r+-6 3(r+6)r;6 3(r+6)
(iii)We have B(r)= j+-= (r 2
1
2
+ 1) -3(r - 2)(x -3)(x+ 1)(r +6) -(r + 1)
= 3(x -1
- 2)(r -3)(r + 1) (x -:-x€-0,-1,2,8
+ 6)
f -- --
+, I l, so points of discontinuous are three i.e.,x = - 6,- 1,2,

Butrel
t_2.2) Ans.

tt-t= 41
.lr-) = .f1)
/l;| 1 . 1-2+t2--and
- --+r=-
11 ,.11'l
I l-;i= P
'\2) \.-) 2 4 4 \Lr
As, / is continuous at x = !2, ,o O =*.
Now, /tl ) = t''$) = pand /'t1' 1 = q t 4

11- 16 -
' !] - +- 4 -q=
5
As,l'is alsocontinuousatr - !so p = q+ 4=+q_
4 4
I..--**s.
I..--**S. --.r.1-2
--.r.1
so, rt*r=l!1.
fi*t=J!, 1.r.1
1.r<t
'42
A
"x+4 1<x<*
l+
y : 1ll4
,:*2-1+3
lq
5
I
1
Graph of f(x)
As,g(x)iscontinuorrsatx = 0, so*lim =, -, ...(i)
['t#YJ
100 GRB Problerns in Co.lculus (trIints & Solutions)
As, above limit exist, so d+b=0

=b = - a
(t- cosr\
+ o ,-.
lim | -,- l=a-7
-o\ *2 )
9=o-l=a=2ct-2=)a=2
2
.A-_9
l'2 (1 - cosx)
^ I -.2
So.s(r)=l .r+U
JL
[1, r=0
le Graph of h(xt
and i(r) - ]r'+ 1' r < 1
[*' + I x > 1 [Note: gtx)=0 = cosr=1 + x=2nn,

nE I. But S(0) = tl
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
h(f\x)) 2(4sin2x-1)+1 8sin2r-1 - 2
" gtf(x)l 2\4sinzx-1)-1 8sinzr-B gsin2r-3
i" i- 1 L I Z. - l.
Hence. ranse -.'s.l -Ls' I
Arite* y" = 4-l!\t - 2(4 sin2r - 1) + I = ? tl"lt - 1 =8sin zr. - r =8( sinzx \y - By
g( ftx)\ 2(4 sin2x 1) 1 gsin2x _ B - -
]t),6s-31:1
= 3y-1=8sin2 x(y-l)=sinz *= 8(3,-1, .1
8i.y-lt
Now,
3v-1
...(i)
8(y - 1)
...(ii)
t
1,€l--.-lt_tl
'ol
r1 t 7 -l Ans.
\ J-.,] a
I
L
I
(ii) ,.
Irm f(sin 1.r) 4 sin2 (sin-1r) - 1 linl 4"2-1
-' -: = Iim
1 o1y)
- hrrr
7 9. 't (?-x +l)=2 Ans.
x- no x- 1 ?a: -1 J+ oo - - r+
1
t*ry:lt:,9"tittyit-t, art . ::i ,
, iiobilitl, 101
(iii) f(sin 1
kx) -3 4 sin2 (sin-lfrr) - 1- B
lirn j---- = IIm
x) -1
2
h@) , -.i ?-x +l
=,T'
-. 4k2x2 -
z- .I
4
Here,Nrmustbezero, k2 - 4=0= k=t2.

-. 4(4x2 - lt Ans.
*--l 22 ?.lc+l *-ll
Paragraph fgr [fuestion Nos. 23 and,24
(i) Ifr e (-20)thenr+1e (-1, 1)=(r+1)2e [0, 1)
(x +l)2" -+0as n-)@
rr* *2 +"?tr + 1)-2' = :'

f(x) = ,--J(r =f(xt= 1- -1
+l)2'*r +x2 +l x2+l x2 +l
I a\ [-- -l
/tx) e € (-2,0)
Io,i,]- li,,;)as,.r
^"2
-:-;x e (- 2,0\
x" + t
fG) = J -r(- -, - 2) u(0, -); f@) =tanl ...e = tan*l (/(r))
r+1
! x =0
a.o
u)L-a
= s(x) =*"[;,a-1ffi])=r,,, = *"(; 2tanl /{,))../(,) e [0, 4)5)

= fG)
I L\
So. range ofgtxt,.iO. Ans.
; J
iit Ifr < - 2then, * r. -1and (x +7)2'' -)€as n)@

*2 L')
x2 +2(x+l)2" (x + l)2" 2
Iim Iim
;;:(n +1y2"+t + x2 +l = x +l
r+1+ x2+L
G + \)2"
f(x) e G 2, 0) asr e (- *, - 2)
If r e (- -, - 31, then f(x) e [- 1, 0)

t't \ c)
o
=
) fk) x+7
l.Ztan-t ltxtl=
So,g(r) = tanl
\2
Ifr e (- 3, - 2) then /(r) e(- 2, - l)
(r n- 2tan-' \ tanl(ri + tan
.'. g(r) = tanl
\z*r-
1tilll = -
) (2 'rt*l) = cot(tan -t 1tx))
[.
=cotl-n+cot'
11 1 .r+1
/r"rrJ f(rr 2
Norv, lirn !]1t, rileli
':-t-3 x2 + 4x +3
.. * 3)sin(.r 2 1
hrn
r-r-B-(r +3)(r + 1) (r + 1) ,
and lim sin(r+3) .r+1_1 Ans.
x+-3+(r+3)(r+1) 2 2
Paragraph for Question Nos. 25 and.26
(i) Let P(o cos 0, o sin 0) then OQ = b + o cos 0
=1+ ocos0 (as bis 1)
So, 8R = e(1+ ocos0)

So,
-. e(l+ocos0).
hm -
..
,.e..'0)0
Irm
1+acos0
0+0 0" 0'1
Clearly, a=-l
n _ l=2i.e.,n =3and l=7/2
So, a+n+t=-l+g+1=2aL-=1
2 22
(ii) Let m be (c,0).
So MN = C sin0
Also, QR = 0(b + ocos0)
So, lim ilb+acos0)+Csin0

0+0 e3
0l
I
b+
I
o *o ]l*cl 0- e3+ e5)1...
O I t\
"[t_
\ 2t 4t)) 3! 5t)
lim \
t
- 0+0
e3
103
Li rnits, Continuity and Differ entiability
0(o+b+c) * t'( -21

q )* eul" * c) ...
-g3!) \4! 5!/
= llp=..-----__--
e+0 e3
Now for limit to exist o + b + c= 0 and limit is -(z.z)
Ans.
So b = ZsoC = G 2 - a)i.e,pointis(- 2 - a, 0).
Paragraph for Questlon Nos. 27 to 29

f'(x)=gMTP
-. f@)
= IlI[ .-
+ f\h) - 2-xh + (e' - 1) (et' - 1) - fk)
h+o h
ri*[ fth) +(e, _ 1) tefr _- 1)'l_ zr

= t-o( h
h )
=f'(0)+e'-1-?rc
=l+e'-l-%c=e" -2x
f(x)=e' -x2 +7"
flO)=1-0+1.=1.=-1
f(x)=e'-x2 -l
it ftz)=e2 -4-l=e2 -5
{fe\="2 -5-2=ez -'l l'.'7 < ez <81 Ans.
,. eb -4x2-l+4x2-% ,,-'b -2x-7

rir lim,fQî+4x2-T,tc
"'r'l'b -- ,' --=lim-
x+o
-- =llm--
r..o x'
o
*2 *2
,.
l+?^x*9'+...-zx-7
2t
= IIIII -9 Ans.
r +o- *2
iii ) g(x)=f(x)+x2 -2=ex -x2 -l+*'-2
-
8(r)=e'-B
sraph = ls(lr l) lis -
GRB Problems in Calculus Hints & Solutions)
:y
x
Now the I st lr l) l= & hrs four roots.

ke(0,2) Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. BO to 32
(i) Forr <0
fk) = n-)*
lim )H-
n
{r2 +r+e' -1} $ e*
fl,r + L)
=Hm
n+*2r(r+1)
r=l
('..12 + r - 1is anintegerand{r * m) = {r}where, m e I)
i,e--1 ri-[f t-t)*[1-l)*....(l- 1 ])

=e'rim
,--3r Ir r+t)l=,,
" ;-:[(r 2) '\, a,/-"'-l.;-
".1))
= e'
Forx >0
( pxc q
+e-'-il)
f(x) = lit
rml
--[ i!. +r4 r+1)
n '=1
)
_l +1"= n^l Uf
n--(2fi
(r2 + r - 1) +te-'ll * r.
(r+1) )
(
(o* n ((r+1)-1) *
(r+1) l*^ ('.'forr )
lim l-
=
n)d
I
't
"lIn r
,
=l )
0, €- e (0, 1),...[e-,] = 0)
,1 n (-
-/pxln-lirlm
tm- tt --- 1 ) =prrimli[r-[1 - ']')*,
+* fL
r=1 [ (r+1) )*n n+@n4r\ lr r+t))
rim !("-[r--L)].^
=pr n+-72[ 1 n+l))
=pr n'@n(n+l)
lim a\=px+)v
-t
l"', x<o
Now, flr) =.1
I
g, r =0
[r*+], r>0
I
Since, flx) is differentiable in.R.

.'.continuityatx =0
t=q=1'
and derivable at r =0
, t=p
p+q+)'=3 Ans.
ln*, r<0 [Inr, 0<r<, l"-,
r <0
iii) /(r) = ]! x = 0; gkt = f-ltrl = lO, x=l ;f'(r)=11, r =0
[r+1 x>0 lr- 1, r>1 lt r >0
'\ r,1]
f' on2)* f'I * 'l.
2) f'[r"-1]
22)
* r'[r"4'] + ..6
\ 2')
s=1+1*a*a*...-
2 22 2:l
s113
-={-*-*-*,..rc
222223
{=1+ o+Z*Z*...*
22223
s-11 1
-=I*-+-*...o=-=2
2222 11
,-
2
S=4 Ans.
iii) g(r)=lnr 0<r<1
E'\x) = -
x
1
=+ r'(i)=, Ans.
1, /(0-) = 2, f(0*) = 2, f(0) = 2; f'(0*) = zf' (0-) _-,

f(1*)= f(l)=f(L-)=e2 - L(each)
Also, lim [/(a)] = 2 Ans.
r -+0+
1
1
n*(kn -
1i*[/(-l))) =n-' = r+0\
z. :+0\ Bx7 + Cx2 -Dx+E n-3
lar / b,3 I' =
A
= 2
=-3+A=-6
So, f(x) = (- 6xa - ?nz) Ans.
3. At x =2,
R.H.D. =5+11-rl=5+1=6
L.H.D. = 5
So, f(r) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2.
Aliter:
[5x+1, x<2 lbr + l- x<2
l2
f(x)=li ,.-t)dt+i{++t>at, x>2 =
1t* +* +1- , x>2
Ans.
[o I lz
4. r=tan0,y=sece
(A) yB -x3=sec30-tan30
(B) lim (seco - tano) = li*
1- tilo
=o
o-tr22 o+r cos0
(c) lim (sec2 0 - tan2 0) = 1

^tr
H+
2
(D) lim (sec3 o -tan3 o) = D.N.E.
H+ fr
2
5. lrl>irl Y xeR = f(x) =max.{lrl,cosr}

v:lxl
x Ans.
Limits. Continuity and Di,fferentiability 107
6. (A) Iim g(f(x)) = lim B(r) = D.N.E.

r +1' r +0-
(B) lim g(f(g(x))) = lim Sff@)) = Lim 8(r) =0
i r+0- x--+2-
'"2
(c) 1i- flg(r)) - o
x-z* f(x) - 2
(D) 11* s(/(r))_ = Iim g(2-x) _
* -o' \flx) -2)' x +o' (2- x - 21"

= lim
[2*xl-cos(2-x-2) = Ilm 1 - cosr Ans.
x +0+ x-, r -r0- x'
7. f(x) =
1 - cos{r}
*2(*2 +ax2 +bx+c)z
xB +axz +bx+c=(x, -1)(r -2)(x -B)=r'-612 +l1x-G
a+b+c=-t
1- cos{r}
f(x) =
*2((x - 1) (r - 2) (x - B))2
Now,
.1
l=-.m=-andfL=-
1 1
8' I 72
-19
.'. l+m+n=-.
72
8. Graphofy=91*1
From the graph it is clear that
(A) range of g(;) is [- 4, -)
(B) lim [g(r)] = - 1
r +0-
(C) B(r) is continuous at x =0

(D) g(r) is continuous * = -=3
^t 2
but discontinuous atx =!2

.'. Options (A), (B) and (C) are correct.
9. Clearly, f(x) = 2',so a =8,b = 2+ 8= 10, c = 8- 2=6.
Clearly, l = 1(g) (6) = 24
2
A24 _ .t
s12
108 9ff ?rs 9 lsry: "in -QsMy p".
t!!iu:*& -&-!yt!p r e)
A
--*--2, . 2tare- -
Also, tanA=!=
3 1-hn24 =trrr42 =12 Ans.
1 1
10. As lim(1+ lnr .ln G2 + ZS))il:i = lim((l+ lnr. lnllzz + 25))r i

x+7 x -r1
1ln ln(h2 +25)
lim
r -l +25t
-nr'-'t = nlnrhz - h2 + 25
h,2 + 25 = le(2sir2 cr + ScosB + 5)
= 2sin2cr+3cosp+S=n+.4-
'k
.25
" k - - * ?!
k+
. .ln.zJ =h >to
2\hk
But L.H.S. < 10
So. both L.H.S. and R.H.S. should be equal to 10.
= sin2 cr = l and cosB = 1
sinlo cr + coss B
Hence, Ans.
sin2 cr + cosp
11. /'(r) = rlim

fG+h)-fG) = lim
+0 h n-+o
fo r(t. !)- r,o

lim
= h+0
h
ftxt|/l1*hl-1l
\ xl
r*h (h e(t l'l-,
x\
r+gl(h\
_
[ ) \x )) lim-"\ri-f(x\
I
= lim
i+0
= f(r) lim =ftx). l-o
x x
f' ti =
fk) 7-
= + f{x\ = cx
x =frGl
f(xl x
As/(r) = 1=c=1
Hence, f(x) = x Ans.
12. Given,
ln(2 + *2) - *2" sin(*2)
/(r) =,lim
I-l.^ -
2),
- sin(r -m(tr(-1
ln 3 - sinl
[lr, (2 + ,'), <l *2 , r--1
-.
for0 S
1
2
lkr3-rirr1 forx2 =1
Now, l(x\=l o , = ln(2 + x2), -1<r<1
In3-sin1 x =l
[-.ir,lr't, for12 > 1
2'
- sin (r2), 1<r<-
Note: /1r) is an even fitur:tion rrlso.
(A) As, f(x) and g(r) are continuous for every r e -B and fog (x) is defrned, then
obviously f@(x)) is also continuous for every x e R.
(B) As, /(r) is continuous on .R such that lim f(x) = 0 and lim fG) = 0, so clearly
r r- @
/(x) must be bounded
(C) Let i@) = cos (nr) - 3r + 1
Clearly, f(.x) is a continuous function in [0, 1]'
Also /'(0) = 1 - 0 + I = 2 and f(1) = - I - 3 + 1 = - 3 =+ /(0) f(1) < 0
So, by intermediate value theorem, the equation f(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (0, 1).
Note that f'G)=-nsin(nx)-3<0Vre[0,il * f@) is strictly decreasing
function on [0, 1].
Hence, the equation f(x) = 0 will have exactly one root in (0, 1).
(D) We know that every continuous function in [o, b] is always bounded.
So, there exists some c e la, bl where f(r) attains its maximum value.
So, by extreme value bheorem, f(c) > f(x) Y x e la, bl.
r4. a,,, b,r, cn atethe roots of t:) - (2n + 1)t2 + (2n,- 1) f + 1 = 0
Hence, f = 1or t = tt -{"\lort =nn rff nt
Since, ct, > b, > c,,
r ^---
o,=ft+r/r'+7>l>n-
on=
t_
nLI+
\
/;ll"') (B)
Now, lim Iirn =2 .-+
n IL
lim
or=
n
lim
"[,- F+
n
=0+(C) Ans.
110
_*qBPft _,gl-ertingplqylyp.*(lrfu!t*Fglylelg
-I - cosZ *
____
15, h = lim x
-1
.f, -+@ -I + -,---
sinx .
lc
lz lim z'l
' = h-o* Jo hz-!-d* lim I zlt^r-, Llt = rl''
= = n--r- Ans.
+ x2 l- n-*-' h)o_
Not,f ,n =, ,r428s7.and z= 3.i4tse2e]
l?
16. Given, f'(t) = e' (cos2 t - sin2t)
.'. Integrate both. sides with respeo to f , we get
f(t)=et cos2t+C
But, /(0) = 1+C=0
So, f(t) = e' cosz t
Clearly,
[As,--q1 <0so0 <e' < land0 < cos2t < 1=0 <e, cos2t sL=fisboundedin
(-*,0).1
Note that / is neither odd nor even function.
Also f(t) = et =e' cos2[ = st qcos2, = 1
.'. t = 0, n, 2n e 10, 2nl . So, 3 solutions exist.
1
Also, 1-,0
lim (/0lrr (l-form) er, where z = lim cosz t - t)l,9
,""*]
=
ifolle' t )l,g'".",,J
e'(cos2 t - sin 2f)
= li1m = e' (UsingL'Hospital rule) Ans.
,++0
t-
Ir
lri*i- 1-n-2.
t ; ,"
t)
+.....+(2n-1)).,
_ ltxl, x+)
r
17. f(x't=],,*11+n2 ,f
"' n+n" ) 2
I
ft
L, X=-
t 2
13 (2n
\.n-L) ( =_-;_
(2r I * _-;:J (2n-1)
+... + .-.- - :. <- 1
I-I- (2n 1)
"' + _q
. I - '
n+n2 n+12 (n+
(n- n2) l+n2 z+"2
(rt
1n.+nz) --'- l+n2
+_-r 3 r
(2n -.7)
7+nz l+n2
n2 <____J__I g
-_ I a \2n-t)
+.....+,-'' . n2
".-_2", 1;;* u n,
,
+rr u ;
lim t' .. lim
=1and ,r-*7+n2, =1 n
n'*n*fi"
-. ( 1 s (2n-1))
lim l----:-+--: " +.....+ "- r' l=f
,--[l+n" 2+n" n+rt" )
* f(x) is unbounded'
Now..,atr = I
Clearly, L H;. = R.H.L. = r= i l; j
But /(r) is discontinuous ar aII integers as [r]is discontinuous at integers. Ans.

18. (A) As lim r' = 1
r +(,
lim [x" -t')=(or -1)=-1

*-o* \ l
G) lim r' l.r.E = t h* xzlnx 19; -)form

x+o' !r 2 x-o+
-1..116 Inx (-\^
l- ltorm
- 2 ,-;o- 1/x2 [-/
llm Llx
1 ..Irm x2
=--1-.
2 ,--;o- -21x3 4r+o*
=O=(B)vanishes.
-=- +lnl= lim - 'lnr::: ; [-]ro"*

(C) Let l= lim nrn(a+1)
r -ao* r +o* (ln (r + 1))-' \- /
1
x (r + 1) In2(r + 1)
=r lim =r Iirn
+0+ -1 X
1 +0+ -x
ln2(r + 1) (r + 1)
,,*
lrm [ln(x+1)'l
=_ .;o;I l___ xrtr+1t
x )
=-(1)2 x0x(0+1)=0
Hence l= 1.
-r)/2. -r)
(D)
x+0
2' 5'
lim 10* - -
.r+tan.f,
+ 1' lim
= r+0
,
t,s''
[ ]1. * ,)* =0 =(D) vanishes. Ans.
lr
( * '""{l
r)
19. Let %3 -(hn-1r)3

Z= iim
;;; j tci,",,l
-8tr3 cot-1 lkxl+ k2x6 sin J, - en*'
lt
/ i \d
e_ltan'.r l
I
= L= I+6lim
^ t?'.i., 1 2
8"ot-1
ltzxl+ ,*t -Bk
x';
Now, if ft = 0, then , =?+ =;
;',
And,iffr *0,then L = _=]= h2 -3k- 4 =0 *k= 4, _ !_
=-*
0+k2-Bk 2
Let x e[m, m + 1) where m e I then f(x) = x + [x) - x + m.
': f'(x) = 1 > 0 Y x e(m, m + L):. f(x) is strictly increasing
;...f -t(x) exists.
y - f(x) = x + mlx = y - nl.
but m4x <tn.+L...2m<x +tn<2m+L,..2m< y <2m+I
ly)=2m .'. m ='+ . = y - m = y -t+= f-t(y)
f-'(*)=, - I2 Y x e[2m, 2m + l)where rn e.I
f. Vxe[0, 1)
Now, f'(x)= x +[x]=.], * 1 Vr e[L,2)
which is discontinuous at *"l;"r""J;:';r?,
Consider, f*1(*) = * -l4where x e l2m, 2m + lj.
lx Vre[0, 1)
]*-r vre[2,3)
l* - z V -re [4, 5)
clearly,. f-'(*) is continuous y x e[2m, 2m + r)where z e.I considerins
-rtx) only R.H.L. exists and is equal to
,lim f f-L(zm) f -i(- ir;;;ri"";;: ..:.
Y x e[2m, 2m + 1)(m e I) i.e., f -'(*) continuous in its domain.

Ans.
2]^. Clearly, /(r) is continuous every where
but non-derivable at 3 points uiz. x = 9 JJ N+e
2
Now verify alternatives from graph.
' r+ s(n.0)\
y=
Also, range of f(x)i. "= :
[- -, ry)
t
Graph ofy = f(r)
22. (A) f(e) = l;f(e*) = l; f(e-) = L

(l,l)
(B)Here, u=13,t--l3 ;soo +
1=
rr. = 13 - 3 = 1o
x: _1
I r*]
l,-*', x<o
(-1,-1)
(C)f(.r) =r'sgt, = 10, r =0
l*', r>o
(D) As, is continuous on [-1, il and f e 1) = 4, f(7) = 3
f
= there exists a number r such that lrl
< 1 and f(r) = n .
25. f@) = max. (x, x2, x31 Ans.
(c
l*'r -rc(r(0
= 1*, 0 < r < L
l"', 1(t<- Ciraph of y: f(x)
Now verify alternatives.
Note : ,f(ru) it continuous V re R but non-derivable at 2 points viz. x =0,L.
24. (A) l'(x) = r - cosr ;/(0) < 0, f(nl 2) > 0
(B) /(r)=x*sinr-1
,r(0) = - 1< 0; f'(rl6) = * n 1- 1> 0
62
(C) f'tx) = a(x - 3) + b(r - 1) in [1, 3]
f(t) = - 2a < 0; f$) = 2b > 0 = fk) =0 in (1, 3)
(D) h(r) = f(x't - g(r)
hb)=f(a)-g(o)>0
f(b) * e$) <0
h(bi) =
Hence using IVT all the four have at least one root in indicated interval. Ans.
(A) Incorrecb. For example,
[2, x =o
gtr)=lx, O<x<2
I
lo, x=2
Onto but discontinuous. Onto and continuous.

!*1_l .G!H|B- Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(B) Incorrect. For example g(r) = I V, e[0,2]

2
Continuous but not onto. Onto and continuous.

(C) Correct.
As range is bounded, so g must be bounded.

(D) correct. By extreme value theorem, if g is continuous in[a,
b]then g must be
bounded. Ans.
l-t' -e(r <1
26. h(xJ=ftxl+ g(r)= ),a+4-Zx, l<x<2
l"-b-1+x, 21x<*
I
.'. Wemusthaveeithera=-B,b*LorS=\a*-B
Ans.
p cos.r
i +Jr
27. lim ex
==L=o=s€E-{o}
r +0+ 1+sinx u+q
I + q cos.r
er
+1
pcosx+xex
lim =P=0
r+0 1
1+sinx+qcosxer
p=0,s€R-{0} Ans.
115
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilitl'
28 .rr31 'r(+#l ;[t'-:)" -['-#)")

t-r( 1 1)
" [, +z- n) 1. ,.
=-lna- lrm
nk-l (- z)
Ino ,r-,'
lim . 2 ,i.'* nh+2)
,l" *lr- 1
(t _ n)
.y2
I
I n + 2/
Ans.
Now analyse.
Zg. f@)isdiscontinuouswhere (sin2x - sinr - 1)(sin2r + sin.r + 1) =0.
('.'sin2r + sin x +l= 0hasnorealroots')
= sin2r - sinr -1=0
. ^:-..-1t€ or sinr=LS ('.'-1<sinx<1)
=Srnf=- 22
graph of sin r +
There will be two values of r between n and 2n for which sinr = +2

.'. For 4 points of discontinuity, z can take the value 4 ot 5' Ans.
Pr1)
I gI Dr+3r
30. lim ro 4'=
f(x)= xlim t
lim''",'=0
r. >o' -@ et-
n)^
(As we know !---n = o, n e N) = Jr$ f@) = /(0) =0

.lim
r
'"(l,r
)
Pv-3)
'n'=lim
I
f'$)= lim - o Ans.

' h-.0 r tr€ e'
he hn
Exercise-4
Match the Columns Type
1. (A) f(x) = (x + 1) l-r ^

l-2 - -,.
Ls x>l
I -.ll=.1
' lt-*'; x <l
(B) /(r) = min. ( lrl, 1- lr l)
o (0, o)
(C) /(r) = {r} + 2[x1= x +[xl

At xel,
L.H.L=I+(I-D=21 -l
R.H.L=I+I-%=f(t)
.'. Not continuous, hence not differentiabre at integrar points.
z. (A) /r+o 1i_ {!3"o.h*a.i"A-A-l(D

f tTeh -5seci + 4l - f(2) (3','*)
(-3sin h + 4 cosh) f' (B cosh + 4 sin h 2)
-,.*
= IIITI
h )o (.3ett
-
+"19=qs =4=4 (p)
- Sseclr tanh) f, (Bet, - Ssec h+ q) 3 f'(2) 3x2 6 =
-
(B) Ji* fQa hll -t2al = 4(Given)
f' (?a1.*)= A+0 +
2at)-rr^f G2a+4)1[J-2a)- (2a-h)- f (%.)

Now, /'(- lt+o ,r^ f
2h h _; o 2h
('../ is an even function)
y^ t'(2a + h) - f (Zo) f' (2a*) +
=
h:o 2h -= - Z -=r=2=(S)
-
Lirnits, Continuity and Differentiability tt7
(': f{x) = f(Aa - x)V x el2a,4ol\
lP,rt* =Za+h. I
f W"gut f Qa+h\=f t2ct-ht ]
(C) We have F(r) = f(e') =+ F' @) = n' 1' ,"',

and G(r) - ,f(x\ =G'(x) = ef &\ f '(x)
. c'(o)
- =t:q!: _ f '(o) "t'ot = 31' = 3
= (R)
F,(o) eoy,1eo) f'(t) "3
(D)
f(x) is non-derivable at
2points x=xlandx=l
.'. Number of points of non differentiability = 2 (S) Ans.

=
3. (A) ir;,\ =[4-l "*(x2 - x + 1)
Lft] V:]
l<
r tt2
*- . lwhich i, > I
o
*2 - * * t=(
\2) 1l- 44
Clearly,
H
=sgn(*2 -* +1)=1
-3 ; -2sx <-rl2
-Z i -nl2<x<-nl4
:+ -1 ; -rcl4<x<0
fr.j,) =[gl=
Lr_l 0 ; 0<x<nl4
I ; nl4<x<nl2 H
2 ; rl2<x<2
Clearly fr is discontinuous and hence non-derivable at 5 points uiz.
1r,I^]T7T
x=--.--.U.-.- 42
2'4'
Also.E6 = {- 3, - 2, - l, O, l, 2}=(A)-+P, Q, R, S, T Ans.
118 GRB proaZems in Calgulus (Hints & Solutions)
(Bt f2tx\= cos-,["4.,"=' .)), ..."o.( n= (."-;)= sin nr

T) "o.
= f2G) = cos-1 (sgn(sinrr))
'0 x=-2
1 -2<x<-7
0 x=-L
-1 -1<x<0
_N-lo M sgl (sin nr) = 0 r =0
graph ofy' : sin rx 1 0<r<1
0 r=1
-1 1<x.<2
0 x=2
n/2 ; x=-2
0 ; -2<x<-l
n/2; r=-1
n ; -1<r<0
+ f2\x)= cos-l(sgn(sin rr)) = n/2; x=0 (0, rl2)
a a
0 ;0<r<1
r/2', x=t
fi v:0
; l<x<2 ---#-o__ v:0
rc/2 ; x=2 -2 -l
Clearly, fz@) is discontinuous and non-derivable at 5 points uiz. x
=-Z-1,0,1,2.
Also Rf, = Io.r J
l'z J
(B) -+P, Q, S, T
Ans.
(c) fs(x) = max (k), i- rl)
:l
= 1t2
x
U2 tu U2 | 3,2 2
-2 3t2 -t
Clearly, /3 is discontinuous at 5 points uiz. x = 2, l, O, l, 2
- -
- - - l, - ! , 0, !, ,,2,
and non-derivable at 9 points r-tiz. x = 2,
Z,
, Ans.
Note: as fi is discontinuous atr, = -2and2so f, is non-derivable atx = -2 and 2 because
continuitv is mr-rst necessarv for derivabilin,
Also Rf, ={o},

[1,
r)
= (c) +P, r
119
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
( 2,6)
(D) f+(r) = ^[*2 +lx)z o (2.6)
[-x+4 -2<x-l
]-,*r -1<x<0
0Sr<1 2().3\
=lrl+lxlz =\x ,/.t'x+l
lr+1 l<x<2 (1.3)
^"_4,
f-a
Iu
4 points uiz' x = -1"0' 1' 2'

Clearly. fa is tiiscontinuous and non-derivable at
Also, fG2)=f(2)=6butf[-;)=9"'d4])=]
=+ /a is many one but not
even'
Ans.
(D) -+P, Q, S, T
4. (A)Clearly, l*'-91* l*'-41= 5= l@''9) -(r'- ql
So, (r2 -9) (x2 -+)<0(Aslal+lbl=lo-bl+ob<0)
= re [-3, -2)v lZ31
Graph of y: f(x) Graph of y: f(lxl)
Clearlv. Rrrr"rr =l- 4,21

f(lxl) = I
I \ l--t'
.'.Number of intirgers in the range of function

(P)
Now, crearly )\'*$yry=.ris *=## o = =
"['-i' . )*o.lr*i,*r]'* )-*,

(c) L= lim (r /sinr
r+0 I -r -
-tanr))^.1
tr
[ ,' ,3 )
- o\
x (q + b) + x" (b +B) *r""(h
i 2_ 6l*.....
L=6lim--
r+0 X"
-L=6(q-g)
\2 6)
+ a +b =0andb + 3 = 0+b = -3' Alsoo =3
-\ 2-:'l= rr.Hence, l':! )= +9 =9=3 + (R)

L =61-: 6t - \ o 3
1.20
$f[l31!kn2 1y1^ _C*g!c
yl u s (H i n t s & S o I u t i o n s)
(D)Wehavel-, I =L- 2 -tzz +k-2-(k+2)(k-:t)

u*rc, ' 0z+t)k k(k+1) - (lr.Dk
Hence,
'.={J_T fr,#1;zi ##)t3: z ffi)
a).
[sinr x 0
<
(A) f(x)=ltanr ' o<x<2n

lcosr , 2n1x<3n
i-1 , r=3r
Clearly, f (x) is discontinuous at I,,n = B numbers.
*, = (Q)
(B) f(x) = 2-kk - 3) + 2(x - 7)) * u- 2(x +l)(x - 2) +k
(r-1)(x-2)(r-B) (r-1)(x-2)(r-3)
)Y'rfo=k-6
Astan rrr=('unnl"--,asn-)-.Hence
\ y ) f(2)= n =2
-----''-' nl2
atr = 2.
Now, /(x) is continuous =+ (S)
Hencek-6=2=k=8.
I ic<-2
(c) we have r/( rrr) , <r
-2 <0
r=,*r- z= Iti x, 0< x <2
t;- I xg) 2
:|, -21
'y
2-x 1 -x
(-2,0) Q,a)
So, we have to check differentiability at only 3 points. i.e., lc = {_ Z 0,2} =r (e) Ans.
6.
[_sin_r, r <0
(A)
llll. o<x<2n
f(x)={l 3l'
l-"o.r, 2rc3x <}rc
I
[-1 x 23n
Clearly, f(r) is discontinuous at 3, 6,2rc*3 points. = (R) Ans.
(B) ,. ln(l + x + x2 +...+ x") \x + x2 +...+ x") .
llJIl_._=I.
:+0 (X+X2+...+X") nX
lim
L+x+x2+,..+x"-l=1=1
*+0 n5
= z=5= (T)
(C) 8(r) = ixQ.tc + L) (?-x - 1) | cos(rr)
So, g(x) is differentiable at, = +, 1.
2'2
6(r) is "oririrr,rorr* at x =0, but non-differentiable at r = 0.
+ Number of points equal 1.
4)_
(D) ri*[ f(2+3h fQ-5h4 _ r.^({ frz*snot- flzt\*r( fo- 5h4) - f(2)
ft +o[ h' a -o[ [ ghq (.
,, - 5h4 ))
')
=8f'(2)=t(i)=2+(Q) Ans.
( -,n )
r-sinr-cos'["',J
7. (A) lim
-+0
* x',
*.-,[,
-14
2
z; )
(B) lim J-, , ""-'I t**i) =-1=(P) Ans.
r -+0 x'
2-x - sinZ-x - *" ,[r?r,)
(C) lim (Q) Ans.
r+0 3
,c-
722 QRB- Ppplryq trsgkyly_(HiryE & Sotutions)
- *J
(D) lim
; [""'[*,-'[r 3,))J,*"-'[, T-z.r
22a Ans.
I+@
[t*"o.t) IE
t 2
llt
"o.-tl
[r)
I
7 , ., tu. 1-.
,-{,_1J] "'(-o)
8.(B) LetL=limln-
tnL= lim tana I !:- l= u- 2lnn - ln(n - L) t-l

,,,6 Jn lz_1) u,._ (rt
coU
(Jrl
-I
Prt n=t2 = lim 4ln/ - ln(r2 - 1) = lim
-+-
2(t2 - 2)
l 1) l+-
"o,fttrl
tG2 - L) cosec2 f'))\t2
f 1)
\t )
1
-. z(t' - ,,lti" l' =o
=ti*Hl-t'1
''-ttf''-1)[
; )
tr=1= (e)
(C) sin2r=t€
2
2-x e (0, 4r)
Hence, 8 solutions.
(D) Since g(r) is differentiable V x e R
/(r) must have the factor x(x - l) (x - 2) atleast once.
minimum 3 roots of f(x) = 0 =+ (R)
Exercise-5
lnteger Answer Type
(n
cos-r(1 - n').(cos-r(1 -h))z
. [r-
l. 'fl0-)=lim\' ) fi
lim
(cos- 1(1 - hD2 r0j
h --:0 2h .(l - h2)
A
t It +O lo/
Put cos-1(1- /z) = e
=rli,r( ,' l=r*z=r

4o-o*[1-cos0J 4 2
L_iy:!', c",f!y:yt_l t23
",ldlj[tg!l!!,"!l!ity -
tr=ptGiven)
f(0.)=
,2
2
- (1 - h)2) (cos-l(1 - $- DDz -- 7I ..lrm sin-1(t-(t- h2)) = It_=Q
1(1 2
sin-
/(0- ) =
8 n-+o (1- (1 - rr,2)
rlim 2(7- h)(t - (r - D2) 8
(Given)
( nn\ r/2
'':- xfi=4 Ans.
lt"l=
Iq/ n'18
/ / -r\
= tanlsin-'l*'a,J,]
"18 "6
,l*'-Br+1
- tc =3r2 - 9r + 3
1^
*3x2 -10r+3=0 + (3r*1)(r-3)=0 + x=-.6
3',
.'. (8o + zB - s0) =8/3 +23 - l=2+8- 1=9 Ans.

( * !g:' 5-!9!1 12n + 1 t cosr
)
lim rrrle 2 'e 2' 'e 2t ...e 2n
"o'
3. fk\ = n'e I
[ ,l
( 3 cosr
cos.r+-*-i...-l- 5 cosr (2n + 1) cos.r
Itm
= ,-{2
22 23 2"
cosf, Scosx Scosr
l\x)= 2 * 2, * ,, +...€
1 ^. . cosr Scosr +... + €
,l\xl =:zr-
*
z,
1 ^. cos.r 2cosx 2cosx
\*' --- + - --+ --- +...6
t(x)=
2t 2 22 23
f(x) =costr + cosr + :;1 * tS' *...-

4L
=cosr * tot1 =3cosr

1-1
2
tr Il=[cosx]
g(r)=1./trt
LJJ
Hence, number of values of x in [0, 2rc] where lcosr] is discontinuous is 4, i.e.,
!t.
22 zn.
o . 1. Ans.
a. f@) = sgin((r -2)2 + ft2). Clearly flr) is discontinuous at exactly one point i.e.,
x=2fork=0.
tan-t k+ cos-1 + cosec-l( zk_ t) = o n
i: (#)
& =o
5. S, = f.rr.,- ,(- ztz' - tl l- , -,( 2t2r - L)

+
Zt 1a * l;FC:fr -\)
r7rz - 2, *y)= ,!r'^n
( 2r-r ) f ,2 _r,-D2 \
= iru,,-'i- --,
,4, - l= i,r.,-'l , .l
' -,,-y
-rt)2 3,*-
l, . t .(r ) 1r.,, )
(r
= i[*r- , -,r,r-r
r=I\-2) +
-1t2 I
s, = tan- '+ =cot(s, ) = 4

s, - r = rurr- '[('' -- r)' ) 2
\ '-)=cot(S"-r)=,,r-Y
cot(S,-1) - cot(S,, = -
*+ 3
;* - cots,) =,]*,I
(* 3)
i(cot(s,,)
"lr z 2\'1-3)-r |-jr. r z z)l
_lt
"' ))
rim(z-Z\=,
= ,--\
nr)
_
=
r:*
IIITI
zt2 -t -l-(t2 -t +l)
''*trlzt2 -t -1*,,p -t l:*t.tt,D,-tl
t2 -2 1
=----=----=
G,ll+Dfii-u
Now,llr - ! - Gl = &has four distinct solutions if &e (0,6).
.'. Number of integral values of &is 5.
Ans.
^' - - v r 1
7. f(xy)=f(x)+f{y)+*'' vr,y>0
x,y
f'(*) =
+ h) - f(x)
t5'rc h
h\*
f(x) + r(t +
\ x/
Iim
= h+O
h
h
f(r*ol-rrl x+ *(r*h
h,,l \ x/ +
x Ix
,-.rl h
h,c .(r + h)
\ x/
fr)-
(
r(r * roi
lim I
o -o x'..1
I x
*+ r..f'(r)=21
f'G)=1xx'
f(x\=l.tr-1+. x,
Putting r = 1
f(1)=- 1+c + c=0 t.'/(1)=-11

f(x) =1" -1 x
lteroo) = 1oo -+ =[fleloo)] = 99 Ans.
l+cnz
-' lim
As,
;;;(2n+B+2sinn)z 4' 4 2
in
'l' ,\-
Now both roots lies [2, -).
D > o.
'2a
-*!. z and
*l 'u
f(2) > 0, where f(x) = *2 - 2p* + pz
D = 4p2 - 4p'+ 4 >0
=lr9 =p>2 ...(i)
2a
f(z)=4-4p+ p2 -l>O =p2 -4p+3>O
:+ (p-1)(p-3)>0 ... (ii)
(i) n (ii)
= p >3.'.p,,i,, = 3. Ans.
r - *.(r - *{; -,))

9. f(x) = r >0
x'
l"sin4r
r <0
r-.or[r-t"J,.-r))
\4
119+; =,lim
t o
))
x'
=!
,'- isin4x
f(o-)=r+0- X
=2-)"=!2
/(0) + 2)"=3 Ans.
10. As sin-1 a, + sin-' *, ... + sin-l an - U
2
= sin-r cr1 = sin-1 a2 =-,,= sin-lcr, =!(...-I."i.r-t.,<I)

2\ 2 2)
+ Gl = 02 =...Ct, = 1
n
So, p=ff (1)'=1
r=l
[ *v3 - (B- 2ifl4 , x+l
'
Hence, f(x)=1 ,
*._*
lh, x =l
Clearly, f(r) is continuous at x = l.
, *L/3
R=__ - (B - 2n)u4
x -x
o+h)il3 -(t-2D1t4 (Puttingr =1+
= lim h)
h+o (1+h)2 -(7+h)
115
326
--a_---
/x
Hence, 6G+d=619+rl=rr Ans.
\o)
\ -1 .g= j
l.(1+cos20+cose)=-
)2 2
/ - / ar3
l,E.o.l"-ell
i \4 )) -2^{,
and limtr
(coso+sin0)3 -2J, (*
L-sin20 \
0'+
4 1 - cos [; - ,n.J
- 2Jrir - .o*''
[X
- r)
2 sinz (; - .)
)
PutfI-e)=r.then
\4 )
-. ( - ,12 tt -cos3
, t) ,. ( - "E tt -cos t) (1 + cos f * .o.'r))
)
=lrm!
r-o[ sin2, )
I=
lll1 tr - .mrrrr . .". tl t
.'.m- -3J' - 3
2 ^1,
So.l2 + *' =? *9- =27
'424
Hence, U2 + m2l = 6 Ans.
12. Wehave f(d= 1-13 and95(r)= 111

+ +..... +
f(xt f(.%) f (5x)
o
1-
11+ ..... +
Now, u* 1- s:(r) = ;*0
1i- l'(r) _f
(.5,x)
;:;i) ,3 x'1
(1-r'l*( 1 -rl+..*( 1 -rJ

= *lim
l/("r ) \f(%) J (/t5rr )
-+0 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 l
x'l,( 1 + (2r)
f tlx) ft4xt ft5,rrti
l
[/trl f
(1-f(x))
' +$-fl%c)t+...... +
(1-f(5-r))
= lim f(x) fQ-x) f(Sx)

r+0 5x3
13+23+33+43+53
[5t5+1))2
2 )
=\ 5
=4s Ans.
13. Note that lengths of the direct common tangent on two circles, tzingent to each
other.
Now between C1 and51,

PR = 2t[iRr
and PQ = 2.[iR2
but PQ=PR+RQ
2.[roar=2,[iRr+2{aR,
r=E* J' (Dividing Uy /n,,B, I
,lR, JE;
1= 1* 1
...(i)
J; "tR, ,tR,
but Rt=Rz=1(Given)
L=z=r,' = 1
Jt, 22
Againfornextcircle, : = .L . + [From (i), we have.Bl -+

J; ,TR' ,E 4l
=1+2=3
1
oo2
o
1
llVv fn=
(n + 1)2
)[; +- 1 + ..... * r,,1 I

Iim
12 ) 22 +32 + .....+h+1)2
= lim
,3 n3
h+l)2 *l
u*I
,r-- n3
1
Ans.
Limits, Continuity and Differentiabll4Z
t29
14. LeL,1,, = -i ,t + cosr)2 d/ =,lim(1+ cosr)2 = 4

,liTo ' i o
andLr=,Iig ,t + cosr)2 d/ =,li11i cosr +r::9:Z)dt

ii i t'+
+ 2cos, * 1.o, z,)a, =|
=,rig ii l;
-\- . *l= 11 Ans'
Hence, Lr) = 2[n
'"2, z) [])=
2(L, + z
\2)
f(il, -L<r<1
g(r), r e (- -, - 1) u(1, -)
15. F(r) = /(1) + g(1) ^" _.1
2
ft-1) +g(-1) *__1
2
continuousatx=1 = f(1-)=F(1*)=F(1)
= ftt-)=s(1-)= llf!.i
) 1(1+b) -5+a-+b
4+a=L+b=(4+o) 22
b-a=3 .. .(i)
continuous atx =-l = f'(-1-) =F(-1+; =F(-1)

(4-o)+(b-1)
= b_l=4_a= 2
= b-l=4-d=3+b--a
2
a+b=5 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii),

+ a=7,b=4 + a2 +b2 =17 Ans.
16. Since, f(r) is derivable ir,G Z 2)'

Derivability of f(x)atx = - f-is possible onlywhenb - 2=o=b=2.
{'.' lr + llis non-derivable at x=- l'l
similarly, derivability of f(x)atx = f.is possible onlywhen c + 2=O=c = - 2.
Now, f(r) becomes
ln(1- x) + atan-l x + 2, - 2<x <0

f(x) = 2, r=0
l'1] ," [n
ek _e \ l2l/_ 1
x
o , 0 <x <2
ln(1- x)+atan-7 x+2, -2<x<0

f(x) = , r=0
eb -?*,- | o <x < z(...0q I q 1 =lll = ll
x 2' \ 2 lzl 2)
..
= lrm "b -2r-1. -.4=1X4=2
1
: -0r 4x' 2
lim ln(1 -r) + o tan-l x + 2= 2
: +0-
ln(l+ h)+atan-I (- h)+2-2
f'(0-)
' =.lim
h+o -h.
,. a tan-L (- h\
b -r ---------------
ln (1 +
llm ----------:- = - 1+o
h--->0 - h -h
e2h -2h-l
'=- --" o
- Z
f'(O*) = lim fr" = lim
e2h-zh-l-2h2
h-+0 h h--+o h3
-47
.'.A-L=*=O=_
33
ga2 +b2 +c2 =g.9+4+4=b7
= 9
fi. ffolcan be taken in 2 ways{-f(0)
=1
" _:/t0)=_1
-l
llllyatx=1,2,3,4 Bpossibilities -. -.
think !
and at r =b only one possibility_.1
.'.Total number offunctions = 2 x 84 x L = 162.
f or
18. Letf'
I !2ll_>,Ebe
afunctiondefined as f(x) =l}x)-{Zx}.
'lO,
fk)=terl
f
-{2r}
or
, e I O, 9 ldiscontinuous at
I 2,)
-r
1214
=3. -. :. --. 1 Ans.
3 2's',
19. b2 +c2 =a2 ...(i)
also 2mo = o,
(median to the hypotenuse is half as along as hypotenuse)'
a.ho =bc = L;A = 90o ...(ii)
A
2bccosll \l rx,
and uro
2 = _ ZOc ...trul
b+c b+c
No*.zmo-2ho -2a'mo-2a'ho = 9''2b"

"""'i*, - 2h, 2a.wo - 2a'ho ,l? ob, _ ,u"
, b+c
I
(b2 + c2 -2bc)(b + c) (b - c)2 (b + c)

- + c) zb"l@$' . A
"u" -2bc(b
zJ-z - ta + c)]
(b-c)2 (b+c) W;A +(b + c)

2bcl2(b2 +c2)-(b+c)21 2bc
ra+crI $E;e+{b+c)]
lim
6+c 2bc
b-+ c=9=t -->l

c
(,t* 1'lI
lim
( r,/L "8l:.4 +0+D] 212 + 21
Ans.
t-7 2 I
20. Given an+t - an = 4i +3
h-l
Now o7, -ar= \(an+t - &n) = \n* + s) = 4(t? - rrg + Ytt? - t) = 2k2 + h - 3
n=l n=1
= ap=2k'+k-3
So, lim E* *n-s* 2GIi2 +@k)-3+...+ -3

2(4ro b)2 + (410i?)
k+* 2QH2 +(2tt)-3+...+ 2(zto k)2 + (zto k) - 3
E*!- 1 * 2(4)2 + 2(410)2_1'1

k
_1
Iim \khz
= h-->* tz'
/,f;1 3* +l- -k32 o10
tl-' n- h2 z{z)2 2e1o)2 +; -n'3

1(+rt - r)
3 = 683 Ans.
2"', -1
=
r)
"',t [' 5)= fr-t-"{ = y-t# "# D,:: +:.l"n-O=ou
lae+d=ap*r)
=
lao or a, r\(a2 at o,*r

t"' l=lgnllo,,, l=lenllL,l,o,,oo at _ dt
% ,l=[,, ll
=
for a2 % )1", ", ,]=[*,,r ", )
"
ot+(n-l)d
l=,- o
\-..-_.w-
zero as n -)6 )"'
13d83
butl-4 =-+:=-:---'-
A1 44a1 4
-d
Hence d = 6. Ans.
22. subtracting equation (ii) from (i), common roots are the roots of r 2 * q - r =0
which has two roots say r, and 12 such that 11 + x2 - 0.
= lr1 + x2 + a"= - 2and xr + rcz+p= - 1
cL=-2, 0=-1
, ln3
-n"t"n-nt
L.H.L. = lim
h -s0
e = nlns = B=/(0-) = f(O) = 11 =g
r;
R.H.L.=b lim ln(l+eh' -t+2Ji).("h' -l+z'li) 'tro:=2b=b=3
h+o no'-l+znli Ji tan,lh 2
Hence, 2(a + b) = 9. Ans.

23. We expand the numerator in series
1. ,
(7+ x)v* -, + ?= n;''tt*'' -e+-ex
2 2
133
Limits, Corutinuity and Differ entiability
/2\ x2\-
lr-{*{
l23lex *...1
!_ +
2 3'l /
I
ex
=e -e+--e. ,I -e+- 2
- o-l
.rlclt 2 \'|
t r-ll
2'3 "'l
l- ( * ex f1 1\, +...
I
x2 I
=pl I+i--+ -+-l.r-

I t2 3 J- 2tI 2 \38)
-=e.l
I
l
I
The limit = I +
1) l1e
"( \3 E)= %
24. Putn=1
v
1
hrl '.y l -2
[1+r)r -nz !t
ltrrflr12 e
2 \r-Y
!
t
\1l--vy ) o .- e -1
ti-[1-YJ.
y ,o
=]i-J
y-o .2,
hm---
-- =€" y-0 y."
.yz v-
rJUl-z
It - v,/ -1
,
lim
=e' y-+o 2
v
,( 2\ 2e2
=Ulil=?=a=2; b--3
Ans.
25,
Let tan-7 x =t
tant - nta"fl)
\n)
L=lim
--)0
i
""{;) -
t'ant
IIt+--+ 2 -) (t f 1 )
t" -:+51-nl:+r---+...1
lo
\o 15 J [" n'3 )
= lim ^\
I -+0
+t5ol- +...1 I
4:.*'r. ) t .))
734 GBq pjQ{gry4 .C*qlglilttg (Hints & Solutions)
-r,1,).
-,-u[]
'-0,'[- 'lr"';)- -'-r2"\
=l['-,1) -=-,(:._,)-_1 S
t
i- ,b). l(' ] )
f(n)=-r*j-
' 2n2 +l
2n2 +1 l+ f(*)
2n2 =
3
- -1=2-f(x)
L+ f(*) l+ f(x)
f, ?-
,1tl+ftnl -,,?,"
t:,",' =r$ ,z -2(to(!1)Q1) =10x
6
L1.x7 =770- Ans.
sinr < *,*.(o,Il=sin(sinr)

=sin(sin...sin(r)) -+0as n)@
t 9t < sin.r
n times
+
Also, lt
asf € ;(J2"os* + 2) <3
-4
lim
:' f(x) =
(" 'l'"o.,
lim ^' I .i.,sin.....sin(r) *r*[
\2+J2cosx) 3
- lz*Ji"or*) !vD4
[2+ J2 cosr ]
/- _ \
* el:, 1 * a I rairia"a by B, )
\4'4 )
, . (n - u;)(divided
^ n\ bv dZ
cos x + 2)")
[;
, 0,ret-,-+ot
_tn n -\
|
flx) =.1 I, \,4 4 {=hm
----'f(x)=g=l
I tn - n\
l--:-'x€l--d'-l r--''
lsrn.r \4 4) 4
lim_ flr) = Ji = rn
r+--fr
4
12 + m2 = 2. Ans.
tan-l r + tan-l' - ta.r-1 3

sin-1(y - 2)
27. L = (x, t)lim
+(\2) (r-1) (.y - 2)
1
x+
v
tan- 1
- tan-13
1- 1-
v sin-1(y - 2)
=(r, y)lim (1, 2) (r-1) (y_2)
-r
.(rv+1)
tan
y-x
= riml 'f.
v) '11.2lt (r-1) (y-2)
Ltoexist tan-rU
s] = tan- 1
3 (Important step)
J'-x
xY+l
.-=L)
o
y-x
xy +1=3Y -3x
*-- 3v -ly
3+
'lx.) = 3r-1
t^-r..
3+x
-1
llm' f-l(r) =-=- 1
3 Ans.
..^'-igr_t
'-z ^ 10
'*5
28. fk)=(20<x<7
{o r = 1
11 r > 1
I
.'. Range of f = 19, l, 2l = A. (For surjective)

Ans.
= NumberofelementsinA = 3 lo
29. vE sinn0 + cosnO = 0 or tan n0 =
#
-n (6k-l)r
n0--+krOf0t=---
6"6n
^DO. 0u Gk-!)n
2 l2n
n
Let A= ) cos 0u=i.o.(6fr-l)rc
k=t 2 u?, l2n
multiply with 2sin-A

4n
1)n=-sin n
i z.i.r1.r*(6&,-
4n l2n ----
6n*"'rr(3n+l),'-.o,
-" 6n -"" Gn ^ -sina
*--'6n
u?,
1I
cos- - srn
TE
Then A- 6n 6n
1l
4n
nh sln nh
cos_ - __
Itcosl--- rhl
ri* [a. 66 = liml h. 6- l-o = tim h
, -OL i+01
I ZsrnnhlI ft +0^
nh nh
J STN zsin'-'-
4 I 4-) 4
..
=llm--=-
1 2
Ans.
h+O^ nh Tt n
Z cos
44
1 I
(1+3r +2-x2)i - (1 + 3r - 2tr2), r0)
S0. .L = lim
r -+0 xr [o']
* * u,tl -,,1-[,r. * - *,,i - ",)

= lim [".
r -+0 x
1 I
(1+3r +2ac2)i -eg (1+3r -?,tc2)i -e3
= lim - lim =Lt-Lz
x+0 x r+0 X
ta(l + 3x + ?s2 )
,** _xt3+2x)2
e ' -eS e 2 -eJ
Zr = lim = rlim
r+0 JC -+0
u -{-$*u)2
= ti., -11_-rl" el_-5^,
x+0n'[9
t
-
'2- -13 "3, L = 4eB =k= 4.Hence l2k =
and L2 4g. Ans.
3L. Given aL =11a2 = sina, = sinl
dB=sino2=sin(sin1)
04 = sinos = sin(sin(sin1))
au = sina4 = sin(sin(sin(sin1)))
= at = \ d,21 ag;..., o, is a decreasing sequence
Limits, Contin uity and Differentiability 737
and hence as /l _).@, Iim a, =6

Letan = Y
.',as n --9 -, y -) 0
22t -^2r)(Bv)+BzY -. (2t -gt)'
.'.lim =- lim v _ 2) + (L_ cosy)
y+0 coSJ +l-eY -e-Y y+o(el - e-
(z:-.'1-1' -lt-;
,2
I=
-=- iTi,(et \lz) =__o_=-11"-=e=-
-2-,2 z
-e-, -2)_f r-1o.1) -1333

r+,
t- ,,--t I y, )
2
.'. h -, Ans'
!x +r).ln-! :.:rl*[,,']' *'l* *l '2*2 *' * nl

fk)-lxzx'+r u'+r 3x2 +t ] [-;-
BZ.
I | .]I L I
=[r.-=l*[r*'l' + -l*[r*=+-l*
u'*r-l s,'*1.] *[,.-+ .l
[- ,'*i.] [- L "*'*1.j
=t+2+ + n-[=r].["-].[n-]. .[,,+=]
Forr >0,
x11
x2+l **! 2
x
11
2tc2 + t u *r 2"li
)c
x11 -2"[i
nx2 +l n**1
.l=...=[--j-.1=o
, ,
tc
[ r.]l=[lu2 r) lnx2 t)
f*'z + + +
Now,
l
Ans.
n1
33.S=t jtu, 't ,r=n
fr, 2" 2tt-t 4
Since tan x = cot x, - 2 cot ?-x ...(i)
11
:tanx=-cotx-cotb
22
1xlrc1
-tan-=-Cot --cotx
2222222
ar"., x, =1.ott'-:'l--f:.ot[, .']

