Developmental Of Wind Turbine Generator Produce Electricity Supply

A Research
Submitted to the Faculty of
the Teacher Education Department
Cavite State University- Cavite College of Arts and Trades Campus
Rosario, Cavite

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for
INDT25: Research

July 2019
 Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1-2

1.2 Background of the Study ......................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................3
1.4 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................3
1.4.1 Summary of the Diagram ..................................................................................4
1.5 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................4
1.6 Significance of the Study .................................................................................... 4-5
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study ......................................................................5
1.8 Definition of Terms...............................................................................................5

II. Review of Related Study

2.1 Wind Power Technology. .....................................................................................6
2.2 Wind Energy Projection for the Philippines based on Climate Change Model 6
III. Methodology
3.1 Research Design....................................................................................................8
3.2 Variables and Measures ...................................................................................... 8-9
3.3 Sampling Design ...................................................................................................9
3.4 Research Respondents .........................................................................................9
3.5 Research Instrument/s .......................................................................................... 9-10
3.6 Research Locale .................................................................................................. 10
3.7 Data Gathering Procedure ................................................................................... 10
3.8 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 10

IV. RESULTS
4.1 General Information of the Respondents ............................................................ 11
4.2 General Information of the Instruments Used to the Respondents ..................... 11
4.3 Interpreted and Analysed Results of Secondary Sources .................................. 12-15
4.4 Impacts on Learning Development on Other Subjects ...................................... 16

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 17

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 5.2 Recommendation ............................................................................................... 17

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 18

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 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

One of the subject requirement of Stationary Marine Technology student is knowing

about the different types of an electric motors. If we don’t have electric motors, we don’t have
our power tools, house appliances, and cars, etc. Electric motor exist is to convert electrical
energy to mechanical energy. According to the history, Electromagnetic induction is
discovered in the early 1800’s by Oersted, Gauss, and Faraday. By 1820, Hans Christian
Oersted, and Andre Marie Ampere had discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic
field.

There are two different type of electric motor such as DC and AC electric motors. The
word DC stands for “Direct Current,” and this is the first type of motors that people were
commonly used in everyday life. The speed of DC motor can be adjusted through the use of
intensity of its current flow. The current is carried through the armature or stator of DC motor.
The armature have the coiled. Commonly known as “windings”.

This research aims to seek of the factors that effect on our global environment, in this
study on the field of electricity generator that will help on our environment such as; by the
replacing the use of fossil fuels which are mainly made of hydro-carbons and will result in
pollution to destroy our environment. Renewable sources of energy do not result on pollution
and we can reuse them. Reusable or renewable energy is pure and healthy to keep our planet
clean.

1.2 Background of the Study

According to (Boullosa, 2007). Kinetic energy generated by air currents -wind- can be
transformed into electricity through the conversion of wind turbine movement into electricity.
It is a renewable energy that doesn’t produce contamination. Wind power has been used since
antiquity in transportation (ships) and as the driving force to move the gears of mills and, at the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution, to run the first factories. Today, wind power is
transformed into electricity thanks to the use of wind turbines: the wind moves a propeller and,
by means of a mechanical system, causes the motor of a generator to rotate. To make their
installation and use profitable, wind turbines are usually grouped together in so-called wind
farms, constructed in locations favorable to their use.

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1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to replace the use of fossil fuels which are mainly made
of hydro-carbons and will result in pollution to destroy our environment. Renewable sources
of energy do not result on pollution and we can reuse them. Reusable or renewable energy is
pure and healthy to keep our planet clean.

1.4 Conceptual Framework of the study

The conceptual model that guided the researcher in conducting the study is shown in
figure 1. The preceding model will give an idea about the conceptual framework comprising
of basic course actions-input, process, output and positive and negative effects in the
environment of this study.

Input Process Output

Requirements: a. Planning
b. Machine Design
1. Budget “Development of
c. Machine
2. Materials Wind Turbine
Developing Generator Produce
3. Shop Works d. Machine Testing Electricity Supply”
4. Wide Area e. Machine
Implementation

Environmental Effects

Positive Effects Negative Effects

a. Reducing a. Human Health

Pollution b. Infrasound
b. Reduce the use of c. Wide
fossil fuel Infrastructures
c. Less Global d. Expensive
Warming e. Deforestation
d. Improved Public
Health

Figure 1

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1.4.1 Summary of the Diagram

The diagram shows the developmental process of the study including the positive and negative

effects on environment. In this study shows the basic processing on developing such a machine.

