BAB III

SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN

3.1 SPESIFIKASI ALAT UTAMA

3.1.1 REAKTOR ESTERIFIKASI (R-101)

REAKTOR

Identification : Item : Reaktor esterifikasi

: Code : R-101

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi esterifikasi

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Agitator

Volume : 5,789 m³

Material handled : Input Output Satuan

Quantity 6173,02 6173,02 kg/jam

Composition

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

𝐶4 𝐻9 𝑂𝐻

𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶4 𝐻9

𝐻2 𝑂

Design data :

Diameter = 2,134 m

Jari-jari = 0,973 m

Tinggi = 2,877 m
Impeler = 6 flat blade

Putaran = 238 rpm

Motor = 11.5 HP

Temperatur = 100 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Utilitas : Cooling water

Control : Temperature, Level control

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.2 TANGKI PENYIMPAN ASAM ASETAT (TK-101)

TANK

Identification : Item : Tank

: Code : TK-101

: Jumlah : 2

Function : Menampung asam asetat selama 7 hari

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Volume : 265,2048m³

Design data :

Diameter = 5,528 m
Jari-jari = 2,764 m
Tinggi = 11,056 m
Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.3 TANGKI PENYIMPAN BUTANOL (TK-102)

TANK

Identification : Item : Tank

: Code : TK-102

: Jumlah : 3

Function : Menampung asam asetat selama 7 hari

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Volume : 282,615 m³

Design data :

Diameter = 5,646 m
Jari-jari = 2,823 m
Tinggi = 11,293 m

Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.4 TANGKI PENYIMPAN ASAM SULFAT (TK-103)

TANK

Identification : Item : Tank

: Code : TK-103

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Menampung asam asetat selama 7 hari

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Volume : 1,028 m³

Design data :

Diameter = 1,094 m

Jari-jari = 0,547 m

Tinggi = 1,132 m

Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.5 TANGKI PENYIMPAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA (T-104)

 TANK

Identification : Item : Tank

: Code : TK-104

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Menampung asam asetat selama 7 hari

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Volume : 117,336 m³

Design data :

Diameter = 3,374 m

Jari-jari = 1,687 m

Tinggi = 6,749 m

Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.6 REAKTOR NETRALISASI (R-102)

REAKTOR

Identification : Item : Reaktor esterifikasi

: Code : R-102

: Jumlah : 1
Function : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi netralisasi

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head

Stainless steel

Agitator

Volume : 12,772 m³

Material handled : Input Output Satuan

Quantity 9738,981 9738,91 kg/jam

Composition

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

𝐶4 𝐻9 𝑂𝐻

𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶4 𝐻9

𝐻2 𝑂

NaOH

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎

𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4

Design data :

Diameter = 2,011 m

Jari-jari = 1,005 m

Tinggi = 4,44 m

Impeler = 6 flat blade

Putaran = 84 rpm

Motor = 4,427 HP

Temperatur = 50 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Utilitas : Cooling water

Control : Temperature, Pressure, Flow rate

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.7 DECANTER (V-101)

VESSEL

Identification : Item : Decanter

: Code : V-101

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Memisahkan larutan berdasarkan berat jenis

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Horizontal

Carbon steel

Volume : 2,177 m³

Material handled : Lapisan atas Lapisan bawah

Quantity 7796397,445 2286901,171

Composition

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎

𝐶4 𝐻9 𝑂𝐻

𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶4 𝐻9

𝐻2 𝑂

Design data :

Panjang = 2,773 m

Tinggi = 1,386 m

Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm
Utilitas : Cooling water

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.8 KOLOM DESTILASI I (T-101)

PACKING COLUMN

Identification : Item : Distillation Column

: Code : T-101

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Memisahkan larutan berdasarkan titik didih

Operation : Kontinyu

Material handled : Feed Destilat Bottom Satuan

Quantity 7771,399 498,368 7273,031 kg/jam

Composition

𝐶4 𝐻9 𝑂𝐻

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶4 𝐻9

𝐻2 𝑂

Design data :

No of tray = 12 plate

Tray spacing = 20 in

Reflux ratio = 0,0039147

Feed stage = 7

Diameter = 0,5 m

Tinggi = 4,44 m

Tekanan = 1 atm

Liquid density = 895 kg/m³

Vapor density = 2,1 kg/m³

Utilitas : Steam and Cooling water

Control : Temperature, Pressure, Flow rate

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.9 AKUMULATOR (V-102)