2" 2"-t 2n [2, -, ) Z"-r -"- l2n-2 )
("ot(] I )
I lon-l
'o /
'-cot2xl
I
S=l
lz'l
\)
s=fAtan--I-:-cot2r)
\ 2, 2n-r )
n+6
lims =(!. * =.1.oti-i-) -cotzr)
\2 2r-t x \2"-t) )
S=* -cot?-x,outx=[
9
S=a
1l
I
(100r)L=100n.4=200 Ans.
7T
,4 r I ro.n-1+1-]
' (2r-D(2r+il 16lt2r-1){2r+1)]
f=-=_l I
r.=!lr+r'-ut+r'*u+t-l= r lrnr,*,* 1 I
' 16 1 +r2-t ] tol (2r-r)er+7))
= !1,+,r+r)+1(Qr
+7) -Qr-L'll=1
nr, *r*1[ 1 - t ]l
'-'2[tzr_rl
16 1 2\r2r-ror+ri/_] 16 I1^' er+i))
..-s--1t.rnayr+Ayf 1 1
,, 4L. 16L_ B2L\2r_l - 2r+l)
I
Limits, Continuity and, Differentiability 139
n.tn+t)(2n+t) * L *_L[tr_1]*r1_1.i*....* (=] ._,".1))

1_l-l
4.6 16*32ll'-5,J*l,5-51 \z'-t
n l(.
2n3+3n2+n.-r-+-ll--l 1 )
24 16 32[ 2n+t)
=t*t*V*
t2'8
tl, I =t-*t*u!*l!(Given)
48 16[22+1J A B C D
So, A=12,8=&C=48;D=16
Hence, A+B+C+D=84 Ans.
Bb. fkl=fo*'*b' <r<1-cL+b=-2+l

[2.o.n+tan-lx !<x32 4
l3o*', ocr<l
f'k)=l-zn.i,,n *J
I ^, l<x<2
L+x''
11
',JA=--A=-
26
b=!-z*L=n-13
4646412 =n -?6
) kt - 6,hz - 12 .'. kz - h, --6 Ans.
L,= li* sin('j* = lim [*.l=

s6. - x-l
J1-*./1+r r-1 -=1-
,/1+r[",/1-r] "
1 - cos x) ,. ,' (cos 1 r)2 / 1 \
(n cos-l
o x+t (1 -r)(1 +r) x+7 2 (1-x) \2)
-n2
,_
'2
Lo_-
Given
n23
22
-+n=-
... n2 + 2n =3=n2 + 2n - 3= 0 =(ru + 3) (ru - 1) = 0
n=lotn=-3
Since, n.e N.
.'. n=l = Sum = 1. Ans.

37. Li^ nPnF *Sr' * 2r * l - (n + 117 a1n1.[; - 2n ag -(n - l)l
.. fl{(n3 +3n2 +2n+1)-(n+1)3}

Iim
= i+*62
+3n2 +2n+l)il3 +(n+1)(n3 +Bn2 +2n+1)u3 +h+l)2
,. nln2 -2n+3-(n-l)21
rr^ru-
n+@
lr'-2n+3+(z-1)
n(-n)
= ,ilim
rZ 6z + Bnz + 2n + l)2t3 + (n + l) (.n3 + Bnz + 2ru + 7)t/3 +(n+l)2
n(2)
+ lim
11 +s
,g-2".s+(z-1)
-1 2 1_2
T _=
--*I=-
1+1+1 1+1 oo
dD
38. Letcr+p+y=Q
Hence, cos (cr + p) + cos (0 + y) + cos (y * ct) = cos (0- cr) + cos (t -Bl + cos (0 - y)
= cos 0 )cos cr + sin 0 )sin cr
=2cos2Q+2sin20=2
Hence, a = 2
ln
-
.'. x-z.,fx-2+rl
lim -:!--!-: =z Ans.
x-rl2
n<x<n+*1
39. r(x,=1,F1-+Tf 1
2
'+1-x n+-<x<n+I
| 2
.'. Graph of f(xt will be
v:ll2
x
2 -l
Clearly, f(x) is continuous in ,E but not differentiable at x =, + I2 .rd nV ne L
.'. Not differentiable at 19 points in (- 5, 5).
Also /(r) is periodic with fundamental period 1.
= 19 points Ans.
Limits, Con tinuity and Differentiability l4L
(e
fk) =7*'^- *, * al,e\*) -{*2 - "*'
* 32 g(x), x e R
40. Given u,,d.hkr = fk).
lx'-ax, r>1- lx"-4x, x>2
landx =2.
Now, define ft(t) in the n.b.d. of x =
1 urrd h(x)={t,x2 -ax)(x2 -cx)' x<2
h(x)=f(x).s(r)={('2
+x)(x2
, cx),'s
l{x2 -ax){x2 -cx), x>l l.(r' - ax) (x2 - 4x), x > 2
Note : (r) is discontinuous V a e {1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6l
"f
B(r) is discontinuous if c + 4.
Nr : Given both f(r) and g(r) are discontinuous
Hence, o--+6waYs Nr=6x5=30
c + 5waYs
N2 since g(r) is discontinuous.'.c * 4'
Now, h(r) is continuorrs at r = 1.
h(7- ) = lr(1* ) + 2 (l - c) = (l - a) (1 - c) =+ (1 - c) (1 + o) = 0
l-c=0(a*-1)(Given)
=+ c=l
Also, given h(r) is discontinuous at r = 2.
(4 - 2a) (4 - 2c) * (4 * 2a) (* 4)
(4-2a)(8-2c)*0
(2-a)(4-c)*0
Since c = 1
q,*2 = o-+5waYs
c + lway
. 7\r
_ utr
rY
- 2
Now, N3 given h(r) is discontinuous at x = l.
= (1-c)(o+1)*0 c*L
and given h(x)is continuous atx = 2.
= (2-a)(4-c)=0
ifc=4theno-+6ways
ifa=2thenc-+4ways
Total 10 ways.
Nt =30
Nz=5
Na=10
Total Nl + N, + Ns = 45. Ans.
aL. f(x) = lxz + (a - 2)lxl-2al = l( lrl - 2) (lxl + o) |
AIso /(r) is an even function and fG) is not differentiabie at fn e points. So

l@ -2) (x + a) lis non-differentiable for two positive values of r.
=+ Both the roots of (r

- 2)(x + o) = 0 are positive and unequal.
Hence, a<O,a+-2
.'.e.€(-*,0)-{-2} Ans.
42. Let fk) = y
y2-4y+3>0 (y-1)(y*3)>0 ...(i)
y2 -6y +8<0 (y-4)(y-2)<0 ...(ii)
y3-sy2+loy-12<o (y-3)(y'-2y+4)<0 .. . (iii)
Combining (i), (ii) and (iii), we get f(x) = 3 i.e., Constant function.
Y:X
,Z-v:3
(3. 3) '
A:912
Hence, 10A = 45 sq. units. Ans.
43.
^5
2222'22 2
.L = Number of point of discontinuous = 7

M = Number of point non-differentiability = l{
Hence, (L + M) = 21. Ans.
44. ,.^ nzft*' -kft*t*1 e2 cos(x -

+ 7\ 7,
=-e
x+t sec, (r - 1) - 1 2
Here limit exists. Therefore as r -) 1, Nr + 0 ('.' Dr also tends to zero)

e2f$ _2.s..nf{tl +e2 =0
@f(r) -e)2 =O=.nf.O =e=f(1)=L
2.e.ef k)
(x)
Iim
u2f - - e2 (l - cos (r -
+ e2 1)) 7,
-e
x+1 tanz(x - 1) 2
gf {xt - d2 - e2(L - cos (r - 1)) 7,

Iim -e
x+l 2
_. (rr(rf,*)-1 _1)2 (1-cos(r-1) )) 7z

IlmI .(ft*t-t\'-n, - -e
, -r
[ (fkt t\2
_ \ , -1 / (x - 7)2
)
e2.7.ry'{l)l' - e2 \=1r'
22
(f'(D)2'4=f' (1) = + 2 = f'(t)=2 {'.'f'(x)>ol 3,q
Now, equation of tangent at (1, /(1)) is
y-l=2(x-1)
2x - y =1
a=1r1x1= 1-1=+. Ans.
224L
45. fyi) = ,r e i" an odd continuous function.
fz@) = b sin r is an odd continuous function.
d(e* -e ^)
(e' + e-')
. (e-'-e*)
fnt-x)=* +e^) =-fn@\
k^
.'.f +(x) is odd function and continuous V r E rB ( '.'Denominator is never zero).
.'.f(r) will be an odd continuous = f(- x) = - f(x)
...F(b) = - band f(zl = + A /(0) = 0
Ifo > 0, thenwhen x -) - *, f(x) -+ - @andwhen x ) + *, fG) -+ + @.
Clearly, f(x) =0 will have minimum frve roots. Ans.

+2x -t+4
f(il = 28 - 2-x2 -%-
#
Range of f(x) is = [7, 23).
Now, g(r) =
[fl4-]wil be discontinuous at all points
- where /(r) ', an integer.
Ltt_l p
when v>2lthen0 .ftx). r=[44]=o o r e .Rand.g(r)becomes continuous

p Lp.l
in.B.
When 1< p < 23 then /(') b".o*es integer at some values of r and g(r) will be
p
discontinuous at these value ofr.
.'. Sum of all values of p is
I + 2 +B +...... + 22 = 22' 23
- zsl Ans.
2
47. We have
tre(-*,-1) r-1e(--,-1)
[0, [0,
/(x) = {
l1+r, r e [-1,0] a. l1+(x-1), x-1et-1"0I
r, -I)=l
- f\x
l, -,,
re(0,il 11-(r-1), r*1e(0,il
[0, re(1,-) fo, x - le (1, -)
r <0
fo,
or f(x -, =
0<r<1
l;' -x, 1<x<.2
lo, x>2
Limits, Continuity and
Io' r+1e(--,-1) x<-2

fo,
lt*(r+1), r+1et-tr01 12+x-
orf(x+1)=l -2<x<-l
Also, f(r + 1) =
lr _ tr + 1), r+1e(0,I l-
x, -1<r<0
[0, ,*1.(1,-) l.0, 0<r<-
0, x<-2
2+x, -2<x<-7
-x, -1<r<0
Now, g(r) = f(x - 1) + /(r + 1) =
x, 0<r<1
2- x, l<x <2
0, x>2
Clearly,
It is easy to check that g(r) is continuous V r e R and non-differentiable at
x = - \ - 1,0, t 2and differentiable elsewhere.
Hence, number of points of non-differentiability ofg(l) are 5. Ans'
Methods of
Differentiation
Exercise-l
1. f'k\=llrr'
cos.x - sinr
I lu, - sinr - cos.r
6 -1 0 l:f"kt=lA -1 0
locl
lr p' p" I l, p' p'
l6 -cosx sinx
f "'rxt =)6 -1 0
lp p' pt
16 -1 ol
= f "'.0) =16 -1 0 l= 0 (Two identical rows) Ans.
lo p2 p'l
2. -o
y=(2x-3r)5 *!**"or*
d
_dy = c(Zx _Brta 4

+--srntr
dx .f
.'. s'(y)= dx 1
-=
dy
5(2x-Sn)a+4-.iru
.)
D
When ! = 2n
)t - (9r -3n)5 + tr n """^
3'" "o.,
* =3n is the onlv solution
2"
Methods of Differentiation 747
g'l2n) = -]= =2 Ans.

t*2 .)
7
Alternatively z(gof)(x) = x
+ S'ff@)).f '(x) = I
'f'k)= J
g'\flil) '
Putting fk) = 2r
2tr=(2x-Bn)5 + !**"or*
-----
3--
3n
= x=- (It is only r = ur/ is one-one function)
2 *
/ o-\
'fl!!l=2x
\2 )
:+ 7 7 (.'f'(x)=5(2x-Bn)a +4/3-sinr)
g'(2n)=-+ . =:=9 Ans.
rP+\
\z) 3
cos1.ora.o.a....o. ti'1 .
Given that
2'"" 22 """ 23
"' - ' = ...(i)
2n Z" ,i.r[ , )
\2" )
Taking logarithm to the base 'e' on both sides of equation (i) and then
differentiating w.r.t. r, we get
i +tanjl =l+cot\-.ot,)
Hm
n+*2.
n=t.
$
ctfl
'i,'^"^^r:,,-i':,.
9n n-*l x
;
U, |
jl_
."-l = [] -.ot,))
\,
t '' ,, )
[1-.otr. re(0.^)-]I]
We have ft*l =)* 2
*=, nr,
[ ;'
Clearly, limf(r) = tirr,f l-.ot*l= ?
= f [+'J
,j' 22 *-n\x ) x'\2)
Hence, /(r) is continuous atx = !, Ans.
P'(x) = f(x)g'(x) + g(x)f '(x)

P'(2) = f(2)e'Q) + SQ)f '(2)
1+8 GRB Problems iru Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-- (1) (2) + 4(-1)

_.)
g(r)f '(xt - fk\g'k)
e,\*) =
g"(x)
g,(2) =@) Gt) -(t) e) = _ 6 = _q
-16168
C,(x) = f ,(g(x))g,@)
C'(2) = f '(+)'Z=3'2=6
5. y = (A + Bx) e*' + (m - l)-2 .e'
y 'e-*' = (A + Bx) + (m - 11*2."tt-'t'
e**'' y7 - my + e-* = B - (m- 1)-1'
"-(m-t)x
. e-* ' !z - !te-*' .m - mle-** .!t - !e-* .ml - g-(m-t)x
e-* 'yt - filzlte-^t + my.e-*' -

"-(m-l)x
Yz-2mYt*mY=sx Ans.
6. Nr. = cos6r + (1 + 5) cos 4r + (5 + 10) cos 2r + 10
= cos6r + cos4r + S(cos4r + cos2r) + 10(1 + cos2r)
= 2coslx cos.r + 10 cos3r cosr + 20 cos2 x
= 2cosx [cos5r + 5cos3r + 10cosr]
...Denominator...
dY
"u = !'Dr.= 2cosr .'.
dx
= -2sinx Ans.
7. Given 1'1y1= g@)
g'(x)=fiz)=f"(x)
Let , = Stxs)
dv
:L = f ,(xB).9*2
dx
,,
1-Y" = 3l3x2x'.f "(*t) + 2.-f '(xs)l
dx'
=gx4 f "(x3) +6xy'{*3)
= gx4 . f(x5) + 6rg(1
3)
= tzx" f(xb) + pxg(x" )

(k+ p +a +b +c) = 9+ 4 +6 +6 +3 = 28 Ans.
8. (A) %, + Zyy' = g
=+ y' = -*-
v
v'GlD=-1=A=-1
Methods of Differentiatton
149
(B) cosy ' y'+cosff = sinr 'cosy'y'+ siny'cosr

When X=y=lt
-y'-1 =0+0
- !'(n) = -l=B = -l
(C) 2etv(xy'+ y)+e'evy'+ete* -e* -e!y'= e'e'v(xy'+ y)
at x=l,Y=1
%(y' +7) + e2Y' + e2 - e - eY' - ez(Y' +l)
eY'+e=0
v'=-l=C=-l
Hence, A+B+C =-B Ans.
1-x Il -'l
g. dY ' +xz +x+l
=4 +1+r +x2 =2n\ '
dxz ",
g \y) =
dx1
dY -l r-'l
ze\ 2)+x2+x+1
,7
When y=-Lthenr=1
6
dv111 Ans.
d* ),=-r,u 2+3 5
Alternatively: We have (gol)(x) = x

E'ff@))f '(x) = 7
When f(.r\=-\=*=t
b
/ -\
+ E,l_Llf,rrr
"\ 6)'
=r
1- 1 Ans.
Hence, r'( -7)=
'[ 6) f i) = b
-
10. /(r) = sin-l{[3r + 2]- {3r + @'{Zx})\l

,. l,0. a)
\' 72)
= u.(0,!).'.tut
(6, = *
and e, . lo, I'l
\ 4.)
f(x) = sin-1{2- tSir -r}} = sin-1{2- 2r} (As {2- Zx1 =l-Z'x)
f(x)=sin-1(1 -?tc)=J
= l- ?-x = siny
)c=1-sinv" =t--r.-(y)
2
1-1tx)=lj-=s(x)
g'(il = 1"or*
,,1,r.1=_1rJ5)__v5
'[oJ zlz)- 4 Ans.
11. limx' = ! let I = tc" hence as n -+ 0, x' -+ |

L=(0)'-1=-1 Ans.
12. LeL P(x) = x" + ax +B
As 11, x2, xg, ..., xn*l be zeroes of P(x)
P(x) = (x - x )2 (x - x ) (x - x s) (x - x ) ...(x - x n-1) = )cn + CI, + B
Let P(*)"."
Q@) =(x - x2)(x - xs)(x - xa,)...(x - xn-1) = ..
k-x)'
Then Q@) =(x1- x)(x1- xs)(x1- x)...(x1- xn_t)
As Q(r) is a polynomial function hence it is continuous and differentiable at x = x r.
xn + ax +9
8(r1) = lrg.J?n= Ig
,rt (X - Xt)z r+r1 (X - X)2
Applying L'Hospital rule twice or otherwise
t'
QGr) = "'T *r-2 = nc
z'x!-2 Ans.
rB. /(or =I're-TP

( t- tt-ttl
l-;'"[,*J ltt)
(t-
tt_
h\uh
f'(0*) = lim [t+a]
1
n2 f
" )-l"u )
h+0 = lim
h+0
h
M
th rL1)*2
1 eh \1+i/ _1
q
e'
\n(r- h\ * z
1
,
e' (ti*# r\+)=i I* h \t+h)
Me tho d s of Diff er e ntiat io n 151
n(L h\*zn
1 ..
llm \L+h)
=
-.
e2 h+o h"
1 -.
llm
ln(1- h) - In,0+ b +2h
=
-.
e2 h-+o h'
12
-n
h- h3
\-(o-4'2 *h'3 -
2 ,f ]1, ).,0
,2h h'
Ans.
llVv /'(o-) =o
Ans.
14. Using L'Hospital's rule 2 times, we get limit = 4'
15. Given, cot 1r + cot 1 y + cot-t(xy, ='# ...(i)
Put r = 1, we get
cot-1 1+ cot-1Y + cot'-l t =#
- -1 (ttn n) 8n
2cot'V-l---l=-=-
2n
" [12 4) t2 3
cot-1 Y = I
.1
= t=|" 1Vd
So, P(* =','", = *'l

\. ^13 )
Now, differentiating both sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get

-1 _ 1 .dy_ t (.42*r)=o
"
l+xz l+y' dx l+x2yz \ dx )
Put r = l, ! =],lo *e g"t
_r
r)r)
_l r -l 1
la,
!o
lf ,.!! *1'l= o
2 lt*1ld"r lr*rl\ ax Jsl
\- gi \ 3)
-l - llal= 2" I l4)
z +\Je) 4 \dx )
(zJ*+s)-s1ayi
[ +Js ) z\ax.t
1,52 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutiorus)
dy -z(Ns+s\ -1 t (L ,
a"=;[ 41g )= s-l./s=-[5*rts)=') Ans.
16. Puttingf = tan0,we get

sinr = sin20
and coty = gs12g
x = nrE+ (-1)" 20
and y=mn+20
dx
= Gr\'2
de
and fu=z
ds
*a)/ = f o" -1 [But for given 0 it will have only one value]
*dy" =o Ans.
17, Let lim ((r' +(tanr)'o'""' +(cosec r))t'"' )

* --r 0+
= h + lz + lr, where /, = liTr. r" (0')

+ ln/, =,r1T. r.lnr(0 x -)
,1o1:)= rim
= lim I i at,
=o =1
x+0+ \ -,/ x+0* -I
xx2
Now, /z = lim (tanr)"o""t* = 0 (0-)
: +0*
Also, ls = lim (cosec rltanx . (-o)
r +0+
+ lnl, = lim (tanr).ln(cosec r) x-)

x +0+
,.
= llm
ln(cosec r)
r+o+ cotx (=)
to""t'' ---**x .cotx)

--1 (- cosec """*'= ,
= lim timfg=".',=0-+/o=1
- -r
r+o+ -coseczr --0,'[ tanr J
Hence, (1, + l, + ls) = 1 +0 + 1 = 2. Ans.
18. '.' /(cr) =

"o*
["ot-, t'--:gry-]l
I t cos2a))
J1-
Methods of Differentiation
= *, COS C[
[*.-'I fiost"+Gcosr") )
fi11
-<ct<-
42
. dfkl) _-l Ans.

-t
d(cot ct)
-. hca +Bx3 +1 c (9ro.*)

lrm--
19.
x+1. (36 - 1) sinru
=
\o)
A+B+1;0 ...(i)
Prtx -L= h
*x=h+L
A(h + l)a + B(h+ 1)3 + 1 A(h + l)a + B(h+ 1)3 + 1 (o^
to'* )
Iim = Iim
h-+0 h+O -xh2 [o ]
n(__zit4)^n
Inft )
By L'Hospital's Rule
=
-1r.* 4A(ft + 1)3 + 3.B(& + 1)2 0
*r-)
n h+0 2h [as'i" 0
So, 4,4 +3.B = 0 ...(ii)

Solve equations (i) and (ii), we get A = 3, B = -4.
-1.. 72[&+t)3 -(a+t)2] -1,,-6t3(h+ l)-2(h+l)) -6
rlm - =-rill-r-=- Ans.
n i-ro 2h v h--+o 1 rr
2O. fG) = e* + Zx
f'(x)=e'+2
/'(ln3) = 5
As, s'Q)=ft,
+ fitf'r*rt=h
+ fiV-'all l,=1rmar=
,,h = Ans.
21. Given, \Lt'y' = (r + y)s

As, the given curve is represented by homogeneous equation in r and y, so
dyy-
7 = "x,
dxc
(alwaYs)
t54 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,2
o- 1,
and = o (always)
-l
dx'
,9
H"r,.",d-{l -o Ans.
d*" .)p,rl
22. Given 8(r) = (f(2ftx) + 2tl2
g'(x) = 2f(2f(x) + 2).. f '(2f(x) + 2).2f '(x)
So, g'(0) = 2f(2 + 2f (U) . f '(2 + 2f(D 2f '(0)
= g'{0)=-4 Ans.
23. Replacing r by 2-x and y by 2h in given functional equation
l'(x+ht=t(n:-f(4
2
y^L@} \-IQ) y^f(%) + fQD -
h+0 h
=
h-+0 2h 'rr*, ...(i)
In given relation put y = 0
^(
/l-l=' x\ ftx)+-1
= '\91\ !/
e e
r, f(2r) L
= l\x) =
i*i
f(2'x) - 2f(x) = *l ..'(ii)
Using equation (ii) in equation (i), we get
'f '(x) = /r-0

\rftz\^t2h -' = f '(ot
f'kt=-l
f@) =l- x = f -'(x),i.e., inverse of itself. Ans.
24. As f(-x)= -f(x)
= f(x) is an odd differentiable function.
-f '(-x) = -f '(x)
+ f "(-x) = -f "(x)
Put r = 0, we get
2f "(o) = o
So, f"(O)=Q Ans.
Note : Domain of function = (-1, 1)
25. L'(x) = 0 = A(r) = constant (differentiate row wise)

Degree = 0 Ans.
,U. ,._[g(2+ sinr) - g(2+x cosr)].f sinr -r cosr)
*-ol sinx -.,r cos.r I I x - sinr )
Me tho d s of Diff er e ntiatio n 155
=s,(2)I$(ry#*)[3)
= s,(2\
ls[r:ffi )=
zs,tz,
27. x = -1 is the factor of 1st row, 2nd row, Srd row and 3rd column'
Hence, ?(r) contains (r + 1)4.
T"'(_l) =0 Ans.
h(x)=g2(x+f(x))
h'(x) = Zg(x + f(x))g'(x + /(r))(1+ f '(x))
h'(5) 2g(5+ f6De'6+ /(5))(1+ /'(5))
=
f(5) = Z sg) = 4, f '(5) - o, g'(7) = 3
h'(5) = 250)S' g)(l+0) = 2 x 4 xB = 24 Ans.
We know t}rat{L = !
-----dv
*
-glrl
d,* - ,lal 4u(chainrure)
dY' dYl I d.l dY I
dY dY
\dx ) \dx )
-1 (0"\l o=',
=
li,,r li* )l\ dx
la-)
_dry d'y (dv)'
. d'2x
= d*c : dx2 -- -ld. latl
idv)' - -ld.l g'ttt
I An".
dt, - (qr:'
Hence, = -(
d\ ) lt \f'ft\)
la* ) dy' \at )
dy
Alternativelv- ,4=!!--g'(t) ' d''y = d ( p'(t)\ dt d'z'v f '(t)g"(t)- g'(t)f "(t)
d.x #= f.i;l' d*r=Ail1r) )'a*= d*r= (f '(tD3
dt
dx
4t = f'\t)
q: a ( f'al\ at = s'(t\f"ftt - f'ft\s"ft)
And,4L
dy= d.y s'Gi - dt'-= drl{@)' do @
a
. (a"\ l(g!.) = _ f g'o) 13 Ans.
la*' )l lay' ) \ f 'ttt )
3O. f '(*) = 3(Iogz il2 ! +3*2

x,
f(x)=9=x=2
!r-ro:l
d.x' '*'1,=, =J-l ==r =2
- f1*)1,=r-fir- n Ans.
2
31. y'=3hx2 -x3 (Differentiatingtwice)
3Y'Y, =6hx -3x2
y2 yt = 2hx - x2 ...(i)
zyy? +y2yz=2(k-x) ...(ii)
(rr, 2kx x2
.rrom eqn. tt = -
;
Substitute in eqn. (ii),
y2yz -L
+rnl*u -*'f = rru-*,
Y' -]
rz- 2(2kx - x2 )2=2(k - x)

y yz
lz+
zekx - x2)2= 2(k- x) y" e
; s--
- x2)z 2G - x)
tr*ff=T'(3kx2
2(2kx
-xB)
.)
y, + ll+kzxz + x4 - 4lzx3 -Bhzxz + hx3 +Shx, - rnl =0
v"
y,+t!
v
=o
= n=2k2 Ans.
32. lf(x)l<|"' -
"21v
*, o
Vfzll<O=f(2) =o
l/(r) l< l"' - n'l
= lftxl - ftzr,. 1.- lr'tr'-' - ttl

I x-2 | x-21 x-2 I
= lf 'Q)l< e2
= ll2a, + 4b + cl< e2
l=e2+lll=7 Ans.
Methods of Differentiation L57
33.'"' S(h(xD =v s g'(h(x))h'(x) = l
--1=. 'h'|il = I
1+ (h(r))"
h'(x) = 1+ (h(r))3
=
+ h"(x) = 3(h(x))2 h'(x)
h,,(x) = 3h2(x) (1+ h3(.r)) Ans.
34. tans =
.. ln/ - ln2
[m-----
t+- 1+- t-2
Using L'Hospital rule
li*1/f (t, l! 0
=
t-r- 1 -o
Hence, when the situation is limiting
BP -+ BP' (along horizontal)
and AP + Aq
= 0-+I-B=cos0
2
/\
coso -+ .o.l 1- 0I
') = sing
\z
1
But tanP =ln2
lim coso =
J-- ,-+- t'+lim cos
- Bl =
\2 ' )
sinp = +
Jf +1n22
Ans.
(t -t)2 + 1+In2 2-[(lnt -ln2)2 +(t -D21

Alternatively: t)*
Iim cos0 =
t*f +* - z + ! + t + lffi-lrT- lffi

+2\nt.ln* -4+4t
lim r-------------;
h+ln\;;; 2llln't +ft -l)"
1 ..
- f-1+ln/.1n2
= ---: IIITI
,h*lr-'2'-* t
Inr12*ir_1)'
\ t ) t, t,t
1 ..
1-1+tr,z.l1'
= --p IIITI Ans.
J1+ lrr' 2 t--
0
35. We have, /tr) =.r3 + 2,tc2 + 4x- r*(T)
f
,(il = Bx2 + 4x + 4 + !.o.[I1']
2 \2) = /'(1) = 11
Also, /(1) = 8
so, s'(8)=,|,=+ Ans.
f{x) g1:) h/u-)
I |
36. '.' 4tr) = 11111 g'k) h'@l

)f ",*l s"(x) h"k)l
lf
't*t g'k) h'\x)l I ft*t e(r) htx) | | ft*l s(x) h@
g'(r) =lf 'tx) g'txt h'(x\l+lf ,,{*l g,,(x) h,,k)l*lf ,til g,@) h,{il1
|
=
lf"t*) g"(x) h"k)l lf"(r) g"(x\ h"(xtl lf,,(*) g,,(x) h,,k)l
lf@ e{.l) h(x)l
=0+0 +lf 'ol g'k) h'G)lf .'f ,s,lzare quadratic polynomials.... f ,,=g,,= h,, =01
lt
lo o ol
-0
$(r) must be a constant function.
0(r) = bG-x)
.. d(r)-d(4-r)
llm-=O
x--+2 sin(r Ans.
- 2)
37. S(5) = land /(1) =5
Now, g"(5) = - f"(g(x))=
,@(xt)|"
1f
= p,,(5)=_ f"(g(5)l =_ f"(r)

lf ,(s(5))13 Lf ,0)f
f '(x) = 3x2 +3, f'(l) = 6
f "(x) = 6x, f "(l) = g
A"(b]=-=---6 1
- 216 36
Ans.
Linked Comprehension Type
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. I to B

Given f(l) = l, f(2) = 20, f(-4) = -4
&d /(r+y)= f(x)+f(y)+axy(x+9+bxy+c(x+y)+4V x,ye R, where a,b,c
are constants.
Putr=y=0
Metho ds of D if f e r entiatio n 159
= /(0) = zf(O) + 4
= f(0) = -4
Now, putr = landjl = 0, we getc = 0
Putr=1andy=1,weget
f(2)=2f(7)+6+b+4
+ 20=W)+6+b+4
:+ L4=6+b ...(i)
:+ 6=8
Hence, b = 8and c = 0 +b* c = 8. Ans.
f(x + y1= f@) + f(y) +\xy(x + y) +&xy + 4
,(x\ +hl- f(A +ht+8xh+4
Now, tf '--, =rr^f\x
i-;o h
- h+o
rr^f(ht+Sxhtx
h
,.
llm'
=
f(ht +\xhk + hl +8xh- f{Ot
= f'Q)+3x2+&r=3x2+8x
h+o h
Integrating both sides w.r.t. r, we get
f(x) = xs + 4x2 +C
f(0)=-4=C=-4
Hence, f(x) = x3 + 4x2 - 4
f(x)=x3 +4e'
x3 +4x2 -4=x3 +4e' ,L
x2 - l= e' iOotted graph is ofy = 1 -
.xx
j Ott e, graph is ofy = 9
! - '*
Dividing by r, we get x - xcx
Hence, the above equation will have two solutions. Ans.
f(x) > **2 + (5m + l)x + 4mY x > O
(x + 4)(x + 1)(r - 7)2 m(x + 1)(r + 4) + (x'1) > m-nt'+ 1< r Vr >0
= m+l<O=m3-l
Hence, maximum value of nz = *1. Ans.
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos" 4 to 6

Area of MBC
L,=t ah =
We have.,2 12 9 Oh=24a11 =-=-.-
-2424
a 2RsinA
h-
2x6xsinA
h=2cosecA
So, l=f@)=2cosecff
Clearly, least value of f(x) is 2. Ans.

We have, g(x) = /(sin-l x) = 2cosec (sin-l *) = ?,
lc
g'(i = -3
tc-
.(
g l-l=-
+\ -2.2s -25 Ans.
- "(5/ 16 8
\.2 cosec ,)) = .".-t

We have, h(x.) =.""-' [] 2 (cosec *) = ! - *
2
^ -\
f
"Zhrxt
-%lr"
1.,
l+sinr ,(r-,\ [r-,']/+sinr
Now, lim
\- h\x) cosx
= lim "'2)-2*'2
(n \
/n / r)-
Ii -'.1'o"
x-l I a+l I
\2) \2)
put, r = n,we get

|-
(eh
-7)2 (1 - cosh)
,. e2h -2eh +1-(1-cosh) h2 - - h2
!1rl
h-+O h.sinh
=1i^
h+0 Srn/r
-h
r-1= I Ans.
22
Paragraph for $fuestlon Nos. 7 to g
': f(x) = x2 + g'(O)x + g"(3)
Let g'(0)=aand,g"(3)=b
f(x)=x2 +qx+b
f (-Z) = 4 -2a+ b, f '(x) = Zx + a and. f "(x) =2
g(y) = f (-z1tz + yf "(y) + f'(y) - z
= (4 - 2a + b) y2 + 2y + 2y + (a - 2)
=(4-%t+b)y2 +4y+(a-2)
g'(y)=2(4-2n+b)y+4
and g"(Y)=2(4-2a+b)
g"(3)=b=2(4-%.+b)=b
4a-b=8 ...(i)
g'(0)=a=4=a
L6-b=8=b=8
f(x)=x2 +4x+8and g(9= 4y2 +4y+2
f(1)=1+4+8=13 Ans.
iff er entiatio n 161
Metho ds o f D
l*'+4x+8.
h(xl=1
r20
' ^
l+*'+4x+2, r<0
L.H.L. (atr = 0) = 2and R.H'L. (atx = 6; = 3 = f(0)
Ans.
= h(x)is discontinuous atr = 0.
'.' f@) = o2 +4er +8 = (cr * 2)2 + 4> 4
and g(P) = 4$2 +48+2=(2F+1)2 +1> 1

:+ f(cr)S(p) > a
But given f(ct) S(D < a
So, /(cr)s(F) = +
_1
a=-2andP=--1
Hence, number of non-positive ordered pairs = I Ans.
Paragraph for $|uestion Nos. 1O and 11

l- y'1*\e +t,y) = J- f '(*)tnf Q) \
t'k.gt fG)'
Putting r =0
f lt,) = f,,(!),rfrrt
f(Y) /(o)
f '(y) _, f.' /(0) = 2, f '(0) = el
f(y)rnfQ)
ln(ln/(y)) - Y+c 4c=0
f(y)=s"Y +f(x)=e"'
g(x) = ln(ln(r))
111
"E'(x) = Inr x = rlnr
-
t" 1 + Intr
g"lx)=- x , =- (rt*t"=
3-lnx)z Inr)2
o"ror=-I+l--2
b ."2 o o
e' e'
ln(ln/(r)) = g2t1{x)- 3g(f(r))) - 5
*=x2-Bx-5
x2-4*-5=0 =(x-5)(r+1)=0 = x=-L5. Ans.

'rt,xt
tim (f + f,,txv&l] lim fz(rr
= r+@
,--\g,(r) "'g(:))
= :X#**su*[p=n ...(i)
Now, Let li* /(*) = z[:)

*--g(r) [-/
,r* f '!*', L (From L'Hospital rule)
=
r+- g (.fI
From eqn. (i),

L+5L=12
L=2
Now, 1^f '(x)
x +* g,(x)
-,
.. e'-'f '(*\ t
lim" ''*'=21=1, lf ' '{x) + Lf '(x)l
\
eio
= ,_*ei*g,(x) -l*f l"ro=
'-'" ; :; /o lg' '(x) + )"g'(v)) -2
,. -' =2
Irm')"f '(x) + 'f "(x)
*-* Ans.
)"9'(x) + g"(x)
1. Differential coefficient of /(r) w.r.t. sin -1 x=-2L

l*l
At x = 7/2it is -2
f '(0*) = -2;f '(O-) = 2
= /is not derivable atr = 0. Ans.
,, dy- 1 .d'y_d( 7 ldy 1
-' dx - a*tay'i*' - ;yld. / dy ) a. = - (dx / dy)B d2x
dy2
d2y / dv \3 dy
.r--a+l-1 !
dxz \dx ) -:'=0
Hence,
dx
I d'* * 1
_-01
becomes -*. (dx I dy)r dyz tdx / dyt\ @x / dy)
*d'*_r*id*l'=n
d.v' lav )
dzx ( dx \2
..f,-+l
= -l l =l
d.Y' I,dY
h=7
f '(x\ = r'- /t$

B. 'h-Oh + h) - /(x)
,l ?,tc + 2h\ "(

2* + 2 x 0))
,,'[
lrn
- h+o
2)-Il 2 )
h
,.- f(%)
=llITI-
+ f(2h) - fer) - f(0)
h-+0 2h
= hmfQh)
- f(0)
h+0 2h
f '(x) =f '(0) = -1(Given)
Now on integrating both sides, we get
f(x) = -x +C
+ f(x)=-x+l(As/(0)=1)
(A) f( lrl) = 1- lrl, which is continuous V r e ,R.
(B) f(x) = r- x
f -'(*) = l- x
= f(x) = f-'(*) will have infinite solutions.
(C) (/(0))2 +ffOD2 +ffQDz +...+(/(10))2
= 1+0+12 + 22 +32 +...+9?
=1*10x9x19=1+(15x19)
6
=1+285=286 Ans.
(D) tan-l(/(r)) = tan-1(1- r),which is derivable Y x e R. Ans.
4. We have,
[,'
* ,i,rla). x r* o
"'"[y' )' if e LL w
/(r) = |
10, if r =0
(A) As /(0) = 0, so f(r) is continuous at x = 0, if
lim 0 = lim r' .i.r[1 l=o , 0 Ans.
x->0'f(r) = x+0 \f " J
(B) f '(o) = lim /(ft) - f(o)

'h+Oh
sin( ! l-o-
h" ---
= 1i* \ft" J timh,
= h-o ,..ir[1) = o.
h,so h \h, )
Provided, a-l> 0=o > 1 Ans.
t / 1\ / -c ) o-t , 1 rv
(c)wehave f'txl=]x" cos[." J t,-r )+o'x" "srnl -t' L 4x+O
[0. x =0
Clearly, f '(x)iscontinuous atx = 0,ito > 1+c. Ans.
(D) We have f "(0) = rÎJP;IJO

h's\ h
.cos{ 1 h' I [ -'']*o'ft''..ir[' )-o
= lim
[h' ) \h"n' ) \n' )
h+0
=0,provided,a> c+2 Ans.
o. Given, f :(0, -) --+ (--, -) be defined as /(r) = e' + lnx
f'(xt=e^ +r-t >0Vxe (0,-)
1
Also,
Also, lim f(r)= rcand lim f(x) = --

r --.6 .r-0-
=+ f(x) is a bijective mapping.
As f[)=e=g(e)=l
Also. €'le)' = L
f,1)
f '(x) = e* +!x
f'(7)=(e+l)
f"(*)=r'-j.+f"(7)=(e _1)
x"
1
So, g'(e) =
,-L
Also, g' '(e) = - f
"(l) (Ar, s"t*)= {gl'l
(f "(lD3 | (
f'( x))" )
-(e-1)=- 7-e
(e + 1)s (e + 1)3
Now, verify alternatives.

6. (A) Given fk) = xz + 10 sinr V x e R
Also, /(0) = 0 and f(r) is continuous on,B.
,111-/(r)
-+ -
=+ There exists some real number c such that f(c) = 1000.
(Using intermediate value theorem). Ans.
(B) Let f(il = lx2 + xl= lr(r + 1) |
_l +l), (--, - 1) u(0, -)

xG
-
l-r(r + 1), [-1, 0]
So, /(x) is non-derivable at two points uiz x = -1, 0.Ans.
(C) Ify = f(x)andr = g(y)rnhere g = I 1, then
165
Melhods of Diffe rentiation
d'y
d}x __ d*, 4l*o
_Z__---:)-:-
dy' ( dy\' dx
la* )
values such that
(D) As f(r) is continuous on (0, 5) and /(r) takes only irational
Ans'
16;=;so/(r) = nte'ft')"'"tb"onlvconstantfunction)'
-e
f@=l--:
! l + cos20
-=secO
,-\
1 . rl 1'l=12
',[4,
f '(01= sec0tan0
f
,l+\=
t4/ "tr
d(f(o)ll =[ -] ) _--2 Ans.
d(cos0)lu=^ \cos"0is=l
8. Partially differentiating w'r't' r taking y as a constant

f'(x + y) = f'(x) + e' (eY - l)
x=Of'Q)=/(0)+eY -t
f '(Y) = eY +t
Integrating both sides
f(y)=et +y+c
Putting J=0,0=1+0+c
c=-1
=
f(x)=e'+x-1-
Now, verifY the oPtions.
9. r(x) = I;ol, #) ==t,r,rfl.
J*2 = -! +c
xc
f(z) = -\*c = L+C =7

2 2
f(x) =x x
-l
+-1 '-1-1
gr(.r) = fk)=!-'ix gz@)= f(fk)l= x . =
-1 1
{-} x-l 7-x'

x
1-rL--1)
(x )
g+(x) = gr(x) =+r Bs(r) = 8z(x) = = Bs(r) =r andsoon
*186(r)
x-1 1
Cfin-zlx) = g,rr_r,(x) = gs,(x) = x
;, 1].,
fr{g,r,-r,{*, =
*(, - :) = ; .'. option (A) is wrong.
*(6l,r,,(x)) =
fiul =, .'. option (B) is correct.
Applying L'Hospital,s rule

!s#
1+'2r +"'1 100ree + 1
,r*
r+1 = l+ 2+...+ 100 + 1 = s0b1 .'. option (C) is wrong.
1
! = g ro(x) = gy,r-tt(r) = - 1
l-x
gh,_,@)=#
9ft,_y(r)|,1 =4 .'.option (D) is also correct" Ans.
2
1. (A) f@) =.or-'|,

. -Z:] = I2- ---'
\r+x2) I k
"i.,-t \t**r)
]
ftxl=I-2hn-'r,-1<x<1
2
So, f'(xlo1*=s= -2^=-2 Ans.

. l+x.
(B) g@) =
"os-1(2r2 -
1)
S'(x) =$<*)
,,!t-tu2 _7)2
So, g(0) = non-existent.
Ans.
16i
In +Ztar.-lx, -e(r(0
lz
(c) h(xt =.,"-'
[# J
=
; - "o,-, [ 1#l= lnt-l9 - 2tan-r x, r >0
As h'(O-) = 2and h'(O*) = -2

So, h'(O) = non-existent
(D) ktx) =tur, ' [3'

-']l = rru., ' ,, -l '* 1
[r-s*'j vB
lo
k,(x) =-j , So, fr'(o) = 3 Ans.

l+x2^
z ., '
2. 1l
f1(J) =--COS
-rl7- x"- I = I - 2tan-r x, x ), o
2 It**') z
..( k)l
t * -! + 2tan-7 x; -1 <x<l
fz@) =)c--+ srn^l-l={
2
2 \1+r' ) l- -! + n- 2tan-t x; x>l
t^ 2
fs(x) = 2tan-r x - lc +lxl = 2tan-t x-x+1, l<x<2
tanl > 1
-2
dffrk)) !+ x2 d(fr@))
(A)
dffz@)) ,I- 2 - d(f2\x)\
=1+sec2
- t
l+ x"
I
_:_ -7
d(frG)) 1+ xz
(B) I --1
d(fz@)) 1-
l+ xz
(c) f2@)-fr@)=xforxr>1
x2
lrf ,ul - f{x)) 4is = [x d.x =-+C
2
d,x) = x
ftrlrr,o, - f{x))
*,f,
AX '
f2(xt-flkndxtl
lx-tan I
tanl-
2
(D) lr6r*,,
dx
=
7+x2
-1
lr, f,,*,,1 = aI -l= -1
dx lr=",7 4 2
Slope of the normal = 2 ' Ans.

lnteger Answer Type
r.^ t2f(x +l) -k

1. t-x+t +t)2 f(il = 1 rq'l
f(t)-ftx+t) \0/
2tf(x +l) *(x +l)2f'(t) -,
tim
t+x+t f 'O)
2(x +l) f(x +1) -(x +l)2 f'(x +l) = f'(x +t)
2(x + l). f(x +1) = [1 + (r + 1)2] f '(x + t)
f '(x +1) * 2(x +1)
f(x+L) 1+(r+1)2
Integrating, we get
In(/(r + 1)) = ln(1+ (r + 1)2) + lnc
Put x=-l
0=0+lnc+c=1
+ f(x +7) = 1+(r + L)2
So, f(x) = L+ x2
Hence,
,.
lim
ln(f(r)) ln2 ,. ln(l + x2)
"""*" - ^^^- - lim -lnz - 1 Ans.
.r-+1 x*L x-+t (r*1)
Aliter:
Note : For objective put Jc = *I,
lim
t'f (* + 1) -(r +D2 fO) *1
t+r+t f(t) - f(rc +l)
li* ,rô)
= = 1
t+o f(s) - f(Q)
lim ' =1
t-o f(t) _ l
Hence, f?l-l'=t2=f(x)=7+x2 Ans.
o (a-l)x2 = x(2b+3)
The above equation is satisfied by three distinct values of r therefore it is an
identity.
2-?.a,=0 = a=\ and 2b+3=0 =+ b=a
2
Now, f(x) = 2x +t"
Let g(x) = px + q
g'(x) = p
=
169
/(S(r)) = 6x -7
= Z(Px+q)+1=6x-7
2Px +?q+l=6x -7
=
2p=6
=
= P =3and Q=-4
g'(20L2) =3 Ans'
3. The fact that the limit exists implies that
Iim(/(4r)+af$x)+bfz^d+cf(x)+d,f(0))=(l+a+b+c+d/(0)=0
r -r0
a+b+c*d=-l ...(i)
Apply L'Hospital rule once, then we have
'(3x) + 2bf '(Zx) + cf '(x)
,.
+ af$x) + bf(?-x) + cf (x) + df (0)
rr^4f '(4x) +Saf
- r+0
^f(4il
r-+0 x4 4x3
and for the followinglimit to exist, we also need
hm(4f '(4x) +\af '(k) +zbf '(2n) + cf '(x)) =(4+3a+2b+ c) f '(0) =0
r+O
3a+2b*c=-4 ...(ii)
Repeat this process twice and get another two equations as
9a+4b+c=-16 ...(iii) and 27a+8b*c=-64 ...(iv)
Now,(iv)-(iii)= tfu+ 4b+48=0 + 9a +2b+24 =0 ...(v)
(iii)-(iD = 6a+2b+L2=O = 6a+2b+12=0 ...(vi)
(v)-(vi) + 3a+L2=O = a=-4,b=6
From equation (ii), we get c = -4
and from equation (i), d = 1.
Hence, (25a + 50b + 100c + 500d
- 400 + 500 = 300
= -100 +300 Ans.
4. f@) =2tan-tr andg(r) = x +2-f(s@D =2tan-l(x + 2) solution of inequality
f2(s(x))-;fG@D+4>ois
f@GD< 1or/(g(r)) > 4 = tan-1(r +z)'2ortan-l(r
2
+2) > 2
= tan-l(r + zl .1 1,"- -*
[A.tur,-'t, * zi . 1l
2 2)
/t)
x+2< tr"[r.,l
or
1l - ,'l
- " . l-ro. ,"rl,
"""\z) -
)
1 1 t'an-
!.! = t'unr'
As
26 J3 = '.-r.l-z
Js
Hence,totalintegersintherange are {-9, 4,-7,4,-5,4,-3,-2} =sintegersAns'
5. y''' -2tottt +1=o
Y1/3 - r-" t .,[' Jl
= lnr, = Sln(r t"rF ll

a, IO
l1 - _ry? =gy2
y +x, _7 =(xz
,l
2,xy? +Q2 -l)2yg2 =:r8yy1

xlt+@2 *l)yz=9y (As y, is not equal to 0, because y is not constant)
Dividing by y. we get
*lL*(x2-1)iz =9 Ans.
yy
Alternatively: Given 2,x = (yv\ + y-ua) ...(i)
Differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get
/t
t;
l.y" _ rl
,=
[],:-,_*,;
,J,
1 * 2= t,
3y
]r,
+ un=(oi - J]'' (Squaring)

'
+ 36y2 = Gx2 - q y? {Using equation (i)}
::) 9y'={x2 -Dyl ...(ii)
Again differentiate both sides of above equation, we get
18yy, = (x2 _ l).2yfl2+zxy?
+ 9y = (*' - 7)y, * *y,, (As y is not constant so y, + 0)
=
^ (r2-1).jz*:.Jtx
l= Ans.
yv
g'(x)=f(x)=xe@)
g'(x) _ *x2
*
c@)
2
= ln(g(xl=L -C
4
= g(x) = 4n.u 2
x"
f(x)=xg(x)=laxe 2
I
f '(x) = neT On *') - sb)h(x)

h(x) = l+ x2
Methods of Differentiation t7L
Now, l+x2 =e*
Only one solution. Ans.
Aliter:f(x)=xg(x)
f '(x) = xg'(x) + g(r)
f'(x)=xf(x)+g(x)
g(x)h(x) = x2 g(x) + g(r)
+ h(x)=x2+l (g(r)*0) Ans.
- l- ef")
'1.-=X
7+ el\*)
:+ f'(il =,"f='l
(1+rl domain of f(x)is (-1, 1).
1-x L+x ,2-l

_1
f(xl = lnS +x = --1
1
g'(y) =
f '(x)
g'(h2) 11-3
= =
",r-1) -8 g
' ln) 3
g"(y) = _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
I",,(l;l-l\
g"(ln2) =
\?/
/ r-rt\3.
I ttl 'I I
[' 1z ))
4x
(x2 - t)2
/
-4.1(zl
-r\ I
32
99.
16
(3:2)
-=-
(gl B2xB B
=_=_ 16
r-Rr3
t-l 2e
Is.]
3 r-3\ tt- e
G l.8r-G
25
Ans.
9. We" have
;; - sin(lnx) * cos(Inr))
= *o (.o=tlnr) + sin(rnr)) + rcs [
lnfl+sllltrrl.(,/-r-L
\- ,
-
. )
d,x
= xlt = 5t + 15 (cos(lnr)
- sin(Inr))
(cos(lnx) - sin(lnx)) * ru *f")
= xJz + Jt = byt +bra [-tt"j'"''
(cos(lnr) - sin(In x)) - x5 (sin(1nr) + cos(lnr))
= x2yr+*y1 = 5xy1+ 5x5
= *' y, - xyt = S(xlt - 5Y) - Y
-*'Y, - 4xYt = StcYt - 26Y
+x2yz -9xyt + 26y = O = x2yz * aWt + by = g
q. = -9 ar;.db = 26.
Hence, @+b)=17 Ans'
10. f(r) = 1n(1 + *2) + tan-1 r
g(f(x)) =x
e'ff@))f '(x) = 1
1
=) g'( /(x)) =
f'@
_ f"(x)
= s"ff(x)) f '(x) = (f'(x))2
g' '(f(x)) _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
/ ^\
frx) = tnl z+ = tn(1 + *')
|
+ tan-1x
\/
ln2+ ! = 1n(1 + *') + tan-1 x
4
x =l
t I n\\
%i ll = -f "(1)
c"l
Ir
h,l
))
(f (1))3
f '(x) _ 1 - b _?-tc+l
l+ xz 1+ x2 l+ x2
f '(1) =1
,2
17+x2)2-Q^x +L)Lx 2(7-x-x2)
f "(*) =
(l+ x")"
=+
(l+ x2)2
-1
f "(l) =
n
-1
I I ^\) ,
tr ll= 27=-4
e'"l lnl %n
))
27
8
frD
Metho d s o f D iff er entiation
I .e"l
rt r)ll Ans.
lzt tnl z+ | ll = +
I l. t ,lll
d'y
rt! bc"lrt\=-f"G) Ans.
Alternativ
"tv
= --dr'-.
(dv\3
Hence 'J' (f(r))3
l;. )
Ll. Given sin.r + sinY = 1
dv ...(i)
cos.r[ + --L = l)
COS 1,
"dx
again
dzv (dv\z sinY = g
-sinr + cosY -l + |
-dx" \ctx J
. ,.)
d2y (dv\' . /cosx\
or cosY---;'= sinx + sinr[ffJ = sinx + smvl- I
dx' \cosY /
d2y y + siny cor2 r

COS- ^'?- = sinr
dx' "os2
d'y sinr (1- sin2 y) + sinY(1 - sin2 r)
Using sinr + sinY-= 1

a7 ffi
doy -. sinr (1 - (1- sinr)2) + (1- sinr) (1 - sin2 r)
7.' ;;o
Llll|
-
(1* (1_ sinr)2) Jr - tr - sinx)2
sinr (2 sinr- sin2 r) + (1 * sinr) (1 - sin2 r)
=
(2sinr - sin2 x)J2sinx - sin'r
sin2 r Q- sinx)+ 1- sin2 r - sinr + sin3 r
Go.,f,'lz- sinr)3/2
d.2y
= sin2r-sinr+1-
-
a*z Ginx)3/2(2- "osr)3/'
-. d'zv
Iimx' ---; =
xo sin2 r - sinr + 1
r=o d.x" (sinr)3i2 (2- sinx)3/2
' 3
For non-zero existence of limit o = 9 tif ' , ,h"., limit will be
zero'
22
and L= 7:
2J2
g = 3- .28 =s12 + igl =18 Ans.
L2t \r)
12. We have g(r) = f i +-'l
I Ftrl]
On differentiating w.r.t. r, we get
g'(x)=,,(h)"(*Fo4j{)
ri,=,,(hl"[g+")
As fl)=f'(t)
=+ g'(1) = 0 Ans.
13. f(*) + f(x + 2) + f(x+ 4) = 0 ...(i)
Replacingxbyx+2
fG + 2) + f(x + 4) + f(x +6) = 0 ...(ii)
(i) - (ii)
f(x)-/(r+6)=0
f(x)=f(x+6)YxeR
is periodic with period 6.
/(r)
Differntiating above equation
f'G)=f'(x+6)vrel?
f '(x) is also periodic with same period 6.
f(x) = f(x +6) - f(x +121 = f@ + 18) = ...
f(0) = fG) = f(12) = /(18) =...
and f '(x) = f'(x + 6) = f '(x + L2) = f ,(x +1g) = ...
f '(0) = f '(6) = f '(12) = f '(78) = ...
+t2) - f@)f@ - fG +6)f(Ls) + /2(18)
Now, 1i^f'(*
/-i \ =1i^f '(*) - zf(*)f (o) * ,'ro,
r+0 r+o a(1sn-l 1 tan-l(l-r))
,l - tan-1 (1- rt l
\4 -
)
= lim ff@) - f(0)2

r+0
x.tan-1[1-rt r])
\ r+r-"r l
= hm I /txr - /tor'12 2-x
,-o[ x 2-x
)
trrr-t[ a ]
\z-x)
= ff'(o))2 '2 = 32 Ans.
14. cos ' * = I- sin-l r,
2
sin(cos-l r) = cos(sin-1 r)
sin (cos-1 (sin(cos-1 r))) = cos(sin 1 (cos(sin -r x))) x
=
fk) = tanZ.x
d(tanZ-x)
-U Ans.
d(tanx)-2sec22tc,
sec, *
15. Equation oftangent at x = 2to y = /(r) is ! = x +3.
The point (2, f(2)) i.e.,(2, ft) must satisfy y = x +3.
k=5
- o(r\ /-
fQ)=5=]11F,*,=J31f_;
For finite value of above limit we must have lmq(S(r) - 4) = 0
.'. Limg(r) = 4 = g(2) {As g(r) is a continuous function}
x ->2
AIso 5-8(r)-4-u
x+2 X-2
+ l,:rrys',;r) = 5
g(2) = 5 (As g(r) is differentiable)

8(r) is differentiable function.
f '(2) = f '12" ) = 1* f(2+ hl - f(zl
h.0 h
g{2+h\-4 _s
=lim
h,o
h
h
,.
=[m- s(2+h)-4*5h
iao h2
= {:? {Applving L'Hospital's rule twice}

2
Given, slope of tangent to y = fG) at x = 2is 1.
f'(z)=t
g"9=t
2
. 6"(r.\
6 '-t - ,
f (2) + f '(.2) + g(2) + g'(2) + g' '(2)
=5+1+4+5+2=17 Ans.
t6. g3(r) -(r3 -r3 = 0
+ z)g2(x) +(2-x3 + 1)g(r)
(s(r) - t)2 (g(x) -r3) =o
=
So, invertible function is
8(x) = x3
8-r(x') = *us
g'(8).(g-1)'(8) = 16 Ans.
Indefinite
Integration
Exercise-1
1. f '(x).f '(x) - f@).f "(*1 = g

ur tf
'txt)z - f(x)f "bc) _ n
.- 2 =u
(f''k))'
al fl*tl_o
dxlf '{x) )
Integr:ating, [^\.:). =, ...(i)
f '(x)
put r -0, #="
+ c=!'hence ftx) -!2
2f'(xl
From (i), 2f(x) = f '(x)
'(xl o
f_=z
fG)
Again integrating, ln [/(r)] = 2x + lt
put r=0togetk=O
f(x) = eb Ans.
2. We have fk) = (r + 1)3
+-l)a
Now, J fola* = !(x + 1)3 4* =k *"
Indefinite Inte g r atio n 177
= g(x)=(x + 114
4
44 24
Hence, g(3)-gtrt=T-T=64-4=60 Ans'
o.
3. Integrat" J
ntu" sin 0 d0 by parts. One integral cancels'
+cosr+1)-(er +sinr+.n) dx=ln(e, +sinx+x)-x+C

4. I=;(e*
J e* +sinr+x
.'. f(x) = e' + sinr + r
and gk) = -x
Ans'
f(x) + S@) = e' + sinr
b. Let Jf -51:l 4!
â
J:- d.* = f(,*), where f(r) and g(r) are polynomials;
lA*, - 2Bx +Cl2 g(x)
(Bz + AC + Axz + 2Bx + C is not a perfect square)
Differentiate w.r.t. r
axz+2bx+c -gk)f'(x)-f(x)g'(x) ...(i)
(Ax2 + 2Bx + c)2 g2tx)
Hence, g(r) = Axz + 2Bx +C
If Nrof RHS in equation (i), has to be a quadratic function then f(r) must be linear
function (think!)
i'e', f(x) = Px + q
p(Axz + 2Bx + C) - (px + Q('2Ax + 2'B) = qxz + 2bx +c
2
Comparing coefficient of r
AP -2AP = q
-Ao=a
+ p=+
Coeffrcient of r
2BP -(?-BP + 2Aq) = 26
= -Aq=b
-b
+ a- A
Constant term
PC-ZBq=s
Substituting the values of P and q
-aC* 2Bb ='
A A
2Bb-aC = Ac
=
2Bb=Ac+aC
Hence, 2Bb=Ac+aC Ans.
6.
- lt ;-*adx=l
7. b+l . t Zt+l
:-- . t 2s-2+x-3
u(x"+4x+l't"'' -^d*=l-:*dx
1)'"" '(r*n* 1)"'"
,rlt*n*
x ( x
\ *') *2)
NowputL,
L*!+t=t2.
x"X
8. I =J {rirrtf OO, + r) .(sinr)dedr
= JKsin{f OOr) cosr + cos 100r . sinr)l(sinr)eec,r
= J sin(100r)Sosr . (sinr) dr
ee 100
dr +J cos (100 r) . (sinx)
III
100
sin(100r) (sinr)
- *: cos (100r ) (sin r) 100dr + cos( 100r) (sin r )
100
dr
100 100 JI J
sin(100r) (sinr)1oo
+C Ans.
1oo
qx
g. Putl = * * | d* ;put cosr -L*tan-
, coso+cos.r
l+tanzx
10. f(x2 +l) =(x2 +1)2 + 3x2 +2=(x2 +1)2 +3(x2 +1)- 1
Put x2 +L=t
f@ = tz +3t - 1 now integrate
f(x) = x2 +3x -l
11. Note that .""-t ..[ * r' = tan-1 r;
r. *--2\
.o.' l'- 2tan-lr forr
(r+x'j =
l >o
tan 1r
I = JlY ^ ((tan-1 x)2 +2tan-t flc,x
l+rz
Put tarfr x =t
= !e'{t2 +2t)d.t -- et .*
x (tan-l x)z
= ntan-r +C Ans.
1,
1-
t2.l x' dx;
(*'*l+Bltrrr-'lr*1)
\ ,2 / I x,/
In de f inite Int e g r atio n t79
| \ - x'l
[, '"']a,
dx
'[(,.:l'.'l*"'[,.])
x't
[\ )
2'r'(cosec2x
!3. In = lcot"x 4x1 = [cot" -l)dx
I,_u
n.-l
" =-:-n-l --ln.2

n.-7
I-+I-,--u (Put n - 2,3, 4, ...10)
n- L
I.+I^=-L1
2
I"+L=-u2
l,+1"=-- ,3
3
::: q
1ro+1, =- ,
Adding Io + I, + 2(12+ 1, +... +.Ir) + In + Iro
( uz u')
=-ltt+-+...+-l
2 el Ans.
\.
1
14. 'f'lx)= 1+cosx '
edx
Integrating, f(xl= I 9* -
2cos'
2
=11="., Ld* =!.z.tunL+c =.*nL+c

212222
/(0)=3=C=3;
f(x\ =tanr
t--' ----2,+ S, f (!)
-"\2) =+ Ans.
15.
, '2x +3
dx
)(*'*3ilk2+3r+2)+1
Put x2 +k =t
(2x +3)dx = dt
I d' ,f d'==c-J
ltft+2l+l'r(t+l)2 ,+1
-c- x2 +3x +7
= a=I,b=3,c=1 = a+b+c=5 Ans.
16. 1= rI d* +7-x2oo7
rtx
xtxzoaT * tt
= J..;Ctrm;D
-1x2oo7
=J[] -,ffi, 1,.