As stated by (Buscher 2017) from Washington DC. The environmental benefits of wind energy

accrue through its displacement of electricity generation that uses other energy sources, thereby

displacing the adverse environmental effects of those generators. Because the use of wind

energy has some adverse impacts, the conclusion that a wind-energy installation has net

environmental benefits requires the conclusion that all of its adverse effects are less than the

adverse effects of the generation that it displaces, also according to National Wind

Coordinating Committee (NWCC 2010). The impact of wind turbines on wildlife, most notably

on birds and bats, has been widely document and studied. A recent National Wind Coordinating

Committee (NWCC) review of peer-reviewed research found evidence of bird and bat deaths

from collisions with wind turbines and due to changes in air pressure caused by the spinning

turbines, as well as from habitat disruption. The NWCC concluded that these impacts are

relatively low and do not pose a threat to species populations. This study affects our

environment its either positive or negative effects.

1.5 Statement of the Problem

The supreme concern of this study is:

1. to reduce the use of fossil fuel that will cause pollution

2. to prevent global warming
3. To bring good and healthy environment.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The wind turbine system plays a very important role in the overall renewable energy

spectrum. Wind is an abundant resource because wind is one of our most needed sources of

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energy to convert into electrical energy. Wind is a renewable energy source because wind

will continually be produced as long as the sun shines on our planet.

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The Design of this project is primarily focused on the development of Wind turbine

generator producing electricity to prevent global warming by using this renewable energy,

reducing pollution and to bring good and healthy environment.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Ships - is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently
deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions.

Renewable energy - is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are
naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and
geothermal heat.

Reuse - is the action or practice of using something again, whether for its original
purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfil a different function (creative reuse or repurposing).

Wind Turbine - is a power generating device that is driven by the kinetic energy of
the wind.

Generator - is a device that converts motive power into electrical power for use in an
external circuit.

Electricity – is the presence and flow of electric charge.

Environment - is everything that is around us. It can be living or non-living things. It

includes physical, chemical and other natural forces.

Spectrum - in optics, the arrangement according to wavelength of visible, ultraviolet,

and infrared light.

Fossil Fuel – is a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from
the remains of living organisms.

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Rotor - is a moving component of an electromagnetic system in the electric motor, electric
generator, or alternator.

Yaw Control - is an automobile feature that uses an active differential to transfer torque to the
wheels that have the best grip on the road (torque vectoring)

Power control - is the intelligent selection of transmitter power output in a communication

system to achieve good performance within the system

Gear or Cogwheel - is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or in the case of a cogwheel,
inserted teeth (called cogs)

Topology - is concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous
deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling and bending, but not tearing or gluing.

Prototype - is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process
or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from.

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 Chapter II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consist of two types of literature and study about wind turbine generator
anything in foreign or local.

2.1 Wind Power Technology

As indicated by (Kaur 2016) India. The wind power technology has been growing
widely. With the incorporation of Wind turbines together with the electrical grid, it is necessary
for the system operators to know the behaviour of wind turbine under all the operating Many
areas of interest in the power system such as calculation of wind speed, modelling, control and
stability analysis of the wind system connected with electric grids are of importance in the
modern power system. The problem related to the various effects of wind energy when
integrated with the power system on the stability of the system is gaining more interest of
researchers because of increasing of its penetration level. In this research paper literature
review on various effects of wind power incorporation on the power system stability and
several methods for the enhancement of the small signal stability of wind system integrated
with electric grid is presented.

2.2 Wind Energy Projection for the Philippines based on Climate Change Modeling

According to (Angeli Silang et al 2014) Philippines. This study presents wind energy
projection by downscaling a regional climate model, RegCM3, which is also used in predicting
rainfall and temperature changes, and using a conversion method using the Weibull
distribution. A couple of papers which used long-term predicting models focused on two
regions, China and the US High Plains, show a decrease of about 14% and 7%-17%
respectively in wind power density due to global warming over the next century. This paper
focuses on a smaller grid size of 10 km x 10 km to concentrate on a specific wind farm in
Pililla, Rizal, Philippines which is considered as a commercially feasible site by wind
developers. Wind energy projection that considers the effects of climate change for the
expected period of operation of 25 years is used because this gives wind developers an outlook
on the power production during the wind farm's lifetime and would contribute in determining
the wind farm's potential for financial returns.

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 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows a description of the research design selection and proposed design
procedure is being used.