VESSEL

Identification : Item : Accumulator

: Code : V-102

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Menampung kondensat kolom destilasi 1

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Horizontal

Carbon steel

Volume : 2,26 m³

Design data :

Panjang = 4,052 m

Tinggi = 0,9 m

Temperatur = 110,8 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.10 KOLOM DESTILASI II (T-102)

PACKING COLUMN
Identification : Item : Distillation Column

: Code : T-102

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Memisahkan larutan berdasarkan titik didih

Operation : Kontinyu

Material handled : Feed Destilat Bottom Satuan

Quantity 7273,031 4870,66 2402,371 kg/jam

Composition

𝐶4 𝐻9 𝑂𝐻

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶4 𝐻9

𝐻2 𝑂

Design data :

No of tray = 42 plate

Tray spacing = 20 in

Reflux ratio = 7,9

Feed stage = 26

Diameter = 2,6 m

Tinggi = 21,846 m

Tekanan = 1 atm

Liquid density = 833,18 kg/m³

Vapor density = 2,3 kg/m³

Utilitas : Steam and Cooling water

Control : Temperature, Pressure, Flow rate

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.11 AKUMULATOR (V-103)

 VESSEL

Identification : Item : Accumulator

: Code : V-103

: Jumlah : 1

Function : Menampung kondensat kolom destilasi 2

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Horizontal

Carbon steel

Volume : 1,39 m³

Design data :

Panjang = 2,21 m

Tinggi = 0,68 m

Temperatur = 117,8 °C

Tekanan = 16,17 psi

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

3.1.12 TANGKI PENAMPUNG PRODUK BUTIL ASETAT (TK-106)

TANK

Identification : Item : Tank

: Code : TK-106

: Jumlah : 2

Function : Menampung produk selama 7 hari

Operation : Kontinyu

Tipe : Silinder tegak

Torispherical head
 Stainless steel

Volume : 247,697 m³

Design data :

Diameter = 5,403 m

Jari-jari = 2,701 m

Tinggi = 12,029 m

Temperatur = 30 °C

Tekanan = 1 atm

Control : Flow rate, Level indicator

Tolerances : AP Atandar ( American Petroleum Institute, Chapter VI)

Comment & drawings : Lokasi ditunjukan pada flow sheet

 PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT

1. Tangki Penyimpanan Bahan Baku Butanol

Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan C4H9OH sebagai bahan baku selama 7 hari

Bentuk : Tangki Silinder tegak

Bahan : Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C

Temperature : 30°C

Tekanan : 1 atm

𝑘𝑔⁄
Ρ bahan : 810 𝑚3

A. Menghitung kebutuhan C4H9OH dan volume tangki

Kapasitas produksi : 30.000 𝑡𝑜𝑛⁄𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛

Hari kerja 1 tahun : 300 hari

𝑡𝑜𝑛 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 1000 𝑘𝑔
Kapasitas produksi = 30.000 × × ×
𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 300 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑘𝑔
= 4.166,667 𝑗𝑎𝑚

𝑘𝑔
4.166,667 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Molaritas (n) = 𝑔𝑟
116 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 35,92 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

Nilai X = 78,03 %

35,92 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Maka jumlah umpan : NA0 = 0,7803

= 46,034 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

Berat C4H9OH = n × Mr
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟 1 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 46,034 × 74 × 1000 𝑔𝑟 ×
𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
 𝑘𝑔
= 3.406,516 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

𝑘𝑔
3406,516 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volumetrik rit C4H9OH = 𝑘𝑔
810 ⁄ 3
𝑚

3
= 4,206 𝑚 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

3 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume C4H9OH = 4,206 𝑚 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚 × 7 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 × 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖

= 706,537 m3

Karena 3 tangki, maka 1 tangki = 235,512 m

Over Design = 20 %

Volume Tangki = 1,2 x 235,512 m3

= 282,615 m3

B. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki

Asumsi : H = 2D
𝜋
Volume = 4 × 𝐷2 × 𝐻

𝜋
282,615 m3 = 2 × 𝐷3

= 3,14
282,615 m3 × 𝐷3
2

D3 = 180,009 m3

D = 5,646 m = 222,283 in

R = 2,823 m = 111,142 in

H = 11,293 m = 444,606 in

C. Menentukan Tebal Tangki

 Tinggi Cairan dalam tangki (h cairan)

