Number Name Location Function Stimulation Ablation

Frontal Lobe

Primary Motor Area Precentral gyrus & Contralateral

Area 4 For skilled movements Contralateral paralysis
Kinesthetic Area Paracentral lobule movements

Strip of Hines
Precentral gyrus & Inhibits motor area, Increase threshold of Spasticity of muscles,
Area 4’S Suppressor Area of
Paracentral lobule relaxes muscle stimulation of Area 4 exaggeration of DTR
Hines

Precentral gyrus,
Superior and middle Unskilled movements Spasticity of muscles,
Area 6 Premotor Area Aversive movements
frontal gyri, [extrapyramidal] exaggeration of DTR
Paracentral lobule

Superior and middle Conjugate eye

Movements of both eyes Loss of conjugate eye
Area 8 Frontal eye field frontal gyri anterior movements on
contralaterally movements
to Area 6 command

Planning, judgement,
Area Anterior part of thinking, and other Automatic responses U: no effect
Prefrontal areas
9-10-11-12 frontal gyri complex thought [ex. sweating, salivation] B: frontal lobe syndrome
process

Pars opercularis,
Speech areas of Controls motor
Area 44 & 45 Pars triangularis No data Broca’s Aphasia
Broca apparatus for speech
*respectively
 Number Name Location Function Stimulation Ablation

Parietal Lobe

Complex sensory Produce numbness and

Primary Sensory
Postcentral gyrus & perception as tingling sensations Severe impairment of
Area 3-1-2 Projection Area,
Paracentral lobule discriminative senses* (contralaterally) but sensations contralaterally
Somesthetic Area
contralaterally never pain

Superior parietal
Sensory Association Body scheme /
Area 5 & 7 lobule, paracentral No data Loss of body image
Areas Body image
lobule, precuneus

Visual receptive aphasia

Visual speech Interpretation of symbols
Area 39 Angular gyrus No data (“word blindness”, alexia,
center [written language]
agraphia)

Visual, auditory, Correlates auditory,

Loss of symbolism of
Area 40 and somesthetic Supramarginal gyrus visual, and somesthetic No data
language
association impulses

*Discriminative Senses: Aphasia

1. spatial recognition - loss of speech both written and oral
2. stereognosis
3. two-point discrimination Types of Aphasia
4. gradation of temperature 1. motor or expressive
- inability of express thoughts and ideas but the muscles
are not paralyzed (Broca’s Aphasia)
2. sensory or receptive
 Number Name Location Function Stimulation Ablation

Temporal Lobe

Bilateral partial deafness,

Primary Center for Transverse gyri of Evoke buzzing, chirping,
Area 41 Auditory perception worse on the opposite
Audition Heschl roaring sounds
side

Superior temporal Auditory receptive

Auditory Speech Interpretation of sounds
Area 22 gyrus No data aphasia
Center heard
[adjacent to Area 41] (“word deafness”)

Inferior temporal
Temporal Lobe gyrus, middle
Area 20 & 21 Storage of memory No data Loss of memory
Association Areas temporal gyrus
*respectively

Uncus,
parahippocampal
Area Primary center for Receive fibers for
gyrus, anterior pole No data Loss of smell
34-28-38 olfaction olfactory reception
of temporal lobe
*respectively

Temporal Lobe Syndrome Frontal Lobe Syndrome:

S/S: S/S:
1. olfactory and gustatory disturbances 1. lack of restraint
2. dreamy state 2. outspokenness leading to boasting
3. visual symptoms 3. lack of initiative
4. tinnitus, diminution of auditory acuity/sharpness 4. flight of ideas
5. auditory hallucination 5. excessive intake of food
6. memory disturbances 6. impaired memory of recent events
7. sensory aphasia 7. impaired moral and social values
Number Name Location Function Stimulation Ablation

Occipital Lobe

Visual hallucination
Primary [ex. production of visual Homonymous
Lips of calcarine Reception of visual
Area 17 Center for Vision, images unlike ordinary (corresponding eye-field)
fissure impulses
Striate Area objects like bright stars, hemi-anopsia
streaks of light]

Cuneus & lingual

Gives meaning to objects Visual agnosia, visual
Area 18 Parastriate Area gyrus Visual hallucination
seen; color vision perseveration
[adjacent to Area 17]

Conjugate eye
Remaining part of
movements [involuntary], Nystagmus, loss of
Area 19 Occipital eyefield cuneus & lingual Visual hallucination
eye fixation, & following function
gyrus
movements

Number Name Location Function Stimulation Ablation

Gyrus Cinguli / Medial Surface

Apathy, akinesia, mutism,

Area Reverberating circuit for Alterations in visceral indifference to pain,
No name Gyrus cinguli
23-24-33 emotion responses stupor, & coma [terminal
stage]