3.1 Process of designing

The process of designing a wind turbine entails the conceptual implementation of a

number of electric and mechanical subsystems to create a system able to converting the strength
contained in wind to useful electrical power. This system is confined by means of different
factors, the most exceptional being the financial viability of the layout. If the system may be
designed and is able to produce strength at a price less than its competition of fossil fuels and
nuclear electricity, then the project is deemed economically possible. However in nowadays
global state of affairs there's also the mission of environmental and moral viability to deal with.
Renewable energy tasks should be prioritised and subsidised through the best authorities’
organizations due to the advantages they offer to society. However, at the side of the general
public of layout initiatives, its miles an essential design aim to maintain the power value at a
lower level than of present energy producing structures.

3.2 Design procedure outline

There are a variety of different approaches that can be taken in wind turbine design and
accordingly there are also a number of issues that need to be taken into account. The design
procedure outlined in “(McGowan 2003)” (p248), sets guidelines for the design of a wind
energy converter and has been taken into consideration for application in this project.

3.3 Proposed Design Procedure:

3.3.1 Determine application.

The first step in the design process is determining for what type of application
the turbine is being designed for. There is also a difference in blade configuration for
water pumping wind mills when compared to 3 bladed electricity producing turbines.

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3.3.2 Review previous experience.

This section of the process deals with the review and investigation of the
previous design of similar wind turbines. Reviewing previous work helps with
troubleshooting and allows the designer to narrow down the available options and gain
some direction as to conducting the design process.

3.3.3 Select topology.

As there are a wide variety of different wind turbine designs, mainly varying
with the rotor type and orientation, it is important to identify the most suitable option
for the proposed application. The options include: (As listed, Wind Energy Explained:
Theory, Design and Application)

- Rotor axis orientation: horizontal / vertical

- Power control: stall, variable pitch, controllable aerodynamic surfaces and yaw
control

- Rotor position: upwind or downwind

- Yaw control: driven yaw, free yaw, fixed yaw - Rotor speed: constant or
variable

- Design tip speed ratio and solidity

- Hub type

- Number of blades

3.3.4. Preliminary loads estimate.

In the early stages of design it is important to have an approximate idea of what

sort of loading the wind turbine will be subject to. This helps in narrowing down the
design of individual components and employed techniques such as scaling and ‘rule of
thumb’. The estimates made in the preliminary stages of design are adjusted throughout
the project duration to conform to the required design specifications.

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3.3.5. Develop tentative design

Once an overall design layout has been determined, the preliminary turbine
design can be developed. The design can be broken up into a number of smaller sub
systems such as:

- Electrical Generator

- Gearing system

- Drive train

- Hub

- Yaw system

- Rotors

3.3.6. Predict performance

It is important to develop a power curve of the turbine which depicts the

performance of the turbine at different speeds. This primarily will relate to the rotor
design but also incorporates the type of gear box and generator and the associated losses
in each.

3.3.7. Evaluate design

In engineering designs the structural and mechanical integrity of the proposed

wind turbine needs to be thoroughly evaluated to ensure the turbine can operate safely
and effectively under various types of loading. The main loads of concern are those
occurring around the rotor and hub. This is a primary area of focus in the design of the
proposed wind turbine.

3.3.8. Estimate costs and cost of energy

Before the wind turbine reaches prototyping or production stages a careful cost
analysis needs to be conducted to determine if the design is economically viable. It is
necessary to effectively quote the construction cost of the turbine in both prototyping
and production stages and also to then determine a productivity cost, the cost of
producing energy.

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3.3.9. Refine design

Once preliminary design, design evaluation and cost estimation has been
completed the refinement stage is reached. Changes are made in accordance to the
findings of the mentioned evaluation processes. Material selection, component strength
and component appearance may be changed to conform to costing, structural and
mechanical integrity and also aesthetic appeal.

3.3.10. Build prototype

Once the design process has been completed a prototype should be designed to
verify any assumptions made, test concepts and insure that the turbine can be fabricated,
installed and operated as expected. Due to the time limit of the project and the nature
of the work associated in completing a prototype, this stage has only been partially
completed.

3.3.11. Test prototype

After installation of the prototype the turbine is subject to a variety of field tests
to determine the physical capabilities of the design and to determine the wind turbine’s
rated power output. Once again due to the time restraints of the project the different
subsystems will be tested to determine their individual performance levels.

3.3.12. Design production machine

The final stage of the process is to redesign the prototype for a production
scenario. This would involve sourcing readily available off the shelf parts and
redesigning components so they can be easily mass produced. This stage of the design
process does not directly apply to the project but will be pursued in future depending
upon the success of the project.

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