,ln.r- 1l"*2007 - ln(1 + x2oo7 )
' Ir* l+xzool)=
2007
hl j----l+C
1t2007\
zooT lt+r2oo7 ]
p+q+r=6027 Ans.
Atternatively: 1=
hr6#tr-,, = Ii.'ffi
17. Let r = ln*( ,"?i:
+tanzl* - i1'1a*
' \1+tanx \ 4l)
2tun* (*-"1-rla,
=lrr( --- t-'
, tt+tanr+sec2 4) ')-""
= r["' Itanr - 1l]a,
1
- \ - 4l)
\t+tanx+ sec2l*
= J", [,",[ - - on)+ sec2 (. - o^))o-
/ _,
=e'tanl x--"1+c Ans.
\ 4)
18.
! fO a* = h(secr) + ln(sec 2t) + ln(sec 4r) + In(sin8r) +C
=ml .i"& 'l*c

\ cosr 2r 4.r cos cos ,/
=lnl
,( Ssinr'sin&r \
|
\ 8sinx.cosr cosZt cos4.r /
= rr, = u,ts.i,rr) = tns+ tn(sinr) +c

[8.iry",qq{)
= ln(sinr) +C Ans.
-
I nd e finite Int e gr atio n 181
-'(.f(x)-f '(x))
d.x =
t9 (1 + e-.' f(x))2 O*
1
Put -L
l+ e-'f(x)
-e-*f'k\+f(x\e'o* =dt
(1+ e-'f(x))2
I=t+C=- | Ans.
1+ e ' f(x)
-+C
20. Differentiate the given integral with respect to r
dzu d.u drt u dzu- du du , dw
dzu= u-ii.;;
"i., i- dx, ,t*' d** d*
d.w d,2u
dx dx2
-
dw=u
d.2u -
dx"^dx
, d.2u .
w = tlu-:d.x Ans.
dx"
dy _ -cosr(y+1)
21. We have,
dx (2 + sinr)
,I dv
vr r| -cosff
""""" dx
J v+1 = J 2+sin.r
frf, * 1) = -ln(2+ sinr) + Inc Ans.

/\
(v+1)=l. " I
\.2 + sinr /
As y(0) = 0 = 1=! = c=2

2
2
+ y+l
2+ sinr
_
- 2 -t=!-- t -1
/P \
lDTrl Ans.
So-
' vl-l
"\6/ 5 5
2+1
2
22. We have
7=
[{*r*-, **2m-r +**-r)(Z*7* +7x2* +14x*)u* dx
Nowput 2,tc7* +7x2* +74x* =t*

L4m(v7*-t * *2m-r + x*-L)dx = mt*-t d.t
I = ! lt- -L (t. )u* dt

T4J
t''*' * C
= l4(m + t)
m+7
_(%c7' +7x2* +14)c'\i _n Ans.

14(*-D
-TU
23. We have
lfZy * 5)d.y =
[@x +B)dx
+ y2 + 5y= q{t +3x +C
"2
First of all, for circle we must have
ct=-2
= *'+y'-Br+Ey=C
AsP(1, lies on it, so 1+ 1-3+ 5 = C
1)
=C = 4
So, equation of circle isx2 +y2 -3x+5y-4=0,
whose radius = -E*?! * 4=

J' Ans.
!4 4 2
24. [$=Segl4r. - t| secr ' tanr ' secr ,..
" .,/2 cos2 r - 1 z- sec2 r
^l
Put 2- sec2 x - t2
rt =c -t =c -Jr- sec\
-lt-at
=g -Jtaar\ Ans.
f(x2 + 1) = (r 2 +t)2 +Bxz +l
Put x2 +L=t
f(t)=t2 +3(t -1)+1
f(t) =t2 +3t -2
[fr*ta*=$*+ ?-x+c Ans.
26. Put lnx = t
| -4:=
to*rll_ sin-,1'l'
2)n= 6
I Ans.
t'
Indefinite
27. sinl1x(sinr)ae = [sinr'cos50r(sinr)ae + cosr sin50r(sinr)ae]

d ((sirrr)to sin 5or)
dx
=
50
28. rt=7,12=4
I Pt*)'"h* d* = Q(x)'ea* + c
)
k=4
and P(x)et* = s4* 1g'(x) + 4Qk)l
p(x)' Q'tx)
^
Q(r) Q(r)
lirrP(')
,-,_e(r) =o+4=4
Alternative : As Q(r) wili be a polynomial of same deglee as that of P(r) and the
P+'
leading coefficient of QG)is equal to leading coefficient "f
]sffi=l*h=n
Required=7+'7+4+4=22 Ans.
29. We have f(x) = (r + l-)3
k +-1)a
*,
Now, ! tr*]6* = !{* + l)3 dx -
(r + 1)a
= g(xt=
4
Hence, s(3) - s(1) = t44-4 = un - 4 = 6o Ans.
30.
I#a*=S-!!*a*
,.1+r2o1o ,
=J;;r* d*-)t 1
x+*zonax
[ .4*11-1 ' = r 1+tr2010

ax
r 1+f,zo1o
"oo' ,, **1ffi );;xro, )dx
h(xt=14
Jx =lnx-C
h(1)=0 .'.c=0
hG) = lnx
h(e)=lr.e=l Ans.
i| -loglo /1oo-rr1
\ r 1l
I t"gro z I
31. A= 2\) =r(*'[#-r))

=A
A* x .1 100-r
100 -r A
. rloo_x)
1=llog"10.logrnl .
' -'\ x )
ta*
Jimtroo - x) -lnx) dx
=
= (x - 100) ln(100 - r) +(100 - x) - xlnx +x+C

I = (x - 100) 1n(100 - x) - xlnr +C Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. I to B

+ rl*
llyLd,x
ux'-l =tnir'z+r
r-1 3tur-, lb !-1\*c
I I Js I Jd I -
Differentiating both sides, we get
f(x)_ _ x -\ (x -t)(Zx+1)-(r2 +x +t).1
,3-1. x2+x+l (x - L)2
I
2
' -1"
r*[4 * t;' Jg
\aE)
Al:-.-l:1=L a
4
-l x3 3 3+(4x2 +4x+L)
x2 -2-x-2 1
x"-l x2+x+l
f@)=(x2 -?-x-2)+(x- t)
_^.2
L -- o
- -_L -O
/(1) = -3 Ans.
r=l 1-6cosecx,.
d( srnr ) =J srnf d(sinr)
6+ /(sinx) 6+sin2r-sinr-B
r- 9
sln.n
=I d(sinr) (Put sinr = /)
sin2r*sinr+B
Irudefinite Integr ation 185
_6
I-
16
-l t ,lt=l t2 t3
=)tr_*s"'=J-18 dt
"'
ttz
t 1 D\ / 1 Q
=tnl1-'**l*K=hl
\ t l' )
r--' n -|l+K
\ Slnr(. sln' .r
\
(13\
g("r)=lnl t- -' 1--. ,-l
\ Srn"r Srn" "r .i
'l
srtr=
''\ +.
lnil- sinl -'"
sin'I )
Now, limg(f) = InS Ans.

t) t
,_ f 5+/(sinx)+f(cos *) d,*
'-J .;** + cosr
sinr
=J
5+ sin2 x - sinr -3+ cos2x - cosr -3,
slntr + cos.tr
= !-ax = -x *X
h(x) = -x (since h(1) = -1)
Hence, tan-r(hQD + tan-1(h(3))
= tan-1(-2)+ tan-1(-3) = :!n Ans.

4
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 4 and 5

- !l'
b@. b.tt
' =( a2 - * \b - 2t)2 + (r - 1)2 + 1
\ 2)
Now consid er E = (b - 2t)2 + (t - l)2 + I = 5t2 - 2t (2b + l) + b2 + 2
Now, f{!l=-= -D
b2-4b+g lb-2t2+5
"4a55
7
Hence, - 212 +7
g(6) = grcr. b. t)l.in = th
o
ll\v E=bz -4bt+5t2 *2t+2

Hence, f(r) = 0(o. b, /);-,. = -:-D-
4a
_ 4 7(5t2 -z:?*!:
4
=5t2 -z +2-4tz =t2 -2t +2=ft -1)2 +1
186 GRB Problerns in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(i) I d*=tan-l(r-1)+c
J(r-1)2+1
(ii) 1[n'tr 2 - 4x +9)dx = ex (Lxz +Bx +C)+D
tr,J
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. r

!n' k2 - 4x +g) = e' (2Ax + B) +(Ax2 + Bx + C) e*
5
A=!.8=-6,c
55 =B
A+B+C = 1 -9+3=2 Ans.

55
f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy - x - y
Partially differentiating w.r.t. y (taking r as a constant)
f'(xy).*=f'(y)+r-1
Putting ! =l
f'(x)'x=f'(L)+x-l
f'k)'x=3+r
f'\il=!+t
x
f(x) = 3lnr +x +c
From the given functional rule
x=!=1,/(1)=1
f(x)=3Inr+r+c
x=lrc=0
fG) = Slnx +r
(i) f@)=0 =Slnr*r=0
+ Inx- " Ans.
o
Clearly, ro lies in the interval (0, 1).
(ii) lf'*',*= Jf3l'{it
) x
d*=|[3lnx
J\ x
+r']a,
x )
3(lr*)2 +x +c :/nx
=
(iii) [ef
k)d'x
= e' (ax3 + bxz + cx + A +x
= tn1t"'*'d, =e'(ax3 +bxz +cx +A+),

I nde finit e Inte gr atio n 187
= !x3e* d.x = ex bx2 - A (aJcs + cx + + X
Differentiating both sides, w.r.t r

)c\e' = e' (ax\ +bx2 + cx + d) + e' (Saxz + 2bx + c)
Comparing coefficients on both sides
a=1,3a+b=0 = b=-3
2b+c=0 + c=6
c*d=0 + d=-G
a+b+c*d=1-3+6-6=-2 Ans.
r'
r. t'-=!l . dt =!r dt
rJ7*t *1- rJ G +U D), +$t 4)
= !'
2:tu"-' f +g / 2)l
2 Js l.lsrz ' )
1 -,/2+1\
,*tan't-m-l
1 -, (u2 +t\
=fttan-'[-*-]." An*
.
Alternatively: I=1.
" (r'-!*^
+'zx- + L) - rc- 2
_t
r xdx
J(*'*x+l)(x2-x+l)
L c@2 +r + 1) -(x2 -r + 1) dt
-l-
2'(*2+x+1)(r2-x+l)
1r dx 1r dx
2Jx2-x+l 2Jx2+x+l
=!r d* -!r o*
2J (* -(712D2 -ditzlz 2J (* +l/D)2 -t'El2tZ
1 1 -,(2.x+Lt
=:tan'l-.(21.-1\
= l-:tan'l:l \J3
(Js).ls
Ja l
1[ -, ( 2e -t\ - tan-' (u
=
G;ru"-' t
-*l -,
I t-
+t\1 .
i] "
Ans.
2. simplifying gives , = S ,tt-Bt:n2 :\ sec2 : ax

' (3 - tanz r) (1+ tanz r)
Put tanx = t
188 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
t= S-L-}tt
'(3-t")(l+t')
-a,
t( 1 2 )
=J[;r'z-.--r'z)dt
o.
OI
r= & + .tr*) (1- ."rr) COST
Jst"r (1- stn-) ,6trur(1- strlr)

cos.r rl- -dt
-
Jl-
tl \2 // 1\- o
-l (2)-srnx I -/t I -t'
v\2/
1+ sinx + cosr ,
+.,1+K=! _or
1+ sin.r + cosr
J+K=x+C ...(i) +(C)
Again J-K=T (sin2r-"os2r)+sinr _dx
- cos.r -
1+ sinr + costr
_t (sinr - cosr) (sinr + cosx + 1)
_J r.*
1+ sinr + costr
J-K=-cosr-sinr+C ...(ii)
Hence, J=K-(sinr+cosr)+C (B)
Also (i) + (ii)
ZI =x -(cosr+sinr)+C
I =!i--sinr-cosrl+C
2
and (i) - (ii)
2K=x+(sinr+cosr)+C
K =!f*+
2
sinr + cosr) +C
From (i), J=x-K+C = (C) Ans.
1. Given , [#d*
= and,t =
!-91- a*
, ,3* d*
J = r1e4' -e-' o* =Jrnn*
l+e4,
r+r=li#*
Put e'=t = e'dx=dt
I nd e finite Inte gration 189
r +r =r l1*", d.,=J= d, = !,*0,

l+ta ' t, * t
_!)' .,
,r, ?:
Put t- \=y
t
, =(,\ * \)a,
r" /
= a,
= trI
1 -r y 1 -rt2_ l
dy =:tan'-:=.-...:tan
-
y'*2 .,tD J, .1, "lit
J+r=1,ur,,["il)*c
.lz ...(i) = (P)
| "lzrr )
(-7+ eb )
llVv J _I = J
1e* dx = )l_t!!t at
l+ en' l+ta
1 1
-1+ -1+ (t\
= + tt'*7^
| --J!-dt = +l
t[r*r\'-,!' o, It+-=y1
a
\r)
t' [''t,J
J-I=*fty'-2
/v =-2J2 t:rnv-J?
y+Jz
. t+--"ti
I
1
J-I=--l:In
2"12
t*7*Jz
t
=
1 t2-Jit+t
2J2
-ln- t2 + nDt +7
1 , ,'u -^[2n* +l
-_..:
2J, eu +J1e'-t
...(ii) = (Q)
(i) - (ii) gives
zI = ):tan14-_
I eb -tFze'+1,
-Jz Jzu* 2{2 eL' +.,tEh; + 1
I = f:[ru.,-' 'u -\ I e% -,F2e' + 1

(R) Ans.
z.Jzl J2nr 2 e% + J?n* -F 1
==>
Integer Answer Type
1. lr*rnt=x-7
dx
2
x2y = !t* -tla* =x2 -*ag
If x=lry=0
o=1-t*c
2
C =!2
qx2 l
x'\r"22
=
11 1 _1
"2x2ac2
= I _ 1 _r-1
dy
dx *' *3 *3
r-1 >u
t(
3
x e (-*,0) u(1 -)
2. wehave [ l--Tcoszx o*
' sin' x cost.lc
=
"ts:c=
dx-71-+ dx=Ir-Iz
stn' r " srn' r
Now, L = l['-+] "u",
xdx =le+a +71t1!-.osrdx
' \ sin'r./ sin'r ' sino r
(D (II)
(By Parts)
t?l* *,,
- sin'x
rr_ rr=
ffi*"
where C is a constant of integration.
Hence, g(x') = 1^n,
So, g'(x) = , arrd g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
"""2 / _\
' :) = +
s10) = l and g"[
\4)
/ n\
Hence, g'(0)+ g"l:
" \4)i= 1+4 = 5 Ans.
Indefinite Integration 191
" 1-7cos2r . * L-
Aliter: We have tl-;i+ dr = l 'f', dx -71--
rsec2
a*
" srn' x cos- "r " srn' -r " srn' x
7 = [tsinr)-7
It
(sec2 x)d.x -7f (cosecx)7 dx integrating by parts
III
tun* *71 cosx tanx dx
=(sinr)7 dx
J(sirrr)8 -7[J(sinr)7
* ll,
d* d* t""= *c
= 'u", = -rl, (sinx),
(sinx), , =(sinr),
Girr*),
Hence, g(r) = tanr
So, g'(x) = sec' ,
and g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
s10) = tund. s"(
" 1l = n \4)
Hence, g'(o)+ s"(Il 1+4 = 5 Ans.
\4) =
Alternatively: We have
I=*nd*=39L*c
sln' cos'x
.r sln' .r
...(i)
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get

l-7 cos2 x (sin7:r)g'(r) - sG)(.7 sin6 r cosr)
sin7 r cos2,
--= sinl4 x
,"c2 * -7 = g,(x) -7 g(x)cotx
=
which is possible when g(r) = tanr
So, g'(x) = sec? *
and g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
9'(0) = L
/ _\
and s"l:l=
" \4) +
Hence, g'(o)+c"[+.l =t+4=S Ans.

,4)
3. 1=
= Jtanar O* =*ln(sec8r) +C
1--4
a. ftxt=l^ -'t^ r,"dx
3.
t.t ort *2 frjo*the Dr, it will come out as r
" 1
-
x+ _-3
ltdx
rt
-*-,\"'
J
[,' J
1 |
-oldx=2tdt 1\
Put'r-*' =t2-2lx+
\ x" I
Jc
l'(x) = -l \a, =!t +C = --L . +C,
'1" ^ll-*n
asf(0)=0=Cr=0
Now, l-=:a*
' rJr-r+ =1=sin-lr' nc,
2
but 8(0)=0=C, =6
s(x) = f.irr-'r'
"2
Hence, ,("1) =
ir=;
k=12 Ans.
-
AlternativelY : I = | ---:
-*4 -l -9*4
(1- --:- 4*
x* )-'
'
.l I * ?-xo ),
=J
[,r-rt,- 11- *1t'' )a*
This is of the form f(r) + xf '(x).

Flence, I=xf(il=__!_=+c
^ll_ *n
2.=
b. '.'I (.r-) 1
-)c
-) f'tx\= 1 ,rr0
Jx
= f(x)=zJi+c k=integrationconstant)
/(1) = 1
= c=-1
f(x) = 2"lx - l, r >0
and g'(sin2r-1) = xeR
"rr2*+PY
In definite Inte g r atio n 193
EJ'(-cos2 x) = cos2 x + p
=
g'@)=p-x,Yr€[-1,0]
*!
+ g(x)= nx-\+k (where&=integrationconstant)
g(-1) = 0
1 o=-p-f,-n
= u=},*o
e(x)= p*-{*!*p
22
h(x)=1 *2
I z.[i-t, r>o
1
lo.'1 i,* o, -1< r s 0

*
... Atr = 0, L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0).
= -r=i,*, = p=;
Hence, 2p = -3
.'.Absolute value of 2p is 3. Ans.
t1+r)-(1+r'z-)1
6. F(xt =; dx = ln(1 +x)+c
'(1+r)'(1 +x")"
tf'(99)-f(3)l=[1n25] =3 Ans.
7. -1<sin2r<0
[- sin2 r] = -1or 0
=+ su"-1 [- sin2 xl = nas sec-1(0) is not defrned.
J
r".-t [- sin2 x]d.x = rx + c
f(x) = rx
^/8\ 8 8
ll-l=Tc-=-
\ru/ Tx x
("f a)) _16
['l;].J - ,,
/ /8\\
= lfl _rrr | = 16
_=zo Ans.
I I nr))lr_, 8
8. J, (y2ooe +tr803 +xa0t)(?-1608 +5rn, *11olrno, o*
I@'oot +r803 *rn") (%2oto + 5180a +l1xaoz)uao2 dx

put .h201,0
+ bx80a +lOxa02 =t;
4020(x2oos + x8o3 +ir aor)dx = dt
(v2oos + ir 803 + *aol) a" =
ffi;
1 , 1
( t$oz
1.,)
=4020J fs+izr1.1= I
40201 1 *rl
I
[402 )
/ +oe\
- 1 ltno'1 *4oztli#
4o,0l "1-o! l- noro
1
403
\+oz )
403
|
= 4030 (2o'o1o + 51 804 * ro*+ozlioi
+ a=403 Ans.
Letx=t2=d,x=Zd.t
r=21 Q2 - L)t d.t
t(t +t2 *lr[tft' *u
(t2 - t) dt
=21
,I-];),8
Put t+-1 = y2;

t
(r-
\ ,'!)* =2ydy
,=nldh= tan-tfi-."
= 4tan-7.1.t; *a *c
Indefinite Integration 195
8(r)
r;L* :i
= /r/x
\JX
e,1) = 12 Ans.
cot 2r cotSx
10. 1 = J 1" dx - Jltan 2x LanSx LanT x dx
cot5x
_=;_
Consider t, = lftan7x -tar.lx -tan2,x)dx ...(i)
e coL2,x cot3x
Again Ir = Jl-dx
cotSr
5x = 2s. +3x;
cot(A+B)=-cotA cotB -
1
cot 5r
cotB + cotA
cot5r =
cot2,tc colSx - L
-
"rt}* "rt}.
cotlx cotZx + cotSx cot3r + I = cot2x cot1x
- =J-al
/1
r cot 5x cotZx + cot5r colSx + 1
I, = tkot2x,+ cot3r + tanbx) dx

Now, I=Ir-Iz
I = Jtcot%,+ l{tan7r - tan 5r - tan2a) dx
cotSr + tan 5r) d.x -
= Jtcot?-x + Lan2-x) dx + !kot3x) d.x + 2lftanlx) ilx - l1anT x) dx

lntsin3x) ?
. = r!,cosec 4x)r* * + lrrt.*" 5xt +llntcosTx)
1 lntsin3x)
]7 InrcosTrr- c
2-"-'-"*--'---
= lr-r("o.". 4x cot 4x,* nlm,sec5x)+
3 5
1 1
= l,-,(turr2r, * Ir,,sin3x) * 2 ln,"*.s*l + ] ln(cos7xt + C
2357
Hence, o+h+c+d-- -1127
+-+ +-
2357
= t05l]9lt1r!9 _ 28e _ m
270 270 n
m+n= 499 Ans.
Definite
Integration
Exercise-1
1. I*" = J0
ln'' r cos.r .e'in* dx
- * r0Snl2 ,"in' 4*
T---:i--
= ffe"i,,,l.l, _ y,,r r,rn, dx + !i,, n"r", dx = !! ...(i)
Again ,r," = d.* - e",,' d*

[o'' +,*# !"/2
= -.re"o" l.o'' *
ff'' n,."" dx -lj"o'"", a- = -i ...(ii)
.
..
IN,l en.2
r-t =-=c Ans.
Vo,l 2n
y,t'z !n?t dt = 0 as the integrand is an ocld function.

2. J-3
t2 +l
Also l: = d' 1 tan-llijelgt
t0 t, + 2f cosu +
= sinq sina ln=--L
1 2sinrx
Thus the given equation reduces to
t' o
2sincr
-2=o
= --1/g"q
^r =*9 u
Ans.
3. We harr"
f, @x + q)(x2n*r + a,x + bn) clx = O
Definite Integration 797
Equating the odd component to be zero and integrating we get

2p *',olo *2b,q
tPvnl- =oY p, q
2r*3' 3
Hence, bn =0 and Qn= Ans.
2ru +3
,4. I(a\ =
fr15+ c2 sin2 x + Zx.i,rrla, (r; r sinr a* = n)
n3=
/(o) = *no' *2n
3az 2
I n' ,'f
- nl " 1:-la)n
lgo' 2)
-l
f .2 -
=
^ll l--
\ Jao
al) nTlnzn
J2 J6.]
|
:- = "-- = o' = n.[?3

llz
+ "=!"!5
/(o)is minimumw hen - Ans.
^lsa Jz v
Also
- r'11,E.
1(o) l.;n = 2n+ ,\i
J
5. We hur" ? = ff'
(Be3'+ 2eb -e')-(ek +eb -e' !! a*
e3* +e% -e' +l
= 1ln(e3' + nb - e' + l) - r]b"'
= (ln(8 + 4 - 2+ 1) - ln2) - (ln2 - 0)
= tr,1f - ln2 =
24 ln!
. 11
= n' ="'n t = 11 Ans.

4
6. Let I = Sr zot g,. x2oo .ll_ x)7 dx

UI
f1
| ,n,l- 7 [' (1- *)u.* ,r-l
I = 207 C,l't tt - rl' .)c-1
20tl
* 20110 - 'o'
l.-
1 r"." --l
IO
l
?
= 207C,.
' 201J0t (l_x)6.xzol dx
198 GRB Problents in Calcultts (Hints & Soltttions)
LB.P. again 6 more times
2O7a 7l
l:
' *'o? a*
201.202.203.204 205.206 .207 fi
(.207)t 7l 1
=_
7\2o})t ,0].202-207 208
(207)1 7t 1 1
=__._=
(207)t7! 208 208 h
k=208 Ans.
7. Putnx =t
a*=4!
It
, =+:!:*'" tlsintldt =lfroor"rlsinrlc/r ...(i)
, =
+l;0"^
(2008rr -t)lsintldt ...(ii)
(i) + (ii) u =?Y!:oo'n ;*inrldr = (2008)2.fi lsinrlar
-
I =(2008)2;
Hence, here = ZOOS Ans.
L = lim 5r(x7+x2 +r3
"f
8. + ...+xn)
ti.r1[a- +8 +72 +...*+."1

= n-*nln
(4)
lli.n=-l
n n n) \ n)
xr xl
=,li1*9,r.2+B+...+n)
= ntim{.tt(n+lt
,*nz -r Ans.
2
,l fte sinrI.
J,, 1**sl - Jro
1+*8 "* Jro 1; Jro
r -r19
[,r_L!r"{l r* .- lrc dx -- ls dx =t_t
lx-'l
I L -z .],0
't-
=-l[19
7
'-10-']
= 1[ro-, - tg-'] . 10-'
7
+JEsinr)lax
,
10. /= fi" ,"[ COStr
cos.r
cos.r )
= Jo
1*" l' z "orf\.* - I'lr,
g/ - .|l"
,o cosx dr
-
--;;6;-
= ff'' ln(2 ccrsr) o* - fo''
ln(cosr) dr
/' hr{.orr) d,
= .l;,, ln2d.x * f " k {.o. x) d.x -f
iT- Ans.
= -ln 2
3
t - /* \\
Alternatively :.I =fi" tn[t + Js tan[r -.
))0.
6 -=*"' ]lr,
=fi" r,[r *.n[1.1+J3tanx))
t
,rrIr
+ JE ta.,,i s - JE turr'l4,
= .l;,,
I t+J3tanr )
r"
= Jo r.,[---j-]a,
[rr Ja l,anx\+ )
2r =(!\.2tn2
\.9/
r I-3
=llnz Ans.
11. We have f(x) = sek + 9"' - y*

Now, f(0) = -1
'C[+B=1 ...(i)
=
f '(]rtZ) = 30
+ 8ct+2P-Y=30 ...(ii)
and fi"n iFtri +vx)dx = 24
f;n ,** + Be') d.x = 24
r zr ,ln4
= lg-+0"'I
\ z )s
=24
+ 15u+6B={$ .. .(iii)
.'.On solving (i), (ii), (iii), we get cr = 6,9 = -'7, y - 4'
Hence, (ct+B+y) =6 -7 +4=3 Ans.
12. I = [^ 1r't*1. *t d* = sinx .hul17* - f- .o", .h(il dx--

d-@
-- rir J__
-
=0-cos0=-1 = (A) Ans.
Note that here cosr = f(x).
tB. timf f'(1*r)^dr)'^ = 11-f

tr*'it.'1tl'^
i-s\Jo / i:ol ).+ 1 lr.,]
= ri*[ 2i'*r -
r.+ol ),+1''1ui (1- form)
)
=e^"sl["",.'i''-'] =e
,,,%1 "^,|;1;' I
,_fzrzilLr_rl-J
= ,^-ol
r
= = =! Ans.
"2tn2-t "'"(1) e
14.
+*nd.* = !' n.*' d*
+
B Ii
B+[-xe''2ll-fi -n-"d*
11 2 1
= ln e-, dx E=je Ans.
15. JSr -6 - x, +Y, !
22 *
= Sx -6-x2 >o Ans.
16. 1= + orb,*Ib+s) dx
!'o{o"*u.'
f *b*,
-lac._+---l ol6rlb+611
I b+2 Bb+6 _ln
=dc*o'b
b+2 3(b+2)
Hence, 161 = --J-.[Bac + a3b] ...(i)
3@+D'
o'(o*3' l
\ o2)
n(b-D
If this is independent of b, then -{ = Z. Ans.
a'
Alternatively : If the integral is independent of 6, then 1,(b) = 0 lusing (i)l
Definite Intesration 20r
/
I'(b\= -o" , +Ol9,3 /b+2-2))
(b+2)t 1s I
a.z J.J
-ctc r-l a3( 2 ) |

=
$+2)z e lt|+zl, )
1 (2a3
-
-
dCl=-=AC
\ U3
(b+zi2[ 3
=..............................-._l
)
=
3
,=ff Ans.
17. Substituting lnr = /, we get
l'"'"lr+
1201() / *1 -t '
ldt=2009+l-' \ ,2tr10-ln 2010 -1
4u, (u =t -lnt)
J1 | rri -(lnf)) ) tL v
= 2009 - ln(2010 - In2010) Ans.
r.8. Given U, = !: x" .(2 - x)" d.x;

V, = !: x" .(L - x)'' d*
In [,I, put x = 2t + d.x = 2dt
u 2n 't" 2" (1't)" dt ...(i)
' = '!:'
Now, ,, = r[:'' x"(L- x)" dx (Using Queen) ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)

(J'=22n'V' Ans.
19' since0 < sinr < land 1+r > lin(O' nl 2)
Hence, Is > Iz > It Ans.
+ A and E are correct = (D)
20. T- =
----r (n+i\n+2r) n(r* r)[r* 2')
-n \ n,/( n )
s = rim $ h*r)l,r.Z')
,-*7=t\ n/( n)
11 dx 1t 2dx
=l=l_-
Jo (1 + x)lL+ ?*tc) Jo (2+ Zx)(l+ ?'tc\
(2+Lr)-(1+Lr)
_ rtJo (2+?tc)(l+?rt) Ox
t '
-L'o\r*zt-2{l+x)l
=2[r(
'ir,l
)
. ,1
= z +ln(1
ol
+ 2r)l - ln{1+r) llo
alo
= ln3 - ln2 = lni2 Ans.

21. sinrux - sin(n - 2)x = 2cos(n- 1)r sinr
i"l,::=2\ *
I:- d* = [2cos(n - t\ dx * f
srn.r
a*
sln.f
sin 5x y'rz sinSx
[/2
Jo sin r
---'= Jo
d* ---* Jo sinr o*
f '' 2"os 4x d.x --'
= o * ro
l*"
ti'& d,
sinr
Jo2d.r=n
=f'' Ans.
,r.rlf,G)ld.x -lr f '(x) dxl; I
I: lf '@)P* >lf{z)1= 2 Ans.

IL
23. We have ) Qii =, dll * dZ2 * ...* Arn.

l=1
n
2o,, 211too + 2roo +...+ /r1oo)

Now, trm-^ = lim
n -- ,rlol n)@ n101
,
=2limlflfal'oo=rlo,
u-- n u_r\n
,r00 d,* =-101 Ans.
)
b
As ) (sin-1 r, + cos-1 yi) = 9n
i=l
= (sin-l r, + sin-l xz *... sin-1 r6) + (cos-1 y, * cos*1 !z +...cos-l y6) = 9zq
which is possible only when sin-l x, = l2 and "os-l y; = r,Y i = l, \ ...,6.
xi = 1andy, = -1,V i=L,2...,6
:.
ott
= D*, =6and) ti =-6

i-6 r ln(l * *')
No*, J(i 1 dx = o (Using property of defrnite integral)
qe, + e_, )
odd function
Ans.
25. I=lJ0*,. I
I
x2cos(r)+e' +
Y
2
cos(; L +e
\'+ 1 dx
\
I
e'+l e )
f"o
J_,,
f( c) dx l; f( x))d:
d)c )
Jn
f(-.x) dx Il
L
, x
2
cos (.r) e^ + rl
-dx L 9r.-!.q_l1 e + -) lo*
fi [1 e
x
+ 1 e' + 1
1
I
"a cos( ,)+ k e' +,x.- cos ( x) et + r)
= l; [, et'+l
-) dx
t;
l
(r 2 cos (r r 1)( e'+1)
I
e' + 1 )o.
= JO[o (*2 cos(x) +Ddx
l"
lo *2 cosr dx + J0
= J0 (I) (II)
1,dx ...(A)
(r,B.P.)
= x2 sinr li - 2l' r sinx dx * ll dx

Jo 111 111r J0
(I.B.P.)
= (a2 sina + a) - 2l-x cosr1ff + J' cosr dx
= a2 sirta + a + 2acosG. - 2sina

Hence, I = 2acos(o) + a + (a2 - 2) sin(o)
Alternatively : Directly use King and add to reach the step-(A). Ans.
26. we have L = j11 + i2)u'

ii1\r}
tnZ= limlS m,r' +i2)- 4tnn
n+* n1I =L
;-:*n1inl,,l,.4il
tnL = 1i,, 1$ - Atnn
t l, n't)
2hn r*13 n I rn 4'l _ n,,,
lnz = rim $
lr-6 n 7t n7t n')
\
rnL = y^?!!-pn)
n+€ n
* !$ ,,[, - 4l - 4tnn
n7_,, \ ,')
lnL =f r + *')d.*= r In(1 + *\13 - Il

r.rf
fir.
So, ln,L = 2ln5_ 212_ tan-r 2) = Ztan-t 2- 4+ 2ln5 Ans.
27. When x <2.f',)=fJ_r

.e-t)dt =lr, -'1)-
, 2) t
=(r*-t''l-r-2-tl
2,] \ 2)
[
^ +
-)c' +'/,x t)
22 -
q
lim f(r) = aI
When r > 2,
f(x) = ['rtz-t)dt.I; (t _ 2)dt
r, -'1)' *(t rr 9 -t2

=(,
\ 2)_, \z - - l" = + --- -'2.x + 2
), 22
..-9
Irm
.o+
/'(x) =
^-
Hence, f(2) = l? =Limf(o =z Ans.

28. As, f(D = 1+ ln(r *.[*'11l + 5x3 - 4x4
Clearly, trrt.f,' * f + x), bx3 are odd functions, so
r =frtr - 4xa)e-rn d. = rfi$- 4xn)"-,n d*
= 2l
ro
! (x .e-*o dx )
dx
, r1
= 2l+1 = r(!- o) ?
\e ) = Ans.
\e*',/o e
" "i
Letg(r)+C=l 1,*4 + 4x3 +3x2
î'"*
' (4x" + Sxz + 2-x + l)t=d*
(s
l++l 4 B\
t (""2 ,3 *a)
l _ _,
= -t odJ
3+ ""*'.1
2 1\'
l4*"
\ r x' x")
Put (+*1*4*41
\ "r x' x")
=,
= -f+ *4*1)a*=a,
\x' x" x" )
So, stxt
-
+C = -[]
t tt
dt =]t +C
x3
+C
ni' *3x2 *zt +7
rr (3ra + 4xs +Bx2)dx
Hence' = Ans.
lo **, n*qu *rs 19
Bo. r = lr- 49 e' dx - ll f u,e-* dx

III
= -f(x)e-'16 +
[i f 't*le-r d.x - !; f ',-\e-'dx
f r(x) "l
-f(xte-.1; = - | Hm
[x..-
"i'
nt
- 1t*t1
I
But x-+* lir, /(') = 1i*
/(r) . tr = (1)(o) = o
€x X x-:,* e*
Hence, I=f(0)=2 Ans.
31. Let Ap = (2t, tz )
srope of FAk =
#= *"[; * e-]
tanop =#=tan(20) (SaY)
= O=? =!!*;,eretang=1
Also.tAr = rftt' - 1)2 + (2t)2 = t2 +l =1+ tan2 $ = sec",lhn\
|
-- |
\+n 1
*-li 4
Ans"
a)n 7T
32. Let , = Io *lsin2nxld.x ...(i)
1= l. G- x)lsin2nxldx (tlsing King Property) ...(ii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get

2I = ff nlsin2nxld,x
Now put Lnx = /, we get
2r = 12'" alsinrldr
Jo 2n'
206 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutionsi)
2I = (UsingJack)
I: nlsintld.t
2I=2n
I=rc
Hence, Ans.
l'*t =
^
BB. Given, Jf'" f^'tt)(h =!G3i2 -8)
Differentiating both sides with respect to r, we get
l trftxttf'txt=S2
+ xf't*l=$
= f''(x) =\x-uz
2
Now, integrate both sides with respect to r, we get
f(x) = Ji +C
Given/(1)=0+C=-1.
Hence, f(x) = Ji -t
/(9) = 3-1= 2 Ans.
Let. I=f
---_--t:a*
'n 1+sin.r+J1+sin2r
King and add
., r-
nr tn *' 12 + 2J1 + sin2 x) dx
' n(l + /1+ sin2x)2 - sin2r
So, | x'tt*',,tnair'rt
t. - tx
u
:dx
" 2i+Jt+sin2r)
=11*
9J n "2fly=n a
Ans.
35. I=f'Jtlz tanTx

_x+1
O* ...(i)
xz
Put x-- 1
t
tan -,1
I=1" tdt ...(ii)
Juz7z _711
Now, (i) + (ii) gives
dx
2I=!Y
't"(*-tl'nl6)'
\ z) \2)
r=t(l\tar-lf*='ll'
4\J3i \ Je ))r,
-t-(t- o) = li = A Ans.
zJs \B t 6Jg
=
1
fr O' + n" )l::"*, dt ro)

36. Z=lim tt
r+0 [o]
1
= lim(e" 1a21i-'o"
r+0
-hm . e'
__.+x'-7
r+0O-Josr).r2
=e '2
(2\
z ri- | 9' ,-1+r I
, ,o[ ,2 )
=e =e
o
Ans.
n
In rln \U
37. LetP= timlfI[r.1]
,.-[^_i\ r ) I
)
rnp = ri*
n+*rlLtn
1i rrr[r\ * I)r)
[' , urft * ])a, = Joi'
= Jo (., ln(r + 1) - x lnx )dx
\ ri
lnP= JO-
[]x.lnrx+1rdr fi JO
, lnxdx
Put (r+1)= I
l' tII .lntI dt

= JI - Jll' tI lnt dt
II
[r r'lnr dx
- JO I II
--iBlF - -;5: -l3-P -
- "4)l- etn2- 1) -l\o- j4)
/ .)t ( 1\
= I h4 I
\:-
(, 3\ 1 1 1 1
=lI--l*-=-+-=- 4 4 2
\ 4) 4
So, f=e 112 Ans.
dx
38. Rationalising the integral f, --- -:-, We get
1+r3 +Jl+rG
J], '**';fF
o^-3
zx
o. = JI t,L*E*!:,+0.
q^.3
_2_
J_r,--
1_
= Ilo* -1 Ans.
Odd even
Aliter: r=l:, ...(i)

1+r3 + Jt..!
dx
1=Il, (UsingKing) ...(ii)
1-rB + Jll_.'
adding (i) and (ii)
,=1, 2(1-fi+r6) dx
tr*Jr*u )2 -xG
;1
| ---- :: ztr*Jt*rut
= t-'\2*zJt+xGl
-
dx
So, 2I=!:rd.x=2=I=7 Ans.
39. Given, , = !::r((r + n)3 + cos2 (x +3n))d.x
Put, x+fi=t - dx =dt,so

, = Jf'7rur
-n/2
+ cos2 t\dt =
f_7,
J-t tg
odd function
* f.:, cos2
\----w-
t d,t
even function
- ,fr' cos2 t dt = r(;)=;

T
,n I
I ar, f^" coszt dt = ! f'' (1 + cos za at = !(t
i
sin2r)'-i n I
I i0 2ro 2\ 2 )ro 4l
L l
Hence, 1ol=19*1=s Ans.
ft1t2
l' t.i.rt.^' + rt)dt
.frxl = JOI
tt
(IBP)
f(x) =ar cos(x * nrllt * 1rrof].o.{, + ,tt)dt

lo
/ 1ro",
=l;'--' -) n2
-ol- + sintx + ntl-l
-ro
^12
llx)=-cosx-lsln.r
1l n-
r.
74
r+
11 24
"Jn'+4
Ans.
2
\i Ir 7r 1l
dx
4r. I=f^
Jo ...(i)
2+ sin2r
Using King, we get
dx
I=th
Jo ...(ii)
2 - sin2-x
(i) + (ii)
= 2I=l?( !,,.),-
Jo \4-sin'2x,
dx-
1=8[t/2
Jo 4-sinz?-r
(Using Queen twice)
Put =t
?-x
-dt
dx=-
2
r=9r dt .
ZJo 4-sir,zt
Using Queen, we get
o!. dt
I =8f'' , -rufo'
Jo 4-sinzt 8 - Zsin' t
-*.
--19 dt - dt
= 16J;"- 16J;"
8 - (1- cos2t) 7 + 2cos2t
Hence, h=tG Ans.

-1 :1
42. I =lu'," - 1)Jln(1 + k - l)x)dx +

l' e*- dx
Put l+(e -l)x =t
t-7_ at n !f, n" a* = ff f{oa* slfld.t,where / is the inverse g
li 'Mt +
l)o
of
I=ex1-1x0=e Ans.
ln(1 + tana 'tanr) dr
43. Iim Jo
s+0 o3
Nr : I =Jo frrff + tama. Lanx) dx
King and add

% =ln(l+tanz O![ a* = oln(1 +tan2 a)
l=9m(t+Lar,za)
2
o
lrr(1+ tan2 o)
2 1
lim Ans.
Hence,
a-0 a
3
t
x- <x"'- <rV xe(0,
, n/,
1)
1 11
1+t l+x=/2 1+x2
(1n(1+ x))10 < < (tan-1 r)16

= !: *^rr
1ogo2a7 a! Ans.
=
sin(t 2tdt = 1;- lo1'
;:A' '""'= ,Io,1a Jol] "
-"'
4d. lim f(r) tim =1
-o 31 2 ' 3
So, o =1" Ans.

r)
and use by parts. Ans.

uu.
ff'' (cos10 r ' sin(1k + x)) d.x expand
/ -\
cosrr.' irrelo.al
[.4/
1 .^ Tt
47. f(Y) = :! rI .r€-
iz4
- (n n\
sln.r. rtr€l-,-l
\4 2)
, = ff' cosxd.x n (' rin*d. =
i-[r- #) = * Ans.
+6tanx + 11 rx
4g. I- JrtG
f/:3tan2x
1+ tan2 x
I = f/j fa ti n2 * +6 sinr costr + llcosz x) d.x ...(i)
Applyrng King Property

, = f;(3cos2 r + 6 costr sinr + l1sin2 x) dx ...(ii)
(i) + (ii)
,,= (;t14+ 12sinr cosr)dr = rnl; -;)-i.(--?"):;,

2r =t4(tl-sl:1-1)
\6i \2 2r
7r ^ 7n+9 d:-
no
JO
, _7r+9
6
k=7,)"=9
=) (/a+)J=16 Ans.
49. f'k)+f'Q-r)=0
f(x) - f(2- x) = )'
Putr=1,weget7"=0.
it e I nt e g r at rt 271,
D e lin i,o
f(x) = l'Q* x)
Because f is quadratic function therefore f(r) is symmetrical about line r = 1.
=
f'G) = 4
y=fG)=Q*r)2+4
rij dx l-t rx-1-13
J,,*-rPn+=L-La,^' z ),
=l1turr-'1-tan'ol
28 =1 Ans.
-(
e-' sinx ,!x = -n^ Isinx + cosxll
Fh
50. b) = f"
1(a.')a2
= l1n-'1.inb + cosb) - e-"(sino + coso)l

2
liml(re, b) = 0
b>-
'--0,
(2
(sino + coso) = 0
= 2
tana' = *1
= 3n
Hence, ,=
n=un
+ 7, =1
4
Ans.
51. /(0) = -1
(i)
P+q=-l ...
f '(ln2) = 2pe2tn2 +2etn2 +
=8P+2q+r=37 ...(ii)
f'n tltrl -rxtd,x =f'o tp"* +qe'l dx

4
,(11 * o,' l'" 15^39

11)1p +3o=: ...lIII)
=l
l'-i,zJ"-,ln 2' 2
From Eq. (i) and (iii),

p=5,e=-6alsor=3
P+Q+r=2 Ans.
52. Rs, fis - (cosr) /i1
]
""", cosr (sec2 r + cotr'cosec r) |
f(x) =t.o.', "or2,

coseczr
I o
I
o cos2r-sectr-cot2x
sectr cosr secz x + cot2 x.cosec r

cos2 r cosec2r
"oa2,
0 0 -(cotz * x) - secx
"or2
f(x) =-(cot2 r "o"2r + secr) (cosec r - cos3 r)
= - cos.,r sec' , (cotz x + secr)
"o.2,
= -(cos5 r + sin2 *) = f_(cos5 r + sin2 r)c/r
=0 - 2!0" sin2 r ax = -+
loL
sin2 r dx = -n Ans.
o.l.
I ltsinxt
54.
^
I=["Jrl2 e^tan-ltsinx inl2 ,tan
--dx+f J0
ntan-l{sinx) +ntan-itcosrr *rtan-lrcosrt
"tan-l{sinx)
I=Ir+Iz
Using King and add
= --lrrd 1., = !I
L'4'4
I=r Ans.
55. Consider (Vn+t -Vn) - (V, -V,-) = 0 -dx
:+ 2Vn =Vnn, +Vn-,
+ V1,V2,Vy, ... are in A.P.
sin2^?sc
Now, v., =!;v, = t'2
' ' J0 o* = J0f'' +cos2x dx = n
2' sin2x
d=
. "-;=;
Sroo = * z+ 3 +... + lool
itt
_ (5050)n _(k)n
22
- k=5050 Ans.
86. S = 4l
-
LJo
f'' e"o"4* l'l* '
dx+' Jnls
"-"o*n-
a*f
*-
)'
.
Put 4x =t
+ s = 4[l Ytz ncost dt +!f e"o"l d/l
L+lo 4Jrt2. -]
=+ t = ,fi'' e'o"t clt = ,fr'' e"int cJt (using King property)
Also, zff'' ut . rfr'' ecostdt . zft' ,'dt

= n<S<2(e"t2-!) Ans.
sr. Given, !"_)]' f{ilo, =rn

firrad* + !"n" f(x)d.x = 19
tff tutax + li fk)dx = re
li rtrt ctx = te -7 x2= 1e - t4 = 5 Ans.
sin'l r dx
58.
ff'' (cos4 r +3cos2 x + 1)tan'(."", + cosx)
Put secr + cosx = /

(st'c.r tan.r - sinr) dx = dt
- sin? .r
sinr -"'^';,- d.t = dt
cos- .r
sin'l rdr = cos2 x dt
dt
-r- Jz
l-
1"or2 r + sec2 r + 3) tan-l /
f
= J'
dt :out tan-l f = z
(t' + 1) tan-r ,'^
t = lnzlit^l-r, = ln|- ln(tan-1 2) Ans.
59.
,. nri'"
riilr =
fixâx 0+1 Ans.
n'* -n" a+1
-lro l' xt\ax
r=7
60. 1r
ln(l+r) a*=lr!(*_*' *r'_ t*...\o*
Jo r Jor[ 2 3 4 )
r'
2*t-
l' Ir -L
= ,ol' *...*'la,
3 4 )
( *',*3 *u, ^^l'=r-1*1-1*...

+---1...o1
=lr- ' "" 22'Zz
t 22'82 +2 )o 42
1 *a* 1-*...-l- z(!*1* 1=
-...-l
=lr*
[^' z, B2 t2
"' ) -\Zz
42 62
_n' _2 )_ n' =n' =Jn'

62261236
lz=36 Ans.
61. art,t =r[o,,--Y;)
&n+l=3an-hn-,
az =3
a3=7
a+ =15
:
an =2n -l
100 100
fn=l o" = l<2" - l) = (2+ 22 +...+ 2100) - 100

n=7
= 2(2roo - 1) - 1oo = 2ro1 - lo2 Ans.

ln
l>
.'jfs;'ll$a-l
_.
62. hm-
1 \ r=1
"')l!,"')\?=,"n )
n+* fL
, . ,2
lni\
Iir
lL s
I
\,=1I? )
.[f,*'a*
111
.fi *n a* t*+"s-36-3
!' *'d* Ans.
1r, 1 60 5
66
e' (Using Leibnitz's rule)
f(x) = (?-x, - r)
^1
tt_t:_ -1) -2 Ans.
So,
'lz) J;
64.
85. \=f et{'-t)d,t
(
t (x -t) = -.ttz {)= u.'
-l(t- il' --T)=
-'*t = -[.'-z] 4-l'- z)
x \2
*' (. *\' ,2 t2t-x)2

/r=1,
"n-\'-') dt=eif
e- i dt;
2t _tc = y
,. -
dt
dy
---:-
= 9
2
r n-i
-n'2/4 J,, ou
*2 12 ,2
Ir=ea ll , odt=ea JO
.Iz
I.'-L=ea'2 Ans.
+
I2
1 = JOl' In(1 + tanatanx)dx ...(i)

r = lo tt"tt + tanatan(a - x))) dx (Apply King Property)
I (tano(tano - tanr) ) 'ld, a ')ar

= J, rn[r + ,, ,r1 r + tanz
= Jo ...(ii)
1+ tann tanr / [1+tanotanx)
2I = JOl' ln(sec2 a)d.x = o'lnsecz o
f = ah(seca)
d ,rIr.".o) ln(seco) * oIt"to']r.ro
da'- ------
-- = \ seca i
= atarta + lnseco Ans.
67.
(['"'. ,')) , ^ "l/n

68. P = Iim = rmIn ['-'4i1
n)@ n a--\.='r \ n- l)
lnp =
lT;[ *['.7)= f mtr +x.)d'x
= r.tn(1+r'tll-t]
_ ru -1 ",
1+f,"
Bxz x x d.x = tn2- s[ a,
{"/
Ans.
J0 --l-
=t..2-Bt' d.x =ln2-s+3[
,0 -] a*
1+x, 1+r'^
69. ForO < r <,
,
= *r*"L
o
x'
2--
e-'<e'' <e 2
t2 *2
e-r cos2*ar-" cor2*<e 2 "os2xa"-T
,2 ,2
Hence, !: ,-' cos2x d.x . | ,-" cos2, O- . fi e- 2' cos} x d.x '!t,- ' dr Ans.
70. t = !f, <f r*l . *2 - * (f(x))2) d.x
1=
I; - xGxf(x) +(f(x))z)dx
*')
-f ,lt"r -, ;r@+t --ldx
,
r= 4)
, = fi - *(rot -Z)')o-,which is maximum whenf(x) = L

[+
i.e., I=tJ04{:d*=1- Ans.
16
71. L= lim 1
$ [rtl' *krlr.
1
t)l
''*n?=r\\nl "))
2
= ,, +ln2(1+ r)) o* =l+ zrr2 ?
fi
(* u
,r ,
U
- n,')
l)
In '
Ans.
I. s,o dt - %c .f t - gut dt + [. tz - sut dt)

^ l( fr - fx .tr . \
f(xt = "
;l-'
. f 'k) = *.ff e(t)dt - l, t s(t)dt ...(i)
Again differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get
f "@) = stDat f; ...(ii)
f"{11=2
Also, f"'(x)=gG)
= f"'(l)=g(1)=5 Ans.
Here,f '(x) = sin2r +1
3n
4
g:f I
so, *'fqrl=
"\4) -l,,("\ . =
t
2
'lq)
\2/
74.
[:, f@) d.x* Jo nrt d. * !: f -'(*) o* = fo f@) dx
(xa sxz
=l-+-+4:xl
)'
14 )o
13 ' 23
=-+-+4--
42 4
Ans.
75. ,f(t) l''tun-rltl*tt'' -*,0,

= rzt ...(i)
1+r | I
Applying King property
fo = fr' rr, 'l##;lr, ...(ii)
(i) + (ii)
-r2 *
Zf(t) l' I.d* = I.(i2
, = J2r2 z
-2t)
fftt = ! (t -u2 -l
fG) l*- = -I Ans.
76. I=;-r-s-inrr,
JU xo
x--+BtI= J- ?ffeat
+4sin3t
1= J0
1'-3/-Ssint O,
gtr
/ = 1 r'- ".i"1 dt + !gJ0
i- sin-3 r
,,
BJO f3 t3
t =!t *!t
39
2- 4A
-l39=
-
::t I =?A
3
=: a+b=S Ans.
-ll4
??. I:(7 - x7 i a* -fi,, - xa t1t7 dx
y = f(x) = 1l_ x7 )t/a
:+ y4 =(l-x,7)
278 GRB Probtems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= x=(l_yn)rj,
Hence functions are inverse of each other.
r = fi fota* - fi s{ttay /r,l d. - l: xf '(x)d.x
= Jo
Hence, t = l)tfol + xf '(x))d,x = xf(l)l|= /(1) = 0 Ans.
Given F(y) = fft>a, with f(2) = 2

li
nina f(t)dt
I
F(y) = [,'' fAla,
F'(y) = f(x1t)x
F'( "y)
=) = 71x1,)
x
f(2)=2 = F'Q) = !
v
F(y) = 4log y
r'1\
Hence, f'l1l= - losx
\x)
:+ l* ftildt = 4lnx
J7'
Ans.
Aliter : Given f-t ftn dt is independent of r.