𝜋
VL = 4 × 𝐷𝑖 2 × 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
 3,14
235,512 m3 = × (5,646 m)2 × 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
4

Hcairan = 9,412 m

 Tekanan Desain
Poperasi = 1 atm

g = 9,8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2

Phidrostatik = 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 𝜌 𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 𝑔

𝑘𝑔
= 9,412m × 810 𝑚3 × 9,8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2

𝑘𝑔⁄ 𝑁
= 74708,967 𝑚. 𝑠 2 = 74708,967 ⁄𝑚2
𝑏𝑎𝑟 . 𝑚 1,013 𝑎𝑡𝑚 2
14,696 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 74708,967 𝑁⁄𝑚2 × 10−5 𝑁 × 𝑏𝑎𝑟 × 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Phidrostatik = 0,757 atm = 11,122 psi

Safety factor = 20 %

Ptotal = 1,2 x ( Poperasi + Phidrostatik)

= 1,2 ( 1 atm + 0,757 atm )

= 2,108 atm = 30,985psi

P desain = 3 atm = 44,087 psi

 Tebal tangki
𝑃 ×𝑟
𝑡= +𝑐
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑃

P desain = 44,087 psi

E = 0,8

f = 12650 psi

C = 0,125 in

44,087 psi × 108,819 in

𝑡= + 0,125 𝑖𝑛
(12650 psi . 0,8) − (0,6 . 44,087 psi)
t = 0,6 in

dipilih ts 0,625

 Menentukan Diameter tangki sesungguhnya

Diameter luar

Do = Di + 2 ts

= 222,283 in + 2 ( 0,625 in)

= 223,533 in

Diambil diameter luar standar 240 in

Maka nilai Diameter dalam tangki sebenarnya adalah

Di = OD – (2 x ts)

= 240 in – (2 x 0,625 in)

= 238,75 in

D. Menentukan Tinggi Tangki

OD = 240 in

Icr = 14,4375

r = 180 in

icr/r = 0,08 > 6%

𝑃 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 ×𝑟𝑐 ×𝑊
Tebal Penutup = (2×𝐹×𝐸)−(0,2×𝑃 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛) + 𝑐

1
1 𝑟 2
W = 4 × [3 + (𝑖𝑐𝑟) ]

1
1 180 2
W = 4 × [3 + (14,4375) = 1,633 𝑖𝑛

Sehingga :
44,087 psi ×180 in ×1,633 in
Th = (2×12650 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ×0,8)−(0,2×44,087 psi ) + 0,125 𝑖𝑛
Th = 0,766 in

Dipilih tebal head (th) = 7/8 = 0,875 in

a = ID/2 = 119,375 in

AB = (ID/2) – icr = 104,938 in

BC = r – icr = 165,563 in

AC = (BC2-AB2)0,5 = 128,059 in

b = r – AC = 51,941 in

Sf = 3 in

OA = th + b + Sf

= 55,816 in = 1,418 m

H total = Htangki + OA

= 11,293 m + 1,418 m = 12,711 m

 2. Tangki Penyimpanan Bahan Baku Asam Asetat
Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan CH3COOH sebagai bahan baku selama 7 hari

Bentuk : Tangki Silinder tegak

Bahan : Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C

Temperature : 30°C

Tekanan : 1 atm

𝑘𝑔⁄
Ρ bahan : 1050 𝑚3

E. Menghitung kebutuhan CH3COOH dan volume tangki

Kapasitas produksi : 30.000 𝑡𝑜𝑛⁄𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛

Hari kerja 1 tahun : 300 hari

𝑡𝑜𝑛 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 1000 𝑘𝑔
Kapasitas produksi = 30.000 × 300 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 × 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚 ×
𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑘𝑔
= 4.166,667 𝑗𝑎𝑚

𝑘𝑔
4.166,667 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Molaritas (n) = 𝑔𝑟
116 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 35,92 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

Nilai X = 78,03 %

35,92 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Maka jumlah umpan : NA0 = 0,7803

= 46,034 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

Berat CH3COOH = n × Mr
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟 1 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 46,034 × 60 × 1000 𝑔𝑟 ×
𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑘𝑔
= 2.762,04 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
 𝑘𝑔
2762,04 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volumetrik rit CH3COOH = 𝑘𝑔
1050 ⁄ 3
𝑚

