There are several types of basti therapy used in the procedure of Panchakarma.
Basti therapy is defined as one of the most effective treatment processes
in Ayurveda. Basti fulfils many needs and the type of basti used during the
Panchakarma therapy varies as per the intended purpose of the treatment. It is
stated in Ayurveda that one type of basti eliminates the aama that has
accumulated in the colon from all over the body. The other of basti normalizes
functioning of the vata in the body. Once the vata has returned to its normal
functioning, the basti therapy is then used for nourishing and revitalizing the
dhatus. Basti therapy is defined as the most important procedure in Panchakarma
treatment because of its versatile nature. Virechana and vamanaaccomplish one
primary objective that is cleansing the body of toxins.
Basti therapy also fulfils two additional purposes. Palliative bastis help in balancing
the doshas and reduce the signs making the patient more comfortable. The
nutritive bastis nurture and rebuild the dhatus and restore their activities by
strengthening their immunity. Other than basti therapy no single treatment
provides such direct and far reaching benefits. Ayurvedic text defines basti therapy
as a major curative treatment. A number of different systems have evolved over
time for classifying basti therapy. Types of basti therapy is classified by several
means, which are mentioned below -
Netra basti - It is also known as netra tarpana, where medicated ghee to the eyes
is applied. The ghee is contained by a dam constructed around the eye sockets that
are made of the dough from black gram flour. Netra basti is highly nourishing for
the eyes and it helps in removing eye strain and it also improves vision.
Katti basti - It is retained on the lower back. It uses medicated oils in a container
of black gram dough built around the lumbosacral area. This particular form of
external basti benefits muscle spasm and rigidity of the lower spine and
strengthens the bone tissue in that area.
Uro basti - It is retained on the chest and heart area. It applies medicated oils in
a container that is also constructed of black gram dough around the heart. It helps
in reducing pain in the sternum area and strengthening the heart.
Shiro basti - It is administered on the head through
the use of a specialized leather container that resembles
a hat. It improves the functioning of prana vayu and
revitalizes sensory functioning. This type of basti
therapy also promotes kaphagenic secretions in the
para nasal sinus zone that reduce vascular congestion in
the brain. It is extremely helpful in vascular headaches,
obsessive compulsive disorders, disorientation, memory
loss and sinus headaches.
Utkleshana basti - It means promoting secretions in the colon. This type of basti
therapy helps in promoting the liquefaction of aama and mala in the colon. It also
helps the colon in expelling them.
Lekhana Basti - It means strong and penetrating. It also resembles shodhana basti
and is stronger in its effects and generally much larger in volume. It is specifically
used for kapha and meda dhatu disorders, where excess fatty substances have
accumulated which need to be removed.
Bruhan basti - Its main purpose is nourishing. In this therapy, highly nutritious
substances are used to balance and strengthen the dhatus as well as their
metabolism. It increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases.
Vajikarana basti - It treats infertility. It helps in increasing virility and fertility and
gives vigour and vitality to the body. It improves the functioning of shukra dhatu.
Matra basti - It can be given at any time of the day. It is particularly useful to
pacify vata aggravation resulting from exercise, travel or stress.
Kala basti - It basically lasts for fifteen days and is mainly used for patients with
pitta dominant constitutions and vata disorders.
Yoga basti - It is generally given for eight continuous days and it suits kaphic
patients with vata diseases.
Hence, Ayurveda shows that all the types of basti therapy are meant to address
serious conditions arising from the derangement of the dhatus.