Hence, its derivative w.r.t. r is zero.
Yf(xY)-f(x)=O
f@v) = [9)
v
Put x!=2
y=?
x
Hence, fk)=! xc
Ji trclt dt = Ii!d, = 4r.,* Ans.
79. L,J0 tt
= l* ntr' o,
t(x _t) = _tt2 _,,r = _[(, _;)' _+1=*_(,_;)'

,, [, *12 *2 \2t_xt2
1,=lon+-l'-zl dt=e+[*e- + dt
2t-x=y
,, dy
At=-
2
- lI 2
ox"la I
_l
4 dy
ql
2l
t-
2
xl x
\="ifr;- dt 2
=e a .Iz
r''
'J -ea Ans.
I2
80. l,et ,, = !,so du = 4 a*.

**'
so I: rya* =1,"r?l+)o*=fr,#0,
Therefore. f
^ ""' "^"- -t Jl
fk) o*= ['7 /(1] d'*+["- ftu\ ou=3+3=6 Ans.
x Jt JJc
x u
rr. j;-' r.tn[(r - k)G+t- x)1dx

(2h + L)
- [u*' l.r(, - h) (k + | - x\ dx
2rh
=q*filn/(1- t)d.t = -ek+Lt
Limit = ien+t)h2
l,*#
n(n+l)(2n+1 -1 Ans.
^4
on I
82. I= f . (1+ cos.r + cos2r +...+ cos(2013r))

t-
(1 + sinr + sin 2r + ... + sin(2013x)) dx

Using King and add
f" 2(1+ cosr + cos2r +...+ cos(2013r))dr
2I = J_r
I = Jrl" f (cosx + cos2r+...+ cos(201&t-))dr

ld,x + J-a
= 21" ldx + 2 [^ (cosr + cosZx, + ... + cos(2013x)) dx = 2r

JO JO
I = 2n Ans.
83. cot' l(
1 -r + *21 = tur-'
l-x+x'
-L "
-1 x -k - 1).- = tur-'r -tan-l(r
=tan'1*rar-1;z -1)
rrx
Also. I tun - 1)r* = -.|. tan-l x dx
Therefore, f cot r(1-x + xztdx = f rturr-'tr - tan r(x - l)tdx
r1
= 2Jo tan-'x d'r
f' .nt'l(1-r *x'2)dx

lo-
Hence, --- --- = 2 Ans.
!'tun-' * d*
84. rln drrdr +J' (1-r)s(r) dt = x4 + *2

x g(x) + d,t + (l - x) g(x) = 4x3 + 2x
lo s{t)
Again differentiate w.r.t. r
g'@)+g(x)=t?^xz +2
Now, fi t#.,o a* =foJ\
= tan-1 ,ll"4= I Ans.
85. Let A(<r, 0), B(8, 0) and (0, b) centrotd = [A=, :-l
L3 3.1
=) a+p= b
= -a=b
Now, f@) = x2 'bx + b
Since, y = f(x) has distinct roots.
be (-*,0) u(4, -)
=
Now, r= lot tr2 -bx +b)d.x =72-l2b
But value of b cannot lie in [0, 4].
So, value of l cannot lie in 124,721. Ans'
Paragraph for Question Nos. I to 3

f(x) = .f(Ddt
". !]o
!_J
"'
A sav
f(x) = Ae' ...(i)

f(t) = Aet
where, A = I; et ' ft)dt
A = j; et .Ae'dt;
A = e!' dt
"''
AllJo't ,"'
^'ar\-rl=o
f r
Now, ) )
= A=oas !'"''dt+t
Hence, 0=/(1) = 0
f(x) = Ans.
Again B(r) = e' et S@ ctt + x
fi
g(r)=Be'+x ...(ii )
g(t) = Bet +t
=
where B = j; ets(t)d't;
B = e, (Be, + t) d.t;
fi
, = rl; e2'dt + fi e' .t at
But
fi ,'' at ='rr"'- 1) and
!' rc' dt =1
B-,rn'-
B= 1) + 1
2
28=B(e2-l)+2
38=Bez+2
,'
B-
3-e2
.'.From (ii)
(2 \..
g(x)= |\3- e"_ )le^ +x;
9(0) = Ans.
it-e
3L 6 .. g(0) - n'
s(2t =
B-ez
=3- e2'
+2
g(2) -2-.'-
3-e2 6 =!3 Ans.

Sum of all four roots = 6
Sum of two roots = 0
=+ Sum of other two roots = 6
The factors corresponding to their roots are ofthe type
xz -ox +p and *2 _ 6* + q,
i.e., x2 + p and,x2 -6x + q
Thuswe have4xa.-24x3 +31x2 +6r - 8= 4(x2 + p)(x2 -6x +q)
Equating like powers of r, we get
g1={(p+q) - p+q=37
4
6=a?6p) = p=-1
a=8
Equation f (x) = 0 can be written as
/ -r\
lx'-'l(r'-6r+8)=o
\ 4)
r.=X-1
2
x=24
So, o=-1,8=1,^{=2,8=4
2" 2'
Hence, ap+a+6y+y6=2+2+16+16=36 Ans.
6"
.,u.lt,d -7*1 -q
r 4
i[{rl,t*
Jl*-y,l = J\x-2) ifL-al
l(r-4) "',1*= r\x-21 a,
Letr-2=t,weget
+24t2 -32t +\6
Jl9-?t at - Jgt4 -8t3 o,
ta ta
8
llr-
= r[ +24 -32 *19)a,
t t2 rr t4)
=r-8lnlrl -2!**-19."
t t' 3f"
16 16
=r-Slnl*-21-f+*
' x -2 w "- 3tr 2)3"*C Ans.
-2)2 -
Definite Integralion 223
,6+1 - 1xv*r +Wlxl+ !a* (Putting tr, p, y and

r: x2+4glrl+1
6)
_ ,.r "'5 - 5x3 + lrlj_la" ('.' ,5 - 51

3
are odd functions)
J-] x2 + 2lxl+ 1
rl lxl+ I ^pl dx
=l,-t rr-clr=21 J.r lxl+
I lrl* 1,, 1t
Jo !
= 2l: = 2tnl(1+x)lf = 2ln2 Ans.
1+x
Paragraph for Question Nos. 7 to9
(e**' - e' ) In2(1 + i)
We have f(x) =],]i;"1; 2t3 +3
dt
(e' - l)lnz (l + t)
n' o,
l" (2tr +3)
/(r) = lim 4
ct
(e" - L) ln2 (L + o)
= lim e'
u+0 (2c^3 + 3) 4cr3
(e" - 1) ln2(1+ ct) ! e'

Ans.
= e" llm
cr-+o 6x o2 4(2u3 +3) L2
ln2 2
Clearlv. ftln2) =u"'" = Ans.
L2126=7
We have dt = 3x * Jo .o.' t g\t ) dt
l. s,, I
Now, on differentiating both the sides with respect to x, we get

8(r)=3-coszxg(x)
sr(x) =1+cos"r
-a:-
Clearly, 9. 3
--<B
2 1+ cos'x
Hence, 1e' ,l
range of g(r) = [:, Ans.
I
rrl2 - n/2 3
Letl=Jo Ek)dx = )u
1+cos\dtr
ft2 Bsec2 x d.* = Jo
= Jo f,, q!gg? dx
sec2r+1 Lanzx+2
Put tanx = t
= sec2, dx = dt
so, I = l:
to :!
ti *2- +[tu'-'l-
=
,,t \""" ,li)n
I
^\ 3ln 3n
An*
l:rl;-o )=
=
#,
We have g(x1 = f + lo Str)a, ...(i)
Now, on differentiating both the sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get
8'(r) = g1'; "'(ii)
But 8(r) = 0 (Not possible as g(0) = 1)
so, lgg
J g(r)
6* = Jltdx
= ln(g(r))=x+A
A=0 (Asg(Q)=1;
Hence, gk) = e'
Hence, g(1n1"0) + g'(1n10) + g"(1n10) = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 Ans.
We have g(r) + g(Zx) +...*
e'
=e* +ek +e3'...&=
1- e*
Ifr<0thene'' <1
,/ s \ , -x-r-.
l"Jl: ,oil)dx = t-:-'-
c'rrr.l = r"[r .:. :,) 4,".
Asg(-x) = g(r)givese' = e'
=u eb =1
.'. r=0
Hence, number of solution of given equation is one. Ans.
Let degree of P(x) = n.
= Degree of P'(r) = n - I
So,L.H.S. has a degree,
) _, = Z
and R.H.S. has a degree 2,1
Let P})=axz +bx+c
Now, ax2 +bx+c-l2ax+b)=*2 +2a+1
+ ct=1;b=4andc=5
Hence, P(x)=x2 +4x+5

T1
I Ilgl'1""''sini4r-4t), x *|
Given, F(r)=l\ 10 /
1_
|
lu2 x=l
I eh--9k+40,
As limF(r) = eL (l* form),
r -+1
t (x2+4x.!-1.'}
L=lim--
- i-
where " ;Ti sin(3sin(4r - 4)) [ 10 )
| (x+$(r-l) 6 1
= Ilfll--
i'iitz(x -t) 10 = --120= -20
Hence, continuity at x=1
limp(r) = F(1)
= r ->1
1 1.
So, nid = okz-sh*ao
Hence, h2 -gh+ 4o = 2o
h2 -gk+ 2o = o
;:1 .. y'r, $ Ans.
1 d* = f'
i' p(r)*-'
Jo Jo -L-4*
(, * Z)2 +l
= tan-l(r + 2)116
-' I
= tan-1 s - tan-l 2 = tan-L =
i "n
Now, use tan-l 1+ tan-l 2+ tan-l i '- rg to got other options' Ans.
Graph of P(r) = *2 + 4x + 5 - (r + 2)' +L

226 GBB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Paragraph for gfuestion Nos. t6 to 18

i-q
|
l:fi-
; ' --(r(o
1.,
fk)=]jcosrr , 0<r<1
tfi
l,)
I -
IT
, 1<r<€
' -? crts iI\

Y:-.- "
f
-o o-l
As, range of ftx\ = ; , :"
ILr'fl |
"o
there is only one integer in the range of fk\, i.e.,0.
Clearly, f(r) is continuous V I e ,8.
Alstr, f '$-) = f '(O*) = 0and f '(t- l = f 'fi+) =O
= ftx) is differentiable V x e R
Note that f(x)is non-monotonic on -8.
Also,
f?,^' f,*,a* =Ei
:,dx(4n2,[3 ]
= t Ans.
-2 cos rct
As, lr(r) = f(x) = 2
1t
re[0, 1l
,i; i=
o and Hr) = h 1tx)
h'tot= I L r Ans.
-] , t-n"in *r I
h'i\) fln- 2 2
'21 -=1 ),-, n
Given, Iim.,- -"-'-"'* - 2x'i I I

I = s_,u \0/
[^trat
/\
Ll
r''sinx gri.,,I tin*l
= ri*l I= =g
r*ol i r-0\ x )
(.s )
Given, g(r) = 7 +'2-xln25* 5r-1 - 62-:
=7 +4xtnS-I1- 4
55*
EJ
g'(x) =0 + 4ln5 - itttS + 25' 5-''lnl
5
=Fj126-5"+ 125'5-'l
5
.'.For maximum or minirnum of g(r), we must have g'(r) =0
(5' -25) (5' + 5) = 0
\--__\_J
(AIwaYs
positive)
5'=25 = x=2
Also, g"(x = 2) <0
g(r) is maximum atx = 2 = cr (Given)
=
So,
,}t*.i)'= if'o\2
11*1.]'
n
3)
- ,-r2
it!) =r+-b+[91
6 (6l
?r,\6)
= 1 =.!=6
r- I 1
66
Paragraph for (fuestion Nos. 19 and 2O
f(-x)=f(x)VxeR
and f(2'x\=fQ+r)VreR
Graph of the function '/'is symmetric about the y-axis and r = 2line.
GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solution,s)
Clearly, f(x) is periodic with period 4.

Number of points of discontinuity of f(r) is [0, 100] is 50.
1100 A
J, fk)dx = 25); fktdx
= 25(L_ 4) = _75 Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 2L and,22
Let degree of f(x)be n.
,3 =n
Hence, n=I
/(r) must be linear.
Let f(x) = ?ac +b
= fffkD=ZtZx+b)+b=4x+3b
f(f{f(x))) +(1 - P) f(x) =3 v r e E
2Qx +3b) + 6 + (l- p)Qx + b) = 3
{lD-2P)x+(8b-bP)=3
lO-2P=Q
=) p=S,8b-bp=g
+ h=l
fhc) = ?*r +l
n
*(flfkt)t
dx
= f '(f(xl) f '(u\
lty,1t*r,rl*=n
chc,
= I Ans.
f(x)=urc+4
fff(x)) = &(ax + 4) + 4 = o2* + 4a + 4
f"{fff(ilD = a(azx + 4a + 4) + 4
=o3*+4a2+4a+4
Now, aix+4a2 +4a+4+(1- p\(ax+4) =3V xeR
a3 +(1 - p)a=O
= a2=p_ l (a*0)
4a2 +4a+4+4(t-p)=3
A=- -1
4
f(x)=!*++=Y
4
+ }=n-r
x =16_ 4y = f-t(y)
=
f, tro - 4x)d.x = 16 x zfi ax =n Ans.

Letdegree off(x)ben.
Degree of f(f(xD = r 2 and degree (f(x))z = 2n
of
n2 =2n
=
n,=2
Hence, flr) is a quadratic polynomial.
f(x) = x2 + ax +b
Now, fff@)) = f2(x) - 4 v x e .R (Given)
f(x)ff@)+a)+b=-4V x
a(x2+ax+b)+b+4=0Vr
a=0 and b= -4
' f(x)=x2 -4
ln (*' - q2
J0- - 4)d(x2)
x2 =t
ln ttt -
J03 4\2 - 4')dt =l-9
1,, fkt
d.x
Jz lrr,16-L2)
Also, l= t-,[z
lim
t - J2
r= rim
2t'f(tz) rim'==-zJ,
=2J2 t4z
t-,12y115-141 4-s+
12 =8 Ans.
Aliter: Given /= t-{2

lim
!!,' ;{ln-'.to.
sin(r - rE)
Using Leibnitz rule
lim f(t)z '2t 1
-I = iffz -
ln(5 - ta ) cos1 - J2)
Iim
2t'f G2) ...(i)
I = r-r.r?
1ni5 - 1a;
Now as t - JZ;Denominator -+0 and Numerator -+ ft2)
For limit to exist
f(2) = 0
230 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Also, f(f@)) = fz(il - 4Y x

Put x =2
f(O\ = - 4.
Also degree of f(x) is 2.
Let f(x) = *2 + ax + b(monic polynomial)
Using = -4 and f(2) =0 we get
^0) f(e)=*2-4
Put x2 =t
,u - +t2 - +)at =ff
f
t'' f(x)
J2 dx
Also, l= lim ln(s-rz)
+n'2
t t --.1,
/= rim ztJL'!=2.^f2rimtn -! =-2,[i
t+J2ln(\-t4 ) ta2l,-fa
12 =8 Ans.
Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. 26 to 27
(2.4)
[!* *s. -2< x <o
8(r)=1'o**
o<x<2
l2
f(x) = frWO -tldt, -2< x < 2
(-2,0)
-2<x<0
O<x<2
ltrf,'+6ldt' -2<x<O
rtx1=
rtt, 0<x32
lit', ,, +61
ll. 'u +tldt.
_ll*'*ilr+s.
4
lo
-z<x<o
I e'
a<x<2
l;.3r+5'
2?,1
4vltllis !9vg,v!:o,,,.
1'tO*)=/'(0-)=3 Ans.
For 0<r<2,5<f(x)slD
31
t(x) -
,4 -
= r=1
gl_ r31)
l= I
''\ 4)
./31\ 1 2
-[+i
t'l--I=-.--=-
l''ttt s
ftx't=?-x2 +5
t)
= -*.*3r+5=2x:'+5
4
= * =0,! Ans.
3
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 28 to 3O

Clearly. g(x).. kzf&fi)
Let f(xl be periodic'w'ith period = 7
Given g(r) has period = -!. 'f
hr
Accordin:..: to given condition B(r) = krf(lz-tx)
(i) itx) = r,
lrir(,+ 2{.r}
2r
Since g(:r) = h.rfrhrx)

Now, h? -4h+ki -6&2 +13=o
= (4-2)z +(k2-3)2 =0
* kr= 2 and kz=3.
g(r) = SfQnd - *ruP tl+ 2l?.xl2l
Now, Bfo",t*t' 0 + 2l2.xl2 ) d.x

.'tr2
=BxloooJo
"e*t2
0+2lkl))dx
(l
= 3 x looo
fi'' u'*'' + 2 t2d2) d:r
= Booo JOlt'' ,rn" + r '8r ' on" d* t
frr, f''r:
= 3000(x .
,,2
1uz = 3000 I e= 1500,' Ans.
"+x2
(ii) f'l =sgn(cot-t rl + si#
) = I + sipt'
t2-7t+10<o
(t-2)(t-0<0
te(2,5)
;.kr=3and&r=4
9(r) = 4f(3rc) = 4(1+ sinr)
1100r
Now,
Jo 4(1+ sinr) = 400 n Ans.
(iii) f{x) =2+sgn(r)(l-sgn2(s)) = 2V x e R
h.(x) = x2 - 4x +9
It'(x)=?*Y-4
= h'(k)=?'fu-4=O
. kt=Z
l{2)=4-8+9=5=kz
g(x)=\f(Lr)=L0
Now,
f5 roar = roo Ans.
Paragraph for Sluestion Nos. 31 and 32
= sinr$-lg1t_lE:gtt
+ .
f,'-rsin(n 7) x sin( nr )
= sinr i cot(zr) - cot(n + 1)r

n=l
sin(nr)
sinr (cot* - cot(z + l)*) -
sin(n + 1)r
*,''('].
gn(x) = fi(x). fziu,). fsk).-.. f,(r) =,sm(z + l)r
sin(zr) of n is evenl
l! sinr *
I, = ro =iO
ln of n is even_l
sin(? + 2) x
In+, = ro
S" o*
sinr
t r _= ln sin(z + 2)r _ sinzr ,
ln+2 - ln l^
rv sln.f
-d'x
= 2[l cos(' + L) x d'x = o
-.
In*2 = Io
Ir=n and /o=0
=+ Io = Iz - f+ -.."=0
and It = I* - 15 =...= n
100
I 1, = (1, + I, + .I, +... + f16s)

k=l
= (12 + fa +...+lroo) + (! + I,\ + ...+ fee) = 50n Ans.
linl[* 9dt Hmg ,,

sin2tto)r d, rq)
*'+oJo r/n(l)gq(t)= r+0a J0 sin(9f)sin/ \0/
= Ii*
fti" 10' = 1oo Ans.
r--r0 sin9r sinr
("' stadi = s(fu)) -r
=t g(f(x)). f '(x\ = g'(.f(x))' f 'k)
€:(f(.D'I:k) f,k\
= c(f@))
=
= lng(/(r)) = f(x)+c
g(x) = e'
llf f&) = 0.+g(0) = 1 .'. c = 0l
(i) r-!i"
[-.,o]*
=!i""t *.oh)*
=[ -"
+r)z
.l' *--"
4
*, Ans.
[tt ]o
1
I ['* ,
(ii) ,ujle-'J;l; g(t\ dt = x_)@
lim ru'
e,
:"'dt
x+11 l
*
- r+1i^€ -eu* = 5* e'(e' - 1)
n* l--{ = 1 Ans.
=
e' r-).' e* J-+6 1

I, = [rn'' fr,"p*f d.x = k.ln(sinr))[/' - [;'' in(sinr)dr
I.B.P.
/s =o -(-:rnzl=
\.2 )zlmz
Now, I, = !n"'', r,2 .(cosec2r) d,x = (x2 .(- cotxn(' * !0"'' 2x . cotx d.x
(I) (II)
I.B.P.
,'t ,
GRB Proble nrs in Clalculus (Hints & Solutions\
/,,=0+Zl!mZi=ntn2
" t2 )
, gt/2x3 'cosr d.t 7 t tol,'
Also, 'lt, =-J,, 1"irrl,.I- _- 4jo1. ,' l'\ sin'r /la,
I
T
II
I.B.P.
f. .l
= llf,, .r- -1
4i\ \ z"ir,',
l)"" *Z!,:'' *2co"ec2" d- I
i Ju
I
i,I I -, )
I
1li
l:
8
t^
= i* 9tnl.'2r
-o l2
4il
ii
-, i
li i
_;, I
I3
64
r.hz
8
Now, verify alternati ves. Ans.
1. We have ftx6,1 = x2 + axz + bxs

where .fft)dt
" = J-', t ancl b = Il, futO,
Now o=
I'rtt(a +l)tz + bt'|)dt
o = 2bl'otn o, =+ ...(i)
Again, b=
[:, fo dt = J', {{o + t)t2 + btt) dt = 2fi" + t)tz d,t
.
b=-___
2@+l\
.,.(ii)
3
From (i) and (ii)
tu 2h +l)
2 3
r5
i -- 2\lo.
o
\2 sl o
11 2
--6 ct =
o
o--- 4 and lr= 19
11 11
rl
Hence, .f(Ddt = -t ..,d _10
) tt !', ftna, 11
fkt = (o+1rr2+bxs
';::,;:,::T:,] = r(1)+r(-t) = 2(o +1) = *11

arrd f$ - fel) = 2b =20 Ans.
11
z. (Al In + I,*, =
ftn rrn' x sec2 x dx
rl |
=Jo'ndi= n+l ...(i)
+ (A) is correct
(B) J,, -Jn-t =G1)"12, -(-\)"-1 .12,,-2
= (-1)' lIn,, + Ir,,-rl

' = (-l)" ^--+ -
2n-2+l
lPutting n -+ 2n - 2in (i)l
(-1)"
- (B) is correct
2n -l =
(C) Ifu = tanr
r d.u = sec2 x dx
du,
=, d*=
l+uz
I, [:
= Jo '" , du (C) is also correct
l+uz =
(D) ,111J, = ,lim
(-1)"/r, =
JTI(-t)"ff'n
(tanx)2" dx
a
= lim ( -1)" J0["t (tarr2t)" d,x = O
n+E
Because0 < tan2r < 1

For o.*.!,
So lim(tan2 x)" -+0 Ans.
B. wehave s, =1i t-.rl=1$ 'r*r

;Ala*')=;?-,t'- )
- s,'- = llrtt] )*f(? ]*.*/ttlll)

nl \n \.n )
'.n
We have fk) = x2 + \ which is increasing in [0, 1l
Clear:ly, r fi {x2 t-l)dx
",
!oo GRB proAle ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutionsi
f(x): *:1
r* ...(i)
"r
Similarly, r, = llnL1o). ffl).
\n)
..rf4)l
\ z ))
r" .l:@2 +r)dx
,r at ...(ii)
Clearly from graph, we conclude that
Y: x'+ 1
L 2\ n-ll
nnn
t-
4 . i.S, Ans.
f Isin-,e' + "o"-l n' )( e* )

4. wehavel= J--
+t)'
[ tan-l eo +tan-r
". )l"b
=rf - 1 ( =u' )0,
2 J-* (tan-l e' + tan-r=e* )ll"% + l) )*
Put tar,-l et = t
Definite Integration
e'
6ly = 6l[
e^ +1
^...___
, fiptan-lco dt n
' =
,lu u *ft;- = :)ttn<t + tan-l
""
)1ff" '
= I [k (2 tur, -1 eo ) - ln(tan ,..1 eo \l !h2

2 = a
2
5. (A)Consi.der I=f *d*- ; putr2 =t;2xdx dt
o L+xa =
----: ,=;f
dt 1, _, l-I
7+t' = -tan-'/
n
)o -4
2 =
(B) Let ,=fr' xdx
il("*, + -"rr)
("
,=fr' \4 -*\)
_----1
r1t,l(cosr+sinr)l dx
, ,_ur*,[ ,
.r
(Use King) ...
|\Jr),"t,-_
- jr"or* )
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2I=If,n dx
4to cosr (cos.r +
sinr)
SeCZ r tCr n
-= f/4 1t/4
TE
-: ln(l+
iJn a;;ffi= tanx)-Jn
Hence, I = Ilnz
8
_1
I+
(c) I=[,, .1+v5
-_ -!+t
q
r,[r*
\
*-!la*
x,-1+ r/
x2
r+!'s 1 + I
-Jr.;
-f x! m[rn*_7\a,
v
r-lf
lx- I +1- x)
\ r,/
Put r-!-=t
lc
=+ (r*
\ l)ttx = at
x')
If x = lrt= o;r = $1, I = 1(verify)
2
,_ ln(l +t)dt
'-loi4 1.r .
'
Put / = tanO
I = fo' h(1+ tano)do = Iln2
(D) Let /= Jo[1
sin-lr"
)c
Putsin-l r=/ + r = sinf =+ dx = cost dt

, = fo''
!r;n!!d, = 0.ln(sin/ D',J' -f"k t.iradt
(I.B.P.)
=0 lim f ln(sint) - [- If"r]

- ,-o'
. \2 )
Io".|]" h(sinr)dr =-1lrzl

,l
\ 4/
.. ln(sinf)[-\ r.
r.u' 1 \-J 2
t
cotf ,r -
=-ltm-+-lnZ
i+0" -1 2
t';
f-l- *r ln) r2 ,,,z= 2r1z
= lim
r"o'\tanf
Ans.
6. Obviously f(x) is not differentiable atx =l

Now eQ)=l-tf(x)dx
As t ell,2l,x € [0, 2]
Splitting the integral of /(r) ahout r = 1
We have,
s(r)=Jt1 fk)d.x"[i fov* =1,]_,,, +t)clx*!'tz*z -6x+G)dx

g'1tl'
=
2 1,,n4i--s,,
, +orl
l,
=(r-t l.|, ?t!

[ 2.] l. 3 -s,2 -2*s-ol
+Gt
3 )
eft) =2tJ -7" *6t -,

"323
= g'(t) = 2t2 -7t +6 = (2t - 3)(, - 2) = o
Defi-ntte Integratio-n
239
t-3/2ort=2
Now, "24
e(1r = ;l/2 = 9-6 '
r3i
rri --- r -
41
nt,2 ) 24'
540
RIZ)=-'=--
324
* g{t) is maximum att = 3 / 2 and minimum at t = 1. Ans.
7. We have f(r) = f e'-i't d, = et'tdt,so
l;
{E "' o, if re[0. 1)
' f(x) = if x e Ll,2\
lli,'o,+f,"',dt
o, -'dt if x e lZ3)
ll'rr'
+
l,'
n' +
f " '-2d,t
I n'-, ir re[0, 1)
:+ f(x\ = Iru-U+(e'r-1) if ,cel\2)
lzte-il+re'2-1) if x €[2,3)
clearly flr) is continuous v r > 0 but not differentiable v r e N = (B)
Also, f(2) = 2(e - l) = O = 2G - 1) =+ (D) Ans.
For J1 : UsingL'Hospital rule and Leibnitz's rule, we get
Given limit = 11-f

jlrLDEltzr, )
x''oI Br 2 (*3 + B)(1 - cos Ji) ,/
b\ *r*
= llm --.
[";-'l*"; ^2*
-'n (1
' r-. (r ir + 3) - 19sii r
t .ri r':
(vr )-
(1)( 1)( 2) 4
I
rs,,[ I
3
tr,
So, t'3=! Ans.
240 GRB proalems in, Calculus (Htids & Solutions)
9.
(*",0) (0'O
Graph of (.) = -th)

Now, verify alternatives.
l')'* .1"r,r(sinz r)dt 161

-*--'';;o r \0/
Apply L'Hospital's rule antl L,eibnitz's rule,,we Set
=
1*roe,,
,*, (.; + *)= r = t, Ans.
Now verify alternatives.

i.
10. I = J:-r Gtnt\, dt
=s t=e-'--lmt=u
=+ dt = -e'-u du
, = --fl un e-
u
clu;
I = {* u" r'-" 4u
JO
Hence, 1,, =
I; 1" f, du =(-u"e- ")t +
f n'u'-re-"d.u
iilPl
I, = 0 + nI,,_1
In = n,(n-1)Ir-z
1,, = n(n- L)(n. * D...2" L' I o
=+ Iu =(.n)lIo = n! Ans.
As, Iu = JJ e-"d.w = -(e-")t = -(0 * 1) = 1 Ans.
11. r+r=f'(1*{]=l!}@.t,
ro x Jt-
= l' -3:a*
'o J1-r
Putr = sin2 0
Definite Integration 241.
n".ir,0d0=
ir/z 2'2sin0cos0
I+J = J0 d.0= 4fJ0 4
cos 0
r-r=l4-La,
ro J1- r
Put r=sin2O
2sino 2sinocoso
I - J = Jo
[nrz
cos 0 "
= 4!{''"in' odo = n Ans.
,r. f, tf(x -t)d.t = e% -1

Using King Property
I t, - t)f(t)dt =rb -L
JO
* li fo>at - fo rf<aot = eb -1
Differentiate both sides
xf(x) +
li foat - xf(x) = zck
:+ f(x) = 4ek
=+ /(0)=4 Ans.
f3. (A) I = [" (cos2r .cos22x.cos23r
J-n
.cos24 x .cos25 x)d,x
f{/")
I f@)d.x
= 2l: [/(r)is e,enl
I = 2.2f,'' f{ila* (Using Queen)
, = n!;'' fG)dx = 4r,

Now, ,, = ff'' f(x) d.x
Using King
It ='It
1r =o
+ I =O Ans.
14. Given f'(*) = lo r.f'fla,
Differentiating, 3f2(*)f '(x) = *f2(*)
f(x) * o
f'k)=!;
qlq GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
*,
f(il
,6 = *C but /(0) =0
+
"=0,x
= I(xl=V
Note that fi + d. =l' 1,,',b = 1r,
f(6) = 6 Ans.
rb.Letr=1.'[i -.')^ o*=[10'[i -.)')^

t;
o. (usingKingproperty)
t = [:' @ - x2)a a* = ff' *n(r- x)a dx ...(i)

+ J=K,SoJ-K=O
Put x =l- y
AIso, , = _ll, 0_ ga yad.y
=+ , = lr,r*n(L- x)a dx ...(ii)
(i) + (ii)
+ %r =
I: *a(L- x)a dx
+ J = 1|.: xn6-- x)a dx (Using Queen property)

2to
Put
'=P'uee'"oseode
(8x6x 4x2)(8xGx4x2) (8x6x4x2)
(18x 16 x 14 x 12x 10 x8x6 x4x2) (18x 16 x14x]-2xl0)
t260
16. /t0l = llsine - 3cos0 + 2cos0l + cos0l
= llsin0-cos0l+cos0l
= lsin0 - cos0 + cos0l = lsin0l = sin0
[,^ sin0d0 = -(cos 0)Irz = -(-1- 0) =
tAl Jxl 2
1
(B) /(0) = sin0

f '(0) = cos0
/F r ,6
//lonl_-vo
' Io J- z
(c) , = t,rsin2 0d0 ...(i)
Applying King
, = ff,rcos2 odo ...(ii)
2I=fJnt2l.d.o=I2
+ I=;
(D) /'(o) = coso
,,( 2n\
- -t Ans.
'lT)-,
lz. we have, J' f@at * * f<tlat - f; t. f@at = (-1+ e-")
f,
f(x)+ff folar=-e-' ...(i)
Put r = 0, we get flO) = -1.
Again, differentiate both sides of equation (i) with respect to x, we get
e* (f '(x) + flr)) = 1
.'. On integrating both sides with respect to r, we get
e' 'f(x) = xc +c
As, /(0) = -1
= -1 =0+c
= c=-l
f(x) = (x -l)s-'
Now verify alternatives. Ans.
lnr
18. flx) = _
{"r
244 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hittts & Solutions)
.li .l - hr. -1:

f'(x)= x x 2J; -2-l!!
2*312
For r e e\, f '(tc) > O =
(0, /(r) is J
For xe(e2,*1,f'(x)<0 = /(r)isT
Now, n = ttfi' \! o* .tn2 -t;Z
J* e
Hence a. z(, -!)e) = (A)

\
Now A = [:' Wr- o*=
f# a* +
!"' ff a.
A<(e-1)+ +@, _ n)?
^l
e e
A.(u-D(2*+l=tn)
( Je,/
Again l:' Yo*
A = J1 lput ]nr - t =x = et ,d* = et dtl
Jx
A = I' t,[J at (c)
=
and A=1"'\ta*
J1 Jx
Put x =t2
A=[:4rntdt=4 - (D) Ans.
19. S(p) =t-2pcosx+p2
c(-P)=l+2pcosx+p2
h(x) = s@). sed = (t+ p2)2 - 4p2 cos2 x
= 1+ 2p2 + p4 - 4p2 cosz x
I- 2p2(2cos2 r * 1) + pa
=
h(x) = l- 2P' cosZx + pa ...(i)
Also s@2) = \- 2p, cosx + p4 ...(ii)
From (i), ,Al=t-2prcos.r + pa = g{pz)
\2/
Again K\p\ = f mf f - 2p cosx + p2\ dx .. . (iii)
= f m{r + 2p cosx + p2) d.*
%(p) f h@2 + L)2 - 4p2 cos2 x) dx

=
or 2K(p) =f h(p4 + 2p2 +t- 4p2 cos2 x) dx
= f tn{l -2p2 cos2x + pa)dx put 2t =t

K( p)
' = ]2r0[" f,,r - Zp2 cost + pa ) dt
= if
4Jo
r_- 2pz cosr + pa tdt
Keot 1l? h(L-

- = 4Jo 2p2 cosr + p4)dt
K(p) = K(-d
= Kis even
K{p) + K(-p) = h(1 - 2p2 cost + p4 ) dt
;lf
J" m{r -2p2 + p4)dt
?.K(p) = cost
= ll ,"r<o')d.x = K(p2)
K(p) =,!x(o,l
2
KG) = !K,*'', Ans.

2
Exercise-4
1. (A) Apply L'Hosiptal's rule twice or use expansion of e'"o"' .
(B) r = uG = dx =6u5du
7=St 6u5d'u
6Jo +1-1,-.
- JouB+uz-.lLus du=5-Gln2
E
,*1
= a+b= 5-6=-1 = (p)
(C) ," I" o tano) do = \
"-'(r"c2 -
Put -0 =t;dO = -dt
-n" E" et(sec2t +tatt)dt = 1 [Use le'ff(il + f ,(x))d.x = e* f(x)l
-e" fet tant)on = |
-eol-e-'tann] = |
tann = +1 =r (S)
[li tan-r(nx)d'x
(D) Iim iil (Prt nx =t);
"'* fi sin'r(nx\dx
".1
If
nJ!n+l ",,n-rl)dt q
lim [Use L'Hospital's rule]
1 f ,ir,-'(t)dr \o
nJ\n.+l
rl/\ n I
tan 'l I
7t
,.
Ilm
\n + 1/ =1 +
=4n2 (R) Ans.
n+ -_=--rl*l n \
srn I
\z+U 2
(A)0,+Oo=I
2
- $z d0 P2 tanOdO (UsingKing)
^ Je,. (n ^\ Jor 1+tan0
1+ tan[, - u,
u=lfd,o=oz-01 =Tffi
-=,
= , =
##=(R)
(B) I=Jols"k,T*T)**
- ,1[ ,,-, lfk).g'@)+ f '(il'g(r)] - swla*
r[{* r.,, g,x,l.{*t#)l] ,,
=
[r,,,'s(r)
+
#],
=lnr g(1)+ffi]
[r,0,
r,0,.#]
=[ry.ry]-r(o)-(o)t =2ooe + (s)
(C) Consider y = f(x) = 1l- x"*r)u" where n = 2OO7
x = f-r(y) = g(y) (say)

(note that f(1) = 0 and /(0) = l and fis monotonic decreasing)

!' l- x"*L;
=
x'*7 = l- y";
1
r =(1* y'\n+1'
I
f -'(y) = (l- ytl)n+t'

1
g(y) =(l- y'')"+t'

11
gtx) = (7 - x" rn-I =,t -rzooz,ioon
Hence, the two functions appearing as integrand are inverse of each other.
r = fi rota* - li s{ilay
But J=fG)
+ dy = f '(x)dx
And * = g(y)
r=ftfatd.-lixf'(x)dx
= Jo f /frl + xf '(x)) dx = xf(D)L
=fe)-o=o=(P) Ans.
u, *yn
f,(x\+ f,tyl =+x,,yn ...(i)
Putr = ! = lineq. (i)

= f,(l) = |
Put Y = 1in eq. (i)
+ f,Al=!
f ,p{cosec e) = = (sin o)2e
--!
(
-
cosec 0)'"
(A)
i
h-t
/ru("o.". e)* i
h=l
frp(seco)
= (sin2 0+ sina 0+...-) +(cos2 0+ cosa 0+...-)

sin2o cos2e tan-e^
___ q^
0+cot- 0 > z
^_*_-__:_
1- sin' 0 l- - cos' 0
=
= Possible values are 2,3,4. + (Q), (R), (S)

h(tr) = lgna
xn
For D(r) to be even ld,x) = ld,-x).

(B) ft(-r) = h(x)
= zisodd
Now /2(r) = I urd /g(r) = l.
1
--; 1=r=r
f' 2
1
(c) g(x) = l<xS^,12
x'o
1
, Ji<x<2
y=llx3
y:l/x2
llxz
v=l/2
-^D -t
ff,s@)d.x = L,*a* +
!i2 \a. * I:,;o.
=! -.12 $.5 - t.74r= z)
-:,
-2so
(D) s(r)is not differentiable atx = L, Jr, * J2. + (R) Ans.
4. (A) t fw -ildt =!tun-'(*')
[o
Put 2-x -t = !
= dt=-dy
Hence, {: @ - y) f u) d.y = %f fe) d.y - !? yf@ ay
u[* fliat - li ftttdy =;tan-t(x2)

Differentiating both sides
zlx {zf{ut - f@)) * !* flt) at] - % ' f(%) - xf(x)t =
2(l+ x4)
',
axf Qi - ?-xf@). rl: fQ)d.v - xf(?*r) + xf(x) =

ij
zf fliat = xf(x) - ij
Putr=1, zl-'f\lay=/(1)+1=9,
-J1 ''t'*t t'''
2 2'
f ruto* =1
+f, foa* =B = (s)
(B) Let
r2009
1= ((x - 1)(r - 2)...)(x - 1004)...(r - 2007)(x - 2008)(r - 2009))dx
J,
2s6e*.il
Using King
, = J:oo' (2009 - r) (2008 - x)(2007 - r) ... (1004 - r)(1008 - r) ... (1 - x) d.x
= (-l)'oo'foon f(r)d* = -l
2I =O
.I=0 = (P)
(c) ['"0 e''le' -I
1= Jo O*
e'+8
'
Let e' -L-t2
:+ e"dx =2tdt
r=2!:x=r[f *-'l:;k)
= zls-gt,,,-,1'l
3 slol= 6 - 6fr) \4)= o -
t
L 2
t a=6andb=3
2
+ alb= 4 = (T)
(D) G'(x) = -gP
E"@)
...(i)
G',(Z)=-89=-9',(2) ...(ii)
g2{2) 16
Now (fog)(x) = x
f 'G@)). 9'(x) = 7
= f '@(2)). g'(2) = 7
250 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints &,solutions)
f '(4)' g'(2) = 1
g'(2) = 16
From (ii), G'Q)=-E=-t
16
(G'(2))2 = t Ans.
Alternatively: f(4) = 2
g(2) = 4;
'
g'tY)= 1 p'(2)= t
f1*)t f,(4)
Now G1il=- I g'k);
g'(xl
G'(2)= .1 1 --1rL6-=-t
g2\2t" f'tLt 16 1
(G'(2))2=7 t
= Arr".
5. (A) 3l; sin(2r+ 3nr)dr = SJo sin3nr dr
= tlcossrurJlo = -lt,-r, -(1)l = ? +

- ,Jftfift (s)
(B) 1=
[ [x)e-'d.x
= []wl"-'a* +
f [*]r-'a* * fiae-* d.x +...
=o+ rf e-' d.x + z[] e-' dx +3!a e-' dx +...
= (e-r - e-2) + 2(e-2 - ,-3) + B(e-l - r-4 ) +... -
= e-l + e-2 + e-3 + e-4 +...*
e-t L
l-e-t e-l
(c) 1$ r"(2)
n|t \n)
d
ilnz+ln(il
7=, n
= Jo tt.,z +tnx)dx
=[xln2+x lnr - n]f = (h2 - 1) - 0 (As limx lnr = 0)

r+0
=rn?
ee = n=?+(e)
ap) r = ,*lim 1$u_t r.i,[
rLn
t)^
\", )
=[*sin(ru')d*=1
J0fi =(R) Ans.
Definite Integration 2,51
6. (A) r=frfodr*t" fodt-frralar=f" ^lt-"intat

Put t = x* y, we get
r = fi .!t - sn<r,+ *at= fi i1+ ri", ay = frl-"i. ,i"f,lao
Put !=0
2
dy =2d0
= ml2
= 2);- (cosO + sinO)dO = 4 =+ (Q)
(B) Let I = J4-x
l' *nxt4-x\ 6* ...(i)
AIso,
. 1.. (4 - x) e'(a-") d,x
t = J4_r (Using King property) ...(ii)
[* 4nxt4-x\4*
2I = J4-x
= 2I=4xZ
So 1=4 = (Q)
(C) Differentiate given relation w.r.t. 'r'to get f '(x) = 2tc + xf(x)
- f '(x) = (2+ f(x)) x
Let t=f@)then!=2rc+xy
dx
dv
or " =xdx
2+y
o
= ln(v+2\=*
'2 +C
Putr=1=y=1
1
C = ln3-:
= 2
-lnl(v+2\
" *2
l=--- 1
= \3)2 2
x" -7
- !=k z -2
*2 -l
So, !'(x) =\xe 2
Hence, f'{7)=3+(S) Ans.

7. (A) .r1 =
!: k - 1)3 + (4 - r)3 + x) cosxx d.x ...(it
Applyrng King property, we get
,, = !:((4-r)3 +(r -1)3 +S-x)cos(d5 -x))d.x

I, = -!: (G - x)3 +(tr - 1)3 + 5 _r) cosrx dx ...(ii)
Now, (i) + (ii) gives
u, = l: en * B) cosrx dx
u, = I:2,x cosrx d- - I: bcosrw d,x
u, = z[]r cgs* d* { -p,o
(II)
I.B.P
lr2)f
iO. cosnx dx = 0, because fla + b - 1s1 = -[(xl
lx sinnr r sinrr
It =r--l_dxl \3
\ 7r " fi 12
/
-lT.__l
)3+l/ cosnr
sin nr
_l )3
\ n )z I n2 )2
1.)
=0+*(-1-1)=+
11 fi
5or2I, = -100
Hence lson2lil= 1oo = (e)
(B) , = fio sgn(sinrr)dr
= uf t*t"inru)dx
{As sgn (sin
rr) is periodic with fundamental period 2.}
= s!' td*+ sJ'r-rl dx = E- 5=o + (p)
(c) u = !:o'[cot-l r] a* = Ii"' rdx +
[)]lro a* = cotl < 1
So, [Ifl=0 = (P)
lout l, * 2sld.x
(D) L-
lout ,, + 251d.x
Definite Integration
253
so, N, = .|;u'[x +2sio* =
IJ' Jx]+2b)o* = !i, @ _lx] +28)d,x
=
q;!r - u'.l;' {x} d'x +(25x 51)
- 51x51
: 5t
"^
22 - +(25x 51)
= (25x 51) + (25 x 51) = 50 x 51
Also, o,=li {x+2stdx
= Jou' t ) drc = ill: kl d.x = nfi x .ax
/ ^'l
= stl.-/l =
51
\2)o 2
50j51
.L = = too
51
,
Hence,:=ry=50=+(R)
22 Ans.
8. (A) f(x -B) = f(x +3) V r e rB
x--sx+3
f(x) = f(x +6)
/(r) is periodic with period 6.
64 .A
Jo fk) dx = 9 Jo frxt dx
=9x9=92
k=2*(R\
{ ffr,,, d.=;x6xs=e}
(B) Applying L'Hospital's Rule
' rl
,.-
l*
Il Jo '"' odo
"'o r* + sln "' x Jn cos- 0 r1e
"i.,' "'1 ]cos2
*-\ 2
1
.fr'' 1l
=o+ 1
"or'
od.o =
i
),=4 =+ (S)
(c)
.J0
^Gt9
L = 1""'' sin(r - sinr) dr
+ cosr) (1
x, + cosx =t
(1- sinr) dx = dt
L- = J;" - sin/ dl
r9r/2
= t- cosl)fl/2 = -(0 - cosl) = cosl
lll=[cos1]=0 = (P)
(D) I = | sin-l(t-x)d.x*f -2)d.x
"o.-'{,
x-2=t
dx=dt
= | sin-l (t - x) d.x + fi cos-l r dt
= jj sin-l (1 - (1 - x)) d.x + | .or-' r dr
= f sin-l x d.x +fi .o.-t x d.x = |.t, o" = ,

(e) Ans.
[;]=, =
Gi fi xf "'(?.tc)d.x = n?|,)r-f,[], f "r*,o*
"e\ _lttutl'
nloJl=, = ,r,
f
2 |
(B) /(r) simplifies to x2 + x + I
1=
[' tr' + x +r)dx =*.;* t =
* =
(R)
(c) , = ff l@' - n21- sinz x1d*

7=f sin2 x-(x2 -n2)d**f" {*'-n2)-sin2xd.x
=f sin2 xd.x+1",.-$],.t+ *,)". -!'n *in,*d*

=[^'-*).[+ -'z"') i+ n')= z"' =+ (P) Â'ns'
lnteger Answcr Type
,. ff'' (sinr + a cosx)s d.x - \fr'' r cosr dx = 2
Let ,, = fo'' (sinr + a cosx)3 dx

= f" tri.r' *+oB cos3r+3osin2.rcos.r+3o2 sinr cos2 x)d.x
= J"/2 sins x d,x +o'f " x dx + ,o

fo'' sin2 r cosx dx
"o"'
+ 3r2fl2sin x cosz x d.x
=2 *o,(?)*t ['tr.d.t +Bo, ij'at

3 \3/ Jo
(,i,, =t = cosxdx = a,; !it' at)

,^
=1(1+aJl+a+o2
o
t)
2.2&3 z
=-+-+a+a'
33
l,.2o.3r2
=-+d'+d+-
'33
I,'ro to - Joln'2 ,ir* d,*
= l-n'' .r .cosr d.x = x"i.r, in"
frIif
rnl2
1z=rsinr+cosrl
lo
f -'' r
*_oa
"
lo
'22
-- -
-2a3r2
t=-+a-+a+- 4a n-2
3 3 n-2 2
%13 ,) 2
+a'-a+-=2
3
2n3 +fu2 -fu+2=6
+ 2a3 +fu2 -Ja-4=0
3
0r * Qo * a" = - *
'2
_3
LAtAn = --
2
Lalz=? *9 =
'42
4
4
1000Io12 = 1000 *4 = 250 x 2t = S2S0 Ans.
4
(sin3 - coss 0 - cos2 0) (sin0 + cos0 +
2. I=f''
h/4
e
"os2
e)200,
de
sin2 o cos2 . e (sin e;2ooz 1.or g;2007
nl3
= ttanesec0 - cotOcosec e -cosec20) (sec0 + cosec 0 + cote)2007 de
[)"
Put sec0+ cosec0 tcot0 =/;
(sec0cot0 - cot0cosec 0 - cosecle) d0 = d.t
f'' t2oo7 dt = -1
I = h/4 sroo,
2009
t/3
1 (sec0+cosece+cot0)2008,
= -L r!l
r [r- 2 ]\2008
='o*-Ll'. -di +"8+t)2008 1
e.uE,,} -,
= ,,, + {5)2008 - (t + Js)2oo8l

fr
Hence, a=2,b=3,c= 8andd= 2008.
+ Sum = 2021 (current answer is2024) Ans.
f i [r. A')
nA, " iir\n)
Bn.
{[,. ])[,.;) [r. :)l'

ri.r, f i [, * t) ----- [' t+ x\dx =?
"*n?=r\ n) ro 2
Consider, rim rnllr * 1l [r * ?)...1, * l.l1"

n+ [\ zi\ n) \ n))
= riml
n+*fL2_1i"[r*
\
4]
n) - | r'o + ild.x
= f f.r, dx =lxlnx - xll = r"t
So, ri,"l[r.1)[r*
,*[\ n)\ n) \
?) (r*tll"
ru)) =4 e
(3
.
An n-+€
limA-
"
=: _3e
,r--- 2
llm- =_
n-* Bn limB, 4 8
n+
e
a=3 and 6=8,

Hence, a+b=17 Ans.
4. Un ={r(1-r)}"
d'U n
xlx (L x)Y-r $ - ?.,c)
dx = ___ -
.
*lf_
t% = xlx(t- df-L(-2) +(1 -zx)zn(n- 1)tr(1 - x)ln-z
dx2
= nIx(L - d)"-1G2) - l)Ix(l - x)1"-2
+ n(n
+ (4x2 - 4x)n(n- 1)tr(l - x)1"-2
= n(n-L)u^-z + 4(x2 - Ax)n(n- 1)(r - *21n-2 -2n(x - *21n-1

- n(n - t)(I o_z - 4n(n- 1)(r - xz)"-L - 2nlx - *21n-r
= n\n - l)U o_z - 2nlx - *2)"-LI2n - 2 + \
= nln-l)(Io-z -2n\2n- 1)(r - *21n-L
v, = fr e''Uod'x = fln'
".llo frW {d*
-
I
"n(t- ?ac)lx(r - r)l'-llf t#.e* d,x
- r)u o-2 - 2n(2n - L)u n-ld'x
v, - !)vn-L- zi,(.zn*-!ii,':
= n(n
i.e., Vn+M2n-L)Vo-r-n(n-1)V,-, =g Ans.
...(i)
Using King
I=l'.("ot-'+l ("or-'$]a, ..(ii)

'' I Jr-"'J [. ,h-t*'Yr 1
On adding
2I = ['-cot-lII"ot-' ----!-+ n-cot-l -:lo.

J-r Jr-r2[ Jr-(r,)i,t Jr-tr,yt't1
2r=!:,ncot-l
l#)r.
= f, ntan-r Jtj a*
= ,lit n-'Jr- *' d* ...(iii)

(As tan-l Jf - r' l" even function)
I = ul' 1 tan-r <Jt-7la* ...(iv)

.'0
ii-D---T-
Integrating by parts
fl x (-r)
I = ,rt .,-' (Jt - r') .*lL - ro
t-:d-
TErO
(1+ l- xz) Jt- *,
-rl-rl *2
- dx
'o (2- *\Jt- r'
Let r = sin0
+ dx = cosOdO
sin2
ro (2 - sinz9o) ,,
I = nft'
2- sinz g' - 2
= -nf''
Jo 2-sinzo O'
d0
I = 2nYtz
Jo - -n2
2-sinzg 2
^ at2 "ec2 edo
-r+l-"J0
n2
2+ 2tan2 0 _ tan2 O z
^ at2 se"2 0d0 n2
1')*)
ro 2+1.annz g 2
Put tan0 = f
I = 2nY dt .
Jo -tr2
2+tz
2
Jz "lz )o-42
=znl*rr-'al-
n2 trz nz(Ji -t) n2do - J6>
=---=-=-
Jr2 2 J;
=+ a=Zb = landc = 4
:+ a+b+c=2+l+4=7 Ans.
6. Given J0 sin (x -t)di = *z
f 12 King .
=) ff t* -tl' sirrt dt = x2
:+ x2
ff - ?eJi r "irrt * ff ,'sin/ = .r 2
sint dt
+ *2 (l-cosr)- 2x(.-xcos, +sinr)+(-r2 cosr + 2r sinx+ cosr -l)= x2
+ €osr=l
So, x=Zntc,nel
Hence, numberofvalues ofO, Ztc 4\..., 3Onequals 16. Ans.
Definite Integration 2-og
7. I =Ji/' {"o.r)'ott ("in2012, + i d.x
, (cosr)2011(sin2012r cosr + cos2ol?-x sinx)d'x

= fr'
I = fo' (sin(2012r) lcosr) 2012 + (cos 2012r) sinr (cosr) zot\ dx
I' = -l f'' lkorzo12r'(cosr)'o'2)d*

20l2ro dx'
I = -1 11.os 2012r)(co, *)2012) W2
2012
-1 (-1) = | =o
= 2072' 20L2 b
a ='lrb = 2Ol2
(tut +b) = 2Ol4 Ans.
8. f(r) -Jr-t',6
f '(x)
f(x)f,(x)=Ef\")
tt I9I\Ldx
f't*l
= rltdx
"h-
+ -Jt4'@ = x *c
^r1\ J5
As, tla)= z
-1^=^+C
1
22 =C=-l
So, -$-ru =x-1
'frft)
\4/
=t-e16=716
,(1)= h -:Ja
'lt) 4 4
m=7 Ans.
Let.I1 = J*" {.o.r)fr*r d* ...(i)
and I, = fo'' kosx){2'Ldx ...(ii)

GRB prodtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Now, I, = .v
f'' (cosr)fi.(co sx)d.x
__ii_
r
I.B.P.
((cosr)f .sinr)[/z *
= fr'' Jr.(cosr)f-l .sin2 x dx
= J, fr'' (cosr) fi-r .(t - cos2 x) d.x
\=J-2Iz-J-a,
(Ji+1)1, I
3 ----J =
"1212
)rr3-u
', =(wz + 1)Gl2
12
I
-L)
=Q- J2) = h- Jn)
:+ n=2 Ans.
ff'' lu"or,)Jz,tdx _fri't in*)&*rd*
Note:+JT. --n [UsingKingproperty]
fi'' {cosx)a-ld* f,'' {rin*)fr-'d*
ro. J = f, ,r-160)100rroodr
( _^ \1 ,
_^ .r-ror ^-ro1
= I (f - 150)100 |
_-- _ it f OOtt _ rso)ee GSO xas\x*' dx
l. 101/0 Jo ' 101 ---
ur'=o-o
=o * [] (t
' - ruo)'e
(t - (t - x*o))xrwdx
101 J0
= (1-rs.)eer too
dx -[,r-rso;roorroo4r)
H(fi
-
al +
5000 - _l
_.J =
5000 _
101 101
5101 r_5000,
101"- 101'
:+ j=Yo*=:
m-_7-n _ 5101.-L-5000 _
20 5 20
Ans.
Definite Integration 26r
q
11. Puta = J,
x
Weget I=-I = I=0 Ans.
12. Here, the area of big triangle is I and there are 2 of them.
2
v
(0,0) (2,0) (3, 0) (4,0) (5,0) (6,0)
Also, the area of small triangle is and there ane(z - 1) of them.