3
= 2,631 𝑚 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚

3 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume CH3COOH = 2,631 𝑚 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚 × 7 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 × 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖

= 442,008 m3

Karena 2 tangki, maka 1 tangki = 221,004 m

Over Design = 20 %

Volume Tangki = 1,2 x 221,004 m3

= 265,2048 m3

F. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Tangki

Asumsi : H = 2D
𝜋
Volume = 4 × 𝐷2 × 𝐻

𝜋
265,2048 m3 = × 𝐷3
2

= 3,14
265,2048 m3 × 𝐷3
2

D3 = 168,92 m3

D = 5,528 m = 217,638 in

R = 2,764 m = 108,819 in

H = 11,056 m = 435,276 in

G. Menentukan Tebal Tangki

 Tinggi Cairan dalam tangki (h cairan)

𝜋
VL = 4 × 𝐷𝑖 2 × 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛

3,14
221,004 m3 = 4
× (5,528 m)2 × 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
Hcairan = 9,213 m

 Tekanan Desain
Poperasi = 1 atm

g = 9,8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2

Phidrostatik = 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 𝜌 𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 𝑔

𝑘𝑔
= 9,213 m × 1050 𝑚3 × 9,8 𝑚⁄𝑠 2

𝑘𝑔⁄ 𝑁
= 94.801,77 𝑚. 𝑠 2 = 94.801,77 ⁄𝑚2
𝑏𝑎𝑟 . 𝑚 1,013 𝑎𝑡𝑚 2
14,696 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 94.801,77 𝑁⁄𝑚2 × 10−5 𝑁 × 𝑏𝑎𝑟 × 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Phidrostatik = 0,96 atm = 14,113 psi

Safety factor = 20 %

Ptotal = 1,2 x ( Poperasi + Phidrostatik)

= 1,2 ( 1 atm + 0,96 atm )

= 2,352 atm = 34,565 psi

P desain = 3 atm = 44,087 psi

 Tebal tangki
𝑃 ×𝑟
𝑡= +𝑐
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑃

P desain = 44,087 psi

E = 0,8

f = 12650 psi

C = 0,125 in

44,087 psi × 108,819 in

𝑡= + 0,125 𝑖𝑛
(12650 psi . 0,8) − (0,6 . 44,087 psi)

t = 0,6 in

dipilih ts 0,625
  Menentukan Diameter tangki sesungguhnya
Diameter luar

Do = Di + 2 ts

= 217,638 in + 2 ( 0,625 in)

= 218,888 in

Diambil diameter luar standar 228 in

Maka nilai Diameter dalam tangki sebenarnya adalah

Di = OD – (2 x ts)

= 228 in – (2 x 0,625 in)

= 226,75 in

H. Menentukan Tinggi Tangki

OD = 228 in

Icr = 13,75

r = 180 in

icr/r = 0,076 > 6%

𝑃 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 ×𝑟𝑐 ×𝑊
Tebal Penutup = (2×𝐹×𝐸)−(0,2×𝑃 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛) + 𝑐

1
1 𝑟 2
W = 4 × [3 + (𝑖𝑐𝑟) ]

1
1 180 2
W = × [3 + ( ) = 1,655 𝑖𝑛−1
4 13,75

Sehingga :
44,087 psi ×180 in ×1,655 𝑖𝑛−1
Th = (2×12650 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ×0,8)−(0,2×44,087 psi ) + 0,125 𝑖𝑛

Th = 0,774 in

Dipilih tebal head (th) = 7/8 = 0,875 in

a = ID/2 = 113,375 in

AB = (ID/2) – icr = 99,625 in

BC = r – icr = 166,25 in

AC = (BC2-AB2)0,5 = 133,094 in

b = r – AC = 46,906 in

Sf = 3 in

OA = th + b + Sf

= 50,781 in = 1,290 m

H = Htangki + OA

= 11,056 m + 1,290 m = 12,346 m

 3. REAKTOR ESTERIFIKASI (R-101)

Fungsi : Reaktor berpengaduk, tempat terjadinya reaksi esterifikasi

Jenis : Tangki silinder tegak berdasar dan beratap torispherical head

Bahan : Stainless steel SA-167 grade 11 tipe 316

Jumlah : 1 unit

Tekanan : 1 atm

Temperatur : 100 °C

Densitas Campuran : 853,48 kg/m³

Waktu Tinggal : 40 menit = 0,667 jam

1. Penentuan volume reactor

Laju alir massa = 6173,02 kg/jam

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 6173,02 ×0,667 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume campuran = ×𝜏= = 4,824 𝑚³
𝜌 853,48 𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