]
so .|;.' f(r)dx =f,<z> +l{n-r)
-nln+3
=lJ---=-
44 4
Now,
![*' f{ia, =z
n+8_o
4 -'
=) z+3=8
Hence, * n=5 Ans.
f(rl =, cos.r. , . l.t- ,ol
,\-,_-vve*,*_LZ,_,")
,(x)
f =(-r sinr + cosr) > o,r e *]
[?,
a f(x)is increasing function ir, [9{, znl
L2',l
Also, ,(+)=o;r(2n) = %t
So,
Iil 2
r<"1a. +
ff" sk)a* = anz ...(i)
Now, [# r.(cosr)dr = 1+
JtÎ
!I
II 2
" I.B.P.
= [f, aoa* =(nn' T ,)

262 GRB proaA ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
14. Since 8(r) is a constant function equal to 4.

Hence g(x) = 4
= *'(f'(t)-21+x2f"(t)+ AxffQ)+6)+4 = 4y x
='(f'(t)-2)+x21"{t)+4r(/(0)+6)=gy,
Hence (f '(t) - 2) = 0, f "(t) = 0 and (f(0) + 6) = 6.
f(tl = 2t -G
| -x2+&x, o<x<4
h(x)=)*'-8x+32. 4<x<6
|.,, - 6)?+20, 6<x<t2
Range of h(x)is [0,56], i.e., N= 57.
rE. wehavel, = ,fi "[, .+.+.+. .*)o" (f, ,,uurr, = o;
^f *, *4 *6
-zl_+_+_+...+_l
*2n+2 It
lr-2 2.4 4.6 2n(2n + 2).lo
=2[-L*1*1*...*
LL.2 2.4 4.6 ' I
2n(2n+2))
')l
.*(!_
2Lt,- z) ' \z s.i ' \g t)'"'' \" '
= r*1[l,1_1) *(!_1).11_1)*
"+t))
Hence, m[r.i(r-,_r--r-)]=;
p=3;q=2
=) pq(p3 + q21 = @)(2)t27 + 4l = 186 Ans.
*2 -l<r.1ho"r=o
1 1<xs2 )
16. /(5)
(x-B)2 2<x<4ho..=g
=
7 4sx<5)
(x-6\2 5<x<7ho"r=e
I 7<rs8J
From the graph of fk),it is clear thatf(r) is periodic with period 3.
Now, ffu t<*la* =

tuf f@)dx
= $!1f@)d.x = rs[I. xzdx +
li , o.f
='u(;*r)=,u Ans.
17. Putr = sin2/

+ dx = Zcos2t
Z(Zcoszt -L)dt
Now, I=fo'
cosf + sinl + cos, - sinf + 2
fta
= Jo
Zcosz -l d.t = fta L- 2(1- cosz t) a,
t
cos, + 1 ro (1 + cost)
= Zff'n ("ort -r\dt * fi'n ^ at
-4.
= 2rsinr -ttfn .f,.2.*4]:'
=zlL-rl*t
LJz 4) 'r 8
=,{2-i*Jz-t
= 2J2 -rr-,
+ a,=S=g=)
+ a+b+e=6 Ans"
r-etI=Yln$+?)o*
Jo !+ xz
Put r = tanO
+ dx = secz 0d.0 ; whenr = \ 0 =tan-1(2)
264 GRB .aoalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
, = .|X" 'k (1* 2tano)do ...(i)

Applying King
/= fi*' h(l*2tan(tan-1 z- o))do
=lX"-"r,(r.r(ffi)r,
, = ff"t" lnldg-f"-" lrr(1* 2tano)do
I
2I = tan-r 2.In5
^r = 1t..r-l 2. ln b = tan -t z.tnJE
2
Hence, a=2andb=5.
a2 +b2 = 29 Ans.
ln (l +
Note that , Y Yt) dx = tan-t a .ln L+a21
Jo l+ xz
19. g(r) = Sand s1lat =Z
f,
Zf (x) =
[, t., - ?.xt + tz) g(t) d.t
= *' fo s@d.t - 2n
f E(t)dt * ff ,rs@at
Differentiating
2f '(x) = ,zstr) +
ff se)d.t .u - zlx'zs(") *(r ,s@dr)f+ x2g(x)
zf '(x) = % s(t) dt
f, - rlo,ual ot
f "(x) = xs(x) + [i s{t)at - ya@) =

lo Ar>a,
Hence f ''(t) = [o' sG) at = z
Also f"'(x)=g(x)
+ f"'(1)=g(1)=5
:.f "'(1) - f "(l) = 5-2=3 Ans.
20. We have I, * Io+2 =
i fta tan" x d.x + fta tan"+2 x dx
= fln .unnn x(l+ ta,.2 x)d.x
= ftu tar" x sec2 x dx

=l u"du=*where u=tanx
So,.f, + In+z =fr *fricf, implies that /n*1 + I,.a =
*,
Hence, | {I nI o*, + I oI o*, + I n+rl n+z + I o*21 n*s)
n=0
) o, + In*2)(1,*1
z=0
*I oas)
sr 1 \r 1 \
\ t_il_I =}(* #)
,'*\n+7)\n+2)
-1
I-
2
11
2- 5
11
5- 4
ii
n+l n+2
sn" =1--L
n+2
+ um[r- 1 )=r
n__+_\ n + 2)
=+ 1oolim[r- 1 ]=1oo
,r+@\ n+ 2) Ans.
2,-. Consider l-"C,

(}n)l nr'nl
=nl(2n)l. (2n)!
^c,
- 1) ...(2n + 1) (2n) ll nl
[32(32
(?dlQdQn- 1)...(z + 1)n !
_ (?n + 1)(2n + 2)(?m + 3) ...(?m + n)
(n + l)(n + 2)(n+ 3)...(z + z)
Taking log
, = ]s[('. #X, .
#) ('. *))'"
rnp =
]**[*(,. #) r,,(r .
#)* r,(r.
+ . +
#)]
266 GRB proalems in Calculus (Hints & Solu.tions)
r, =:1,,(r*
<n.
#)=*"(r.ffi;
,
lg;I,"[r. *;^)
| \
s =
[t m[r*
= Jo
r
f' ur('*2]a,
)a, = ro
\ 1+r/ \r+1/
=f mt, +2)d.x-fir"t, +l)d.x
=(x + 2)ln(r +2) -(x + z) l1o - (.r + 1)ln(r + D -(r +D lt6
= [31n3-3] -[21n2 -21-I(€ln2- 2) -(0 - D]

=Iln27 -31-[n4 - 2] -[ha - I
=lln27-il-[21n4-il
=1n27 - ln16
lr.P =hT16
+ P=T
16
a=27;b=LG
= a+b = 43 Ans.
22. Differentiate w.r.t. r
f(x) - f "'(3) = r3 + f '(l)xz + f "(2)x
or fk)=x3+f'(l)x2+f"(2)x+f"'(3) .'.(i)
f '(x) =3x2 + 2f '(1) + f "(2) ...(ii) t
f "(x) = 6x + 2f '(l) ...(iii)
f "'(x) =6
=+ f"'(3)=6
Putr = landr = 2in(ii)and(iii)respectively
f'(l)+f"(2)=-3
and 2f '(t) + f "(2) = -L2
Solving f '(l) = -5 and f "(2) = 2
f '(x) =&x2 -tox +2
+ f'(4)=48-40+2=10 Ans.
zB., = !::l* -o -d'*(;)r,

Put (x-a-n)=t
r = Err .i"$ .*)o,= f trt"o" (T)"
= ar - sin(l) d,
"o,Z[:^rrr*.(l) "r"ilXt,l
zem being odd
I= 2cos9l^"r","iorLo,
2Jo 2
Put l=r,weget
2 "'
t = a"orZf, y:Zot = scosltl sinvl6 -
[ sinv dvl
+
-lit-zero
t = _t6cosZ
+ -16cos9 = -16
2
ct,
cos- = 1
2
= 1=2nn+a=4ru\neI
2
Sum=r[4+8+L2+...+96]
= rl\x lool = nl24x5ol
L2 .l
= k=12O0 Ane.
24. Consider In = fo'' #0,
sin2 (ro]g- !in2(st e
/ro - /s - ,*rz r,
1/z
sin(19)e*
= ro ...(i)
sinO
But *# = cos(-180) + cos(-160) +"'+ cos(-20)
+ 1 + cos20 + cos40 +... + cos(18) 0

= 1 + 2(cos20 + cos40 +... + cos(18)0)
ffi
.'. Using above relation in (i), we get
Iro-In= 1*" ti"ll?oae

'v srnu
=!*ff'' firt)ae
Zeto
fr
Hence, Ifi - Is =
2
lllZy Is-18 =!
r r -fr
,z-,1 - 2
Adding, we get Irc = I1+\ :+ In = 5n= &n (Given)
Hence,&=5. Ans.
25. We have2f, f@at + xk = xf(x) ...(i)
Differentiate both sides of equation (i) with respect to x, we get

2f(il + kxh-r - xf' (x) + f(x)
= xf'(x) - f(x) = kxh-r
= f'(d-'f(*r=kxk-z (+-!y=P.*o-'\
x\drx)
L
Integrating factor = I.F.=
x
So, ry= nlxk-zax
f(x)
=) x =k'*o-'*C
k-2
Put r = 1in (i), we get f(l) =L
k
Now, C =L-h-2
= c=2-k
2
= fk\ = kxk-r * %
h-2 2-k
Since coefficients of f(x)are integer.,' .o =L -16 -?- are integers.
k-2 2-k
+ 2-k=t1r!2+k=0, 1,3,4
But & * 0 as & > 0 and atk =1,,g,4, integer hence possible values of &
fi*also
are 1,3,4.
Hence, sumofpossiblevalues of k=\+3+ 4 = 8. Ans.
zB. = x 1 l.;n**?.nherex.[1.u1]
--'4x2_2.tc+9 =1
4*+9_2-10 t - x -Lb'-lJ
x
Ilu:{c; . rl* . Il,*l ;;* . r}*

,,=ffio.-
,=
"
Puttingr=1 + 6*=-)a,
l'll
r,=-!?,1;, l*o,
I p-i*n)"
=f,u !{-
, [ 4t2=, lo,
_zt *g]*"
Now'' = f,,*ffc**j.{-;*al*
=, = frul* f.'{r} + {-r} = 1*5"nx e\
/ = (lnr)?ys = 21nb = plnq+Btan-l r
- p=Zq=!andr=$.
:. p+Q*r=7 Ans.
Ma" = [i' tl'ff*
27. Let, = foo **.
-r100\
f
=Ilo o*.li:"1; )*
pot,100=, + -12oa*=at dx
xxolcxt = -tL=dt + --dt
,=fo f(La*.t#or=rto Ma*=2x5=10 Ans.
2g. I, = Jl/z f (sinr + cosr)"-l SI" ljo"r)a*
III
f.,, = r(sinr + cosr)o-l (sinr - cosr)Ifl2
-Ji" tt.irr, + cosr)'-1 +(z - 1)r(sinr + cosr) o-2(cosx- sinr)](sin x - cosx)dx
I, =;-fl2.(sin* + cosr)*l(sinr - cosr)dr

?*ra
+ (n -D Ji/z r
(sin x + e,osx)n-2(cosr - sinx)z d,x
,,, = +(n - tl f;iz *(sinr + cosx)"-2(2-(sinr + cosr)2)dr (Note this step)

X,+0
I n = !2+ 2(n - l)I n-2 - @ - L)I o
oI, = 2(n - l) I n-z

X,+
Put n = 101 101/ror = !-r+ 2x 100.Iee

=
101/101 -:
= 2OO Ans.
Isg
ft2 r(cosr +rsinr)" dr

Aliter zIo = ...(i)
Kirg
I, = fo'' (; -r),""., + sir.x)o d.x ...(ii)
(i) + (ii)
o^ -;fo'' (cosr + sinx)" d'x
Now use by parts Ans.

29. fl1) = ! xe'' d.r = -e-'x. - e-' = -e-* (x + 7)
F(2) = = -e-'(x2 +?-x +2)

[e-'xzdx
F'(1) (r+l)
F(2)=(r + 1)2 + 1
l!$a*=l k+!) o*
= rF(2) r (x+L)z +L
(r + 1)2 +l=t
= (x +7)d.x
'2 =!d,
Hence,
go. r =l' =**b+6)2

=d.*=L(Given)
to (*'+^x 30
Now, for some value of ,t
ax+b d( e \
(x2 + 5x +6)2
=-l-l
dr\xz + 5x +6)
ax +b -Q.x + 5)k
=
G'+tu+af <r\s**af
Hence, a--?.k;b=-1k
t2
Now, 1= ----!-l
(x" +5x +6)lo
+ .(t 1)
kl_-_l=_ 7
\zo 6) 30
4 -t4k _ 7
120 -go
:+ k=-2
Hence, a=4;b=t0
a2 +b2 = 16 + 100 = 116 Ans.
31. f(x) +3g(r) = x2 + x +6 ...(i)
2f(x)+4g(x)=?*x2 +4 ...(ii)
Now,
2f(x) +6g(x) = 2x2 +?.x +12
,:"r:4g(x) = ?-x2 .:
Zg(x) = ?-x +8
Hence, g(x)=x+4
f(x) = *2 -?-x -6
Now g(tan2 x) = 4 + tan2 x
and f(tanx) = tan2 x - 2tanx -G
(g(tanz x)- f(tanx)-8) =(4+tan2r)-(tan2 x-2tanx -6)-8 =2tanx +2
J = fo' h(g(tan2 x) - f(tanx) -8) d.x =
f'n tn{ztunx + 2) d.x
= 1,.}fo'n d* +
f;/' h(1+ Lanx)d.x
J = !lnz+!l1,z= &kr2
488
3nln2 g
-"---- Ans.
J =
272 GRB proaZems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
32. Let F(x) = * * f(ildi - plfrt (-1, 1)

ff
NowF(0) = -p,
F(1-) = 2- p = 2- p + 5=7 - p
+
f, fAla,
F(-1*)=-2-p*['fo)dt
- -2- p+5=3- p Graph of F(x)
,F'(-1).F'(0)<0 and f(0),F(1)<0
i.".,(3- p) (-p) < 0 and (-d fi - p) < 0
p(p -B) < 0 and p(p -7) <O
=pe(0,3) and pe(O,7)
+ p e (0,3)
.'.Number of integral values of pis2. Ans.
33' 1=rt4
Jo dr
((.ir,r)roffi;;rrl,'(sin2r)2008
-in(cotr)
fft4 ln(cotr) 22008(sinr)2008(cos.r)2008,
J0 (1 + (cs1r;zoos;z (sinr)200e(sinr)200e
22008 d4 ln(cotr)200e 2009(cotr)2008
J0 (1+(cotr)200e)2 (-sin2r)
=-...'..'..,....................,......'.'_i
(2009)2
(cotr)200e = ,r, -2009lcotr)2m8 d.x = d.u

sinz r
22oo&1l
|
h(a)
_ ______; **
-.-dv (2009)"'* (l+d"
22oo9 hu l1 22oo9 11 d.u
- (2009f [11."1- -(2009f J- zO+u)
22oo8 rr [1 1l
l___ldu -
=-_l
(ZOO9)2 r_Lu u +L)__
22008 t-. u 1r
= --r ln_ |
eoo$z l___z + 1l_

_ z2oo8 lnz _ ab lr'a
(2009)2 c2
a a=\b=2008arrdc=2009
=+(o+b+c)=4019 Ans.
I=fh Q-x-x-2)dx ." (DividingNrand Drbyxz)
x4 +2-x +g*
Definite Integration tlo
r=rtri*
Put "2
+! =t
x
+ (* -\)a. = a,
as lc)7,t -+ 2
as x)@tt1*
I=84 a*=**"-'l],
1[l-tan-r ?1=!"ot-r2
=
312 313 3
Hence, A =l;B = 3; C = 2;D =3
(A+82 +C3 + D4) = 1+9+8+81=99 Ans.
, rla blx
35. r=lo" -" d*
ta X,
Let x=at
a dx =adt
=al--" -at""blat dt
ftla et
'r
/=fJlt "'-"''' d, (wherebla=a) ...(i)
Put t =9
v
= d.t = -4at
v'
(e"tY -eY)y
/ = -[r
JC 4ay
0, y'
7 f kY - e"/Y)d,
= Jay
(e' - e"t') dt
or I = _lo
Jl ...(ii)
t
From(i)and(ii),21=0 = /=0 AnE
36. Putr=cot0
+ dx =-cosec2odo
')1 /1
GRB Problems in Calculus \Hj?!s & s9!y!t_!,t1\
J= (; 2cot0-(cosec20)2.0r,
1 - (cosec2O) 0
(;
r
2sin0. cos0 -(cosecJ0).
(2sin0. cos0 - 1) + 1-
0,^
0. cosec2e .^
(; -a'u
""lg - 6
sin2o-o
= ln(sin2 e -olli/,! +
f,l sin2o(sin2e-e) d0
lr-n)
= lnl .--A I * Jr/4
f'' cosec2oc/e = (ln 2) + 1
I 1 nl
l r- n)
=+ 100(1+ ln2 - ln2) = 100 Ans.
rr
Aliter r"I=f' \-(1+x2)2cot
r*
,o (1+ r - a;-;itlt;;i ;o"
Divide byllr+ x2\2
cot-1'r
r=l' ttt f '11 - dx
I
-
7+xz "ot"l,
(u -'
1)(r
I+l -"ot-t,)
l+x2 ) l1+x2 ____*dx
=t; [(r rz)z
+
l.' cot '-r:
-
l+ xz
l'Zx1) 11
| ,\
'-cot'xJ
=rrl1rn..rlr-tr-.'i
Ju I 1 ,t-]t"*lJ""[r*r--cor
,'-i"= 'd''No*proceed.Ans.
t'"t 1.r 1xJ
[,*"--
37. tirrr 1l n("':lL-fl \n
" -'' , j!, \ n"+k" )
ri* 1[rr[ Itt2 +02\' Ir' *t']' (n2 +2, 1r (nz +(n-1)2 )"'l)
=
,--nI l;,-1,) l;r-r,)
t \,+r,l l-;r;7-) ))
ri* 1[r,l n2 .(r2 + 12 ) .(.n 2 2

1 ....(nz +n. 7)2)
=
,--rL I ( 2n 2 \n
) ll
2:l:tiJ: A"gy!,:" Lt?,t
.. r[. (ttt r2)rL 22 r ir - rn-1)2))l

=
,l'1 ,,
['"[ z \r* ,] ) l r- ,* )' | ;
'r,7 ))l
rinr y'r,l
= n-*
1
rt 2n l.L. i*)= LJ
*[$1jr,
i .*__l_
s = rnf
\ I
t']
[' r.r,i 2 \o*= *r,,1 L*d ll' - f LLa*
I 2 ))o Jo1rr2--'
--l-
=o-2tf:
fila,-[ *r]
-2tx-*--',,*" = -r[r- { ! 2
I 41= 2 -
= Ans.
38. Consid er t = [' ,#* (Put r = y3)
so, 1=
Ftt.ls
J, ,*,
Byz ,
av = Jn
2'1*f-1at
1t1t.rB(yz+1)_g,
-+ I = (Btu:l- B) * Btan-1 Gttt) +9!
' f =1,m(sttiit
Now, - n-Btan-1 (trt)+fu-ot,,)
f '-\ 4 )
['or Z to exist, o = Sand 6 = :1

3
3^3
L =U -
424 -3 = -3
AnrI hence,
So, 4L = -3r*12
= l2=-4L-Br
Hence, ab 4L -3r = 1 + 12 = 13. Ans.
39. Let I = f --:-((3ncosr +4sinr)sin2.r: + 4) dx
'o Jt n sin3 x
yrz x((3ncos"t+4sin.r")sin2r (n-rX(-3 sin:r -
-:)l=lr r()
+4) 7T cos.r + 4 sin.r) 4)
-=.-----* |.-* a)'
r/1 + sin3 r r/1 sin't .r:
(Zx - ilSncosr sinz r +4r

-, = ['' + sin3 x dr:
"q;.,#.,
("-6rrsinr 2 _l coszr
=e I = f'' | * l^[* *"% la,
'o I Jt+cos,r --lE-|
L -a,r- )
:=) I =146fi *"o"1 )t2 = 2n'
+ k=2 Arrs.
r y- Jr- *'d*1.* il o*
' = r-r
= f(k)
(k+7) _ xz
L):F *
r(x) = t.u+k+
r-r d* * I:.,
#
,;mffi;t
r(k)=%tE+LIlffi*
Put r = sin0
f(k)=N'L!;''ffir,
=NEmU;'' do-kt:''
#4) -l
= 2,rc;tll - hfot'
tut'eae
L2 ro 1+ &(1+ tan2 e) l
=r,1611t-! JE 1
2^lk+L) L2
f(k)="<Jk+t-JE)
99 99
Now) f(h)=n}tJEi-JEt
A=0 &=0
= n[(1 - 0) + (J2 - Jrl + tJi - "{21 + ... +(.,fu-00 - J55lt

=n(,,/100-0)=10n + p=10
!r.' f-'oa* =lirf't>or=ltf(illl -fi f@at =e*B -lk-' +t2 +il1[
=e*3-(e+2-L)=2
, r,c (x2 cos2 r
t=JoTctx - r sinr - cosr - 1) ,
* smr]
"- [;
( , 1 1 1\
I cos-r- -srnr- . cos.r--. dx I
r-fn\ x xo 1c")
'-Jo . Y
1,* t'""J
[;
/I cosr - -=-r\.lclx r(l
I + r)a,
I=1" -fn x\r "it )
to Y (t Jo (l .2
I +srnrl\2 l-+ sin* l
\r/\r
.___li- )
/- =
r
I -1
cos^rl-
,l^
llll | rnxsinxd.x tdx
ll - Jo l+rsinr
t-
11* J 1+ r sinr
[; "t"'J]o
- -rc cosr lo -t rn _dx
/-_t r sin.r + 1 .
1+ r sinr J6 Jo r sinr + 1
I = (n- 0) - trl6
I=n-n=0 Ans.
q
4s. !: @fiu,) - fz(il) dx =-3
= r(+ -(o"-t)')* ='

=fta,
J04 -li(r, -Z)'*=3
',) *\' d,* Z
=
i- t:so - 2)3 =
r2
'' ff(r*o-r )a*=o

= f@) =!:
'2'
f$) =; An&
65
dx _ 1ro,*f
M. I.r.l|I = fio
ht4 (1+ 2-"" )(1+ 2"i"') - Jnl+ (1 + 2-"')(1+ 2"h')
278 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Sttlttti.ons)
= fiu^
(1+2"o")(1+2""')
periodic with pei'iod =2n
= 8Jf _,- .;:!{---:.*) = 81r-

(1 + 2"ut* )(1 + 2='n'
where L = J0 4x
' lh (1+ 2.,,.r)(1 + 2.in.-)
UsingKingand add.,2l1 = t? -iL--
Jo (1 +
2to"')
Again using King and add, qI, =
I? clx = 2r,
Hence I.,2= I
I = 8Ir : r"X,= Arc
= kn
Hence, k=4 Ans.
45. Let r, = Io (1 - (1 - x2')1oo)2oo* tJx
, Put 7- x2 =f then * d* = -!dt

2
.'. 1r =
Il,r-rroo)2ooi -11r, ,_ a/
= Jo
,t _ rtooYoo ! 6, (i)
and similarly I, =fi ,, - ,roo',zoo !4,

o'
Gt ss)t dt
100) 2 100) 201
= [(1 - r .tlto - fi zoz. 100 (1 - r
(Integrating by parts)
=0 - 20200f tr -r100)2" 0. - tloa -t)dt
= - 2O2OO fr(1 - rr.00)202 + 20200fi (L - *oo)2ot dt
Iz=-202001r+2O2O0I.t
lt=20299 =
p
12 2OZ0t q
(q- P)least= 1 Ans.
+e. . "}) + [ -r2ll = u - r,'. -
lz(.' fi
L.H.S,>4andR.H.S.s4
=
lr(,
' . ))+ r-r,,1 =u -(r*-,.
#]
Equation will satisfy at r = *1.
.'. ft = -1 and x2 =L
Now' {;i['.[*"('.Pa)]l*
lJ
-!)
1+ {r}
=1-1+1{r} = -!!- .[0.]l
1+ {r} I ' 2,1
tu.rl {'} , . t urrd lrrr,l {'l ll = o

')
\.1+[r] ) ',. \1+{rll]

,il3\*=ffio. o<x<4;osL3y {Xl=;
=!(t]o 1 .t6=2
4\2)o = 8 Ans.
47. [:' xf 'k)d.x = *2ft*3)d*

^-rl;
lc3 =t
= 3x2dx = d.t
[]? xf '(ddx = r- I:' fodt

ff' *f'uta* +fi' floa* =x
(f(x)+xf'(x))d.x =(xf(d)37
^= l:'
7'=27f(27)-O
=Zl.l=g {.../isdecreasing... f<ZZ,=f,t Ans.
48. g(x) - n* * Jo""' e'dt

cos2, +2tsinx-t2
J
Kirg
= g(r) = o'2t *"sinx l"'"-

Jo L'3!
L_tz
g(0) = I
:+ fl1)=0
g'(x) = ?zk e'' dt
+ sec.r + ruit'. cos, lo"'o' t-tz
g'(0) = 3
g(f(x)) =x
effkD-f'(x)=l
s'(f(l)).f'(1)=t
g'(o)./'(1) = 1
= f'(D=!
g"(x) = 4eb + secr .tanr + secr + rsinr ..o.,
ft"" #
8(0) = 1
8'(0) = 3
g"(O) = 5 Ans.
49. (x2 +r+1) P(x-1)=(r2-*+l)P(r) ...(i)
Since, x2 +* +land x2 -x+Lhavenofactor
Let p(x) = (x2 +r + 1)g(r)
from (i), gk -D = g(x)
:=) g(r) = g(r + 1) periodic
=
A polynomial is periodic if it is constant.
g(x) = k
= P(x) = k(xz +r + 1), P(1) = 3
= P(x)=xz+x+\
Now, Jo
""'(,.fi;5)* =l_:,lTtl.,_
= Jo tan '[;az;;m _ x + z) )
d
= J'(tan-1(r2 +x + 1)- tan-l (x2 -x +L))dx
| f- I + cot-1 (x2 *
2' """ \* - ' D)a,
= lo (
cot-r (x2 + x+ 1) - x+ -,)*
(2
i 2
= fn' {cot-l(r - x +1) - cot-l(r2 + x + l)) d.x
= fi [*-' (, *L) - tan-l (#;))*

.(
dI )
=ln' I tan-lr - tan-r(r - - tan-l(l+r) + tan-rx ldx
-[ ol*
1)
)
= f tur,-', dx + [1 tan-l * a* - f,tan-l(r + r) +
lj tan-1 r
I t"'-'(tfu) a*+!i,'n-1(1 +x)d'x
= 3loo t"'-'' a. ='lX- ; t']

=a[tu"-''''lb-fi#]
= ,[; - i -r] = 1,*- ztnzt
= 9[n- l'4]
+ k=12 Ans.
h1k)=g(101e)=10r-1
h2@) = h{l}x- 1) = 102r - 1.1
hs(x) = hr{L}z *- L1) = 103r - 111
hok) =lO"x - 111...11
-;ffi-
I, = !1, 10"(1-9r)dx = 2.10"
2011 20tt 20(102011 - D
Zt" =2>10'
n=l n=l
= 2(10+102 +...+102011)=
I
Hence
s( 2oGo2o11 - 1)
_t 102011 = 10il
20[ )-'=
+ N- 2011 Ans.
Application of
Derivatives
Exercise-
t.
2. F(x) = elxlclx
[ - x2013 - )c2072 -gr2 + gx +C,
where C is constant of integration.
P(x) = x(rr - 1)(r 20'1 - 8) * C
flO) =F(1)=F(8v2orr)=C
* F'(x) = 0 has atleast two real roots. (Llsing Rolle's theorem)
I rl
Note that P(x) = 6 5r. exactly two real roots in r e I g, gzoir Ans.
L] I
3. For negative point of inflection -320 . O;

,,
Alternative lt" 1- I = 0, get ?' and put r < 0
,l*i
f 'k) = ax? + 2(a + 2) x+(o - 1)
f"(x,t =?nx+Z(a+2)=0
.+ *=-9:3<o=9t2rg
,oa
4.LeLfrc:t=l 1+ 1 lIr* 1 I
\ sin'u/\ cosrcr./
-11
=I+-- +
o.
sin"-+- cos" cr. sin' o cos' <I
Ap p Iic ati.on o f Deri r ati,ues
t
283
Now, f 'fu) =o
+ coscl, = sincr
=n/ 4
l2and between two maxima, there is
Hence, l'(tr) is maximum at cr = 0 and a = r.
one minima. Hence, a = rl 4 gives the maximum value of f(cr) and is pdven by
fG/0 =1L+2"/2)2 v Ans.
5. f(x) = ssb:)
f 'k) =
"st').g"(r)
Check the nature of g'(r),
g(r) is increasing (t) in (t, 2) u(3, -)
and decreasing(J) in (--, 1) u(2,3)
g(r) is continuous V r e .R
But non-derivable at r = 1, 3
g(r) has local maximum at x = Z Graphofg{x):lx2 4x+3 l:l(x .1)(r- l),
and local minimum atr = 1, 3. Ans.
.o I -u2-4x+3t r € (-q,, 1) u(3, -)
Aliter: We have, fi;-) = = il_,..r_n.,*r,
"lr"-4r+31 r€[]"31
l(,
4 *\ - la* - 2t "{x2 -4x+3), r e (- -,

tt, \'Lt-
t
. 1) u(& *)
l-'t' -21''-txz'+'*'"'e(1'3)
Clearly, f(r) is continuous for every r e R but non-derivable at r =t3. Also
f '12')=A= f '(2-)"
-'+-.f
# I 2
-oo 3 ty)
ixl 4x-3
Graph of y : f(x) --el Sign scheme of y = f'(r)
Clearly, /(r) increasing t in (1, 2) u (& -) and f(r) decreases J in (--, L) u (A B).
Also, f(r) has relative minirnum at x = 1and.r = 3.
/(r) has relative maximum at x : Z Ans.
GRB prottems in Culculus (Hints & Solutions)
6. "v= *'-4ll =%'

3 dxlp 3
3 *r1
,, b, = rr't -15 = bflt +Gx, = -g*, * 4u
.'. mN = --
*2 *2
Putyl =?,*" get2.x1'1..9a, -45= 0; 2.x! +27xr-13b=0 rr i,-:l
U! G, - 3) + 6r, (r1 - 3) + 4E(x1-B) = 0
@1-\Q-x! +6rr +45) =0:+11 =3
7. Consider a function g(x) = xf(y)
Obviously g is continuous in [0, 1] and differentiable in (0, 1)
As f(1) = 0
d0)=6=g(1)
Hence, Rolle's theorem is applicable for g
f some c e (0, 1) such that
8'(c) = 0
xf '(r) + f(r) = 0
.
cf'(c)+f(c)=o Ans.
8. Applying LMvr over f(r) forr e
1", +)
,(cr)
rat 2 .r(a+b\
f =r(".f)-
(9 (6-o)'[ 2 I
11
[z )
( a+b\
"''[.'' , )
zr(g-Y?\
lllty f'kz) = -+#, c2 €(+, r)
Applyrng LIVTW over y - f'(x) in [c1, c2l
f,,(x)=f'(e)-f'(c)
cz-ct
- < 0, where r e (cr, cz) Arrs.
We have,
Ji" t"ilr, +t cosx)d.r = I +,

Application of Deriuatiues 285
and I = fo' (sinr +r cosx)zd,x

=f" {rirr' x +t2 cosz x +t sin?tc)d.x
=1+*!+t=!t'+t+!
4444
So, lety=ff)=L,
,lat2 +t +a
where a = I (sav)
4"
For maximum or minimum, /'(f) =0
f '(t) =,ET+t +a - -.gf- (?nt +t) = O

2rlat2 +t + a
Z(atz +t + a) -(t +L)(?nt + 1) = 0
1 (2at2 +2t +?n)-(2nt2 +t +?rlt + 1) = 0
+ t +ful-%tt -l=O
+ (r-D(1-tu)=0
t =t
Hence, maximum value occur att = lwhich is lies in the interval fq, :). Ans.
\4'2)
10. Assume f(x) = x3 + * so that g(x) = x};h(x) = x
rgt2
and F(d = *3 -1* +*
F'(x)=Uz -"fgx+t
D =3-12<O
F'(x)>0VreB
+ F'isincreasing+(A) Ans.
11. We have f(x) = cotx - Jicosec r - "ot{ - J2
sln.r
sinr (- sinr) - (cos* - JZ)
So, /(3) = "or*
sin2 r
=
-1+J7"o=,
sin2 r
286 GFIB Proble ms in Ccllculls (Hints & Solution,s)
-+ ccs_L- 1r
_=J= -€(0.n)
I
"'12 4
+x-axis
01 1t
4
ipoinl ol loual md\lmum)
Sign scherne of f '1r)
f(rlt l
l-\\
T,
\ 4/iand f?tJ o"lt4 nl.)
onlo,
'l
Atso, rim f(x)
.r ;0r
= ri* f 999' : f -, --
r ,0-l Stn.f )
and lim /(r) = Iim f so"l - 'tr1 - --

xil ,--*-[ strlr )
Craph of tlr) - cot o ,-[.o.",, x in (0, r)
and /(r) is also continuous on (0, n).
Clearly, f(x) <0 V r e (0, n)
At r = I ta local maximum point),
4
So, flr) takes its absolute maximu.m value also at x = L.

4
Hence,absolutemaximurm valueof f(
'\ x= +'].= t- Jit,fit = l- 2= -l Ans.
4)
12. As F'(0)= 0cos($+a),where0+ae (0, rc)
For maxiurum P'(0) = 0
lnz ^=0or0=I-q
F"(.0) = cos(0 + cr) - 0sin(O + q)
In \ ti-
F"l9l>0and F"','\-c tl <0 = Maximaat.r = -u
\2 2
Now, F is increasing o, o.[0, 1- ][^.0.0+ u< n, so0+er=

-"=0=l/_" _")l
L2
" /L 2 \2
t t -l
and Fis decreasingon e.
[ ; - ", ; I
We have F( e) = [o
r0
* cos(* + atdx
l_ v _
I.B.P.
= 0 sin(0 + cr) + cos(0 + u) - cos <r

_lr I r
F.,* =ol;-
- ")=,;- u -coscr Ans.
287
[(r-tttr-9)
| *(r - 1)(r -9)
if r e (1,9)
2
x(?,tc - 10) - (r - 10r + 9)
f '(*) =
x"
2x2 -lox - x2 + 10r -9
,
x,'
x2 -g (r -Bt(r +3)
x',) ,
x.'
for r € (-*, 1) u(9, *)
fln;x1>3andltnl"rl.:
for r e (1,9)
F'rom the graph(--, - 161 u [4, -). Ans.
Aliter I : For the given condition to be satisfied, the value of ft must lie between
the slopes of line OA andOB.
For slope of line 0A,
*\x2 - 10r + 9) - lsr must have equal roots.
* (h- 10)2 -36 = 0
-1 k=4, 16
:+ h=4
For slope of the line OB,
x2 - 70* +9 = kx must have equal roots.
.+ (&+1012-36=0
k=-4,-16
h e [4, -1 e (--, - 16]
Aliter2zx2-10r+9=*kx
x2 -(LO+ k)x +g =O
D=(10tbz-36=O
10+&=+6
k=-16or4
and 10-&=+6
lz=16or4
288 GRB prottems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Now, draw the graph of y = lx2 - tOr + 9l

fu =o.whenr =5
dx
Y(5) = -16
Fory = &r to intersect y = lt2 - 10r +91,
h>-4ork<-16
Hence, ke(-*, - 16] u[4, -). Arrs.
14. fk) = f e'-t dt +
!1
et-'dt
f(x) = e' f e-' dt + e-*
f e'dt
f(x) = e'(1- e-') + e-* (e - e')

f(x) = e* + eL-* -2
f'(x)=e'-er-* =O
*:f 2
*=,
1 Graph of y = (x) in [0, 1]
X,=-
2
f"(*) = e* + eL-* > 0 =Minima
f(o) ='- litnt."i*um
value
f(l)=e-r)
,(;)= zd; -1) -+Minimumvalue Ans.
ooat
15. Consider f(O = 9--
x
Now, -e"o"'(1 +rsinr)
f '(r) = I
x'
f'(x)<0 + f@) > f$)
^ eco"* ,cos9
DO,
ctp
Ct
:+ ncosa-cosP t Ans.
B
16. Given cosclt cosc{,2 - cosc[s... cosc[n
= sinc,r sina2 ... sincr,

y = (cos a1 ) (cos cr 2) ... (cos a o ) (sin a 1 ) (sin a 2)
(sin cr 3 ) ... (sin o o )
tM-T y 2 = (cos crr ) (cos ct 2 ) ... (cos cr o ) (sin cr 1 ) (sin cr 2) . .. (sin a, )
-2n= 1
y' (.ir, 2cr1) (sin 2a2)... (sin 2 crn )
App li cation of Der iu atio e s 289
y3,, =1
20
I
=+ Jmax
24/2
lM-zl
1*El'.'t > (1 + tan2 s.)u2 = tancr,,
1+ tanz a, 2 2tancrl seccr,l sinct2,.. sincrn > 24t2

sec2 o1 > 2tana1
sec2 a2 > 2tancr2
sec2 cr, >- Ztar,c. n
COSCLl COSTX2 ... COSCtrx Ans.

= ;,
17. Given a1a2...an = e
Consider a1a2 ... a n4 + a + ?tL n
AM>GM
at * az * "'* futn (ap2as...h)Yn
2.
n
= (?c)il"
*...* ao-1 + ?tt, ) n(2p1u"
a7 + a2 Ans.
18. We have, flr) = 2.x3 -3(2+ p)x2 +72px + 1n(16 - p2)
Now, f'(x) = 6(x2 -(2+ p)x + 2p)
=2
.'. f- '(x) =o<*
_r=p
A", flr) has exactly one local maxima and one local minima
So, p*2 . ..(i)
Also, 16- p2 > O
p2 -lG <o
=
=(p+4)@-4)<0
+ -4<p<4 ...(iii
.'.The possible integral values of p are -3, -2,-1, 0, 1, 3.
+ The total number ofintegral values ofp are 6. Ans.
a)*3 Br + sina
Let f(r) =("'=- -
\a" +2)
a)*'
f '\*) =s.("'=- -s
\a2 +2)
As, / is strictly decreasing on .B
290 GRB
So, fulll=o
\a'+2)
+ a) - 4.0
:+ a e L-2,21 Aros.
2o' f'(") =3x2 -6px +3(pz -tl
=g(xz -2px + p2 -D
= 3(r - (p - 1))(r - (p + 1))
Here,, p-1>-2
+ p>-Landp+7<4
+ p<3
pe(-t3)
So,(pz -p)=3-(-1)=4
Ax (x _ 2)e,
21. Let ' = l;,
flr)
,cz
f 'k) =
xl
So, from above Saph,
", +
So, c,'in = 2 Ans-
22. (x2+4x+1)2+o-1=0
(xz + 4x +L)2 = L- a
f(x) =(x2 + 4x +1)z
--\--*\t
\/
For four distinct solutions \l
1-ae(0,9)
-o e (-1,8)
\l\l
o e (-8, 1) Ans. \ /
z*,[i
f'(x)= cos4r+sina x+ pq-q) -1<0 V q€ R.v r e R

q2 - pq+1 > cosa r +sina x Y qe R,V x e R,
q2-pq>0Vge.B
p2 <o
P=O Ans.
By Rolle's theorem
f(1) = /(3)
:+ a+b+ 11-G = 27a+9b+33-6
= !fu+4b+11=0 " '(i)
Now, f '(x) =fux2 +?.bx +ll

So, f'(z**)=o
.
t Jsl
.2
* *( z*+) + 11 o
= \ 1\"
sof r*
JB, I JBi = lUsing equation (i)l
= 6a+b=0 ...(ii)
.'.On solving (i) and (ii), we get
s=\b=-6 Ans.
25. We have, P(f) = 1,000 -t 1000'-
lOO +t2
+ p,(t) = 1i999951')
eoo +t2)2
.'.Put P'(t) = 0
= t=+100
Also, [P"(f)jr=ro <0
so, p,,"*(r = L0) = 1000 + ,10-oo I19" = t0b0 Ans.
100 + (10)'
26. f(*) is increasin*,|*":::lin class)
g(x) =
[r.' i] >o
- r''*r'[r"*l]
-'
s'(x) =[t. r,)'
[,,
* r(* - i) . r"(*j)]
= [r * 1)'.' [r.r1' * r'l* r -
\ ri L \ x ) x )
dl
Let, x+L
x
-u;fotx>o,ue(!-)
Consider hlu) =lnu+L-u
h'(u)=1-r.oin(!-;
u
Hence, hlu) is a decreasing function in (1, -)
h\u) < h\l)
h{u)<0 [butA(1)=0] \
g'(r) <0
+g is decreasing lu
.'. / is increasing and g is decreasing (B) .{ns.
=
-?n
[-,
+& r<-
x. <-1
27. f(x) =| 1
1, t\ 2)
xxee tl,
Ir%c--a yx )'.
>2
rt,dx + !:(Lr -B)d.x
,=.|r"r(-2?,cc + 3)ddx
"*J
g
')f il!+
2
= (-r.x- +3x ,+((r)l +(x2 -3x)32=2+3+2=7
r-
M=1"jN. -00 ).C

a)
M2_-N 2 +1,rc -3
2
=-n Ans.
I
AI
O
28. t2
I
e5+
.'. Slant height = 13
As, g=9
r
S=r0
+ 2n(5) = 130
10n
0=-- Ans.
13
29. \;=r*lnx:v=-"
2'-2
lr,2
At .1+r, (lnr+1)lnr
dx =r,
x =7nmr =9,- = 1
)c
At x=7rrnz=4Y
dx=2'l!2=z
lrt2
tan$=l---l
lz-rl=-1 Ans.
11+ 21 3
(1-f)sino+f tano> ev e.lo, 1)

\' 2)
o-sino ve=l,0.1)
,, tan0-sin0 \'2)
/ > maximum value o u=
"f *## [0, ;)
'l
Now,' in i'0, I *., g > 0 and the same quantity is subtracting from Nr and.Dr.
\'2)
App lico.tion of Deriuatiues 293
Hence, maximum value occur at 0 -r 0+
H"rr"e, f>1 Ans.
Aliter: Let f(0) = (1-r)sino +, tano - em(0, i)

f'(0) =(1-f)cos0+fsecze-1
(1-f)cos30-cos20+,
f '{o)
cos2 o
, (1 - coss 0) - cos2 0(1 - cos 0)
f'(o) =
cos2 o
(1 [ 2o
- coss o) cos _t
cosz
L--:nJL
o I cosz o0+,cos 0 + 1l
+vein (0, r/2)
I
f'{r) =0'- V-
sec20+sec0+1 )=
["".e*1)'nB
2) 4
l. \
,11
(-.,1ru1-*=u
Ir,
=]thenf'(0)>0 =) /tV 0.(r,;)
= f(0) > f(0) but f(0) = 0
f(e) >o v oe
/-
n\
Ans.
't'u'rj
31. at x = -Ll3,y =logz}
-logr(-r),
y =llogzlrll= -1<r <0
dy -1
d.x=-1.(-1)_
ln2 (-r) xln2
dyl B
il*|,=-ur- -ln2
.'. Equation of tangent at (-1l3, log2 3).
y -ro1zs = -+f, *
lnz\. 1)
g)
yln2- ln3 = 3r + 1
lx - yln2+ 1+ ln3 = 0
px+yln(q)+ln(3e) -0
1
P=3,q= ,
7
+ P+q= I
r=
2sin(lnr)
32. f '(x) = cos(lnr)
+ V5
lcosttnrla + 3 si.r(Inr))
r;
; \ JsJs )
J5 . sin(lnr + u) where tm o = f
=
xz
For increasing, f '(x) > A
+ 0<lnr+cr<?r
- -cr<lnr<?r-c[
nfi- a < lnr < nTc+ n- a
+ enn-a <x<ent+r-a.
.6cos(p - l.) = JEcos(nn+ n- c--(nn- a)) = -J5 Ans.
x-9' y-
_+:_=I
33. xu! + Yt3 -
"atz a2 b2
xxt
2
*-r, *2 n-r, 4 o =
. !!r. t
3 3' dx a2
-+-=I b2
dy
dx- -v!'
*y,
n!3
t_tt=_"ir@_x)
yxya -yfi13 =-y{'*+xfl{3
yl'* + *l' y = *Y'y"@l' + y?3)
xy "
*Ys
-+ vYs
,ffir.Jh a
a2 bz
-f-=I
o * b
=.il'
"13 *t''
"u3
=vt'' -
o2 b2
1
"/3
a2
^-qr| -- --;;;
-{,1
c"'
.ty1tii991j97 9l Deytr,:!it, c1 295
^-2r3 _
a
'{r -,*| f
'-' r'
- *?,+u?3=o*!!
lil{''' ,1" = ,,1n) 'u3
.)/1 a+b
"
"u3
:=) nlb=C Ans.
Lllearlv" R<ille's theorerp:ir;6pplrcable for the function flr) in t-L 11.
r,r.os(| ) - o
Alsr, i 'fii = lipr- \I' = O
,'0 lt
ol Ane.
!:=
35. F'rom graph
36.;'rr)=r3-3r+l
f'k) = 3(u2 -1) = (r + 1) (r - 1)
f(r) is increasing in (--, - 1) u(1, *) and decreasing in (-1, 1).
Now, f(-2\ = -l f(1) = -1
f(-1) = 3 f(2) = 3
f(0) = 1
fcz)- /(-D <o + Hence one root lies in(-? - 1)
Ixl = -2
Now /(0)-f(1) <0
= Hence one root lies in (0,1)
[r2] =0
Also f11)-fQ) <0 + Hence one root lies in (1.2)
[ra] = 1
So, 13 -3x +l=O 1:\r,

=.r1 +xr+xg-0
{x1l + lx 2l + {rs} = x1 -lx1l +x 2 -!x21+ r, - [r3l
296 GRB proUterns in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= (*r * x2 + xs) - (k1J + [r2l + [r3l)

=0-(-2+0+1)=1, Ans.
87. m> 1- +
xx'
m>f(x)l^*Vr>0
2-x
l'\x) = ^ i
x'
Maximum occurs at x = 2 0 2
m > f(2)
*>L4
'l
smallest m is j. Ans.
= 4
38.
5-a>0 = o<5anda>0
.'. Possible integral values of a are l, 2, 3, 4. Arrs.
sD. fk) = $[4 - x' - 3)2 + 6[4 - x' + r)3
Let 4-x2 =a
+ o e [0, Zlfor x eI-Z 21
f(a) = (a -3)2 +(o + 1)3

f '(o) =fu2 +8n-3
= f'(a)=o
= a = ll & -3 (to be rejected)
+ fh)will be minimum ato. =1/3and correspond, = *\ff
and fla) will have maxima either at, a = 0 or at a = 2.
Now, /(0) = 10 and f(2) = 28
+ f(o) l** = 28 correspondingtor = 0 Ans.
Application of Deriuatiue s 297
o4nl3
40. I=f t"-sinr)dx+ff-" (sin*-c)dr + I_. (, - sinr)dr
iv
r =
"(+o- ?). (n*-., - 3)
/(cr) = ,i,, o (+o - ?)
. (n *'" - l)
/'(u) =0
+c[=- IE
6
1
Ans.
2
41. f(") = 2-xB - 27.x2 +78x + 24
f '(x) = 6(x2 -7x +L3)
f'(x)>0vre,B
= f(x) is increasing function -
Now, flflf(x) - Zxo)) > f(f(?n" - fkD)
+ flk)-2n3)>f(ue -f|gD - f@)-?ns >bu -f(*)
* f(x) 2 ?-xa = 7x2 - 26x-8< 0
= ..1-?.n1 L7 .l
42. We must have
lx
t^l I 2l
lft*l 3 rzl= o
l51 6 1l
.'. r(3 -6x2) -].$k) - 5x3) +2$f@) - 15r) = 0
+27x
'f(x)=xs 11
f'(x)=t#>ovre.B
Option (A) is correct Ans.
=
43. Let f'(x) = xu7
Apply LMvr in [3,5], f '(a1)= q#
+ f(5)
loro' -
7', -f$),
2
o1 e (3, 5)
Again LMVT in [7,9]

,(a.\ f$) - f0 | f@) - f0) .a, e(7,9)
'f '' - 7--g = 7o;a, ' - 2
f,b) =(gr\o' ,,
f 'h2) [", /
+ f '{a) > f '(a)+fl5) - F(3) > f($ - f{T = fG) + f(T > /(3) + f(e) Ans.
Niter z f(x) = *t' -(x - 2)117 and f '(r) <0 in [5, 9].
, 98 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Linked Comprehensiorr Type
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. I to 3

(i) o=1
flu.)=8r3 +412 +2hx+l
f 'k)
= 24x2 + 8x + 2b = \12-x2 + 4x + b)
For increasing function, f' (x\ > 0 V r e R
D<0+16-48b<0
=+ a> 1+(C) Ans.
3
(ii) Ifb=1
f(x)=8x3 +4ax2 +2-x+a
f '(*) = 24x2 + kx + 2 or 2(l?*x2 + 4ax + l)
For non monotonic f '(x) -:0 must have distinct roots.
Hence D>oi.e.,l6a.2 - 48>0
:* a2 >3;
arjlo"o.-JE
a e 23,4,.......
sum=5050-1=5049 Ans.
(iii) If 11, r2 and.rB are the roots
then log2 11 + log2 x2 + log2xB = 5
log2(xp2xs) = 5
x1x2x3 =32
-9=22=a=-25G Ans.
8

FG) =i forot = F'(x) = f(x)
0
For 0<r<1
1[*)'
F\x)=ltt-twt=lt-:-t
'o L 2)o
F(x)= * -*1o
L
Ap p I ic ation. of De,:Ug! rr:! 299
and F(1) = 1
2
for 1<x 32
1r
FG) =itt - oo, *i1 a, = l* o
01
+ F(x) is constant
For 2<x <3
l2
F(x) =i roro, *l rtttat *! t<ttat =
l* o-
i,,
- 2)2 dt = ,.'+
F(x
*-*' if ocrSl,
2
1
if L<x<Z
,
I G -2)3 if 2<x
_+- <3 lt6 i 1/2
23
(ii) Range ofP(x) from tfr" n"rf,
[0, f]
(iii) Area =
i"trl a* + o*
!*lrP1
=
i["
- *)*. ;. i[;.[-#))*
4l' (r 2ta
=ft- * 1 *[l * - l3
12 6 .lo 2 1.2 tz ),
=;.li- *). [(; . +)-,,]
=1*1*f-=6+4+7
23L21212 -17 Ans.
Paragraph for Questlon Nos. 7 to 9

We have g(x) = *' + g" (l)xz + {3g'(1) - g"(l)- I r + 3g'(1)
Let g'(1) = o and g" (L) = b then
g(r)= x3 +bx2 +(3o-b-t)x+k'
Differentiating both sides w.r.tr
g' (x) = 3x2 + ?lx + (fu.- b - 1)
Put.r = 1=g'(1) =3 + ?b+ 3o - b - l+a = b +fu + 2+?n, + b = - 2 ...(i)
g"(x)=6x+?b
Putr = 1
g" (l) = 6 + 2b=b =6+ 2b+b = - 6 ...(ii)
.'.From equation (i), we get a = 2
:.g(x)=x3 -6x2 +llx+G
Given f(x) = xg(x) - t2ac + l= x4 -613 + 11g2 -6r + 1
= (x2 + l)2 - ?acz + tlx2 - 6x3 - 6x

= (x2 + L)2 - 6x(x2 + 1) + (Br)2
f(x) = G2 - 3x + 1)2 = th(x)12 (Given)
&(0) = 1
h(x) = x2 -3x +l
(i) /(r) =(x2 - 3r + 1)2
* f' (x) = 2 (x2 - 3* + t) (2x- 3) = 0 =)r = 3 - "6 .'2g rrra 3 + JE
2 2
Sign scheme for f'(x) will be
Clearly, /(r) has local maxim a at x =t ura local minim a at x =9-1f

.'.f(*)hasexactlyonelocalmaximaandtwolocalminima. =+ (C) Ans.
(ii) We have g(r) = *3 - Gxz + 11r + 6
g'(x)=kz -L?-x+tt=B(r- z)2 -t=g[t, -2f -!1

L3l
:.s'(x)> 0=+ .(--, r-*)'(r. <0+* e -
" *, -)r,a s,@) [, *,,. *)
8(r) monotonically increases for . .(- *.1-
+)"['.*'-) and
monotonically decreases for r .( , - L, ,+ +)

( Js' Je)
For r e [],3I
gk) =(r - 1) (x - 2) (x -3) + 12
=+ g(1) = 12 and g(3) = 12
.'. By Rolle's theorem in [1.3] we have, g'(c) = 0
,=2t+
J3
(both e (L 3))
.'. There exists two distinct tangents to the curve y = g(r) which are parallel to the
chord joining(1, S(1)) and (3, g(3)).
Ap p lication of Der iu atiu e s
301
For f,€t0,41
g(0)=6and8(4)=18
.'.By LM\rT
g'(c)=ry+ +k2 -l2c+11=3
4-0
- kz -tZr +8=0
, (bothe(g,4)
s=l+:-
J3
...There exists exactly two distinct Lagrange's mean value in (0, 4) for y = g(x).
Ans'
=+ (D)
x2 -Br + 1= (, -
(iii) we have D(r) =
il' - i
The curve , = hlx) is an upward parabola, intersecting r axis at two distinct
points.
;. h(r) has exactly one critical point (i.e., the vertex) and no any point of inflection.
22f
Atsoa(r) =o+, = 1* ftothe (0,3))
:. hl.x) = 0 has exactly two distinct real zeroes in (0, 3) + (C)

Every quadratic function has exactly one tangent on x-axis or parallel to x-axis. Ans.
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 1O to 12
B(x)=r-frwhere n=lfOa, ...(i)
0
f(x) =, . t- xis{t)d.t =! *r -, ia - Hdt

,: / o \lX
2 *r-*lL-Hll
=*"
12 )lo
4 * r-,{t- prl= L+ kxz
=
2 t2 )
f(x)=!+kxz ...(ii)
From (i)
r ^'1
%=l=k=!
o 3io=L*43 =
n=io+kt2)dt=r*A'l 3 2
:. g@) = *-3 is linear with slope 1 and cuts the Y-axis at 9=(B)
lincarwithslooela ,
i,=+g
q^-2
Also /(r) =, * Twhich is a quadratic polynomial = (D)
Now f'(x)1, =3rr =1

1
= Ir ,3- -
-
9t=L+-.-=I*-=-
31- 7 7
29 6 6 xr'Yr).
Hence, ^"(! l\
[g' e.J
Perpendicular distance from P on the line y = * - Z

11_7_31 l_5_31
4=ls a: zl=l u
:l--u-l=l-r-l 2l l-tl 7
IN2I N'
Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. tB to 15
(i) Let xB - Axz = rt,bx - 2x2 =pandBbr -8=y
laFvl
t'l
Now, Xrt =10 r "l= -(a +B+y)(a2 +92 +y2 - ag-Fy-yct)
lr,'Pl
= _JgjP JI [(cr _ 0)2 + (F _ y)2 + (y _ u)21
.'.A(r) = ](r' - 612 + 4bx - 8)

2
(r3 - 4x2 -bx +?tc2)2 +(bx -%2 -lbx +8)2 +(86r -8-13 -4xz)2)
Hence, A(r) = l:_ 6.1j!:_ 9
l ttcI
i-
:. "."' +zbx+8)2 +(r3+
!'
!_?t -b'-b*)'+(zcc|
1],t-
g(r" )
4x2 -Bbx +B)2)
ltt
-'
Now, f(x) =0 =+r3 - 6x2 + 4bx -S = <- I,
\^,
Also A.M. = 1', + )', + )-, =6 = 2
1
and G.M. = (8)i = 2

'.' A.M. =G.M. +lr - Lz = ),s - Z
Hence, )"r)", + r,,r7"r+ l-3),1 = 4b*4b=12+ b=3. Ans.
Appli catio n o f D er iu atiu e s 303
(ii) Givens(r) -l bx)2 + (2x2 + Zbx + 8)2 + (.r3 + 4x2

=
i,r*t -'h2 - - 3br: + 8)2)
As g(r) cannot be zero for any real value of r' Ans.

(iii) We have Y = f(x) - 9x3
+ ! = x3 - 6x2 + LZfr - 8- gr3 (As b = g)
= !=(x-2)a -gxB
!!=l@-z)2 -27x2 =o
dx
x-2=+3r=r=-L1'2
Now, ^'r -- -21+9=-18
Jk=-t
and ^,r __27
-'.=;
JI
_9_-9
8 8 2
Hence, lyr- yz,=l-; .14=+ Ans.
Paragraph for $uestlon nos. 16 to 18

f(x) = xe.*
f'(x\ = e-' (L- x) = 0 +r = 1+B = 1
Also, Q-P=L ...(i)
Now, PN = QM
- qs-e
pe'-P
P'ee-n -,
peL = q ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
L , LeI'
Ans.
P=
rf_lirrlog= ;7:i
Alsomaximaoccurs atx = 1= B l- and f"(x) = - e-' -(1- r) e "'
=
= e-' (-L- 1 +r) = e-* {x - 2)
f'' (x) = 0 = r = 2 (which is the point of inflection)
Hence a = 2
0-9=1 Ans.
Again RQ=Q -1)and PR=1- P
(RO- PR)=(q-1)-(1-p)
=q+p-2
=
IEL L ^ LeL+L-?tL+2
s' -1
Let
"'-t- "'-r-z=
g(L)=I*L+L-?IL+2 (er-1>0)
g'(L) = LeL + eL + l- 2eL
(L-1)+1
=LeL +L-eL ="L
g"(L)=eL +(L-L)eL =I*L >O
g'(L) is increasing function
g'(L) > B'(0) (but g'(0) = 0)
g'(L) > 0
.'. g(Z) is increasing function
e(f,) > e(o)
s&) > g Ans.
(i) We have SQ- x) = g(2+r)Vr e .B ...(i)
Putting* = 4, we get
g(-2)=9(6) =0 (Given) Arre.
(ii) On differentiating (i) with respect to r, we get
- g'(2- x) = g'(2+ x)
Now, puttin g x = 0, L *e Set
|,
s'r+j
- - g = g'(1) - s' \2) = s'. (3) = u',(|)
\2)
So, clearly by using Rolle's theorem, for function y = g'(x)in intervals
t]' A;tzu,[*
[;' n'.
i]
we , ,aclude that the minimum number of roots of the equation 8"(x) =0 in (0, 4)
are 4. Ans.
(iii) We have g(2- x) = g(2+ x)
Now, replacing x by (2 - r), we get
g(x) = SG - x) + g' (x) = -g' (4 - x)
Now, t, -i sQ+ r) sinr dr
-r
Using King Property,
fr
h = J sQ- x)G sinr)dr

-ft
Onadding A, ="!@fz+x)- g{2-r))(sinr) d.x =o (Asg(2-r) = g(2+x)Yx e R)
Hence, ,, = O
4-
Also, let tz = [rr]^ ax ...(i)
4. 1
dr (APPlYrng King ProPertY)
Jo
*;ta;i
1t
Ir=l----: ^dx ...(ii)(Asg'(x)=g( -x)YxeR)
'o1*n-"'tt'
So, on ddding (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 \
%r='(
li*7". t;;^)ux = ilz=4 = I'=2
Hence,f2 > (. Ans.

Since minimum occurs before max,imum, so a < 0.
Also, oisroot ofxz -r -6=0
= a=-2
Let /uj=*3-bx2+cx+d
g(x)=-?-xa +bx2 +cx+d
=
So, g'(x)=-Gx2 +%x +c=-6(x +2)(x -2)
= b--O,c=24
=? a+b+c=-2+0+24=22 Ans.
(ii) Clearly, the equation ax2 +bx + c=0 is -?-x2 +0.r + 24=0 = x = + 2J5, so
roots of above equation are opposite in sign. Ans.
(iii) Since, minimum and maximum values are non-zero, so both g( - 2) > 0 and g(2) > 0.
Now, ee2)>0=d>32
Also, CQ)>A=d>-32
Then, q. = - Zb =A,c = 24, d>32
Hence, 4mallest positive integral = 33' Ans.
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 25 to 27

Since P(r) is a polynomial of degree 4 havingr = 1, \ 3 as critical points,
So P'(x) = A(x - 1) (r - 2)(x -B)
= P'(x) = A(xz - 6x2 + 1Lr - 6)
306 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Soluiions)
A
So,
'4 P(x) = 2@4 - 8rB + 2?n2 - 24x) + B ...(i)
As P(x=-1)=0 = B =-55 o ...(ii)

4
So, equation (i) becomes
P(x)=4(*n -8rB + 22n2 -24x-s5)

4
Now, ?rr*, o*- -1348

!, 15
,(+)io^ .220c2 - s5) dx = -1348
=5 -337A = ------------_.:f
-7348 A = 4
15 15
-
Hence, P(x)=xa -8x3 +22.x2 -24x-55
Clearly, P' (- t) = 4.(.- 2) (- 3) (- 4) = - 96 and P(- 1) = 0.
So equation oftangent to y - P(x) ata = - 1, is
(y-0)=-96(r+1)
Now,fory-intercept, putr = 0wegety = - 96. Ans.
1
(ii) + Pio) d.x

Ja-rl
-1
1
= tlr4 +8r3 + 2zx2 +24x - 5E)+(ra -8r3 + 22n2 -24x - 55ld.x

-1.
= ,lr*n + 2?.cc2 - 58) d.x = ,(+ . ?y-- u* I' _Jt,22 55)

o l.5 3 -Lt-a
)o \s 3 7)
_,[g+110-8zbl_
-"1 -L424 Ans.
1b l--18
(iii) Clearly, twc poirrts of local minimum are A(\ - 64) and B(a - 64).
A(1.-64) B(3,-d4)
Graph of y: P(x)
So, distance AB = Z Ans.
ication of Deriuatiues 307
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 28 to 3O
Area of OPBO I
ou fo
-iuo a*
-2
Area of OAPO 1
i r*, o" v:f(x)
0
i., ch = Bi fo, o.
0
'.' Locus of (a, b) is curve.

,
)t!=3[f<Oa"
0
On differentiating both sides, we get

*!*v=3v-*4
dx dx
=2Y
=
. rd,
l- =zllL
tyJx
= lnY=21o**l11c+Y=sc2
dY
1y=cx2
yx=b
(2,4) is on it
c=1
curveis !=x2.
(i) Any tangen tto Y2 = 8r is Y = mx + Z
m
Solving (1) with y = x2,we get
o
*2-mx-a=0
m
Put discriminant = 0 (for tangency)
+ ,-8
*'=i
+ nl,=-2
Equation of common tangent is y - - ?rc - | =?tc.+y+1=0. Ans.
(ii) Line through (3, 0)
y-0=m@-B)
Solving it with ! = x2
mx-3m=x2
= x2 - m* +\m=O
P(6,36)
Put discriminant = 0 (for tangency)
So, *2 -12*=o+m=o or m=12
Equation of tangents is y = 12t - 36 and y = Q.
308 GRB prottems in Calutlus (Hints & Solutions)
6
Required area = -Area of APA.l/
!*'a*
0
.216 *336
32
= 72 - 54 = 18 sq. units
Ans.
(iii) As locus of point of intersection of tangents at ends
offocal chord ofparabola intersects at directrix.

1
(i) S(r) = )c - k, where n = at {ft}
s.rorT
f(il ={2 *, -, i,, - h) dt= C2 * L-.,li--- - /,.,""l = 1+ kx2
I
i L2 |
n=io,+kt2)dt=L+L
0
= I which lies in the interva,

[*, :)
,ol
Hence f(il =t + l r'
'2
g(il=x-9
(ii) Now, minimum vertical distance between f(x) and g(r) is
f(x)-B(r)l*,,
\ff. 1)-(, ;)l
L\' ) .
=?(.2 -zx * !l= p
[i, ]1l
_ 1)'
2\ 3 3/ 2Ll 3) . el
Hen,ce, f(x) -g(r) l-6 =2"+ =1 Ans.
(iii) Since, perpendicular distance is the minimum distance.
Hence, distance of the pointP(r1, ]r) on the curve I = f@)from the curve y = g(x)
is least when tangent line at P is parallel Lo y"2=" - 1.
dYl
dxlprrg
=1+Br, =1=r, =f
(iv) Since vertex lies on y-axis. Hence f(lxl) = f@).
So, no points of non-derivability, as /( lrl) = f(r) is derivable for all real *. Ans.
4pg!rrg!::o" yf n_yl:yS!!!:y .

2ln(-x-t), -e-l<x3-2
-l
!(4-xz), -2<x<o
2
Given, f(x) = 0, r: =0
1.*'-4',, o..r<2
2
2ln(r - L). 2 S:r 'l r' -t 1
i2ln(*;-l) e"7ix<-2
Clearlv. s(x)'=r0, -2< x <2
I
l2tr-rr -1), 2<xse+1"

(i) From above graph of g(r ), range of g(r) is [0, 2] and g(r) = 0 in interval l- Z 21.
Also g(r) is an even continuous function. Ans.
(ii) Clearly, g(r)is non-differentiable atrc = ' Z
;J
2\ Ans.
(iii) Clearly, g(x) = & has exactly two distinct solutions, then integral value of k is
either 1-or2. So, sumofallpossibleintegralvaluesofh =L+ 2=3. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 38 to 4O

From above information, we must h ave f (x) = a(x - 4)3 + b(x - 4); a,be Rand'a +0.
and f' (4)= 0 = b = 0, hence f@) = a k - 4)3
f(i=a(x-4\3
2018 2018
(i)Let I- !fl*)a*- la{x-A)sdx
-2010 -2010
Put (r-4)=t*dx=dt
2014
So, I- latsat=o+(B)iscorrect. Ans.
-20t4
(ii) We have, fk) = aQ * 4)3, a + 0
, = fo) = a(x -al' * [f)l +4=x

I
1-t(xt= [l]'
\.d.)
* n
310 GRB Problems in Caleulus (Hints & Sol;ttions)
Now, /-1(r) + r-L(_*)= .,]. . -]

[(;)* [(*]*
=4+4=8,Vre.R
So, *'
1-r{z) + f (.- 2) = 8 = (D) is correct. Ans.
(iii) As, f(x) = a(x - 4)J
So,/'(x) =la(x - 4)2
Given f'(10)=20
5
= 36 x3a =20-a= 27
Now, 1't-2)=S * 3 x36 = 20=(C) iscorrect.
27

Wehave, f"(x) = a(x - 1),a > 0
Now, f'(*)=1t*-11)2+b ...(i)
2
123
As/'(-1) = 0=0 = %. + b=b = - ?n
.'. Equation (i) becomes
f,(*)=itr_t)2 _20.
+ ''il =1@
/1
6
- 1)3 - ?ttx + c ...(ii)
Also, f(0)=5=6c-a=30 ...(iii)

And /(-1) = 10 +3c + ?a, =30 ...(iv)
.'. On solving (iii) and (iv), we get
a=c=6.
So, from (ii), we get
Graph of
13 - gx2 -gx + 5
f(x) =
f (.x)=a3 -g*"t -9:u + 5
(i) The distance between the local meximum and local minimum of the curre f(x) =
distance between 1- 1 10) and (J, - 22).
= J(e + D4 + (-22 - 1o)2
= Jt6 + to24 -- fio4o = 4J65 Ans.
(ii) (A)/(r) = xB -gx2 -9r + 5 + f'(i =irx2 -6r -9
.'.f'(0) = - 9 = slope of tangent at point P, whose abscissa is 0.
= Slope of normal = :l'(o)= 1=

I T?ue.
f
Ap p lication of Deriu atiu e s
311
(B) As roots of f(x) = 0 lies in intervals e3, - 2),(0, 1) and (4, 5) respectively, so
there exist no c € (5, -) such that f(c) = Q. (True)' Ans'
1 I (*n 9" . - )'
Cl [ftxtdx = Jtr3a -3x2
^ e
-9x + S)dx - l-
[+
,
- x- - 2 1$a I
o o - Jo
=(!
\a -r-9+s)=11-q
2 ) 4 2
-17-18=j=True.'
44
Ans.
(D) flr) has local minimum at x = 3 + false'

-t
! 4:?
"
(iii) Given.B(r) = -a,
0
1 f ''(e-t I
g'(x)
" = 'e=-*
le-k -e-' +l)
Also, f(x) = xB -3*2 -gx + 5
=e f'(x) =gx2 _ 6x -g
=) f"(x)=6x-6=6(r-1)
So, f" (e-*) = $(e-' - 1). Hence, g'(x) =
!!Jt1::2
\e * -e + L)
*
As, denominator of g'(r) is always positive,
So g'G)<0forre(--,0)
g'(x)>0forre(0,-)' Arns.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 44 and' 45

Wehave, flw)=G-a)B +b ...(i)
Since, Rolle's theorem is applicable to g(r) atx = 1

So, g@) =8(b) andg'(2) = 0
+ g=f(b) -f@)+(a-b)f'(b)+3(b-a)z
and @ - 2)f"(2) +6(2- a) =O
l"(b) = l$):l@-+
b-a
3(b - a) ...(ii)
and f"{21=6 .-.(iii) (Asa*Zthink)

(i) As, f''(2) = 6 [using (iii) in (i)]
= 6(2-d=6 + a:L
312 GRB proOtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions\
(ii) Using (i) in (ii), we get
OE
(b-a)=o=9$=o
22
5
i,
f(r. -o' + !'l d* =32r Ans.
i\ 2) 64
fV@D=o3l*'-(2+b)x
\
+ 2b -:)(r, -(2+b)**rU-!),
a*O
Now, we shall consider B cases :
(x:5,y:2)
.'.2+b=10+b=8
9q ' --_::\
0.
Also,26 -1=25+16_
AA
25=1 e)
= a=--2
I Graph of f(x) =
;? t* -2)(x - 8)
Let, D = discriminant of - (2 + 0. * 2b - !)
[r2
=(2+b)2 - 4(*-i)=(2+8)2 -8r8* +_,1!
=100-64-144<0
So,flx) =lG-Z)tr-8)
9
_.) .)
- I (r -O'+2
-,
Case II : When *2 - (2 + b)* *('u -3) ='

n
_/\
cb
2+b=10=b=8
:+ 16-2d=8=r=-8
ag
Let D'= discrimin ant of ( *, - (2 * bl* + z.n - ?\
\ a)
=(2+ot, -+(zu-?\
\ a/
App lication o f D eriu at iu e s 313
=(2+8)2 *g*8+- 8
-819
- 64 - I > 0. So, above case is rejected.
= 100
CaseIrI:When. *2 -(2+ b)x +(zu-?\=0and *2 -(2+b)x + (ar-!)=o
/\roi,\[o/
5555
But, it is not possible for any real value of o and b. So, this possibility is also
rejected.
We conclude that '9
f(x) = a** - 2)k -8)
(i) From above graph of f(x\, we can say that the maximum value of f(x) is 2 and
attained atx = 5.
(ii) Let the line passing through O (0, 0) be y - mx
Solving ! = m^xandy-9= *U - $2 + 2;
_,
We get m* = -4 k - 5)2 + 2 :> I mx -- 2(x 2
- x + 25) + 18 2
+ (9 m - 20) x + 32 = 0
"9 tO
= ?*x
As, y = m.x is tangent line, so put D = 0.

:4x2xL6*(9m - 36, 4
= (9m - 2O)2 20) =+16=gm=20*16+m= 9',9
*=4.!'9 Ans.
oi,tlrrxiax =
[(+@
- 5)2 + z)ax= #[,r:*], .t
=A(o+27)+6=.
27
2+6=4 Ans.
Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. 49 and 5O

(i) f(x) = axg + bx2 + cx + 4
Solving with tangen t y = Y*

327I
axr + bxz + cx + 4- fll . Pq')
\3 27 )
/ ot}
=Klx+1|
-- \,-- g/ (i)
Put r =0
4-1oo
27=Kx9=K=t
27
7; a + b + c + 4 - 14
27 =W
Putr =
27
d.+b+c=6 Ans.
(ii) g = f'l
/(0) = 4
8(4) = 0
Now 4tu,r,rl at y =
cly
|
eO) + Yg'\Y)
Put y =4,49'(y) +g(y)
o= n
=n
f'@) c
Now to frnd C -+ differentiate (i) and put r = 0 to get C = 3.
44
_=_ Ans.
f'(o) 3
Aliter zf(x)=ax3 +bxz +cx +4 ...(i)
r
Given /"[f)=o-o\ ...(ii)
r'(a)j =,
'Ia B
...(iii)
__9
and r = -j lies on tangent to line.
3
70
1/=-
"27
I -9\ 70
Hence,
' fl-:l=-
'\3i 27 ...(iv)
Now, f'(*)=kxz +%x+c

f"(x) =6ax + %
/.)\
f"l; l= - +u + 2b =o
\d,/
+ b=Za
t-.(-2\
l-
4a
I 3---1C=- 4b 5
'[si 3 B g
4atu5+C=-
- 333
__4a+5
3
N,rv,-. f(-]\ =!9

'\3i 27
Applicaiion of Deriuatiues 315
70 _ _u _1+a + 5\?
+ 2n.! I +
27279\3)3
a=1rb=2andc=3
Now proceed. Ans.
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 5l and 52
(i) Let 8@) = tn?)dx
=x(xg-3tr5-5r3+15)+c
=x(xs -S)(r5 -S)+c
Clearly, f(0)=f(3vs) = f(|us)=c
...Rolle's theorem is applicable on g(r) in intervals [0,3u3],[3u', 51/51 and in [0,5u51.
'j y = xu' has alocal maxima atx = e
o<svs <3u3
.'. There exists at least one 'c', each in [0, 5v5] and in [5u5, 3v3] for which g'(r) =0
i.e., p(x) = O
:. p(x) = 0 has at least two real roots in[0, 3v31. Ans.

(ii) Given f' '(x) = p(x)
f'(*) = tn@)d.x
f'(*) = x(x3 - 3) (r5 - 5) + c
f'(l)=8
1(1-3)(1-5)*c=8
c=0
f'(*)=x(xs -g)(r5 -s)
:. f'k) roots. Ans.
= 0 has exactly three real

(i) Y-y=m(X-x)
X=0,f=y_mx
Given y-m)c=3/-L
*=!x
dy
dxx=L
Y=lnx+c
x=1;y=0;c=0
t=f(x)=lnr
(ii) s(r) x
lnr
g'(x)=l!9l
ln'x
Jin(0, 1)u0,e)
.'. Only one integral value.
Paragraph for Questlon Nos. 56 to

(i) Let 8(x) = e-* f(x)
=+
g' (x) = e-* {f' (x)
g(x) is increasing for
- f(aD > 0V
"ts
*e .E
<<,
x6x
.'. g(r) > g(r 6 )V r >xs
= e-* f (*r, n-* o f(xo
g--__vJ
) + fl r) > 0 Y x > x x I given f(r 6 )= 0] Ans.
0
^-a
b+r+
-L
k(k>0)
(ii) t"- 2
e'
,
b-x'
+.r + ---
Let f\il =
e*
2
8)
f'(x) = -(r -+
' o
?,e'
.'.flr) is a decreasing function V r
lim /(r) = 0 and lim /(r) = * also /(0) = 5
Hence graph of flr) is as shown and f(x) = &has exactly one root. Ans.
(iii) g'(r) =3x2 - A9 - a)r + 3(9 - o\{" \*z
Since,.r1 and lc2 are opposite signs.
.'. Product < 0
Product ofroots g - a2 <O
az >g*a € (_ *, _ B) u(8, *) Ans.
Application of Deriuatiues 3L7
l. f(*) = e* sec)c - Jicos* + *

f ' (x) =-" +1
"','r2""**[il"-.T
: r:i:r* :";.
Clearly, f(r) is minimum at x = -4.
4
/ \ ( -n
flr) l-i, = ,l+)= ^-t -;-)
[rz )
-x/4
r.
f,, (x)>
[+, I] r,,,,,,,
ov =
:+
' [sJ-'f'k)Y r.-Lg'g]'
'r'[r')= [-.1].
2. {x) = f(x) + f(?tt. - x)
0,(r) = f, (x) + f, (*t. - x)
Since, f" (x) > 0
= f'(x) is an increasing function

Hence f'(x) > f'(%t. - x)
=+ x>h.-x
= x>a
.'. f'(x) >0ifr >a*f(x)isTinfu,?n)
llllv f(x) is J in (o,o). Ans.
3. I'k) = J cos/ cos(a - t\dt ...(i)

0
r-
=J-cosf.cos(r -n+tldt (Using King Property)

0
n
f(x)=Jcosf.cosiG+t)dt .. .(ii )
0
(i) + (ii) gives

T
2fk\ = Jcost(2cosr -cost)dt
0
1 nl
:. fk) = cosrf cos2 td,t = 2cosx
!"or2 tdt
00
q
318 GRB Problems in Cc.lculus (Hints & Solutions)

7r cos.r
'2 =
f@) now verifu. Only (A) and (B) are correct. Ans.
-
Alternatively : Convert the integrand into sum of two cosine functions.
4. Clearly lim[/(r)] is an integer and LHL and RHL should be same
fo" of lim flr).
Let""i*t"*e
rimlfbc'il =hifi.e t).
Clearly, LHL and RHL both should be just greater than n as f(r)
is cont. atx = a
.'.flr) has local minimum at r = o Ans.
5. Consider the functi on ff rl = *1

Ex I r,
:+ fk)=e-'x- -f'(x)=r, It-tto'1
\.')
=r / is t in (0,e) and / is J (e, -;
Now, f(0 > fG)
11
3d >ni =) (A) is not correct.
I
=3n >n3
,-,2 .-.4
f llu r 22 rz :+
Again
\2) -(!lu
\2)
(C) is not correct.
(B) obviously true. Arrs.

Aliterz f(r)=sinr -)c+--6
f'(x) = cosx -r*{ 2
f"(x)=-sinr+.r
f"'(x)=1-cosr
Now analyse.
11
(c) (10)10 > (11)1r = (10)11 > (11)10 + (D) is correct. Ans.
6. We have
f(x) = xa (l - x\2, x e [0, 1]
.'.flr) being polynomial, is continuous and also differentiable.
Now, f'(x)=4x3 +6x5 -Lox4
and flO) = O = f (1)
= Rolle's theorem is applicable.
So, there exist atleast one c e (0, 1) such that f' (c) = 0
= 4c3+6c5 -10ca=0
?rc312 + k2 - ful
=
"
- O,\Z
Ap p lication of De r iu atiu e s 319
As c=?e(0,1)
Also, f" (c) =o
= !?.c2 + Soca- 4oc3 = o
21216 + l5c2 - 2ocl = g
=
*c = 0 orl5c2 - 20c + 6 = 0, will have two distinct roots.
Clearly, '(c) = 0 has three distinct solutions
f' = option (B) is false.
7. We have f'(x)=#>ovr>o
f'(*)=-q., 1->ovr>o
l+ x" l+ x"
= jf'r*rarriL,a*
Jrl+xz
r
= f(x) > tan-lr
- tan-r 1
So, f(r) + I , t.rr-' r, for allr > 0. Ans.
4
Note that in (D) equality holds at x = l and hence (D) is false.
(x
8. we have f(r) - - L)2-'e-^'
(l + x2)2
l) (xr :3x2 lx + l)
= f'G) =G - -+
(x2 + 1)3
'
""
Let g(r)= xB -k2 +5x+1,
E'(x) = 3x2 - 6x + 5, discriment < 0 so g(r) has only one real root.
Also, g(-1)g(0) < 0 so one root of g(r) = 0 belong to the interval (- 1, 0) say q,
,- sll' graPh of g(x): xt- 3x'+ 5x - I
(r - L)(r3 -3x2 + 5x +
Now sign scheme of f'(x) =
(r2 + 1)3
-
-ve +ve
Atr=1
-ve
Atr=a ct
Clearly, f(r) has two points of extremum, maxima at x e (- L 0) and minima at

r=1. Ans.
9. Clearly,
f(-t)=-f(L),flO)=0
For options (A) and (B), apply LMVT fbr the function v = fk) in I- l, 0l and [0, 1]
respectively.
For option (D), apply LMVT to the function y = (f(x))" in [0, 1]. Ans.
10. Given, f(x) ={tr- '1" 'r'(1- cos(2nr)), 0 <r < 1
[0, r=0
Note : /(r) is not defined ar 16 = I lbr a < 0 ..(i)
f G) is continuous at x = 0 but for continuous at x = L

f(1-) = f(d..)
2lim h" sin2 zh = 0
h+O
+ limh"*2 =0
h)O
a+2>0=a>-2 ...(ii)
Hence, (1)n(2)=G>0
Note : /(*) is differentiable in (0, 1). Ans.
, r
11. We have f(x) =i"-" tt - s) (r 2 -7t + 12)dt #
0
Signoff'(x)
f' (x) = "-"' (*- D (r
2
- 7x + 12)
= e-'2 (r - 3) (x * 4)(r - 5)
Now, verifr options (A) and (B)
As, f'(3) =g = f'(4) = f'(5)
.'.Consider y = f' (r),onr e [& 4]
As Rolle's theorem is applicable
So, 3 some c1 e (3, 4) such that f''k1) = 0.
Similarly, consider y = f'(x), onr e [4, Sl.
So, 3 some c2 e (4,5) such that f ' '(c2) = O.
There exists atleast two c1, c2 e(0, -) such that f"(c1)
= = 0 and f,,(c2) =O.
= Option (C) is corect
Now consider y - f''(x), x elcr, c21.
So f"'(c) =0forsomece (0, -)
+ Option (D) is correct
rz. (A) f(x) =;- 1,x e1l\ 4l
f(1)=1 +2=2=f(4)
'\-. 2 2
(Also, flr) is continuous and differentiable')
Now, f'(x) =0
= !-'==0=r =2e(1,4)
Zx2
So, Rolle's theorem is aPPlicable.
(B) f@) =r + 1 - ri,r e [0, il

f(0) = 1= f(L)
Also, flr) is continuous and differentiable'
Now, f'(x) =o =1- Zn =o
c) /-
+ 4* = -r=x =: e (0, 1)
t)'' -2<x <-l
(r) = lr + 113
\*/-r*' -r ={-('*
[{r+1)3, _1<t<0
f(-2)=1=/(0)
Also, f(r) is continuous in [- Z 0]
AIso, f'(-t-) =g = f'(- 1*)
f'(*)=0=r=-fe(-2,0)
= Rolle's theorem
So, is aPPlicable.
(D) f*;) = sgn\x) + sgnl.- x), x ' €[+, 1l
L 2'2)
k, f*,)=ovre[+,;]
theroem is aPPlicable.
=Rolle's
13.
Now, verifu alternatives.

Ans.
14. Wehave f'lu.)=(x2 -x+2)(x2 -x-2)(x2 -x-G)(x2 -x-12)
= (x2 - x + 2) (x - 2) (r + 1) (r - 3) (x + 2) (x - 4) (r + 3)
AlwaYs Positive
++-++
--' lt:tt-ti I*)i t '**
f(w'll on(- -, - 3) u G 2, - 1) u(2, 3) u(4,
and f(x) t qn (- A - 2) v (- 1,,2) u (A 4)

Also, flr = - 2) = 0 and f'(- 2) = 0
So, equation of normal is line x + Z = O.
Note that /(r) has local maximum at r
= - B, - l, B.
So, sum of values of x at which
f(r) has local maximum
=(-3)+(-1)+B=-1 Ans.
15. Given,f(f @))=-x*L
replacing x + f(rc)
=) f(f( f@))) = - f(x) + l
:+ fll-*)=-f(x)+1
=) '.'fG)+fT-r)=1
. ..(i)
Now, ,r =l f<*la" =i o, - x)d.x
00
:+ zt=l<ful+fc-x))d.x
0
+ J=!2
Also, from equation (i), we get
f''(x) + f'
= - r)
'(L =o
,,,(i)=,
so, ' \z) 'r"(!)
f"(!)=
[s.,]
Hence, by Rolle,s theorem,
f,
, ,t*1 g =) ( 7 4\
=
"lr'E)
Also, f'(x)f'0- x) =
+ ,'G)= ,'(1)
So, by Rolle's theorem
f"(x)=o+r.(i,,) Ans.
Ap p lication of Der iu atiu e s 323
Now verifu alternative. Arre.
f8. f(r)=cotr -tanr -2tan?tc-4tan4x -8tan8r =0 ('.'cotr -tanx=2cot?s)

h(x)=f(x)+g(x)
l{x) = xB + 6x - 1,x e R -\ry,r. r}
ls'.---J
(A) h'(x) = 3x2 + 6;h' '(x) = 6x
h,,(J-) !
\24)= 4
(B) hG) = t B
+ 6r - lwhich is not an odd function.
(C) h'(x)=3r2 +6>0 = fr(r)isincreasing
(D) h(r) = )n values of l,in (0, 3) for which equation has a solution if l" e (- tr 8). Ans.
19. f(x) = cos2 x.etaax
+ f, (x) = stanx.(1 - sin2r) 2 0 V r .(;,;)+ fk), "" (;, ;)
= f" (x) = etan' .(- 2cos?-x) + ebn* 'sec2, '(1 - sin2r)
f"(x) = et,,nr (o:n*:; .l)+
(sec2r - ztanr)l
\ 1+ tan" rc i
= f(x)'(tanr - 1) (tan3 x- lanzr + Stanr + 1)
324 GRB proUlems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Now, let g(x) =tan3 r - tan2 r + Stanr + 1
=+ g'(x) =(3tan2 x - Ztanx + B) sec2r > 0Vr .(;,;)
So, g(r) is increasing function.
/_-\
Also, ,(.",Js(o) <o
so, g(r) = 0 has exactly one root * (;, *rr""" one root is I and other root lies
i),
*(7'o)
So. f"(r) = 0 has exactly two roots (;, ;)
"
At * = !,7 {x)has a local minima. Ans.
Graph of f (x)
Givencurveis oxl * y+b=0 + y=ax! +b
Let point P, be (f i, atl + b)
Slope of tansent =
*lo =, *i
.'. Equation of tangent is
t-@t!+D)=3at!@-t1)
.'.Tangent meets curve at P2 $ 2, atl + b)
:. (.ail + b) - {atf + b) = Jat?Gz
- t)
+ aTl -tl) =utl{tz -t)
+ tl +t! +t2t, =S6l (.'.t, * t ,)
=) t'r-trtr-%?=O
= (tr+%r)(t2-t)=0
=+ tz=-2tt
Similarly, ts=-2tz
.'.abscissae are in G.P. for all values ofa and b. Ans.
Applieation of Deriuati.ues 325
Exercise-4
Match the Columns TyPe
1. (A) 14flr)) = ln(r - 1) + ln(r - 2) +.'.'.. + In(r - n)
tI
+........tc-n)
f'@) =frrl[-r
Lr-1
-* -+
x-2
f'(x) =@ - 2)(r - 3) ....'.(r - n) +(r - 1) (r -3)...
(x - n) +...+(r - 1Xr - 2) + ...(r - (n - 1))
f'(n) = (z - 1) (n - 2) (n - 3) '3'2'1
(all other factors except the last vanishes when r = z)
5040=(n-1)!
7t = (n- 1)!= n = 8 1 (P), (R)
(B) s(x)=f'(x)- 1 * 1=* 1 *c;
ftx) x-l x-2 x-n
Hence g'(x)<0(think!)
g(r) is discontinuous at z Points
= n=9
(C)e(r) = Shaseither n- lornroots g@) =
#*
gk) =ffi .C
n=8or9 = (R),(S)
(D) No. of roots f'@) = 0 is n. - l' (use L.M.V.T')
*(n - 1) (n - 5)2 = n- 1 =+ (n-1)(z-6)(z-4)=0 =+ (P)' (Q) Ans.
v
g(x)
g(x):5
2. (61 f'(*)=3x2 +van*"=0<;; o+F=-

ff""aop=3
grven f(ct)+ f$)=2
(cr3 + acr2 + oo + 1) +(ps + apz +40+ 1) =2
(cr3 +03) +a(az +P2)+o(a+P)=o
326 GRB prottems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(a + p)3 - 3op(cr +B) + o[(cr + 02 - 2*0] + o(cr + = 0
B)
8o3
* ,l !s: - 2nl 20j - (l"
- 27 |.-?\
- ,(3i -Le ,,j - e
4az
27_+=o(a*o,think!)
#=:=a-9 = .,)
(B) /(r) = 13 + pxz + qrc + r
f'(x|=g*z + 2px + q =B[ - !'] (r + 1) = Bxz +8r + 5

-\3)
2p=8-p-4 q=5
P+q=9 =+ (S)
1
2Jieb - eb
o#=k; tetr=#,r>o; dy
dx
2.,1x . dy
dx -(4x-l)eb
%J;
\./
\r,- Minima^t * =!;y
4'" =2Ji =2x2.75=
s.5o
_+----_-F__
0 1/4
For exactly one solution k = 2Ji
For exactly 2 solutions k > 2J; + (Q), (R), (S) Ans.
For no solution k < ZJi = 8.5
3.
(A) A, B, C are the 3 critical points of y
= f(x).
f"(x) =0forr = 2andfailstoexists atx =0.
(B) r = ll 4 and' 2. Make a quadratic in log, r and interpret the

result. *,
@9=-1+
dx'4'2
2x! =- 3 = *, =!
.1 1.ilttt or vr=- 15
*::= _3
322"',rt328 =c=---i
(D) f '(x) = 2x3 - 3r + l this is always positive in (1, 2).
Increasing in [1, 2].
fl2)will be the greatest value. Ans.
App iication of Deriuatives 327
1
4. (A) Given f(x) = # -*

3
f$)
wehave
b-3 = f'(b)=gbz -! 3
* -ry3 =b -$(suz 11)
\ -3) (r,u,=a'-trf)
11b
or b3 - !1q
33=Bb3 - -9b, + 11
or ?br -gbz + L1= 0
(s)
Zu=Z,flb=-+ =>b-nb=10 =
o+l
I (a) = ,-," -D' d*
13) Let I
a-l
I'(.a) = - n-@-212
= "-o'
Now, for maximum or minimum value of .I(o), we must have /'(a) = 0.
2)2
=+ e'o' = n-@_ =n@-2)'-oz =1 =
go
= @-2)2 -a2 =0
= - 4a + 4=O+a =\
AIso' I"(a) =-
*r::-;:
rrT ,f,r"
"'ro
Clearly I''(a = l) = 2I- e-r - e-rl = ,(-3\=:1e . 6
\e )
So, will be maximum for o = 1. (P)
.I(o)
=
(C) We h"rr" 4 - e't - I
dx4
1
= xr=-ln4and yr=e-ln4 = ,1
' =4 -4y:l
nln4
Equation of 'l'is (r-f =i,*+rn4)
= 4y-l=x+ln4 ..(i)
Put y = 0 in equation (i), we get
r = - (1 + ln 4) = - tn(4e) = r, {,1"1 = - h(4oa) ,t=4.+(Q) Ans.

\ae )
GRB proalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
6. f(x)= f lnl x ll- kx2 =o :+ p- llnl-rll

,.*
Consider g(x) =Y, r >0
Jco
8(r) is increasing in (0, Je) and decreasing ("6, *).
Integer Answer Type
l. f'(x)=x2 +r+L>OVre17
g'(x)= (r -3)(r +3)(r - 1)(r -3)(r - 1) (x -2)(r -B)(r + 1)
= (r - 3)3 (r + 3) (r - t)z (x - 2) (x + L)
n{x)=f@(x)) L.max L.min inflection pt L.max L.min
+l - | + | + | _ l+
f'(x) = f' @(x)) g'(x)
\_-J
-3-1123
+ve
.'.n1 =4nz=Zns,=L
= nr+n2+nJ=5 Ans.
rS
ftx)=*: -(m-3)n-2 +mn-2OlB
2. '32
f'(x)=(x2 -(m-3)r + m)>O,Vre[0,-)
Case I: When D <0 +m € tl,9l ...(I)
Case II: WhenD > O+m € [- *, 1] u [9, -] ...(i)
*=o+(m-B)<o=m<B
?n
...(ii)
and f'(0)>0 = m>0 ...(iii)
(Dn(ii)n(iii)
+ me[0,7]...([)
So finally (D n (II)
+ mef0,9] = [0, &]
k =9 Ans.
Applicatinn of Derivatiues 329
3. f ''(x) = 2 + Graph of f(x) is concave upward on (0, -).

Asr -+ *, f(x) + -and f'(*) -+ *
,=iim
(x, B 4/'(r))
,-* [/(r) (xz + r) f(x) fk) )
= [ 6r - 4f"k))
u-
\/,(r) f,G) )
,__,_
=urrr(
6 )=s
-
,*\f"(x))
:.ILzl =, Ans.
Puto = cos0andb = sin0
Hence. E= b*L - sino+1 =f(o)
a+b-2 sinO+cos0-2
For maxima./minima, /'(0) = 0
=+ (sinO + cos0 - 2) (cos0) - (sinO + 1) (cos0 - sinO) = 0
+ sinOcos0 + cos2 0- 2cos0 - sin0cos0+ sin2 0 - cosO + sin0 =0
= cos2 0 - 2cos0 + sin2 0 - cosO + sinO = 0
= L-3cos0+sin0=0
1+ sin0 = 3cos0
=
(1+ sin0)2 =9 cos20=9-9 sin2e
=
= 10sin20+2sino-8=0
+ 5sin20+sin0 -4=O
+ 5sinz0+ 5sin0- 4 sin0- 4 =0
(sin0+1)(5sin0-4)=0
=
sin0=-lorsin0=1
5
Now value ofE, when sin 0 = - 1is 0.
4. sin0+1
! +t ! +t
and value ofE when sin 0 = 5or5
-ts
5 sin0+cos0-2 43^43
-1:--2 '---z
55 55
_o
i.e., E- "ot I
3 -
Hence, El-ui-r- = - 3when sin 0 = luoacoso=9=,, o
55
Hence, u2 =9. Ans.
5. ftel > 0, flg) <0, f(2), /(a) will be of opposite sign. f(L), fG) will be opposite sign.
Following 4 possibilities are as
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
Number of possible roots 1, 2,3, 4.

A = {1,23, 4l
Hence, = 10
)n(A)
6. Clearly, equation of the circle is
:+ (x-L)2+(y-1)2=1
+ lcz +y2
-?n-2y+l=0
Let the equation of the line be ! = mx
ttuc - y =Q
I m-l
So, P=l_'-
lrlt+ m2
(where p is the length of the perpendicular from C on MM
Now, 12 =1-- p2
' =!-@:!
l+mz
,P- 2m
-
r+m2-"- -t=&+2r=MN=@ =W
[**r+LL:tyri\
Perpendicular from (0, 1) on m.x, - y = 0, is
q- --:-1
,lt + m2
Hence, area of the A APN ir .2t.ql

[; )
App licatio n o f Deriuatiu e s 331
/=
A_
Hence, f'(m) = -0 m:+

,t)
(Point of rnaxirnum)
sign of f '(rn)
or (l+m2)-4m2=o
Also, 3m2 =L-m=L
J5
Hence, zolo (m2) = 670
7. We have /(r) = arc + cos 2r + sin r + cos .f = f '(x) = a - 2sin 2r + co" -- sin r
As f' (r) > 0 for any real number x * a ) 2 sin ?-tc + sin r - cos tr ...
Lett =sinr - cosr = J2 sin[, - l] *- Ji <t < Jr,
\.4/
So the inequality can be written as o ) - 2t2 + t + 2
Letg(r) = - 2tz +t + 2 = - z(t- 1)' . {

\4/8
Then range of gG)for - Ji st s Jris g (-Jr) s g(/) < g- f+)
\4)
= -2-Jisse)s+8
So, the range of a canbe found o ) max;r1s,lz 1a '> 17='' I tl \
-,J
T LT,
Hence,(rz + n)1uu.1 = 17 + 8= 25. Ans.
Aliter z f' (x) = a - 2sin 2r + cosr - sinr
For f(r) to be increasing /'(r) > 0 V r e R
o+cosr-sinr-2sin?fr>0
o > 2sin 2r + sinr - cos.r ...(i)
Let sinr - cos, =f
1-sin2r -s2 lsin2r =l-t2
.'. a > 2 - 2t2 +f where t el-Ji, Ji).
a > 2 - 2t2 + tlû*.but 2 - 2t2 + tl^ *.= 11 *6ur1 = 1
DNZ GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
".+=(m+n)=25
f(r)=I+
8. '2
l"*[*"-'[#))l
[!*turr-'r, r>o
l2
trrr-tr=.1I.
l2'
r=o
l{*t.rr-'r, r<o
l2 L*stope I
f(x')=!r+tan-LxYxeR
For finding inverse of f(x).
! + tan-r y = y -it= *" (, -
X)
s(x) =*" (" - ;)

The given equation is
'r-r)z)
e(r)=&[:
= tan["-l')
\2)\2)
=n(r-!\
straight line y = u(. -
;)t.
passing through (;, ,)
The line is tangent to the curve y = g(x) *(;,0)tfr"o slope is equal to L i.e., k = L
But if slope of the line is greater than 1 then line intersects the cunre y = g(x) at
three distinct points.
Let AF=x=DEandAE-y=flp
As ACAB is A,CED
cE
so. -DE -b-Y =L-r=a[r-I-)
'CAABbc"\c)
(Here BC = a, AC = b and AB = c)
Now, area of parallelogram AFDE
= S = (Alt') (EM) =ry sin A=S = x.b[f - 1) .in a Note : sin .r{ is fixed ...(i)
I c/
Now, differentiating both sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get

dS-"(c-2r)sinA=0=x=-
b. ^ c
dxc2
Also, ql = - zb .o
4a" )*=i c
So,S is maximum *henr = !.2

Now, S-.* = sinA
)b"
l1 -1 1l
+-2
=1( *u".i, a) = ] tu rea(a, ABC)I = ]nl, t
?+ = 5 (square units.) Ans.
z\2 ) z t
|
B 1l I
t =
10. Given f'(*) =i , f'Al o, ...(i)

0
Differentiating both the sides of equation (i) by using Leibnitz rule, we get
3f2(x) f'(*) = x 12 (x)
As /(r) is strictly increasing , so /(r) * 0 .
3f'G) =N =f' @) =L
I
'6 =:- + C (On integrating both sides with respect to r.)

f(x)
But f(O)=0 =C=0
-2
f@)=*--,x20
'6
Slope ofthe tangent atP(x1,y1)to the curve f(r; = 11.
.'. Slope of normal =

t
-x,t
i.e., =
-g(Given)
2xr
=1
= Ir =6andY, =6
So, Equation of normal is (y - O) = ;ltr - O)
2
.'. For y-intercept, put r = 0, we get y = $. Ans.
11. '.' Degree P(r) is 5 with leading coefficient one.
of
.'. Degree of P'(x) is 4 with leading coeffrcient five.
P'(x) = 5(r -1) (r - 3)(x - 2)2
P'(6) = 5 x 5x 3x 42
= 1200 Ans.
u
12. Given, f(x)=e' .[ e-t .f'(y) dy -(*' - x +l)e' ...(i)
0
Differentiating both the sides
f'(*)=e* .e-" .f'(x)*n'i e-v.f'(y)dy-[k2-r +1) e* +e'(% -Dl

0
x
f 'G) = f'k) .f ' (y) dy - e' (x2 + x)
+
I "'-'
0
-g= f(x)+(xz-x +l)e* -e'(x2+r) [Substituting

- (i)j
i ". ' 1' {r) dy = f(x) +(x2- x+ 1) e' from
0
f(x)=e'(x2+*-*2+r-1)
f(x) = e* .(2x - 1)= f(L) = e.
Also, f' (*)=e' .2+(?-x -1) e' +f'(l)=2e +e=3e
and f" (x) = 2e* + (?Jc - D e' + 2e'
=+ f"(l)=2e+e+%=5e
Hence, f(l) + f'(7) + f'(l) =9e Ans.
2e
=k=9
13. Let fnb) = I e-t" d.t
f,(*) =,.n-(&' - e-"

For maxima and minima, fn(x) = 0 =, 2r-t2tY = e-'o t
=2.e-12'tn - n-x"
Taking log on both sides, we get
I
l'2 ( tttZ )"
ln2- 2ntcn=-y,n=]n2=xo(2n -l)*x' = =, =[z^ =o"
zn -r-- - )
( r\ 1
Also, f "^"1* =(lZl" . o :+ /,(r)

't'" is- maximurn at x =t+a't;
|\/ \z' -r) I
|
\2" -t)
Ap p li cation of Der iu atiu e s 335
m(2"(1-1.)
Hence.L= lim ln(o,,)= 116
n -)6 n -i6
ln(ln2)-ln(2" -1)
- ,'* [,.,,,.,r, - l \ 2")
'--[ n
n.ln2*m[r- I
z= ri- [o- 12" -ln2
"--[
l
Hence, e-L = 2 Ans.
tr
14. f(x) = J tr2 +1+ k2sinzx +2-x +2ksinx +Zkx sinr)dr

-fr
no-3frn
=21(x2 +1+k2sinz x+Zkxsinr)dr ='T_- *2n+2k2jsin2, dx +4k[xsinxd,x
o3o.o.
=+ + 2n+ zh,z .2.! + 4kn

f(k) =43 . n(k2 + 4k + 2)
Minimum atk=-b =-4n =-z Ans.
2cL 2n
Note : Minimum valuc /(- 4={ -r,
Clearly, g'(x) = flxl =

f@
',
+ zls. -3<r<-1"
1
ltr'" -]-<x <2
* E'(x) is a continuous function.
+
*l 0
Sign scheme of g"(x)
=g'(x) has a local maximum atx = - land local minimum atr = 0.

336 GRB prottems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions')
Graph of g'(x): f(x)

Hence, g'(r) has two extremum points. Ans.
r.r
3t .t (3t
16. Given, f(x) =* [003' 6t - 4) dr - I - 4) dt
For maxima/minima, we have

f'(x) =o
- io r' (B' -4) dt + x.3' (3' - q . 3' .x(3' - 4)

x-arris
f'(x)=i z'tt'-$dt
o logrT
0
sign scheme of f '(x)
' (r* -8.3'+7)

f'(x)=2Ing
f'k't = J (3', - 1) (3' - 7)
2hr3
f'(*) =0 =rr = 0, log3 7

.'. r = loge 7 is the point of minima.
Hence, 3' = glwtz -, Ans.
17. Circle with centre (-6, 10) and radius = J36 + 100 - L20 = 4
Now let (o, 0) be a point on the r-axis.

If y is the distance from Ato P and, P to M
z)\ :ro1f1a 16f a 1so - a
y = J@ -
dy_ 2(a-2) * 2("!.,62=
d'a 2J@-2f +% z^{G*af-*too
Application of Deriuative s
dt zero onlv ifo - 2> oando + 6 < o not possible or a - 2 < 0 ando +6 > 0
da "urbe
Hence ae(-6,2).
Solving * =O,gives o = 10 (rejected)
- or o = -!
"da i,
2+25+
Hence Imin =
F..r*_,
*'/i156 - 4=!!+34 - n =17 -4 = 18 Ans.
=y3333
Aliter:tan0 -a+2 =6-o +10o +2o=3o-5a
510
+ 'llila=LO+a=?
3
P' (2, - 5)
Hence, P' (\3',i for finding Jmin
=,0')
We have, f (x) = e% -k +L)e* + 2a + cos2 + sin 1
f'(*)=2*k-(c+l)e'+2
Now, f'(x)20VxeR
"'''-1." *1'l-t"+1)
i.e..2(e* >0 yxeR+ (c+1)s z("'*al o xeR
e') \ e'l
minimum"value=4
c+1< 4+cSB
c€ (-*,31 =
(- *, 4
Hence 1" = 3. Ans.
19. p(*) + L is divisible by (r - 1)3
+ p(-x) + lis divisible by(r + 1)3 ...(i)
Similarly
p (x) - 1 is divisibte bY(r + 1)a
+ P (- r) - 1is divisible by(r - 1)B ...(ii)
+ from (i) and (ii)
p(x) + p (-',x) is divisible by (r + 1)B and (r - 1)3 both
a p(x) + y' (- r) is divisible by(r + 1)3 (r - 1)3
But then p (x) + p (- x)has degree6 =+p(r) + p (- r) =0
:. p(-x)= -p(r) +p (x) is an odd polynomial function of degree 5.
Sincep(*)isoddtunctior,= f-lo p@) dx =O. Ans.
ED. (x2 -lD(y+1)=- 4=-2x2

On comparingwe get
(r6, J6) = (3r 1)
,8r
" (x2 - t)2
J1,=, = 6
** =T
-1
Equation of normal
_1
"6- L=
Y --:(r -B)
r+6Y=$
Area=1rgr.!=27
224
h=p
' -L
h- 3-p n-
PM =CM - PC
Now, (CM)2 = (h -3)2 +(& + 1)2
CM)z =(p-3)2 *--l

(p ^
-3)"
d.2 =(cM)z
4 )'
=(ro-B)-(p-$)
\-
dîn = 2Ji
+ PM = Z.[2 - 1= JE - Jt = J;-Jb
în
+ @+b)-7 Ans.
Aliterzy= 4
- 3-r -l
,4
" (g- *)z
$- h\2 k+l
...(i)
4 h-3
and k+t= 4 ...(ii)
3-h
Applicatian of Deriuatiue s 339
From (i) and (ii)

h=lck=1andfu=9, k=-3
d.=N2-1=J8-fi= JA-JE
:+ (a+b)=7 Ans.
22. Given, f"(x)>-2V r€[-A3]
33
I f"
-3
{*) d.x > - z t
-3
dx - f'(ilf|e > -L2 =-L2> -L2
;. f "(x) = - 2Y xel-A3lorapplyLM\II iny =f'(x)in[- q 3],weget f "(x) - - ).

Now,/'(r)=-Zx+C
f'(3) =C -6 = 0=C = 6
f'(x) =6 - ?n + f(x) = 6x - x2 + C
f(0)=C=-4
Hence, f (x)=6x-x2 -4
Now, s (x) =i t O, d, =i Gt2 + 6t - 4) dt
o0
g (x) = -i--3 +3x2 - 4x in t-& 3l
3
g'(x) = -xz +6x - 4
-3 3-JS 5 G
3+ v5
g (- 3) = 4Swhich is maximum value in[- & 3]. Ans.
1t
t+-
3
')a
f (x) = I l.t" eld.O;x e[0, n]
For maximum/minimum f '(x) = 0
I / r\l
f ' k)= lsinl" * ; ll-j sinr i =s
Itr)l
,in'(**1)=sin2r=o
\3/
-,( r\
srn-l r+-l-srn2r=0
\3/
/\
sinfzr+^l.sin^=o
\.3i3
!= NTE
26' neI
TT
2^r + nn +*-
3
340 GRB proarums in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
.'. in[0, d,
r5n
or-
r =-36
\4"
r. 5n
36
='f ,.t, el de = .o".-lo =r-:=
Jnrs 22I
Now f (o)
o
tr+
x4n
33
f (n) = Jl"i" elae = J- sin o do
1an/3 -1 - 1
f(n)=cos0 I =j+1=l
J"22
,(;)= j, oldo = *.'L;, =i-e)_t -I
'sin
'i,
,(T)=
,il''"
ot do =
,i:t
o do +
". 0d0= 2-Ji
Hence, minimum value rz = 2 - J3.
and maximum value M=1
m+M =B- JI = Jgi - Js=Jp - JA
p=9;q=3=rp +q=L2 Ans.
lo"o** +bsinr if 0<rsI
2A. f(*) =l 2
lo "o",
-bsinr if -Is*<0
2
For -nl2<.r<0
f'(x)=-osin*-bcosr ...(i)
and f "@) = - o cos.r + b sinr ...(ii)
Since f (r) has a minima at *=- nl 3
f'(-rl3)
Henee, f"(-nl3)>0
=0and
Now, f'(- rcl3) = + a.f22-9 = 0 = J$o-b =0
and f"(-n/s) =-1- b.9=-lto * o"fel= -?r,>o
222-
Henceo<0and5<0.
Application of Derivatiuea 341
ntL O s,/2
Now, I -I tf {*D2 a* =I f'<*l d.x + lfz(u\ d.x
-rct2 -nl? 0
o
= [ {oz x - 2a,b sin.r cos * + b2 sinz x) ds .
"osz
-xl2
n/2
+ I hz cogz.r + %tb sinf, sos r
J
+b2 sinz dd*
0
Hence, ,=+.++?nb=2
zGti+n)a2=z * ffi ",uFm.l Ane.
x4 -x2
x---1
25. y= (taking*3 common)
x6 +2aB -l *s +2- -!,
x3
x-- 1
v- r ...(i)
(" - *)' *s(, -1)* z

\ r/
Iret (. - i)=,
t
v=--:-+=(r3 d.t
+3, 2)-t(3,tz +3)
u ts +3t+2'dx
+
=-D2+2=O+f=1
d2Y1 0 =+maxima att = 1
= -& =-4 <
tu'),=,
Maximum value = 1= L = p= land g = 6
6q
It occurs whent = 1=+, - 1= 1=*2 - * * 1 = 0
x
rrG
x=-:+-
r+G as.f >I
22
p =|;q=6;a =L;b = 5;c = 2
p+q+a+b+c=15 Ans.
Alternatively, after step -1
Using AM >GM between 3 positive quantities (" - i)t, Ll(.r > 1).
342 GRB noOUms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
wehave ,.,_rl *r*,

f*-1)'+1+1 r
_i),],,
=[(,
(,-*)'.2=a(,-r)
1 ( r\
No*. ' ,
'(*_r),*z*rL_ .['-rJ=l
t)-o[,_ r'1 6
f* ;) '"-"1*-;) -('- *)
... Maximumrdo"=1 thisoccurswhenr -I = t+sameresult.
6x
Ua
26. Let J {"'* 4x *a5x2)"* d,*=fe* (Ax2 +Ax +C)1{"
0
Differentiate both sides

e*l-asx2 + 4x + o'l- e*(2Ax +B)+ a(At2 + Bx +C) e*
Equating coeffrcient
aA=- a5 = w-a
aB+2A=4 =
aB-%ta=4 =
trry
aB=4+?tta
aC + B = as
= o" *2aa +4 =o, -?t j! =-oo -4
aaa =
elle-+=+Cl-C
B ^l
La' a -l
C(e -U+{+€
= o,*1 Ans.
a"aa2
' 27. Given P(r)+ 2=er@)k - 2)2
and p(x)-2=ez(u-)k+2)2
Hence, P'(2) = 0 and P'(-2) = 0
Let P' (x) = ft(x - 2)(x + 2) (As P' (*) must be a quadratic polynomial)
P'(2) =0 andP'(-2) = 0
On integrating, we get
P (x) = r(+ - *)., ...(i)

Application of Deriuat iues 343
Aliter tI*t P'(x) = k(x - 2) (x + 2) = k (x2 - 4)

P (x) = r(*-
t.3 a,l+c ...(i)
) i+i.
P(2)=-2andP(-2)=2
ke -8)+c = -2 ...(ii)
\g)
and n(A*8)+c =2 ...(iii)
\s )
From equation (ii) + equation (iii) we have 2c = 0

and -16 k=
38 -z
.'. k =?
From equation (i)

Pk) =qid
8[3 - ar'l+o )
P(-3)=9
8
(a+b)a9+8=17 Ans.
28. Let x2 + x +l=t
" [:' -)
:+ t2 - ot + ut.>ovt.[], *')
L4' )
Let f (t)= t2 - at + ?a,
f'(t) =2t-a
Case I: If 9< I *ra!
,2
-/'4
---{-#a3
2 4 [q
In this case fort el 9 *)\ minimum value occur *t =1'
14,
ffl'l>o + 9-'3o+ 9 *9.0 + 9 +Zoazo
?a>o* 16 a> -9
'\4i 16 4 4 = -20
l--e 3l
0€l-. ...(i)
- I
L2o'2)
Coeeil: If 9 =1 * o=!
- 2
-'4
------{----{-
1a
Z1
344 GRB proalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Then for/ .[:, -), minimum value occur *t =

Z
, r(Z)>o = + *+%t>a - a [z-s)=o

**2.,,20 = \4/ ==+ ae(0,8)
...(ii)
.'. Sum of all integral values
S=1+ 2+....+g=8x9=A6 Ans.

2
x-t
tt)
lef dt =!slx -t)dt +2x +B
,oJ
=
ft\ d,t
[ef =! s tt) d,t + 2-x + 3 (Using King Property)
Diffe"eniial uoth stdis, we get

sf(') =g(x)+2
= g(x)=ef@) -2
= g'(x)=efk).f'(x)
@)
'.' is always greater than zero.
"f
.'. sign of g'(x) is same as sign of f '(x).
.'. sign of g'(x)
_l -2 99 t00
.................... 96 97 98
Clearly, local extermum (maximum or minimum) will occur at
x =99,97,95,...., a 1
.'. Sumofallthevalues= 1 + B + S +.... + 99 = 1tr, 1+(50 -1)x 2l= 2800 Ans.
2-
Equation oftangent
Y-f(")=f'(x)(X-x)
f (r)
e =(*-
\ f'{*)'. o)1
B = (0, f(x)-x f'(x))
Applicatinn of Deriuatives 345
Area of A OAB,S (r) = 1 xOA xOB

2
k):rt'@))z
s(r) - @) - x f'G))= -!(f
=
*ft ffi)ff
_ {(S-(r + 1)2 + 2r (r + 1)}2
- l5 - xz -
?n, - l+ ?^r2 + 2*12
4(x + l) 4(x + 1)
+ 4)2
-(x2
4(x + L)
S'(r)=
2(x + l)(xz + 4)'?^x - (x2 + 4)2 -0
4(x + l)2
4x2 +4x-x2 -4=o +|rxz+ 4x-4=o
- 3x2 +6x-2-x-4=0
(x + 2) gx - 2)=0 +r =?t..0 <r < 1)
- 3'
... Minimum value ofS (r) = I27 =(p + e) = LOl Ans.
31. Since the line touches the graph of f(x) at,1,2,3.

h(x) = f @) * g (r) has a double root at L,2,3
h(il = a(x - 1)z (x * 2)z (x - 3)2
, = ot! k - L)z (x - 2)2 (r - 3)z o*=#,
I
16
ax-=- 32
105 105 Line: g(x)
a=2 Ans.
Given, 7 sinSr - 2(3 sin gr - 4sinaBr) = (1 + tan2 0) + 4 (1 + cot2 0)

Put, sinSr = y, we get
y (8y2 + 1) = 9 + (tan 0 - 2 cot0)2
L.H.S. min occurs when y = - l and minimum value = - 9
Maximum occurs when y = l and maximum value = 9 when tan2 e = 2
Hence maximum of L.H.S. = minimum value of R.H.S.
sin$r=1=sintr + *=! (minimum positive root)
26
orsinSr=sinf:9ll
- + x==2 (maximum negative root).
\z)
- =
SUm
7t r n+3n 2n
-+-=-=-
62 6 3
GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sotutions)
Hence, l! (*irri*,.rm positive root - maximum negative root) = f E.) f ?) 10 An

n - \r/\B/ = --o.
I,
33. g(a) = J l2sinr -al cos x d.x, 0<a < 1
0
2sinr -a=t
2cosr dx =dt
, 2- a
s(a)=i tVldt;ae[o,Ll
o
o 2..a
2e@)= IGil dt + lt at
2s(a)
- 2 lo *t1'-"'
=!rrl-" 2)o
4 e@)=a2 +(a - 2)2
4 e@)=h.2 - 4a + 4
s@)={ - a+1
s(a) =
iro' -
?tt+ 2)=f,tO- 1)2 + il, o<o< I
*=!,*
2'
= LHence Z(M +m)=& Ans.
34. Given, I + f"(x) + f' (x) = x2 + fz(x)
or g*ql.*dY-=*2+n2
dxz dx
As, P be the point of maxima of f (x) so g = 0 and t4 .0.
dx dxz
N
=xz +y2 =g *4!

dx2
So, P (r, y) will lie inside the circle x2 + y2 =9.
Hence, no tangentis possible. Ans.