Asumsi over design 20%, sehingga:

Volume reactor = 1,2 × 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 5,789 m³

2. Penentuan diameter dan tinggi tangki

a. Diameter
Untuk vessel tertutup dan berukuran besar, H=D (Brownell & Young, pers 3.11, hal
43)
𝜋
𝑉𝑡 = × 𝐼𝐷2 × 𝐻
4
𝜋
𝑉𝑡 = × 𝐼𝐷² × 𝐼𝐷
4
 5,789 𝑚³ × 4
= 𝐼𝐷³
𝜋
ID = 1,946 m = 76,614 in
b. Tinggi tangki
H = D = 84 in

3. Penentuan tebal tangki (H cairan)

𝜋
𝑉𝑐 = × 𝐼𝐷2 × 𝐻𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
4
Hcairan = 1,623 m
 Tekanan design
P Operasi = 1 atm
g = 9,8 m/s²
P Hidrostatik = 13574,941 N/m²
= 0,134 atm

P Design = 1,1 × (𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 + 𝑃ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑘)

= 1,2474 atm

= 18,322 psi

Tebal dinding tangki:

Untuk cylindrical vessel pada tekanan atmosfer dan dihitung berdasarkan tekanan
internal:

𝑃 × 𝑟𝑖
𝑡=( ) + 𝐶 (𝑃𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 4, ℎ𝑎𝑙 537)
𝑓 × 𝐸 − 0,6 × 𝑃

Dimana:

P = Tekanan design = 18,322 psi

ri = Jari-jari bagian dalam tangki = ½ ID = 38,307 in

 f = Max allowable stress = 18750 psi (Brownell & young, App. D item 4, hal
342)

Jenis penyambungan = single welded butt joint (Brownell & young, tabel
13.52, hal 254)

E = Welded joint efficiency = 0,8

C = Corrosion allowance = 0,0125 in/tahun (Brownell & young, tabel 3.1, hal
37)

t = 0,047 in, diambil t standar = 0,1875 in

4. Penentuan diameter tangki sesungguhnya

Diameter luar = OD = ID + 2t = 76,989 in
OD standar = 84 in (Brownell & young, tabel 5.7, hal 90)
ID = Diameter dalam tangki = 83,625 in
= 2,124 m
5. Penentuan ukuran head dan bottom
Bentuk = torispherical head
Bahan = stainless steel SA 167 Grade 11, Type 316
 Tebal Head
Berdasarkan tabel 5.7, Brownell & young, hal 90, didapat:
Icr = 5,125 in = 0,130 m
r = 84 in = 2,134 m
Syarat penggunaan torispherical head adalah: icr > 6% × ID (Brownell & young,
hal 88), memenuhi syarat, maka dapat digunakan:
5,125 > 5,017

Untuk menghitung tebal head, digunakan pers. 7.76 dan 7.77, Brownell & young, hal
138:
1
𝑊 = (3 + √𝑟𝑐 /𝑟𝑖 )
4
 Dimana:
W = stress intensification factor for torispherical head
rc = radius of crown =r = 84 in
ri = inside corner radius = icr = 5,125 in
W = 1,762 in
(𝑃 × 𝑟𝑐 × 𝑊)
𝑡ℎ = + 𝐶 = 0,103 𝑖𝑛
(2 × 𝑓 × 𝐸 − 0,2 × 𝑃)

Diambil = 0,187 in (Tabel 5.6, Brownell & young)

 Tinggi Head
Berdasarkan tabel 5.8, Brownell & young, hal 93, untuk th = 3/16 in, didapatkan:
Harga standard straight flange (Sf) = 1,5 s/d 2,25 in, dipilih:
Sf = 2 in =
a = ID/2 = 38,307 in
AB = ID/2 – icr = 33,182 in
BC = r - icr = 78,875 in

AC = √BC² − AB² = 71,556 in

b = r – AC = 12,444 in
OA = th + b + Sf = 14,631 in
Tinggi tangki, termasuk tinggi head dan bottom
Ht = H + 2 × OA = 113,262 in