Differential
Equations
Exercise-1
t. dv
dt
= -k4r2 . ..(i)
butY=!nr' q- = 4fif-
. "dr ...(ii)
3dt = -dt
Hence.L=-K
'dt = (A)
,. *+yf(r)= g(r)'g'(r) .
I.F,. = rl0'ttidx -"bG)

Hence y. = !e+t*t . yiw). {(x)d.x =[et .t d.t where g(r)=r
"i*'
-et +C = {(r) -sQ@) -elk) +C
=tet
y=Qs-b@) +$(r)-1=+ (A)
g. ay
'3J,-r, 4!=
2
-' g**-r, *2 dx -' dx=
o, -y'=1.1^
*u3
*l*)=-, *#='
t"at =! *u'd.* ; = ! *o'' + c
I lrn''
.r4/3 _r4/3 =g
GRB proalems in Calculus (.Hi.nts & Solutians)
4. y sinhx- cosr + (1 + sin2 .) += 0 where y = f(x)

ax
dy (sin?^x )l^_r=----
---aal- "osr
dx [1+sin2r./" 1+sin2r
**
1 "i!_\__a, ft!
I.F. = e'1+sin2* =nt i =n'n(l+sin2r) = 1 + sin2 r
(byputtingl+sin2r=t)
y(1+ sin2 x,1=
!cosx d.x
y(1 + sin2 r) = sin ,c + C;{y(O) =0)} =C =0
srn,
Hence, -y----:-
1+sin"r
/n\ 2
Ans.
u
'loJ=
s. lN.t =[tt- x)a*
Note : Family of concenric circles with (1,0) as
!1=* -t *c the centre and variablc radius
*2 +y2 -?-x=c
(x -l)2 * Y2 =C +L=C (B)
=
6. Y- t=m(X -x)
Now, ['-9)-= -r
\r-1l
dy
1r----:-= L- x
"dx
Integrating, t=*-t*c
22
*2 +y2 -b=C
This is the equation of a circle with centre (1, 0).
:. ?x +3y - 15 = 0 is tangent at (1).
.'. Perpendicular from (1, 0) on the line = r
l?*l= Jr*"
lJtgl
C + 1= 1.3+C =12
isr 2
Hence, the cunre + y2 - 2a = Lz Ans.
Differential Equotions 349
*= -kJi; when, =o; =

7. y 4
i g = -n'rat
'rrly t
,Jil:=-u,=-*
0-4= -.!-+t=60minutes + (C) Ans.
15
8. sin *4!*ycosr=1
dx
4 *n cotx =cosec r
dx
l.F.=el*t'fu -rln(sin*) = sinr
y sinr =Jcose"r'sinr dr
Y sinr =x +C
If r=0, yisfinite.
C=0
y=r(cosecx)=-!-
SINT
Now, t.tand,I>I
42
Hence. !a1a4
24
+ (A). Ans.
9. Equation of the curve is y = a (l - x)

1
10. Y-Y--:-(X-x) Nternatively:
rn Step-A Let
!2 =t
When *=@ -dv
-:-=
dt
dx 111
"dx -dx
Take,let Y = 0 L.dt =x2 +2t
X=m.y*x 2dx
x(my+x)=2G2 +y2) dt
dx-1,
Hence =2*
x,
*Y9=*'+2Y'
"dx
(SteP'A) which is linear.
NowPut!=ux
ur&-
d.u xz(l+ zuz) l+ 2u2
dx x'u u
-
du \+
X-= 2u2 l+ u2
dxuu -U=-
1 udu jdx
J
l+u'z -J;
1ur(r +u\-tnr+c
*[i*)=,
*2 + y2 =Cx4 + (A)
1. lY
dt -KM
= M =C e-kt
Whent = 0 ; M=Mo =) C=Mo = M=Moe-kt
Whent = L M =+ + k=lnZ Hence M = Moe-tttt2
2
When M = **
1000
then r = logz 1000
12. Slope of the normal - r-1

Y
...(i)
dy _t-x
dxy
t= * ' 1, *c
22
(ii) passes through (0,0) henceC 0.
=
x2+y2-2x=o
Now, tangentto yz = 4y
!=m,x +-1
n1,
If it touches the circle

x2 + y2 - 2-x. =0
m".rl Y-yl= ,= r+ m2 ,n2 -+ *

I'h+*' I - - arn
Hence, tangent is y axis i.e., x = O Ans.
fx
13. r)s(t)dt +J(1-r)s(t)dt=xa +x2
00
x e(x) +i stil d,t + (t - x) s (x) = 4* 3 +?.x
0
Differential Equations 351

ur)*'*:::r'X'
', * g * LOd*
Now, ;s' =J
,\l-
]i*, ,,.l'=
L@, -lo - {z
Ans.
14. lnC + ln lrl = I

v
]--y-ryt
Diff.w.r.t.r, xy'
n2 dv
?=t-x dx
*=:-5 = r(o,)=-5 =+ (D)
15. Ordinate = PM.Let P =-(x, y).

Projection of ordinate on normal = PN
pN=pM cos0=o (given)
' _- y -a - Y=atll+(Y)"
r-------;
.,/1 + tan2 e
f , 2
d,
- dx-_"lv'-a'
a =t%=la*
t,l yr-o, r
=) alnly*^[y'-t't=x+C
16. (xzzh - l) a z"-Ldz + 2.xz3o dx = o
ot a(xzz\o-l - z"-1) d,, + ?*23" dx = o
For homogeneous every term must be of the same degree,
3cr + 1- cr - 1=+o- -1 + (A) Ans.
77. Differentiate xy (x) = x2y'(x) + ?-xy (x)
or xl (x) + x2y'(x) = 0
,dt *n=o
dx
lny +lnr =ln C
x!=C = (D) Ans.
y2 = t; Zy I = * , hence the differential equation becomes
dx d.x,
( + ,,\4L+Ze,' kt - x,) = 0
\ "" )dx
352 GRB Aoalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
e'2 +et +2e" -*11-y4" =g

dt
Ptte'2 = z; e'2 .2*y=*
dt dt
, *r' *41ft - 1)= o
dt
d'z* z =- '' ,1.g.=J!!, = eln(r-l) =f - 1
dt (, - 1) (t -D'
z(t -D=-t@t)dt
z(t -L)= -et +C
e" (y2 - D=- eY' +C
e"2 (y2 -11)+eYz =C Ans.
19. Wehrr",' {.[l), =x(xe' +e* -1) [Lineardifferentialequation]
dx \x )"
I.F.=e-!d', -hr I
-"-'n'=i
Now, general solution is
/' )= f(r"(, +l)
tl;t r -:l)dx + c +!= xc' - x +c
r
fu, Y(r =1)=e-1 + '-l=e-L+C +C=0
1
x+!=xe*
r
,* Y(2)
Now, =*z + y(2)=4e2 - 4
2
and y(l) =(e - 1) (Given)
Hence y{2)= 4(e + 1) (e - 1) =+y(2) =4y(l)Iy (1) + 2l
k,= 4 Ans.
20. dy+xyd.x=xdx
'
=r = -Integrating factor
d.v !-2
|
cl.x,
+ xy =e 2
,2 ,2 ,2
yei =[xen d,x=ea +C
-12
Hence, Y=l+Ce 2
J(0)=2 aC =l
o1[:rr:ts!-&t sl,o,, JDJ
-12
Hence, 2
-y(x)=l+e
.lt.l,') r I -, -I
a=11,,
-,lt
+rl-r,t*=lu 2dx Ans.
rrl ) 0
n. 4Yy= -k,.7 -il -.+ldv =!-nc *ildt

dt
= vo\ =Jg*.2-:!l' * s.
:+ y171=4!!!' *c
2
Atf =o,v= I=,+c =t-tT-

2
.'.ScrapvalueV(?r = V (t =T) = C = t - !t.2 Ans.

i €1(, ).1.
22. LF. =e Sitt -nlngrr) = g(:r)
1.r.,tr
1, s,{.r} = 1l'fl''f''*'d*=
2J 1+g:tx t 2
+g|{xtl+c
Here, c =r_1!-?
.)
.L
yte)gte)= +'ze -lr*t-l"r? =| Ans.

|utr
rlrl
n. 4!='-' *!- :=s-Zt 4f = | * 1.,-*
dyy3dyysy
put_e !, ' s==a!!!-*z =
2,L.D.E.,
dy y v:l
-
t )-, [ -2".y,d),* (:
.v
-e ''t ..r,? -= 2lnr, + C'. Ngw'y(0) = 1
::, (.' - -1
- ,,'2,.r, = 2ln.y - L-+lt -ez, -- 2eb lny Ans.
21. /'r-' =t +fflttut lNote : /ror = 11
1+-r' i, l+t-
f)ifferentiate both sides w.r'.t. .r
(1+r2) l''txt* f'tx)(?$) * f'ttxt
(1+x-)- (1 +"x r)
dvl'ht
: I 1r- ir_
.:,
- -l |
ctx l1+r'l-,i.t-"f
ts54 GRB J';r,b1ens in Llolcuhrs (llr,riits & S,tiutittrts\
_l dv _i! -Lt.,, l1 --r-. ,

y) d, '1+.r'''.v
[,r.t, -1 = r
-v
dt +i ?r.
il.-I
dt 'l *.*''
Solving the ubovo L.D.Ii.
. :irl ,..r,
',t1. .
(_u:.).t
.:
,r
Ir''t lii llr l5

Ans.
I
s- .l :i 17
25. Diflbrentiater
2f'(xt f' t ys= f :r1.t)
- i+i,/'tttt'l ::::,,,. l(-r, -, * 2l'ttt i'
l''',., !'trt) *tf"t.tttl , ,;t
l't irt .. lF (r ) - / r 1'rl- :.i f (tI -' /'i.1ri -.-, t f''l(,i.'j
dr'
j'. -- t' l- t'" ,
dx
tl t'
6) :..- -.
-t.v.1
= .t .F ('
,v(1
'l'
lnllv+!,i i=., nC
..,,.11_
=11,.
.v+1
Atr--0;y=10
10
l{=
11
.v ,,,
fit"
v+l" I-
:'s'"' ,
=+ = C
.!'+1 v K
1 1,,.t"
" J'K
e' -t=
- I
KJ
K
1!=
e-'t -K
,li1,l = I
*=r+C
-dY y)
y(L-
,\
hl -l- l=r +C
1.1-y i
:155
[)if[e rent ial, Eq Ltotton s
-l
1-
= Ke'
1'
Atr=0;y=10
. -i0
11=- q
1-
.___L=v_1 p '.
.)K
1={1'l'
YK
--'
K
'1' = K + e"t
lirn f(r)= 1 Ans.
Linked Comprehension TYPe
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 1 to 3

f{0)=2
[,
f k\ =ie' + e -') cosx 'Zx -- I
lJ
r t,
f 'ut dt J
, f'u, nrtl
-i -I---
L0 or tt
I
f Gl =\e' +e-')cosx-2x-
I i t
lrlf(;t -f (0)l-i,.f ftt't;-)f rt,,rrlli]
L
lrl
f k) = (e' + e-') cosr - 2.( - x ftx) + % +lr ftx) -[f vtatl
a.
i'.xt =(e. + e " ) cos x - )f'ttld.t ...(1i

1l
Differentiating equation (i t
f'k) + t' {i =cosr (et -e.'') -idr r' 1'' ) sinr . .(ii)
Hence. 4y- * n =e''((,osr - sin-r) - g-t (cosr +sinr) Ans.

dx
rrir l"(0) + l'10) =O - 2'0 = 0 Ans.
,iiii I.F. of DE (i) ise'
y' e' =J""t;u", -sinrr,/r -
Jigo55
+ sinr)dx
i-.et =J"o tco..t - sirr r;rt1r --(sinr -cosr)+C
Let I = In' icos.r -sinrldl =,,?'iAcosa + B sinrl
3_q6 _ GRB f'rr,1ri,'n;:; irt ('i-tl;.;,lrts iHiri.!:; k Srtluiir,st
Solving A = 3 / 5atd B,= -, 1,, JarrdC' - Z/ i
)'=e ,t3
I
l-.t.trSt
;,
- -srnr:'-{sin-t-c{JS-r)e-.
j) +2c . Ans.
.i
Let g''\xi .= Ax, A + 0
t'l
s' (.1'l -. f{ t- fi,
2
As, s'i\ 2r'21
I ;..0 -; ()--'{'7,*B.1l.lA
28 ld
A.r'2 I
€trt=
216
. .{.r '' A.,'
So. .g{-rl- .+('
- 6 16
As, g i0) = 0 =+C' ," ()
.
g{.rr= A^r '' -4*
6 16
Alsr,, gtlr=i> i.'l 't *A=4iJ
616
flence. g(r)=$r - ;1r,
(i)
.{(2) =64 - 6.=59 Ans.
(ii) * itr
-Ar. .g (.r I = 8r
-1 Y;
ri
1 ,r- € -
V s't)
So, /' (g ("r )) = sgn rg.1.r -. f,p ).. ,i
0 fi t'\,]'o
8i
-l l' ts: o',,ri
| ()
1: .t: G ' s ;ol

\s' !
So,area c,nclosed between ordinates I --q,to:E=(t- 2

lctr =
(r
2c..
Difl crcn Ii oI l;qu otir> ti s 357
... . dy
,iii r : +g'(r).!'=(,l.'i).)+lig'rx)
tlx
. . lrrlcgrating lrctor = ri( '
Alsc. general soiirtiorr is

1,t.,. ' ,--,
{1,,rrrj'(i.,.,,.. 1 -. lie,l1. 1ol.y
Ptrt &'' i., ) .: i :)B,ii{ t tl."t -- ri.t.

,.1.r'11 , i\:lt.,lr,i ',, C..A'ir''r"''' 1.('
,'. t-I, 1::.i =!:i-[i.t(i' ; "
As. h,l.)., ,. 1.,:1 -= 0 + (l ,-,r(' .. 1.
.'. iii t \ri .1 i - t"" '
Hent:c. lri lr=5+c; Ans.

Paragraph for Question Nos. 7 to g
Ai gir,r.:n.r1u:rlion is honroge.ne()rls s(),
tl]' .. i'
' d..r .1.
-) g(r) = -r'
h(r) = - Lt +ikzt;l
".
ii) h'\xt = -: ; .a
3,,
,' r
., ,i .\.
1,, I i
.\.;. l;'(1 r ..: (i arrr! f if i.;'l). -c().r,.

.: l is,r liri:r( of'r.'l;r..rrr,:1.
rAsg(.r)- .r'. so 1,=-t- -i-:I

tii
.t:'tr."1
x2y + x! + y...r2 --r + 1 :::) xl(y _ 1t+r(y+1)+(.v -1)=0.Asx isreal,so
(,y+l)2 -4(y-1):2>0 r ((rr+1) - 2(!,- l)(1,+. 1+ 2(.),-lt)rzt)
i33r-1){Y-3) i0 :+ ,.il,rl
;Jl
Also,y=lgivesr=0
Nlinimum I'alue r' = p trt is -1. Ans.
,1
riiitlr'(r) ,, - !+ ?, =Z(slope of v=2r + 4is2t

.|I
.'. xli 3 - ==.1' -

-].. .1
28
As. !=-?a+'l-?r'r
^11 ,wefe.tf =
Putr-- Ans.
82
3iq-, GRB p,y?kyttr.gy-try!",y !!!ty-!zc&Msyg
Paragraph for (fuestion Nos. lO and ll

.r0
ltf 'al - sinzldt = [ ftt tant dt
Or
f'G) - sin 2r = - f i.ri tanr
Let I = f(r), then y' + ytanr = sin 2r-
I.F.=e"'tnt'/t =secr
1, = 1c ctl-" r, _' 2 cos2 r
flOt=1=li=3
T,r
f tx) =B cos.u - 2cosz x = -zl I i' .?
"o", -
l4l 8
/ixr-"" =?
b
Ans.
- 3 cos.r r- I = 0
and /'(.r) = lg1ives 2 cos2x
1 -.t. r-
::i COSJ = --and COS.X = 1,t "''.O.2n
2 3 3
Hence, total number of solutions= 4 .{ns.
Peragraph for Sfuestion Nos. t2 to t4
Given. f tyt= r.*,1. .r)lnl i l*l f \ndt.Vre .R
\e, 1
+ f'(xt =(t - -r)-!ot-tr r"[{ j+nri
= f'(x)=1-f-hr+1+f(*)
x
l''k)-ftrr-il-t"'i
' \x I
Let f(r) = J, so that f'tx\=4!

+ *- r=(!- u,l ...(i)
Which is a linear differential equation

So, f.['. = e-i'l' =e 't
.'. Solution of (i) is given by
J[x - fro Ile ' dx +C

1-
y-e-*
" =[[ ...(ii)
Put-r=f + dx=-dt
I-et r, .'lil-t,,,j, './, =li-} - i,,i-rrietr-l)dr
=fi
Jlt
l-lnt-ttle'dt
)
Ir - e' lnt-1 I=,tl 'lnr

So. equation (ii) becomes
-\.,.('tr =r,l tltrt+C
.v .= ltt-t r (,' e''
As t' t l) ',. r'

rr.-0+(ir
I t.r) = r,f + lnt
l1
iir j, ,r r1t,- jtc' + [nr)d.r = (e'ii, ''r [11-i ,'"'
ii ()
.(,'' 1)+t0-1),,r'--2 Ans.

(ii| As I'r1t ,= i:
So. P tl. c)
,\lso. 7"rrr1,,,,, ,'tc tIi=(srlr
So, equatiorr of uorma] nt P (l, e) is
(-v.-rr i,
-l.r:r'ti
e.l
Fur.r'-rttt.t:rcept, llut r' =0
:) -cir: + lt '- - rY '- 1,' =ru' +,,"=I -'I
.r'..(,'tetl. Ans.
(iii)Given, f G]=e* +lnr,Vre(0,*)
I
Also, f 't^t' , n" -r' x >0 \/ r E (0, '-')
So, f (r) 1 on 10, o,i.
/ has neither maxima nor minima.
=.4
Ans'
Peragraph for Qucstlon Nol. 16 to 17
$) f-l(f \x)).f '(x) - {cosx - f kD =O
t: f'(.xl + l'(r) = cos.tr
. xf(r) =sin-r+C - (l=0
/:'l =i:i;4 *'l'
(r)
F =,
lirlt
r
:) t,frt^xt
lsin.r tt l"lil*
,=o
b,
= sin2r - sinzr =0 :+ sinr(2cosr *sinr:)=0

= sinr = 0, tanf = 2
360 a&rc in Cakulus (Hints & Sotutiotts\
9BA_t
rt2 r
I IY
2
(ii)
[f uta*=
oi,x
a,
2
- < sin"r
----<r
1tx
1. ['si'] I d*.n
i,r2
(iii r lin, ii"-nt.I T * f-"u"2*;, *icostloo-.rrl
' -r,f - fr.rr.J I ltut I L l'nootr
1
_l;
,,-ii .-x Ii+li -zt^ Il+...+i_i .:___-:._,l=0
Ilrn^ll roor lr
r-,orl tanr i ltan2^xf I tan100r ll
More Than One Correct Answt'rs
I. Equation of normal
Y-.y=--!rx-r,
nl
-mY*my=X*r
X+mY-(r+my)=O
il
Perpendicular from (0,0) = i !.!-!:v-,= ,
i'11 + m2 |
x2+Zxym=y2
dv Y__:__-_
y2
- .*''
_-;: = +hr:mogeneous = (A)
dx Zry
Also, x.2y.4!-*,
" dx = ./yrput.yz
r--./ =t;2yly
_ er _ lt
",
ii = a*
dt,
X,-.+X'=t
dx
dt1
= _r which is linear differential equation
i; - ;, + (A)/(D)
dy _(y -r)tr/(r -y\2 +4xy dv . dr, ,r
2.
d- - --- -- -'- =i --- =I Or .:=---
,t dx dx .y
s.
sin-r
4. /(.r, = ---
xc
D. (A)82-x * 2n!!= o
dv= lTl, LGx
"dx -*
dx'y
dvk
"dx!!-
and 16nrc = *. *- - lTLo=
dx = " 16vl-,
D iffe r e n.t i,at Eq atio ns
u 361
l6xlzx-16
ntffiz = '# Ci,. = i
k=- + -v- = -l + (A) is con'ect
(B) O:: =r-ce'' =1-(.v-r)=--(.y*r-1t [Usingce-* =.y-rl

dx
dJ
and 'l): - = t. ,
rJx d.r "-.,
','it, [*,'1. Iorll - t.r * 2,,,lt1j'

' -I lusirrg/rr,' =.r.-.r,+2l
r/.r rt'.r'
dx - .r'-r-1
rcr = 2"r-- z,
d.'-
l- = 2! = *,
dxr'.r'
Arstr, zx+4y4-,'=o:rd! { =*"
' dx r1.r=- 2.y'
Htrrrce, Dt1nt , ;= - 1 :r (C) is correct.

{Di ,i * r,? =,.
dv
''t'- 2v.-.:- ,!, .r
.._
" dx=O-='> r/.r: 1/
t1L1
x)' = lt
11 r' r1 r,'
t,= (i.-r
1'
'-. = l?l,L
rl:r' t/.r' .t
ti"t(n2 = - l 0)) is correct
=+ (A), (B), (C), (D) all are correct.
6. 'l' *., = ftx\
dr
I.F. .. t:'
n", = le, f(x\ d,x + C
NowifO <x < 2then i-e* = yex =x +C
!e'e-'dx+C =
r'=0,y(0) =1,C=1
.' y?' =tr + 1 .".tii
r.. I . 1,i _. 11 -:
')
1 A1si. :) (A) is correct.
e('
, (,,' ._ (.r + 1)e-,
.1' -
oz'
Ans. (B) is correct
362 GRp in (-1tgul11s
!Hint,s & Soiuttoris\
-1'ry1,!rn1
if t>2
]dx
.Iv,,' - [t,'
2
.ye-" = e'+C
y -*,;'J +Cc '
as l,'is continuous
..
Irrn-r + I lirrrrt, 2 t('e ')
,. ,.-: c, = .r ;;l
2
:Je"2 = i: +(.ler-t
=C =2
.'. for .t , 2
1,-=r,2 +Z,.lhencer(3) =,2<:
).r(,-,.,,: lfl, | +1)
.r" =. --'Z;
''
.i,'rljr = - ')*,
:.t Ans. =-) (D) is correct
'i
7. Given that l,t/" 1',at12, lr--t1-i'-t2rrt(Zl).
'rl.r i- ,{i' d.r
, /.r
.'. Ilqtration Of tang(rnt lrarring yiositivt: rir,p1;: ;t .1r -: !i . f.J
N o',r, r'r,r'i I t' il ltornal, i vt's. Ans.

,t
., (/\
,,
l{. .\ - , r1r'
....' (,'
:' \,'(, } r/t'
r/.t y'l ,2
lntegmting hr.rth sir.lt's^
I
I' Ft l t
L tii. -1..',rl)ttlllllg' .t , '.tl.t '.til 1
I
iu
',11 , (- :
.1' ".r- r J"- i I
.ltztll
:;d +('-.1 -.-=-(,.r+C
I}
I
I r,
"-1
i *-(:l]
1- .--. (-" i -
-1,l= {, 'r
v ! 1 rt \.rtl r' !. \2
It*n'l
{l "lr*".]
9roVreR-{o}
dx
lir,r -1-t = 12
1l ,-:]
1+ g"'
and lirn I 1 =o-

r -()'
1+ e..
.'"Graph of the function is
Frrr-,m the graph opfions (A). (B) and (D.) are correcr.
Dilf e y9 rt.t i al- Eq_u o t t o n s
363
g. ?-rv{)' = *' + v'2 +

"dx 7
Put !*2 = t
dt-'
x - = x2 + t + I
d:c
dt--! -t-t)
dx :'t x
I.F. = 1
.t
, . "
Hence.' = ,i,t lla.r=-x - j.f oC
r ttt
J2 =r'_ t,C =oas j'(1)=o
Now, y(r6) = .,'5 =+3 = t,3 - f = r,l = +
^"
I0 ---talr - Ans.
Alternatively : we have,'zxycly = (xz + lt rix + vtdx
r zt''4r --!'!! ir + la.. .t't I
*2
='
i .*rJ-' =dl jl= a, i 1, - .rl
I
r;-----_ '-l
.'.weget, l'-" =.,'-1*c'i
l-{ *- _i__,_-;
As. )'(11 =0=C=0
-y2 = 12 * 1
Now, y(rs) = rl5 =3 = *i - l=x(, =4

- -:-+9a
40 Ans.
"- ---'d.r- s," cotr = sin2x,

10. Given.4I .r' i: l= 2 ll,inedr differential equationl
'2i
j3cotrr/r--
I.F. = e- o-3lntsinr'= --1=-
sinS x
cagl
."General solution is y[--!- i= [2sinr ]" dx +c = 2i"o*o"* cotr dr + c
"\sin'xi ' sin'x u
sin" r
As, ,(, = or)=, -+=-2+c =+c =4
I =(4sin3r - 2sinzr)
(A) ,[ 1]=4i\Zl
"1.6)
ll'- d\Z'1j'- 21- :1=o
364 GRB l'i'oirle ms itt Calculus (Hints & Soialions)
iB)y'(x) = (12sin2.r cosr

- 4 sinr cosr)
So, ,/rl 172x3 -Y.. - +. r' n'i -., -li l,-
1 g 2i3 (s
-- - =l - -z;i\
'13,'
Vl-i=l ---
i t .) ,.t J ,;
)'..), ----- |
(C) As, l'Q't - 4 sinr cos.r(J sinr , 1) ,. 2 sirr 2r'3 sin:' - 1i

v(r) increase in i jr ;
'--!.0':l l'
:
2
t-
tDt | (4sln'.r'
J .--.- --
- 2si1 '.r)t/r- ()
-- -_ -. --- 4 lsrn- .i r/.i.= _ al ll l= ..::
t4)
r --
Odrl er, .1
-l firturil')rl l'rinr,l ioit
Exercise4
lnteger Alrswer Type
2r' ,- li-r r'' .- 2lrt r . lnrr

V
_t
','t ..' ,,. rt.. t ll ,\
A.
I
Sincer curve is passing. througir i?. 2r ;inii . >r. l ."-l-'r.-Y{1.2)

.' i
{,.. .--( -.- i -. lL.
Srr. 'kt,h,'l ,ir
I irll,t,,
2 :a.
&r+-b=-2 'l -U,
ii r t
\.i
'
.'. C)n solving ri r andIuI).wegt'l o= I it
1.b-.(l
Hence, C1 : xy = 4 and cq11'e Clz is.r r ,. .1,:1 .. 1,.
Shortest distance betu,een C, anrl (,,, ,. 2\ ! - 2 = .,ig _
Hence,(p2 - q1=G4 - 2-62
Ans.
.)
2. Given, l4l - 2.v = t
x nt ,,,' 4,\' -
a-l
-. !. Now dividing
by .y', we get
dx r1.r "r
.Y .l' .v
!yJ ,/-r
lv -z t
l:
--1
;l
...(i)
.'''
This is a Bernonli'rr iljt{i:rentiai eqi:a-tir,rrr ,ili}sirttutipg | = t.rve get

2dy dt
--1 -" ;= (lx,'
y'Clx So,(,'juationii,hr.'r.r'rllr's
*":9 + !- x:t ..-dr * ? i = 2,,"

2 tlx .r = rl.r r
Difi't ;, ::tittl Equuliorts il65
a--.a?
I.F. = ,' ]"t - gli, ' =,,i^t
So, general solution is given bv
., *:t'z
x-/ = 2rG+('.- -rn
.i- +C--+
':2
==
-r4
--- + c
6 d .v .) J-
II'.r=l,y=-6, -+C=0
.2 =,' , v - ---
-6 1." . /r,l', :: -6
.v ,'l
-r
.t' -r*,.
dt'' - ,A
Norv,
dr
.- 2-l.t II,,n..,.t{'I - 24 =s. Ans.
-t d't l, :i 3
:tx
s. Ifct dl + tk - t\ l'tt) ttt= t:, .[ -. 1
(!0
'. _r-
.u]/ir) dt + ll':){1 - r} tlt - e' - l

Drfl'erentiate w"r'.t. r
i
../, ,r + lfrtt(lt * li rr(1. -r)-: -(/
0
Again differentiate w.r.t^ r

"f'(xt + f(x't + f(.rl + f'txt - xf'(xt - fi:t:t = t:
f'txt., f'(.rt - t'
I. F..,t:' ':.,\t (' =Idr
f'lx) e' = x t C; /t0)=, - 1

/1.u) e-' - t
I
r,=10
,,"'/i1t)i. t) Ans.
4. l' -- r, :: ,r?! X-r r
/ r'--0
Now. ir, I'-rl
:
m=-l
dv
t i --1-
"ih i'
:
.v-
--:.t
'22 -
.r
Integrating +c
12+y!-2r.-C ...( rt
This is the equation of a circle u,ith cr.rrtr.e { 1. (}.r
- 15 = 0 is tangent at (i).
.'. 2x, + 3'l
366 GRB Pr,,D/em1\ Cgly;ytr1s (I/r.1fs & !o1,1{lol ,'J
Perpendicular from (1, 0) on the line = r

-.!5-i= .,1+e
',? v
r
"'13
C -r 1= 13+C = 12
Hence the currre is r + yz * 2x = 12
2
Length of tangent is ,f = nii = .li

n=3 Ans.
5. Thtr equation of normal at (x, yt is
',| (X -t)+(Y - 'r1 d-)- =6
Y- ''v= --ltX -r) =+
dy clr
dr
dv
I+1'
OA=x*r-9-
"dx and oB=-
r./ r'
Q'r
dr
Given,
11
----'l
- =f
OA OB
r*41:=r+vdl
dx 'dx
ly-bdy+(r-1)dx=O
Integrating, rve get(j!, - 1)' + (r -- 1.12 = C
(3, 3) lies t n this curve,
C=8
Hence curve is circle (r - 7)2 + (y * ltz = \2ii)2
Thedirectorcircleof(r-1)2 +(y - 1)e = rz{il2 is(x * 1t2 +ty -1)2 = 42
Radius = 4 Ans.
6. -v"1r'=
: 1
.f
t'v =-__
.v

(r''t2 1
"'2 = -
zr-"''
Puttingr = 1, J = land y'(1) = 0
I
0=l+(1 -1
,+C= -i
,
(y')'=_1 _1
22y)2
ttifill;ylytt,iui Equaiion: 36;
(y'\''-' 1I, l ==; iJ'. r., - | ..-:...

- v) -).v = r ,,tl
\i -.t''
.'t -- .-.r''.---:l
J,- J. y vil _ ),2
Taking as r'vc sign

t
[- ..t''r/r - J[ta.t
'1-.r''
Putting )' .,t *.v'di ---,l/f
i' dt,,.r: i- i,,,.1 1 - t ) = ?2 --.r - 2ttit .. 2:i!t
'\l i
f'-l/''..
-t ^
, . -..\:-r-':. r'1./':r-+t..,; ,,1 .r'1 .\+/-
Putting"r' = l- r'ili ,,. I
't-=
-. 1-=:.- ..'1 1':l -t - 1 ., I '- l'2 .= r' - 2t' + I
'l .- 2,- -
:l
l, .t'
,, ., nlii - .,' /i.., {'.'.t: .: o ;/.t e- r),}

Taking as n()gilf,lve lrigrt wt' rvill oht.ain the saure f'unction.
o ;r..
f 'lxt = -:-- :' ,,, .. Q:1 .1 ., l whirh is point of maxima.
2n'k ' 2
'. Maximtltn vitltre'rll /'{.i ' ' l'lr -' ,2 - i = 1. Ans.

ffi
*.-/ ,
1
1. crearrv, we have lrf * i"ir,, trx = 1.
i
I
using
Jsinr dr -ol
(l
/r sinA 1
=? ;- -COS.r -. I
a il,
=+ A sinA + 2t1 + cosAl .= il

So, fr sinA + 2 coslr .- 0 Ans.
i
i,
Aliter: we ha'e,'Ji[i ,.irr* sirri:.r

*-= - /, '-'.'" ir1.r = l
sij Ipgu.r. _'l _
crint,
r
l.JJ,,l.:,. ]
'1 (- cosl',l -.f'^lA(xrrf = 1=+rl c.sA + 1r - i :ii-/t

"2kqr" ;7, = 1=+- 2cos/r - # sin* = 0
=+ ft-"in/e -2cosle=0 Ans.
I )'=x-x2,!=tnx
I e
4 = firr -.rr)d.r. *-
;t 'l
2 -'"31,,, --lt)I -Il:ll = t)-' 1
i
Hence, m<O
Area Under Curue 3'39
l*-*'=^*
I
1-m
'-i" lx2+(m-1)r=0
lr* - r') - <rrona* =Z
lr, *r, =l_ m
0
lr, =o; xz=1-m

11 - 17v1!-
2
r' | =i9
^tl-m
-3-1.
2
(1- m)B _(r-I1)'=g

2
7(L-*)" =9
62
(1-m)3 =27*7-m=3
m=-2 Ans.
1
3. Let An =
3{r
Jr - )c2)" dx
0
Putr2 =t =xd,x =!2 d,

r1 11-
" A-
--n = ![r
oJ ff - t\" d.t =I [i"(t -t)dt (Using King property)
oo 2J
A, rt 1
-_l-----l
1 )
2ln+t n+2)
a =1
"n4 Ans.
n=l
01
3r + t))d.x =?U= e
Jttr' * 3r + 1) - (- 3D ctx + I(5 -
Area = (r 3 +
-1
lAl=4 Ans.
,,, r,
Q_RB froa4gnts in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
l
5. A=4!.J;, d*=! Ans.
G. z=vr2+++r[y-l (y>4)
. r-;--*
lvr'r4+i",ly-41=vtQ
x2 + 4 + "y - 4 = 10
x2 + Y =1g
!=10- x2
But4S-v<10
\fi t- 0r\6
A=2 I[(10 -r2t- 4t dx =z]0, - {- | =wa Ans.
{, L 3-ln
'1.
Y=;r2 +L ...(i )
dv
-'
dx
= '2r,
11
mN=-Z*r=-l-+.t, =a
-15 =
)'r =1* -
44
Equation of normal
y-q4 =-1f*-11
\ 2i
.Yf.f=
I57
-+- .P(, r,y r )
214 =-
Puty--7 -xinrii -l
' -'., =r2 r-

4
1
" 4
,.2+.r-!,=O=).y,r - 3. xz'i=-
-- 1 B
'=- i: +
o =''( lil - ")

-l-,*, +,ld*=''
'^'l*^- ,3r*2
d.t=----- _l
xu" =7/2
I
J,,lt+ '
42 3lJ* 3/2
13 I I
-li z-8-%l-i-s-a*A) lt I g g 27\
1'l_f_18_27\_2 | 18 27
t,s B z4j | 8 z4r-8-%*T-bz= 20
=fq_1_ 28 32164
e-2+ = 24= TZ= i Ans.
371
Area Under Curve
-'' we get
8. Solving ex = eo ,
gb =eo :+ .=Z
"itr'
al2
s-J= .e.-x - e* ) d.x --l- (e" 'e-x + r* )13/2
0
=(eo +1)-e"tz +e"t2)=ea -patz *1=k"tz -l)2

S 1"arz- 112 t(e'/2-t\2
7-[ , )n\at2)
s1
.'. hm --=- Ans.
a-o clz 4
9. fG) = tan-1r ;
f '(*) = of tangent as r = l" is of normal
i"rslope ]; 'tonu
Equation of normal i" Y -

; = - 2(r - 1)
/lnrl
Thus,r=0,r=[g )
Hence, a =[i,tur,-'rlarl-* +'I r* t- t')

\o 24(8 ,l )
=t-*!-L;*z:+
6442
k=64
o2 -b2
lO, mp6=?=a-b
- a+o
equation of PQ
y .1,' (* -
- az =o'a+b o\
0r y-a2 =(a-b)@-a)
y=a2 +x(q,-D-a2 +ab
t=kt- b)x+qb
.:. s, = jt, - b)x + ab+xz dx
*b
which simPlifies 6' 9-!9' ..(i)

6
'-: ',
,JI:
_ _* eAP:ylky::LQg.lcatus (Hints & Sotuiions)
a a2 1i
Also, S,'2= 1 -b b2 li= 12 bb2 + o2b1=!abh+bl ...(ii)
o o 1i
s1
s2
-(o+b)3
6 __, _\ai?2=l[g
abh+b't lab sla *!i *21-i
. sll =
q
sri-,, e Ans.
11. y=ln2x_ 1
. -___0
2lnx
+
.y
x
r=1
x>1,y'land0<r<1,yisJ
lt
a=jJtr"2 x_t)dxl I
li" i
i -,"
= i, rn2 *!,"r" -, j"(rro) - d*-("-!'\!
\ e/l
=l1,,-I)-,
e)
l\
i
i"\ * l
) *a* (, i)l
I f "- lr ,ll".:)
=i- 2ir ln-rll7" _ Ia,
r
l4i 4
I L Il= l_ -
i" li ;
("- -t--t--
iel e
Ans.
lz-tz-r) if x<2 [!ir,,o

l=*
12. r=l ;also y= -)
2-(.x-Dif x22 2.
-.1
-a-l l-*,,... 3/2
l-
e= | i*-!la**i l,+-*t-9]a, 3/2i j

x)
i,r\ *)** ,t
Now compute.
13. shaded area in 1"t quadrant is to be
excluded from the area of the square of side 2.
t/
=,1
[' - *)* = * - !'n*f,',,,
1 1, 1 1 1.
=:*-ln-=__:In:
1
299o LA22
2 times the shaded area
= | _ ln 2
Required area= 2 - (t - ln2) + 2= I +ln 2=D Ans.
Area Under Curue J ltf
14. f(x) + f(y) -* )=(x + 3)2 + (y+ 3)2 -

x2 + 6x + y2 + 6y + 16
and f(x) - f(y)=(x2 +6.r + t) -(y2 +6y + 1)
=x2-y2+6\x-y)
f(x) - f(.Y) = (x - Y) (x + Y + 6)
Now, (r + 3)2 + (y + 3)2 < 16
and (r-y)6+y+6)S0
x - y >0andr + y +6 <0or x - y <0andr + y +6 )0
Each of these inequality describes a half plane bounded by a line that passes
through (- 3, - 3) and has slope 1 or - L
Thus the set Ris halfthe area of the circle i.e., Yt =an.
2
Y=cx3
l,'cl)
15.
16. cos o.r

n3r
=0fiAX=-Of=-
22
n3n
r=--or-
?n, fut
r
2a
L-*'f"o",
A, = I cosaxdx = d, = +bintlif6 =
fr
ai" a |
tro
Itrl
160 I
orl=,*
I
ll!v a, -lJro"r, 1
20.
ln I I
lu I
Total area= -1, &.'.0< o < 1=(B) Ans.

ag
17. f"k) -'
f'k)
Integrating, lnf'(x) = x + c, f'(O) = 1=c = 0
f'(x) =
""
f(x) = ex + k,/(O) = 0=+& = - 1
f(x)=e'-l
1
Area=ir"" -t+L)dx=r'lt =e-l Arrs.

o lo
1_
18. A =2llr,rF-f
rol-' -Q, -ulay
) "
-2 Ans.
19.
20. Ar = area under the curve and axes
I f' tll
= jtr- x2)dx=l--+l =: ...(i)
o 3ln 3 L
Now,y=7-x2 .'. !'=-2x
y'(a,1-o2)='2c-
Equation of tangent to the curve y = ! - x2
(y-(1-o2))=-2c-(r-o)
Zo;x+Y=a2+l
= [ "1*', ol;o =(0, uz + ],)

" (zo )
A = Area of triangle ple =

irzr,
(oe\ =i qJf
2(!-2 +1)2a-(a2 +l)2 +2a2 -.1
a,=l -lkaa
49-24.^2
Formaximum/minimum,A'=O=+Bcra +Zaz
'3
- 1=0+ct2 = - f,l*o = t+
Js
.'. 0<a< 1=o = 1, A" > O henceAis minimum.
J3
[1 * r.)'
A=!\3 /- 4
41aJB
*=
...(ii)
J3
Since, A=kAr(given)
From (i) and (ii), l= = n.?* k= Z Ans.
3Js 3 Js
Area Under Curue 375
21. A=+><1+A, zn,.t i\

1 / --
r'i ;.
i
Ar= [ iJ,n t$-xz t,dx trll
v"s\-- l
Putr = a.ir, o*dx = 3cos 0 de

Js .,'3
2 -^ ^^-,\ rtl =? i'i.n"ze + 1) d0

*','
=j.rscosu'-cost
2
"" =?i!..ir,20 * el.'''
B..ju 312""'-" -r ri
zl I "';] ;r I 'i3 n-l 2 :r ;t

=slz zrr-2 z Gl=io=s
A=: 1 +-n =-3ri3+t
--
,i399
a =3rb =L
a+b=4 Ans.
22. Method-I:
1\ tt 1\ I j*"" *l.1- ll= rim l1- I i=1
Required .r* = ,fi-) I I _I--i+t---t+t
2) :,2 3l
i1-
\3
- 4) '- ,--\ n+7)
\n nrlll
l\
Method-II:
I
eY -f
1234.s67
A. = (height) x (width) = l1 - -t. ,
Area of rth rectangle
ir r+l)I
sumofarea=Jirio. =liT[('-l).i] i).(l-li- -l ]-,r1,
376
!@Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sol.utions)
=J*['-#)='
h n/2 )t
*i., /
23. J n'l ^( :n sinaJ-\ ,r-r
-r/2"os,
d.x=s
!o "u"* dx;; srn
cosx @r sin A
'? -
sln
l- Z i='lsin - *++l\-"
rll
.,--T-1..
Ans.
24. clearly, required area = Area of circle - Area of square = n
units)
- G[2)2 = n - 2(square
Ans.
f'(x)=2r +1
*f(x)=x,2+tc+c
Given 111) = 3 c=1
f(x)='x2+x+l
at x=0,y=1
ilT =l
.'.Normal y-l =-1(r-0)
r+Y=l
0
-l
Required area = -"1 -k2 x +t)'td, = -
ftf
-2
+
i (?-x + x2) dx
_2 x+y=l
z - '0
- tj-, = -L' -[r -
=
i" n :)]= f Ans.
At P, {-=3*o*
2
6
2a+l (0. 3
Now,area =jxBrr=9, 36 o I
2.,"^ Z %+l =.U+t=&(A=Bgiven)
Hence, a = l which lies in f!. !) .
\4 2)
Area Under Curue ol I
27. Wehave,r +y< 1, Lr + _y ) land(4r - 3) (4r - 1) s 0.
(0. l) it -1
_I i
Pi+ 4)
(t
ia
(0,0) o (l Brl .01\l( l.

I
[+ l.a ) x+y:l
+y:l
.'. Frorn above graph, option (B) is correct.
ttt ( ,-.,
r), *''l' . a -,1
28. S(o) =[[o'-a ---rcx =r e -.- | = L- -. -e
*\ a) \ '2o)o 2
r*
o+-
[.(g = rim
o ,--[
l!-.r"
, -l= --r
2
Ans.
)
Exercise-2
Paragraph for Question Nos. I to 3

!!=-4x(v- z,t
dx
jl-=
y-2 -
4x dx
IrlY- 2l=-2x2 +C
lY-2l=s-2t2+o -.n-zr,
Atr=0,!=2-)"=0
y-2=0=.y-fk)-2
(ir s(r) = max. . sin r, lr * 1l]

1, [;),
Required area = -1-rt*2=1so.unit. Ans.

2
(ii) i(r) = lnr
2
Required area =
[ "'at
=(e'")?*=e2 Ans.
(iii) &(r) = min. lxz - 'h. + 2, 2 + sin r)
Clearly, number of solutions = 4i.e., {0,3, 6 2n}.

Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. 4 and E
e
Let c ='ll!
J
at
,t
fk)=1n2r-C
'-l - ar
Area (Jnder Curue
c =? I4'.9
i\ t )
r, =i !l',,)
t\
1
a, ci !a,
1
c =[fd.t -c lnrli
0
c =! -c
36 =c --!
f(x\ =ln2 x -!6
f'@)=?!ttvr>t
x
2(1- lnx)
f"(x\=::-;-=0=+r=e
xt

y'0(.t)=.v0'(r) -.Y2
Divided by y2
16,rr r
Ie lo,rr
Y'\dx )
= -
Y
j =, ].ldY)= !!
Put
y - y'\d* ) a*
4L + t d(r) - -1. [whichis alineardifferential equationwhose I.F. ='$(r)l
dx 0(r) 0(r)
f S(r)= - )c + c-- 0(x) = -r +c
v
Atr = 1;y = 1;+(D =0=ec =1
Hence, y(xl = i(!-
Y(2')=Jt'l
2-l =!=+
1
Now. o(') =, - t
' v,J)
:,, GRB Problems in 9sjs, ! :t_: \!! :tf &_
| o
I
y t iyt 11 s)
(
,1,.
t' I s{l
2
Hence
r-- ar=l [,r - ,, -.--.-,---]------ irt
', I -Yt*t
x2
/" *[0txt1 1 | ,2rjrt'*(x - ltz J
!''
I
t l y(rt I
=
zi
[],* -
it
1,--L:lo.=ilGiLIl,.
*'lz*' - t, *rl il ;_,
f.tr x ;1-
*2)
|
Put2-
i - ;=,, =(J - \\,a* =t at
,'5 nt'
i'-4L=io,=tB-,
urttr2 Ans.
(iii) . d{r)
g(x)= -.r-1
-
.Y(r)
Hence, lg(r) lis continuous but not differentiable on R =+ tD).
, Paragraph for Question Nos. g to ll
(i) We have
f'rrt = 2r3 +3if - & t' *ato 2 - a) x + b

'' 2j
So, f'k)=Gx2+Glr-t l, +e (a2 -a)
\ 2)
Now, for f(x)to have negative point of local minimum, we must have both roots
of
the equation f'(x) = 0 real (unequal) and negative.
.'.Discriminant > 0
=s6ff 1-*')'-
L\ 2)
ztoz -l -
-otfro=(g^-r)'ro
tz -) 1 a€R-{2} ...(i)
-ol,r-&l
2)
Arso,sumofroots.o
=i .o*T_1<0 =o.? ...(ii )
a)
arrd productofroots rO
-3@2.- >0= a(a-1)>0=oe(--,0)u(!-y ...(iii)
6
.'. From (i) n (ii) n (iii), we get o e (- *, 0).
(ii) We have
8(x)= fJ'()
\- z)*'\*("'-'\
6 =*'*(t-ql, z )
Area Under Curue :-
, .2
Asdiscriminantofg(r) =[-i - r) >0V oe R - l2l.
\a
=+ Ordinate ofthe vertex ofparabola y = g(x) lies below r-axis.

So, aeR-l2l
(iii) We have
- 4 =h'(x) = 3x2 - 4x + c
h." tx) = 6x
As fr'(].) = 0,so0 = 3 - 4 + c*c = I

h' lx) =3x2 - 4x + L h(x) = *3 - Z*2 + x + k
=
As - 5 so 5= 1 -2+ 1 + h=k=
h(1) 5.
I{ence, h(x)=*u -?*2 +x +5

Clearly, rr:qrrired area
2 2 t 4 - e o r2
=it,oa*=itr' -2^r2 +x+b)dr=[+- ry- -f=*xl = ? (.nrr"e units). Ans.
o o 14 3 2 )o
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. L2 to 14
Let I'(x) = ax4 + bx| + cxz + dx + e
/PGx) ,)r_
Now, liml
x+0\ fu'^ -rr---u
q,
)x
,. 3\
hm IIPt-xt-2r31 -
___ taxa bxs + cxz -dx+e-%c
I =_ ti ==r lrm
,'of -) =-f)
I
**
I
.ol
J ' *4
So,e=O,d=0,c=0,
b + 2 =0ando = - 6
=P(x) = -6rn - ?o3
(i) P(1)=-6(1)a -?L)3 =-8 Ans.
(iilP(r)-6xa - ?tc:t = - 2x3 (3r + U
=
P'(x\=*24x3 -6x2 =-6x2 (4x +1)
-l 0
4
Sign of P'(x) (iraPh o1' Y = P(.r) =- -6.14 2,r'l
So, P(r) has maxima but no minima. Ans.
00
(iii) Area = f{*) a* =
t lC A*n - 2-x3) dx
-u3 -u3
382 GRB Problem.s in Calculus (Hints & Solutio,ns)
=-l6rundlo rf-1\n r-l)o (6

6r-1)t.;lr,)=[;,J l-x- -1 + 1\l=-lt(-2
1\
ls z)-,,,=sl e-l \s B 2] 81 \ -+-l E 2)
1(-4+51
=81[ 1
Ans.
ro l=slo
Paragraph for Question Nos. l5 to 18
0) f@ + y) = e* f(y) + eY f(x) ...(i)
x = ! =0 =f(O) = 2f(0) --+ f(0) = 0
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. r partially
f'k + y) = e* fU) + e! f '(x) ...(ii)
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. y partially
f '(x + y) = e' f'(y) + eY fG) '..(iii)
(ii)_(iii) - f(xt _ f'ryt - fty) _+ f,(x) _ f(x) = Ae, , where A is a constant.
=f'(x)e' e!
It is linear d.e. with integrating factor e-' .
f?)e-. = lAe' 'e-' dx = Ax +B
f(0)=0+B=0
f(x) = Axe*
f '(x) = A(x + l)e'
f'Q)=l->A=1
fG) = xe', f' (x) = (x + l) e*
f'G\=0-+x=-1
f" (x) = (x + 2)e' , f'(-l) = e-l > 0
/(r) has minimum at x = - 1.
\2) f(-x) -)- as x )e
The range is ll'(- 1). f(-)) = [- 1.- ]
le )
(3) lim ' r = lim 1 =0bvL.H.rule

x ,-*€ : ,-*-g,-x
00
(4)Thearea=
I -/trf d*= l*-xe'dx =-(r -l\e'l:_ =t Ans.
Exercise-3
1. Area (7) =
t't '"3
22= -
Area Under Cun:e
3c
Area(,8) ="-,J - l*'d* )=\
'o c,c2 )
=c_d="'
236
,.
llln
Area(?)
= u* 4.-1 =g
c -,0" Area(.E)
--_- c -O' 2 c'
l)
o x
Required area = 4x = - x\dx (flsing King property)

Jtrr,, Jtan(1
00
tan 1
Also,requiredarea= tanl - [(tar--r yl dy. Ans.

0
Zx0
r). * lfO dt + 2[t f@) dt = 2xa - ?.tc\
0r
Differentiate with respect to r
t'4 \
x(Zf(xt\ + | J/(t) dt l-2.rc ftxt = 813 - 6.12
\o )
Differentiate with respect to r

2 fen\ = 24 x2 - L?tc * f(2tcl = L?-x2 * 6x (Put 2r = ])
+ f(y)=3y'-3y
f?l = 3r (r - 1)
Now, verify all the options.
4. m=-L6;p =-10;q=10.4; n=14.4.
5. The areacouldbe of therectangledefinedbyy = l0fromr =0tor = 10,which is
100. The integral could range from 0 (example : f(x) = 2x - I}i) to 100. So A is
always true and all other options are not always true.
384 GRB A'oalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
lnteger Answer Type
l'Y=o*'
dvl
= Zaxo = nL
dtlr
=i
Hence, line is
t=(Zaxolx-b ...(i)
.'. (xo, orfr) lies on parabola and the line (i)
axfi=Uxfr-b
b = axi,HenceQ = (0, - b) = (0, - ax.i)
xn, ax92)
Now using (TQ12 = 1
xf; + 4a2x[ =1
o' =9:a*ttlo)- ... (ii)
I0
o*' _ **'_ + br l'" YJ *{^t *
Now, A = [{ox2 - trnc + b) d.x = oo
OZ ru32
= - o*o
0
- 9r3-- oxi + o*p, = *3

3""3
A, = t1,|= If f
1 - ,02
l- ,02(1 - ,02)
e e\+*[) 36
Let az = ^' = 13(1:'3)

f\r"or-- 86
This is maximum when rn2 = *1
2
11 1 1
--t2l*o*=l'-'--=-
A-1 A-r, 11 = 12 Ans.
Z 2 86 144' L2A
2. y' = 4x;16y2 = 5(r - 1)3
Solving,64x = 5(r - 1)3 =(r - 5)(5r2 + 10n + 1)
r=5andy=2nE
[;-, 5- I
Hence, A=zl[zJi a* - l'}t"r -D3t2 hcl
L" i16 l
Which on evaluating gives.
, LO4J5
A=--
15
Area Under Curue 3E5
L =104;M = 5;N = 15
L+M+N=t24 An&
3. Y=a-bx2
Whenx=\y=l
l=a-4b=a=1+4b
o=r'il-bxz)a*={*
O L
+]: =rl* i#)
JU
zl uJi oJif zl uJil' 4 (1 + tut'{T + +a
* _nlu" .?rJr*u.+-<t*+ut'" '\Lf _{ptJr-*u _g,*+utr,,)_o

db:elru '2bst2 l
]rL
l?b =1+ 4b+fb = l=b =718;a =312
A-i,, =
4 -.-.Tn.Nr=4-Js:_Jz =J48
;.(312)',1 "tz
Minimumarea= "[48=A = 48
Area between.tr = 3y - y' andr + Y = 3
3
a=Jtsr -y2\-8-idy
.1
= | t-2 -4g - rl'

-'1,=(z.s-s -ot-(z- rl
\ IB- )
Â.=!3
tabove the x-axis = '1t, (think)

t6-, ')
Now area bounded by f(x d.* =*,hence o<0
Given, J tt, - x2) -.(a x))dx

4 f(x):^-*:
a
0
Note:
- "6' d'=!
Solvineltt-
3
'., -x2 =a,x x-
(f -o)3 =8 *2+(a-1)r=0
*1 *X,2-L-a
l-a=2=a= _1 butrr =6
= ltoll= 1 Aris'
-x,z=7-a
) axl - tdvt o*_

b. We have .lX
|
- "\) --1.=.21 ' ,.+X -
dyl ldri "V --dy= ,zdt
dx
Taking positive sign,
v=o =+ =::E:rt ot
-z(dY-l'-rlql*
\dx) \dx) " dx 4
But no solution exist, as it does not pass through ( 1, 1).
Now, taking negative sign,
4r'\' . J 4L\- v = o =.!! -=:. fE'q

= z(\dx) \dx) " ,l* 4
x
Letxz + 8y = uz +?-x * Ad! = Zr* x+y=2
dx dx
'dxdx- x = - * t u+$= * 1= r) = * x +c =\f.\gy

so,r$ = * x +c
So, curves
"r" rff
*$
x + 2anar,r---. 5" = - x + 4.
=
.'. Onsquaring,we get2y =r + l andr +y = 2
.'.Clearly, requirecl area = A, + Ar= ? * 1 5 -i,
m'(grven)
4 ,= +=
So, (n +z)tru.. =5+4=9 Ans.
6. Wehavey = lcos-ltsinrtl- lsin-1tcos"l= - sin ''tri,r*rl- - """-'t.orril
|f, E
=l;-,. - ,,1- li-,,"-,,1= lT -,i F Tl= (T -,)- [" -+)=
4n- zx
Clearly, required area = Area of shaded triangle in figure

1 in\ n2 n
=-xt-txn=-
2 \2) 4 =[(Given)
t?
Hence,fr=4 Ans.
3n ):
.€
2
L
u2 2
7. An =-f *'d* +A, =
'0 -+* =+2'A, = oh
2nA. 1
n 2(n + l)n
- -'f,*'Â,, $ ('- ' l=1[r---1-')

n =123r\"
Hence.
n+t) z[- n+L)
Area Under Curue 3:;
1l=1=1 1=1= \..-r=2
'--'---'2[- n'.1) 3 -?=
Given.llr- 3 n+1 3 n+1
Ans.
8. Area bounded b;z ihe t = f(x) and r-axis from r = - 3 to.r = 0, is

3
-2 -1 0
! Ji*u* + Jtr+ ^[i+zla* + [tz+ i* +ua* v:f(x)

2
-3 -2 --l
I
= B)
3/2
) 3 .(. . * rr'o)-' * r'" :,
Z**+ - Z* rn(,* f;w* )
-3 2-r
(- t+ 2+Z,r-rJ. [, + z+'f;(1- 0)) Y
3,r -
= 0) +
lvl=fl-lxl)
=?+t+?+z+?=s
333 x'+ y': 5
14)] "
Required area = +[s - sl x
=20- 5n=p +n-q

= P=20,Q=-5
Hence, p+e=15
wehave f(x)=e+(1-r)hf1i *i
\e/ fota,
...(i)
i
f'(*) =(1- r)i - t{:)(- 1) + f(x) e f'(d - f@=l:: - 1- il11)

lelj
Multiplying both sides with e-", we get
e-' f'(x) - e-' fk|= r'[] -, - r{r)
.f(x)t=, .[-] - , -,"(;.))
= fte '
.'. On integrating both sides with respe-t to r, we get e-* f(xl = e- '- tla,
ie '['"(:-)- x)
= e-' +,-. *(:)+ )'+ftr) =r + rn(l) + r,e' ...(ii)
Now, puttingr = 1in equation (i),we get = e. .. .(iii)

.'.Using (iii) and (ii), we get )" = L' ^1)
f(x\ = 7. + e' + f"[l sr c' + ln r
\e)] f{x)
Thus, =
,
Hence, E@) = x lnx;now A'= i r fm a* =
o
|
= A 2
-(i)-' ='u Ans.
to. f' @) = o(*'

b=0ra=2
f(x) =!r.' - +l
Required area =
+ = 2n = 4! = k = 4.
4A
(.
l].. f(*l=)xe-, r)o
l-*,-', r (o
For maximum areaa = e
1
A-* = 2[k-xe')d'x
'0
= 2lex - (xe* - e. )lf

=.2(e - l)
Hence,lAl = 3 Ans. Graph of f(x)
We have y = f(x),ro 4 = f'(*)
rr dy f-1) ( 2\
I\ow'
a..l;)t=f-;.,, (Linear differential equation)
-1
.'. I.F. = ,o* = n-'"* =
"-l i
Now, general solution," r(*) =J ::): * +c
[,
v2
:=JC*_*C
x, JC v(1, 1
Asy(1) =L+c=-2
= f(x)
!JC= * * ? - z= f(x) = x2 -?o + 2=(x - l) 2 +1
tc
:1x - l)r+ 1
r3
Required area =
i,,,
- t)2 + t)dx= (i* - 1'' I
,/o
+ (r)3
(s ,el ! u-u
=(9*1)*r=B+B=6 Ans.
Area Under Curue 3Ee
13. .'. Area of shaded region

= (area of trapezium DEFG) - (area under /(r))
=!(r+1)
2\2 2)
,z-+
=6-4=2 Ans. GF
(r,0)
( 'h ) n -.-r-(3,0)
14.
--- \--'
f(a)=I-sin-'l - =l=:-Ztanrx
' z lr+rzJ 2
!n -,( z" ) n
sLx) = - 12lr.-tl;#j)= 2tan- t x
;.
y=f(x)+g(x)=n
2
Y= 1:l)c
Required area = 2^ - 2i nx2dx

0
4n
A = 2x - zin.! = =4.r,
33
lA) = 4 Ans.
15. y (L - yz)dx - *(y' + L)dy
+x(yz -1)=0 =) x=0, /=t1
fa:x=g (y-axis)
h:!=l
fz:!=-l c(2, -l)
AreaofMBC =!x2x2=2
2
Ans.
f(x) = x4- 2x2+ 4
16. Let degree ofP(r)be z.
2n + (n_ B) = B(n _ 2) +(n _ 1)
3n-3= 4n-7
' n=4
Also, /eD= f'(o)= f'(l) =l
' f'(x)=ft(x + 1)(r -0)(r -1)
Solving, we get f(x) = xa -?.xz + 4
1 1!g=p
Area = t-t*n - ?-x2 + 4)d.x = lru
q
, _1
Hence, (p - q) = 91 Ans.
17.
'
We have-
l*', " [o'*l
'--' |
flr) =
t-
-
[' 2) '
e(x) =
,
T
,=Lo,r]
_-1
'
-,r'; ..e,^)' "'-' |
- r); . .(,;,")
[r,, [r,
.'. Required area = ,fir. - *z)rt* **fo, - x)dx )
\o l
I
_,((t 1) ,r' r) n, r))

=
"[, - sJ ", laa- 5j - {[T -.-lt2))
1,
b,rrh fand g are periodic

with pedod = tr and symmetric
about x = El2
= {"'-{-tl -n'-n'*? =
\2483j1243
ri.n3 +bnz +c (Given)
so, o=i,,u==i,r=3
Hence, 2 1+3+8
1
rial+ lal+ rcp=
l*1.l+i. |;l= *.i a
312L2
L2 _l
18.
t t+tu + (4x3 - f(x))f@) - 4*6)d* = !7
0
1
! tfo - 213)2 d'x = o

0
f(x) = ?tc}
2
Area= !U\d.x =A Ans.
1
PRACTICE TEST PAPER.I
FOR JEE MAIN
r.t2 { 3cosr 't. $tz sin* dx = 6-Jo
ftz
cosx d'c
1. Letl=l ) ^.t!tl ---- ldx+l
-J
l*.irrr* l"- r/2 1*rirr2, 1+sinzx
];dfu; ".idffi;;
So, Put sint -'I
i cosxdx = di
" ,*,.
, = ), -d' ,, = 6(tan 'tli=lo
=61[ ol=sr=!!
\+ t 2 4
h=6 Ans.
r -l
z. ...4sin-1((r -2\2 +1)+8cos-1(( x-2)2 +l)+ px ' -li12)l=o

Diff.whenr=2
4 sin-r 1+ 8cos-r 1+2P- l- = o
2n+2P-1='0
p =! -4- = ^1-
22
* Ans.
3'f(w)=x
Now proceed
[*; if rS0
4. g(r) = 1*"; if r e [0' il
lo
Irt if x>1
No*,tiqi411IlltsQ = g'(1)whichisnon-existent Ans'
Ans'
5. f@)=2
6. Continuous atr =0andr = 1
:+ O=3andb=-l
. l'
'r = J-l ""o"' iL*
Ocos(2-x) + e"o"'
Using king and add
ZI=[trdx=4
t_q
I_A
Ans.
7.
392 GRB proOterns in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
8. Differentiable w.r.t. r
tf'kfl=f'(x)+Y-,-
Put
vf '(;= i,, + v -L
yf'(y)=y+3
f'(Y)=f+9
v
Integrating
g(y)=y+3lny+C
Also, /(1) = 1
C=0
f@ = Slnr +r
f@) o*
Jt x = JfSln* fd.x =9hr,* + x +c
d* +,t*- Ans.
x -- 2---
0.
^(r '2 \
-f
[[ro, ;) Z)o,
,0. =',
+ Ii;or-f (r*, -Z)'o. =1

' .-12
:+ lrrlr
L;-|,
-f-ct,
[ro,
q
-X)-o. =1
f (r*' -t)'o* =o
x
f(x) =
2
f(2) = 1 Ans.
'-'- ll. Putr = cos2e
f(x)= 20+ sin-l(sin2O) = 20 + n-20 = n
,'(i)= o
Hence, derivative of f(r) w.r.t . g!x) at r = * O. Ans.

i
l' costz dt
12. L-lim
,-,0
Jo
sin(rY3) lir(r + 2ea3)

f cost2dt
= lim ro
,{ sinrvs ln(1 + ?-xal) ^
jus u
%*
?n -
Practice Test Paper-l
l' cost2dt
= hmlg--
x-+o 1.1.?g
cosr 2 -1 1
=|1m-=-
x+022
L-r =2 Ans.
=
13. Givencurvesarers +kxy2 =-2andk'y-!3 =2
+ky2)
Now, "u, --(3x22kxy
and Y'=)c':bY;
- y'
As rmrxm2 = -L
(&x2+ky')- ?-ry r
A-..-...-- --1
%xy x, - y,
=+ 3x2 +kyz +kx2 -ky2 =o
+ (3+ k)x2 = O
Hence, k = -3
So, absolute value of& equals 3. Ans.
1.4. we have, f t$ +2). et f',(ildt
.
f3(r) =
) 3f 2@)f '(x) = (x2 + ?tc)e' fz(x)
But fk)*0vre-B
So, f '(*) =l@' 3
* zr\r.
= f(x) ={r'
3
+C
As, f(0) = 0
=+ C =o,so f(r) =+
Hence,
tlffo. | e'd.x = = o- 1= -1 Ans.
+ o 1-
15. Using the limit y'Y22
cgsY
-1
rllll-[1 - cos(1 - cos(1 - cosr))] - -

[]. cos(1 cosr)12
Vle ._
nave'
' ,-0 (1 - cos(1 - cosr)) 2 tco
1 .. It1 - cos(t - cosr))]-l2

| .- -
[(1 cosr)]a
=-.IIm!
2 x-.ol (1 _ cosr)z ) *"
GRB Proble m.s in Ca.lculus (Hints & Solutions)
1.. I1-cosr\aI .--

tr8
=-hml
g r+o( x2 ) xo
l= I r+0
limrs-o
l!$
ForfinitelimitS-a>0
=+ a<8 Ans.
16. Given, f(x) = (2r + 1)50 (3r - 4)60
f '(*) = zzoQ-tc + 1)4e .(3n - 4)5e (3r - 1)
-oo *l I
oo
23
Sign scheme of f '(x)
+ Least positive integer isq k = 2
[' hr
17. Wehaver + J0 41 =!'3' 6e R*)
_2
= x +(tlnt -flf;"3= !-
= lnx=L(Asxe.E*)
3
Now
lnr_1
xB
Graph of /(rl = l!{
'r*
Hence. f(r) = i- has two solutions. Ans.
3
18. lim(tanr)u' = lim(tan h)uh = 0
r -+0 h--->0
and lim(1" +
r+0
sinr)' = (1+ 0)o = 1
lim((tanr)u' +(1+ sinr)") =0+1=1 Ans.
r--.>0
*2tt''
J = l; (zsinJ* + Ji cosJi)dx
*ztt 1 yn2l4
l^ ' (2sinJr +Jr cosJr) dx =l ?tcsin.6
= ;u-)O
t
I
fit, xf'rx\
o
= L=2 Ans.
J
Since, C1 and C2 touches each other
+
lnr -,
JC
-=)OC-
=) lnr = l-r 3
...(i)
, 1- lnr
ancl - 2:)$
lC'
Practice Test Paper-l 395
1-),-r3 =2)ac3
=) 3).r3 = 1 Y: trx'
,-,u3 : lnx
, =[1]
\3)./
=(B],)-u3
11
'
From (i),
33r - t.
-1ln(31"t
ln(3i) = -1
^1
ll=
'v
-
2,.. Take/ = 3'

@(r) : 2t3 - 4t2 + 2t for, . [*, ,-l
LD -]
Q'(t) = 2(3t2 - 4t + 7) = 2(3t - 1) (, - 1)
v3 13
fl*)-i,, =Q-u(f =1)=0 Ans.
.1la
g'(41
22. =---=-=-
f',1)13b
So,o=1andb=LS f(l):4
Hence,(o+b)=14 Ans.
1
23. f'k)=j+ncos(rcr)+C
x
f'(2)=1*n*C=1*,
22
+C=0
f(x) = lnlrl+ sin(nr) +C'
f(L) = C' =O
f(x) = lnlrl+ sin(nr) Ans.
24. I = fo' coss r (sin(6 x + x)) d.x
f'' sin6r cos6 x d,x + Jo

I- = Jo l*" --i-
.o*6, sinr cossr dr
---li---
I=\+Is
(to"*)ul'/' (''
I. = -cos6r
'z6lnJo6 - a.irr6., "o'u'd,
.'.1 =It+Iz
Ans.
- I =!6
Continuous atx =O=3= a
Continuous atx =\*a+2= m.+b
Derivable atx =L=f,(l-)= f '(L+)
a=B;m=\b=4
alm=b Ans.
26. We have /(r) =(n" -' \*, *(o - 3)x2 + x + 5
t3 )
+ f '(x) = (4a -7)x2 + 2(a - B)r +1
Now, for f(x)to be monotonic
f'(x)>0VreE
or f'(x)<0Vre,R
Disc. <0
=
+ -3)2 -(4a - z) < o
(a
=) a2 -1Oo+ 16 < 0
= (a-2)(a-8)s0
= a e [2,91
Also, 4a -7 * 0
=) o*!4
So, aelZ8f-{I}
14)
Hence, number of integral values of a equals 7. Ans.
27. Ir= f {.orar + lcosrl) dr
I, = 2fo'' cos4 r + lcosrl dr
J xing
I, = Zff''(sina r + lsinrl)dr - zlz- !I2 = z Ans.
28. Given, f "tx1= 6(r - 1)
So, f'(x)=3(x-l)2 +c
Also at the point (2, 1) the tangent to graph is y = 3r
- 5
So, slope oftangent = 3
f '(2) =3
=9 3+c=3
+ c=0
f '(x) = 3(r - 1)2
Now, f(x) = (r - 1)3 +,t
As (2, 1) lies on it,
So, 1=1+&
+ h=0
Hence, f(x)=(r-1)3
Practice Test Paper-l 39;
so, I: @ -usax =llrtsdt =o

where (x-l)=t Ans.
29. The function is only non-differentiable where the quadratic in the absolute value
is equal to zero which occurs at x = 2 and r = 3. Ans.
3O. f'(x) = 2x2 -lnlrl -& > 0 v x e .B-{0}
hs%c2-In;r1Vre.B-{0}
Hence, & < minimum value of 2x2 - lnlrl
h <! +hz
2
Hence, maximum integral value of fris 1. Ans.
PRACTICE TEST PAPEB.z
FOR JEE MAIN
"'"' t7-tan2YtvY
.ln (1+r
l'^'
)
d'Y
l. l=1;r1{L
.r+0 "it{.*
x
Using L'Hospital's rule
1
/,,. [1-tan2(ln(1+xl)1rn'irii
- lrm_ (1- )
r+0 (1 + r)
- lim
1 tan2(ln(1+r))
, r+O ln (1+r )
=g
.. l.m (2ln (1+x )i .2
- trm
r+o 2ln (1+-r )
=e
tanO .)
=e -r( *r,o
luslnglm- =ll Ans.
\ a )
2. We have 4xe't = y + 5sin2 r ...(i)
Put r = 0, in equation (i), lr'e get, =0
(0, 0) lies on the curve
Now on differentiaiing equation (i) w.r.t..r, we get
4e" + 4xer, [ *
dt *r] 1osinx cosr
\ dx ") = dx
"
+
= J'(0) = 4 Ans.
a([' at I
_
;t.
\J,-
..-..'...'-_ / =Y= d(y-r)
-L----aa
dy dy
:) 1-d* =*
dy
1 _dv
t_ i - a*
-s-
= lil=Jat
- Y=-ln(l-x)+C Ans.
4. .'. sin-l {x2 + x + 1) + cos-1(rs + 1) : I
2
If x2+x+1=l-r+1
*' *(l- )Jr :0
- 'i:
Practice Test Paper-2
= r=0orr=1"-1
sin-l(r2 +n + 1)rryill exists if-1 < *2 + *+ 1<1
+ *2 +* <o
= -1<r <0
For exactly two solution
-1"<)"-1<0
= 0<1"<1
o=0andb=1 Ans.
5. Using King
sin* + cosr
I = J-irnl4
lu",n
I tr\
,,
-t r- i
1+el 4t
/ r\
r\nl4
I=l )_kt4
(cosr + sinr) l'-, J,
/ ni
lx- I
1+e\ 4t
u = f;|,,r^(cosr + sinr) dr
1 5tl4
= (sinr - .o.r)
I _*rn
(-r 1) (-r 1)
\,fz Jr) \J, jr)
=l--.+-l-l..+ - |
2I=0=.I=0 Ans.
6. I = lim cot-1 (cot(r - 1))
fr
x)
2
I = lim cot-1(tan(h+ 1)) = cot-1(tanl) =

h+O
I2 - 1
m= lim(rlrl-1)=n-1
rI
x-)
2
l-m=--\ Ans.
2
I
7. flx) = cxe-x -1=

2
+r,we musthave, f'(r) <0 V r <0
=(1-x)(ce-' +1)<0Vr<0 =
c1-e* Vr<0
so,c€(--,-il + Leastvalue ofcz =l Ans.
8. Y-y=7n(X-x)
forX-intercePtY=0
X=x-!*m,
.100 GRB noOtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Hence x-L=y
m
Of
dvy
---:- ----=--=
dr-.-y
xdy-ydy=ydx
= -ydy = ydx -xdy
-ydy _ydx-xdy
y2 y2
.( r\
-dy- -dt-l
= y [y,,
Hence -lny=x qg
v
At X=1,!=l=C=l
Hence !=e.e-t/Y
ex/v
" =- e
v
yet/Y = e Ans.
Aliter:
dx (-t)
_+l_lr
dv - -1 (linear differential equation)
Iy,l
9. f'(x)=3x2 +a
f '(a1 = goz +a
and f'(b)=3b2 +a
fu2 +a=Jbz +a
a2 -b2 =o
(a-b)(a+b)=0
Since a-b*0
a+b =O
Now f(1)=1*a*b=L Ans.
10. limr" = 4 let I = x** hence as.r -+ O, x, ) l
r --;0
L=(O)'-1=-1
11. P is (2, 4). Ans.
12. g(x)+g.(5050-x)=c
Put x =0
1+100=c
c=101
I = !6050
g(x) d.* (Use King and add)
27 =
Jo'uoto ld.x =101. 8050
r=101xb0b0
2
101
h_
2
13.
M, JL1Ty' = 2sin-1x
(L- x211y'12 = 4(sin-1 x)2 = 4Y
(l- x2)2y'y" -(y')22x = 4y'
(l- tc2)2y" - %y' - 4
(l- xz)y" - x!' = 2 Ans.
15. Solve Cl andC 2
= y2 +2Y -8=0
1Y+4)(l-2)=O
= !=2
+ *=2r_2
2x+2yyr=l
!' =-x| = -11= ftl!
!t
2,x = 2yr
Y'=2=m2
lol
tano=l " l=3
11- 2l
0 = tan-1 3 Ans.
16. T,
11111 =-'-
Jn ."1, Jr'n lr z n "lr I n
"-
'l; -
Hencesum=
:2#"= I: # = rlJi). = Ans.
17. f'(*) =l(2x)3 - 2(%) + 4)2-[(r - l)s - 2(x -1) + 4]
f '(l) = 218 - 4+ 4l - [0 - 0 + 4) = 72 Ans.
(0,0)
I -r: GRB Problems in Calculus (H-ints & Solutions)
Area=
Ju
rr*3 +Br + 1) -r-B))dr *fi rs-(r3 +Br + 1)) a* =2 Ans.
2
l!,, .ir,,in*
lg. 1= Jo sinSr - sinr
[^/2
sinx +
*^
a* +' Jo d*
+
I=Ir+12 "os, "oa,
Now King and add in 1,
21,
'2=!
Ir-n
'4
, _ 1n/2 2(cos2r\ sinr
11_l^----:--aX ,
,u slnr + cos.n
rl2
e
= 2)o sinr(cost
- sinx)dx
= !0"'' sin?.x dx - ,lr"'' sin2 x d.x
. -rl2
L=-!cos2,
'2 I -2.Tr=r-I
4-2
Jo
I=Ir+1,=7-fr+ft Ans.
24
20.
21. Put x2 -l=t
, =;!: tan-'t dt 1
ftur,'ttl'-S'-J-.atl
2 L lo Jo L+t, I
I=!-1.1k,r,= ! ln2
8 22 8 Ans.
22. f '(*) *! ffil = !
x
I.F. = r
x'f(x) = x +C
f(G)=2=C=1
fQ) =y+]
x Ans.
23. '.'/(0) = 1
The point where curve crosses y-axis is (0, 1)
Slope of tangent = f '(O) = (fODZ + E 6
=
.'. Equation of tangent is :
y _t= 6(r _0)
= 6x-y+1=0 Ans.
.rirr?I.... ,rrrl)''i
24. LeLp = tim
n +-\{,.irll
2n 2n 2)
lnp = ri* 1$ ml.irIl)=f' m(.i,Il)a,

n+anLt-, \ 2n) J0 \ 2)
InP = hl
2
= p=12 Ans.
__n
qL
25.
dt = "''=rd!
2"lt' dt
=g-2.t
At 6=l,thenx=e,y=3,
d* .4 =t
dt =n2dt
Hence, the slope of the tangent Iine is ?, h".r." equation of tangent line is
e
o
y = 1x +l Ans.
e
26. Givenrimit=ltffi
' ['-. )
put * = I- h,we get
2
1-coshcos1hcosShcos7h (o^ \
Givenlimit=rir
o-lo o, [o'o'*)
=1ttnB2+52+72)=1tr*g +25+49)=42 Ans.
2' 2'
27. I = J_n
[* (1+cos.r +cos2x+...+cos(2013r))(1+sinx+sin2r+...+sin(2013x))dx
Using King and add
ln 2(!* cosr + cos}x +...+
2I = J_n cos(2013x))dx
= I = J-r [n (.o., + cos2x +...+ cos(20L3gDdx

ln ldx + J-r
= 21"
JO
tdx + 2ln ("os, + cos2x +...+ cos(2011x)) dx = 2r
= I=2n r-(r-1)- =tan-l x-tan-1tl-1r

Ans.
28. cot-l (1 -r+r2)=tar-'--==tan-l
l- x + xz l+ x@ -l)2
Also,
I tan-1(r - t\ dx = -f tan-L x d.x
i r* GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Therefore,
f cot-I (1 -r + x2) dx= tturr-' r - tan-l(r zfi tan-l x dx
f -L))d.x =
Hence I*':::-::l:
__-L""-'
. tu
-2 Ans.
29. For domain point of view

0<x2+r+1<1
but x2+x*r>i
4
E
)srlx2+x+t<t
:+
=
,trr-, 6[*4 * al1 3 ! Ans.
,1
,-1 ,ur.. lff*ry;.*rlrlur

timl [' (l+x)x fuc\
i+o\Jo r.-o[--t].+1 lr,J
/ = trmt I
2i+r - llur
= h-f (1- form)
r.+o( 7,+t )
,,, r zr-1 -r-;.-rl ]
,.- [ zr' -z-r. )
).-o IlI' l,+1 I r ,ol ).()"+l)
=e
I
=e
.. (ztz^-tt
liml:-. "-r;,\
=r'-o[ ^ J=
"21n2-7
r"l.a]
-e"1"] - !
e
Ans.
PRACTICE TEST PAPER-3
FOR JEE MAIN
1. Given curves touch each other at (1, 0)
p + q+l=O ".(i t
and r-1=0
r=1 ...(ii)
Also dY) =r- 2r=r- 2

dx ),=,
,
and dyl
.l -2+P
dx ),=r
p+2=r-2
= r-p=4 ...(iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
+ P= -B)Q=2;r=l
p2 +q2 +r2 =14 Ans.
ln(.r3 - 3x2 +3x) ,. *3 -3x2 +& - 1
2. -hm-==-_ ^ =-llm-_-
;:i J1- ilz ;; B(x -l)2
=
.. (r - 1)3 -lT*a =o Ans"
3. fQ+ r) = f(2- x)
f '(2+ v) = -f '(2- x)
Put
=0,
tc f '(2) =o
x=*L f'(7)=-/'(3)=0
* =-j, ,'l!r)= -r'(Z)=o
= f '(rt = f 'e) = f ',:,) = t'(i)
''l;)=Q
Using Rolle's theorem in y = f '(x)
Minimum number of roots of f "(x) = 0 are 4. Ans'
4. I=(-''
Jo ="""'*
(./3 + tanx)u"d.*,
Put J3 + tanx = t
1=J; dt = -11-l- = -L(^- 1\ 1

Ans.
," TV)JE z[' i)= 6
5. f(il = xlrr2 x
f '(x) = lnr (lnr + 2)
0 l/e2
Graph
f(x) = h
For one distinct solution
ranse of &is (f , *)'ror
.'. least integral value of ftis {0} Ans.
Let 9, cr, cr be the roots
r
cr3 = -216 ...(i)
Again
o-2 +a.2r+a2
r =b
o'(t*.* l) = b '.'(ii)
\ r.)
and o(r* ,* 1) = -o (iii)

\ r) ...
On dividing (ii) by (iii)
= o=-!a
+ '=-4
o3
...(iv)
From (i) and (iv),
/, \,
fql
(."J =2t6
b
= a
=a
Hence, tr.r-t [tur!] = t".r-t (tan6) = 6 - 2n Ans.

\ a)
7. 1= lna
A=e
dY
B. = cosh
dx
_t?
= cosh=th
...(i)
Alsosinh=h ...(ii)
. t2
L=!-+tzz
h.2
11
^ - * +1
k2 hz
1-A=r
y2 *'
= I=1 Ans.
9. Differentiating both sides
f(x) = 1- xf(x) '
1
'f(x) = x+l
1_
f(x)
--r+l
r = ll <w + t)d.x =
llo a" * f u* * ll u* = t+ 2= B Ans.
1O. a=!
6
, = rfr'u IIII .Fecr - tanr d.x = z(x secrl[/6-J]'u ,"., d*J
(* q* q*
I = 2l !.4o -111.JBl\ = ''L - 2h.,/B = -'! - hB Ans.
[6 Js ) sJs 3J3
11.
,r. l: (hxz - *3)d* = rffu k2 - kxs)dx
13. D = -:O = -:f
'4"2'4 =-
p+r Ans.
q
14. Lettan-rx=t
t2-4t+3>o
(t -3)(t - 1) > O
-l _r: GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
tan-l *>3 nosolution

tan-Lx<l*x<tan1 Ans.
15. Using property [! fwl a. = t fO +b - x) d.x
1= (L- x)uz (L+ x)3/2 dx

J_,
,I = [:r$ + x)Y2 (t - )du2l(1 - r) + (t + x)) d.x

2r = 2lrr[l- *, a*
I = 4 Jt- *' a, (r = sino)

dx = cos\d0
t = 2fr'' = Ans.
"or'gdo X
DIJ (cosrr)u'
lB. L= Ii-DNt = -11r, li
x--+O !i6 r-+0
n
let y=fl(cosrr)v'
r=2
n /< \
+ lny = )[1h(cosrr) ]
,f\r )
!o! =-itar,(.r)
ydx 3
-Dy = ti tan(rx)
r=2
nn
r=2 r=2
n
l' ) tan(rx)
.'. ,L = lim
r-+0
r=2
=
)t,
* B + 4 + ... + nt =
;l*P - rf= "' *{ - z
nz + n-2
Ans.
4
17. Equation of tangent line AB
y -G = -4(x -0)
or 4x+y=6 ...(i)
Practice Test Paper-l
Line tangent is 4r + y = 6
o
c:
solvingwithy =;L
(r-1) Y: x-l
(6-4x)(x-L)=c2
A(-1,0)
4x2 -10r +6 +c2 =o
D=0
100-4x4(6+
"2)=o
25-24- 4c2=0
4c2 =!
"1
c'=- Ans.
4
18. f(x)=-r+1
19.
20. f(2) < f(2-) ='i.< a2 -9a -9
1 o2 -9o - 1o 2 o =(a - 1o)(o + 1) > o
- a e (--, - 1l u[10, -) Ans.
But a is positive, hence o e [10, -)
2t. 2
I
=23?'33
22. f'(*) = -Ax2 + Zpx +g >0 V, . (+,,
_9
S.R.+?=t-!
33 =i=r=-tand
P.R..+-9=j=
33 Q=5
;. (p+q)=4 Ang
We have f(x) = @ + 2) xs - Sonz + 9at - !
f '(x) =3(a+2)x2 -6ox +9a=3[(o + 2)x2 -?nx +llra-'l
Nowf'(r)<0VreR
<L?n,(a+2) =az <k'2 +6a
=(r<-2anddiscriminant<0 *4a2
+10 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=2a2+6o>0 =%.(a+3)>0 *o €(--, -3] u[0, -)

Buto < -2also, hence o € (--, - B] Ans.
24. Given, cos-1 (r 2 - 5x + 6) = 2cot-1 1
= cos-1(r2 -sx +6) =2";=;

+ *2-5x+6=0
(x-2)k-3)=0
x = 2,3,i.e.,2valtes Ans.
25.
l^] f Ul a* + !" e( y) dy = 27 tnl- 8ln 2
and ff; f@)d.x =12-12ln3 +t2tn2

c27
g{ytdy 391n3-20In2-t2
I =
Hence, a=39;b=20;c=12
a-(b+c)=39-32=7 Ans.
26. We have f(0) = 2
Nowy-/(o)=f'(a)[x-a)
Forr-intercepty=0,so
x=a-f(d =o-2
'(a) f
flat - n
f '(a)
f'G)1
f@.) 2
.'. On integrating both sides w.r.t o, we get
'2 = ! +C
lnf(o)
f(a) = gn"t:z
f(x) = Ce'lz
/(0)=C =+C=2
f(x) = 2e*/2
. Hence k=Zn=7
2
k^
p Ans.
27. f'(*)=2rc-+
Practice Test Paper-B +11
f '(2) = n-x,=o
) a= 16+o, = 16
Also, f "(*) = 2*4
f"(l)=2+2n=O
:+ Cl, = -]-= A2 = -1
Hence (gr1""\ rs Ans.
\ 3-J=T=t
[1-r,tt re(0, 1)
' l,-i,u x>1

^,=)X
lt- ( z-(
A = rvz-t[- !-,))a, * Jl
ffrr' ( r-('-1))a,
[r )) t \ x))
o = !'*-,(r*. -*)*. !['.'(r.*-.)0.
A=Ar+Az
A,
' =zx*4-rrrl'
2 -.lrz-r=9-(ra-2+s-2J'-r'tJZ-u)
2\ 2 )
.q, =
Z-
2J, * , -'- ;J' + h(J2 - 1)
A. = 2x - *' *rrrrlt'*'
'2.1,
Az = 2{2 * z } * ?Jz
+h(J2. D -
;
Ay + A, = 5 - 3+ In(J2 + 1) + ln(J2 - 1)
A=2 Ans.
f(x)=frtl-t,at
,(*)= !)"$-t'at
,(i). f" hi at
= lr",h4 at +
f,Jt7 dt +
!u"
,{1-12 6 = !' Jt} at
Put f = sinO
= f'' od.o = ! Ans.
"or,
4L2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
so. f(*) = l* Jr} at

For maxima./minima f '(x) = O
f '(x) = "Jt-,rW = Jt- x2
qz(L- a2x2) = L* x2
(a2 -7)= *2(ou -l)
"L=
x2(a2 +L)
Put X=-J5
%t
4a2 =fuz +3
o=JB
* = [s'' Jr-V at
Put / = sin0
* = f;cos2 e do =
if;rr+ cos 2o) do
= 1[e * -1.irze]""
2( 2 )^ra
M =![J,l.l J5)- (t*!.6]l=

2Ll'3 2 2) 16 2 2)) L2" Ans.
PRACTICE TEST PAPER-4
FOR JEE ADVANCED
t. xf2(x)-f@)=x-1
x(f2(x)-1;=(f(x)-1)
x(f(x) - 1)(f(r).' 1) = (f(r) - 1)
Either f@) = 1
or 1-r (reject as/(l) +o)

f@)=1-txtc
=
f(x) = |
Hence, h(x) =
ldx = x + c
hQ) - h(2) = 1= tan-l(tanl) Ans'
2. Domain is [0, 1]
Onlyr = l satisfy the equation
*-{r(l*o)} = n-(n-[n])=3 Ans.
I \2 ))
3. f(x2y) = rzf(y) + yf(x2) v x, y > o
Differentiate w.r.t. r keeping y constant
?.xyf '(xz y) = f Q) . 2x + y .2xf '(x2)
yf '(x2 y) = f(y) + yf '(x2)
Put x =l
yf'(y) = f(9+yf'(1) = f(y)+ y ...(i)
Now again differentiate w.r.t. y
Yf "\Y) + f 'Q) = f '(Y) +1
f"{y) ='
v
=
Aliter:
,,,(i)=,
Equation (i) is a linear differential equation
f'(Y)=M ''t
v
f(x) *'
f'(x) = tc
1
.
d 7t'ttrx)-:f(x)=l
I.F. = 1
x
!=ln*+c;f(l)=6
x,
c=0
l=f@)=rln.r Ans.
4. Domain: [0, 1]
.'. Compute only R.H.L.
t\
1l ,-,3/2 l-cos-lx2 n
x sin-7 x2 _n x3l2 _M
e _e2 A e 2 2 -l
Iim = -j lim
TJU T' Tl x+O+
-x4
,
4r,- sin-r *' -T2*di
" +ll-'
-
= --
lrm
fi x+O+ Jc
= -!(-:\
r\2 ) = z Ans.
5. f(*) = xlxz - Srlek-et * [B + sgnrx2 - r - sr)l * h * I t_ry1|

t x2+4 I [B Ll,t+r]f
f(x) = x lx (x- 3) lsl'-st + o + ]
3
Now, check points at r = 0, 3
derivable at x =0 but non-derivable at r =3
- f '(3*) =9;f '(3-) = -9
Surn = 3 Ans.
(,. f(x) x(e" - ) 2* - (n*' - n-*' )d*
"-*' -
=
!
f'(x) = 2*2 ("" + +(e" - n'" ) - 2- e,' +
"-" ) "-t'
f'(x) = 2*' ("*' + )- 2<o
,2 -*2 1 "**'
x-
et +e-, a1;r>o
t
decreasing in(-a, a)
Jcl+Jc2=0 Ans.
l/^
+ 1);x >0
7. fkl=]tntr+"1x"
I o; r<o
Practice Test Paper-4 +15
Since, lr(r) is identically zero for all x

e@) = -f(x)
o( v\ =J- utr' * nE,l1); * o
o, '
I r<o
f '(-ln2) = O
Since, h(x) = 0
h'(x) = g
= h'(ln2)=o
*1 ( - ) *r
Now, g'(x)= lf+-=l-l=-'-1
*+^l*2+t [ ,lx2+t) Jx2+1
= g'(tan1) = -cos1 v
8. y = f(x) = *3 _ 3*2 +3x +1V r e,R
3
At y =10 x =3
.'.e'(10)= 1
-f'8)12 =1+(A) tnngentatx- I
Now, /(1) = 2= g(2) = 1

f 'GQD = f '(L) = 0 = (B) is incorrect
Now, graph of y = f(x)
f'(x)=3x2 -6x +3=3(rz -%+1)=3(tr- 1)2
f'(1)<0
Now, 0-2)= p(x-l);
line passes through (1, 2) and at x = l, f '(1) = 0
If line cuts the graph at exactly 3 distinct points the slope - p > 0
=+ Least integlal value ofp = 1
Also g(r) is the inverse of f and g'(2) -+ *
.'. If the line (y - l) = m(x - 2) cuts the graph of y = g(r) at exactly 3 distinct points,
thenslope=m>O
.'. Least integral value of m is 1 Ans.
Aliter: For Option (C)
f(x) = (x -])3 +2
Solvewith y=pbc-l)+2
= p(x-]')+2=(x-l)3 +2
=) p(x -L) = (r - 1)3
Either f = 1or p =(x _l)2
for three distinct solutions p > 0
.116 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=Least integral value ofp = |

For Option (D)
J = f(x) =(x -1)B +2
x=(y-2)rr+1=g(y)
g(x)=(x-2)us +I
Solve with ! = m(x - 2) +l
=m(x -2) +t = (r - 2)" *7

= m(x-2)=(x-z)ug
Either x = 2or
(x - 2)43
Hence for three distinct solutions m > O
=Least integral value of rn = 1 Ans.

9. f(x)= sin-r(1 - zJh+ cos'r e.[J-,, - *)+ tan-l ( J'-J- f.=\
\1+ J2r - ,l* )
Domain:re(0, 1)
f(x) = [sin-1(1 - zJl) + sin-l l2J; - 1l + tan-l tJ| - tl - tan-1(J7)i
[rrrr-' G-2J +I-t..,-'Jr:,.[0.1l
8
fo)=l
'\*' \'4J
lr
L8-
t..r-'Jr; , . [1, t)
L4' )
1 (-z\-
[,
{1-.r#l# *#'
r
t- r
-zJ;f\zJi) 1+ (''i)
r,(x)=r
L*
. ",[r*)_ -1 t
*, -4
(i,i
'[+]=;'%t=E
^r,(l)=
and lezt-4
Jr-o 5-
-24
[4,] 5
AIso f '(x) <0

/(r) is decreasing in (0, 1)
Also minimum value of f(x) does not exist. Ans.
lO. f(*). f"(x) - f(x).f'(x) = (f'(x))z
f(x)(f "(x) - f '(x))2 = (f '(x))2
f"(x)-f'(x) _f'(x)
f'(x) f(x)
Practice Test Paper-4 417
f "t*) _t= f '9)

f '(x\ fk)
On integrating w.r.t. r, we get
ln(/'(r)) -r = ln(f(r)) +C
Atx=0;/(0)=1+/'(0)=1
.'.C=0
f '\x\
.'.--=e r
ftx)
On integrating w.r.t. r, we get
ln(/(r)) = ei +C
r=0;f(0)=1
C=-l
flx) = e"'-r
1
Hence, ,l1ILflr, = e-r = 1 =r (c)
e"--I - t
1i* f(r) - = 1im
L
Also. r+0 I r+0 X
li-'*
= x+O
-1= 1+(D)
)C
Now, f(x) = e'

et -l=x
e* -lt =l
f(x)=e'-tc
f'@)=e'-l
y: I
x
0
Hence, f(x) = e' has exactly one solution. Ans.

11. f(x) = xs -gx - |
f 'kt) = 3r02 -9
t*3 xi -9r, - 1 -rB +9ro + 1
-g- xt-xo
grfi -g =@? +xrxo+*2ol-o :+ xl +xrxo-%3 =O
+ (xr+?-xs)(x1 -.rs)=0 + xt = -ko
418 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions\
Now,nrp =arfi-g, rnoe=rf -9rr-1

x1
{A) mq = 4nlp =3x? -g-(9102 -g)=B(-2-ro), -g - 4&xB -g)=27
*or=_13-9ro-1 _ 1-g-1 -g(-2)
**-' -frrr-rr,:il= /-B*rRL) - g =' Ans.
'ro|, - ,,' j 'l
-2 )
l'(lz'-Ll) - 2f (12-' - 1l) = 3r * 2 ...(i)
On replacingr by -r, we get
f(12-. - 1l) - 2f (12" - 1l) = -3x - 2 ...(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
f(12" -11)=x+2
On putting 2* - | = t ; t > -! we get
f(ltl) = log2(1+t)+2
lf t >0 = f(t) = 2+logz(L+t);t 2O
andif t <0
=) f(-t) = log2(1 + t) + 2;, e (*I, 0)
Put f = -y, we get
f(y) = log2(1 - I + 2; y € [0, 1)
fi(x) = log2(1 - x) + 2; r € [0, 1)
fz&) = logr(1 + x) + 2; r e [0, -)
Graph of fr(r) and graph of f2@)
Graph of f, (x) Craph of fr(x)
13. f(x) = 12 - 2(Ji sin x -cosx )2

g(x) = sgn(r2 + 2px + 5p + f(t))
Since, g(r) is continuous V r e R
:. x2 + 2px + 5p + f(t) >0 V r e R
D<0
4p2 -4(5p+fO)<o
p2-5p<f(t)
and fl') l,r,i, = 12- 2a = -4
p2-5p<-4 :+ p2-5p+4<0 = @-$(p-1)<0

= p e(1a 4)
Hencesumofallpossibleintegralvaluesofpis 2+3= 5 Ans.
n ( t ''lln'
14. P =
ll*[ [.*[;0")*.[#)]
lnp = ri* I i' tnl siniI..o.I1)
"*n?=r \ 4n 4n)
,nP =
fi'(("'T) (*'T))*
[' m["irll)a, - r,, [t,r, Il
tnP = ro--\----2l-
\ 2 = r))
lnP = ? ["' lrr("in t)dt -ln}= -ln2- ln2 = -21n2= lr14
nJo
:.P-l=o = a+b=5 Ans.
4b
15. f@)=l-&Jix-exg
f '(d = -N; -sJi*2 .o
a f(r) is decreasing
r( 4:-).
'[r-2,1 -'[rf41 .
8'-') ,'l - n" ,''u'o
-
x-2' 8
:+ , .14 10)
.'. Least integral solution = 3 Ans.
16. fk) = a,'l; flat.*[: f$-t)dt +s
f(x)=3Axz +2llx+3 ...(i)
A = I; fodt = [lont' +2ltt +l)dt
A= A+B+3
.'.8 = -B
llly B= fi /,, -t) dt= fi taatr -ilz + ?.8(r -il +3)dt
A=-3
Hence, f(x) = -9x2 - 6r + 3
I@) = *6x +3)d.x
frG*x2
(o > -l)
,1oy = -**2 arl = [-Br r - s*' + Br]ir

[49"'
L3 )-,
/(o) = -3(r3 + *2 -r)li, = -3[(o3 + a2 -a) -(-1+1+1)]
Ik)=-3(a3+a2-a*7)
I'(a) = -3(fu2 + 2n - L) = -3(3o2 + 30 - q, -l) = -3@ + 1)(3o - 1)
l\{aximum value occur at x =

*
rflj
\3/ = -s(
L*lI - :J
1
-r)/ = 32 =s #--l
\27 9 li3 I
ISI=3 Ans.
17. /(rl -. .. i'txz+.x(t*112t+2 -1)\ -

lrm I I ldx
=
r+0ro\--- ---__
e_r.f )
f@t =1, ,'[lt*. z **tt +tt'1t'1 t)*

Now, Hm 911)":'l = ri* n'"*'"''l'-*t' --
l -2
r+0 t ,r0 t
f-\xt = f e'Gz + ?at) d.x = e' x2
Now, LiGlxl = 1
*2 1
_=_
nl,rl z
Let f0)=\,*.0
e'(k : x2 l
f '(x) =
e-*
_ (?tc - xz) _ x(2 - x)
e' e'
.'. Number of solution of the equation (i) is 4. Ans.
ft^ +-U i x<l v
r=l(r-1)"+2 ; tL31
I 19-3r ; (&-)
Tangentat x=2
y-B=Bk-2)
&-Y=3
l+8i
r 1.,
a=rl1 o
I
il
'l19 o ol
13 i
12r
,a-T:;
^_64-p
=7 Ans'
P-19q=64-57
_". ,,*,
1g. f(x) - l'r - sinr]
I 5 I
rn anrl ranse of'[

.- i,, ro, zorris(0, 4n).
;*' ]
Hence, number of points rvhere f(r) is non-derivable'are l-2

Hence cf,c2', ... ; c12 are the values of c where g'(c) is sanre'
.." using RoIIe's minimum number: of points where g" vanishes is 11 -n
Inl
l- l=D Ans.
12)
20. Point \h, 2 - 5h) lies on the line v = 2 - 5x
3
Since, tu'o distinct tangents are drawn to the curve J = 'T - 3x2 - ax + b
Hence, the lirre ! = 2- 5r is the tangent line at the point of inflection'
Hence, the point of inflection lies on the line is r = 2 - 5r
i.e., point of inflection occul' at r = 1.
Hence, .y = -3
Also. (1, - 3) lies on the cutwe =+(cl - 12) "' 1
enu. 4t'i = irrz --6r; -- ct = Slope of tangent line u'hich i's' sqnal to -5
r1r,.-,
=3-6 *a=-5 = a=2 * b=l
Hence,(o+b)=3 Ans.
PRACTICE TEST PAPER-s
FOR JEE ADVANCED
1. Let sin -'1=e
./3
1
srnU - _
./3
'0i
CI,=sln-j
3
Hence,
' \ 3) --3 - 4sins
-----39 = Bc, - 4crB
,irrf e.9) = r.trr9
Ba_4cr3_sine=f
Also, 0=
"o"l"o.-l
\
1=
3l
J5- "ir-' J5)
= cos(tan-l 2-tan-r 2) = cos(O") = 1
p'
=
1-
:---l; =o Ans.
(3o - 4u3)2 rtl 1 )'
t'r5l
z. Jl@*
x+5
Put r+5=sec0
=+ dx = sec9tan0dO
I :H, sec0tan0de =
J {.".' 0- Dde = tan0 - 0 +C
= J;\ to; + 24- sec-l(r + 0 +c
= cosec-r (r + E) ,, .f *z a 1gx + Za a g Ans.
3. sin-r (sin2p) + cos-1 (cos?q1=4
This is possible only if sin-r (sin2p) = I
and cos-1(cos2g) -n
= sin2P = 1
+ zp = Znn+Z
{ ,-r
Practice Test Paper-\ ;,)
+ '.)
IL
=) P=nP+-4
n5n
D=-.-
= ' 4'4
and cos?,q = -1
h = (2m +l)n
+ o '2=(2m+l\!
n3n
= 'z'.2
O=-.-
Hence, number of ordered pairs (p, q) is 4. Ans.

I=t:ffi'nowPutr=sino
lnt'
I = ro 0 d.o = lntz 1+ g\-Y2 d,o =l ,r, * g\rr1"''
cos
cos0(1 + 0)u2 Jo L I o
= 2[*"
\I2 -z Ans.
" h r $*,?11r "

-
*f.''l'#fl;r1
u.,h)o
Differentiate w.r.t. ft
(sin(r !!D*'n _n"
lim @ + h\zors +l (sirrx)2ola
Ans.
h+0 I x,2or3 + 1
6. Since Sff@)) = x;g'(f(x)) = ...(i)

h
-l
s"ff(il)=(f 'k)\" ...(ii)
^f"(*)
g"'(f(x))'f'rt,=-l )=(W)
. 6-t,,(^.\
\J
'
- dx
dv -3(f"(x))2
- f'(x). f"'(x)
ff'@))5
put in given relation
3(f 'kDz - f '(x). f "'(x) * f "'(x) _k'(f "(x)12 _ n
V'kllu ' (f '@\n (f \1il5 - "
Ans.
121 $EBr,1rprery:__i"sy!:!!y_'*9!f,!:**f "t"t-"r)
. -'.r sin 2r
l'(x ) = + "--j*- -(3- c)sinr -3cr
7. '24
1 crtsZr
t'{x) = - + ::-=: .-(3-c)cos.r -Sc > 0 V r e R
'22
. 1 (2cos2r-1t
l'(x)= -1)---------.- +(c -3)cosr --3c >0 V r e R
= coszr +(c-3)cosir -& >0 V r
=) cos2r -3cosx+ccos-rr-&:>0Vr
=) (cosr -3) (cosr + c) > 0 V r
negative
c+cos.r <0V r = c< -cosr Vr
c<-l =) cm-x =-1
"2 = fl11*i,x
8. gtrl + cos.r)
Equation of chord :
!'- J' (* - *r)
! - tr = r2- xt
Putr =0
(lt-lr\
J=)'r-l--*-lrr
\t I e '
\42-x. I
y, -{ lz - Y,
ll2-rr )*) , = ?- r*,- [Given]
Hence,
!fi2 - !'fit * lzxt * ltxt ='Zxrxr&2 - x1)

h
x1-Lz-=bz-Lxt
xz
Zxr+lL =ygraY'L
xr x2
Hence, +!
=constant = C
?^r
x
Curve passes through(1, * 1)
2-L=C =C =l
2x2+y-x
!=x-'Zxz * f(x)=x-Zx2
r - ,, t1l2
e. Now, !f,' ,* * zr2)a* =l* -ry-
12
|
3.ln = 1- -1- =
812 24
1
f '(r) = l- 4x
1
i0. Also, >0
=r <
i
11. P(r)= f(x)+x=?x-Zr2
.'. Rolle's Theorem is applicable in [0, 1]
Tangent toC, : Y * y = nx(X -r) aty-axis; X =0
Y=!-1116=f(x)-xf'\x)
Given, f(x) - xf '(x) = g(r) - xg'G)
f(.x') - 8(r) = xslf 'k) - g'(x))
:3-._-=_l f 'k) - g'(x) 1
fk) - s@) .x
Integrate ln(f '(x') - g'(x)) = lnr + C
f(x)-g(x)=Crx ...(i)
Again normal to Cl : Y - ! =:1rX - r) at x-axis; Y = 0
m
lc+mry=x+f'(x)f(x)
x + f@)f'(x) = r + e|)g'(x) [given]
Integrate
f'(*)-gz(x)=c, ...(ii)
(i) and (ii) + (f(xt + g(tc\\= :2 ...(iii)
'- Cfi
(i)+ (iii) =) 2f (xl =C,* * C'
Ctx
(iii)-(i) = 2sk)=9r-C,*
"C$
No*, /(t) *92
= L=+2 = C,,C1
andg(2)=3+6
- =!+-rr,
2L,
iCr, = -2and Cz = -8
fk) = -* *2xxx
2-
= - *andg(r) = ?* *
12,
r lll.),.
ti (|..1*
l:A l rr,,* *r?1'
L 2i,
/_tt
(2In2 -l ; )
-r, ln16 - 3
(21n2+ , - tr16 .3
[i)
13. Graph of fk)
R1 = (-o, *)
14. Graph of g(r)
v
2
y---+x
x
dy.2
dx - x2'I
15. f(x)=sinr+afr+b
f'(x)=cos,+o
f"(*)=-sinr
(i) Increasingifa>1,
If b < 0, then f(0) < 0
(ii) If b > 0 and o > 1, then increasing and /(0) > 0

Here root is negative. .
(iii) lf a < *1, then flr) is decreasing and b < 0

-f(0) <0
Root is negative.
L6. f@) = 1+(lnr)ln(h2 +25)

1
g\x) =
lrtr 1
lim (1+(lnr)ln(ft2 + 25Du'-L
Now, lim (flr))s(') = x+l+
. x-+1+
fi- !1"'!"(4:?2
ln*
- "hrtk2+25t = k2 + 25
"x+t+
Now, t:% = 2sin2 cr +3cosp+ 5(& > o)
h
h.T= 2sin2 a +3cosP+ 5
(A - a\'+ 1o = 2sin2 cr +3cosp+ 5

U Jk)
f
L.H.S. = R.H.S. is possible only when & = 5 and sin2 a = I and cosp =
.'. A, B, C are correct and D is incorrect.
r7. f(il =:[:'' lcos?-xldx;t e (0, 1)
case r ttf t e[r, ;] then 4. (t, ;)

= fal =llo"'2 cos?-x d.x
f l-.sinz"f*t'
= fa)=l; z ),
sinrtf
= f(tl --
case rr zrrt e(;, t) therg. .(;,;)

= fo =
:l|'n corz* a* *
ff'n' - cos2x d.x)
2xl"ta
= /(r) = lhi"
t1 z l" - 'i,^z*|"tz)
z l.,n)
t[1 - 1(sinnr - 1)l = 2- sinnr
=
ttz 2' I 2t
t ++, te[,, 1l
\.zl
fltt=lz-zt
t-#4,,.[],.,)
Now, in (0, j]fo, is a decreasing function.
ffrl = I and hq/(r) = 1
,$l
428 GRB Probl.ems in Calculus (Hints & Solutians\
r'[0,
f,)rn'"
=+ (B) and (D).
18. f(x)and h(x) are discontinuous at r = 0, gk) and &(r) are constant f,unction therefore
differentiable atr = 0
19. A = lim f(x) = /(1-) = 3
r+0-
B= lim f(xl= f(-1-)=0
r +0"
I = g\f(x)\ is discontinuous at x = 2only.

20. / is increasing in I-2,21
/ is decreasing in R -(-2,2)
fr. is increasing in R - (-2, 2)
h is decreasing in I-2,21
md /(-r) = ld,x)
For JEE (Main & Advanced)
& ALL OTHEH ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS
rc. H. BATHLA PUBLIGATIOI{$ PUT. LTO.

H METTUT.DELIII .HYDERIBAD. XOI.KATA. MUMBAI

Sol. Sameer Bansal PDF

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Sol. Sameer Bansal PDF

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

For JEE (Main & Advanced)

& ALL OTHER ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS

I G. R. BATHLA PUBIICATI0HS PUT. LTq.

a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer I

a Exercise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers t8

o Exercise-S : Integer Answer TYPe 27

a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 38

o Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 51

o Exercise-3 More Than One Correct Answers 57

a Exercise-4 Match the Columns Type 6l

a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 81

a Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 95

o Exercise-3 More Than One CorrectAnswers 105

o Exercise-4 Match the Columns Type 116

o Exercise-5 Integer Answer Type t22

a llxercisc- I : Only One Correct Answer 146

o Exercisc-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 1s8

o Excrcise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers 162

o Fxcrcisc--l : Match the Columns Type 166

o I,xcrcir.i-5 : Integer Answer TYPe 168

a Exercisc-l : Only One CorrectAnswer 176

o Exerc,se-2: Linked Comprehension Type 184

a Exe..cise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 187

a Exercise-4 : Match the columns Type 188

o Exercise-S : IntegerAnswer Type 190

a Exercise-l : Only One Correct Answer 196

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension TYPe 221

f Exercise-3 ; More Than One CorrectAnswers 234

a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 245

a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 2s4

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 298

a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 317

a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 325

a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 328

a Exercise-1: Only One Correct Answer 347

e Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 3s5

a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 360

a Exercise-4 : Integer Answer Type 364

a Exercise-l: Only One Correct Answer 368

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 377

o Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 382

o Exercise-4: IntegerAnswer Type 384

Only One Correct Alrswer

2-LeLr'- x2+2x+o ...(i)

=(4y -D2 - 40 -1)

.=>a(a-1)<0 have a comrnon root then o = 0, 1.

So, range of/ is not equal toR. I

Hence,weget0 <o<1. Ans.

Also, 12 + bx +c =0 is symmetric about

f(2) < f(r) < f@) =(B) Ans.

= sinr ;Tt < x <y

h(x) =0;0 ax <!

Hence, the range of hk) is {0, 1, 2}.

7. Wehavey =py-xzy+!=x- 1=x2y+x-y(p+1)-1=0

So,4y2tp +7t + 4y+1 <0 o y. [-r, +-] =(2y+1)r + 4yz p.O

8. we have, f(x) = 4 cos4 (;l) t#l - 2 cos

r"B. wen*"",(#)= r=,. Ans.

= Iog zlf(il:= losz 3. log .

f@):,.ffi=fG) ,(:) ={i) + f@)

.'. p € (- 3, 3). Ans.

... [(xt = #(on rationalising]

',lx + 2l- 3i = { -',rr;u;

Possible values of p are 2

27. f() = {r} + 1, llx

(i)Required area=2 ! x +x 3 +2 l't x 3 =15 Ans.

f(x) --> - as x -+ -.'. onto. Ans.