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EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS: RELIEF GOODS DISTRIBUTION


AND TRANSPORTATION

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Industrial Engineering


Rizal Technological University
City of Mandaluyong

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of


Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering

By:

Czarina Mae G. David


Arianne D.C.Deveza
Juli Ann R. Mana-ay
JuletsKeah T. Sanchez
Rennail V.Viray

2019
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APPROVAL SHEET

This paper entitled Emergency Humanitarian Logistics: Relief Goods

Distribution and Transportation, prepared and submitted by David, Czarina Mae G.,

Deveza, Arianne D.C., Mana-ay, Juli Ann R., Sanchez, Julets Keah T., and Viray,

Rennail V. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science

in Industrial Engineering, has been examined and recommended for oral examination.

May 20, 2019 Dr. Helen L. Mendoza


Adviser

Panel of Examiners

Approved as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Industrial Engineering by the Oral Committee.

Dr. Virginia S. Sobremisana


Chairperson

Dr. Nestor M. Japis Engr. Maria Victoria B. Lazaro


Member Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor


of Science in Industrial Engineering.

May 21, 2019 Engr. Orlando M. Echaluse


Dean,CEIT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude and appreciation

for the help and support of the following persons who is one way or another have

contributed in making this study possible:

Dr. Helen L. Mendoza, Department Head of Industrial Engineering and

Industrial Technology, Rizal Technological University, their research adviser for her

patience and full support in imparting her knowledge and expertise in this study.

The Philippine Red Cross for allowing them to conduct this study and without

those support this study may not be possible;

Ms. Ria S. Rivera, Mr. Erickson Evasco, Ms. Joahna Christine Bandal, Mr.

Mark Joy Santos, Mr. Marvin Jay Santos and Mr. Geocar Ian Malcampo

respectively, for their time to cater the questions of the researchers;

The panelists, for their time, comments and suggestions towards the

completion of this study;

Their family and friends who are always there to uplift their morale and for

their financial support;

And above all the Almighty and Ever Living God, who is the source of all

knowledge and wisdom for making these possible.

C.M.G.D

A.D.C.D

J.A.R.M

J.K.T.S

R.V.V
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
CHAPTERS
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 3
Conceptual Framework 4
Theoretical Framework 5
Statement of the Problem 8
Significance of the Study 8
Scope of the Study 9
Definition of Terms 10

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE


Emergency 11
Humanitarian Logistics 12
Relief Goods Distribution 13
Transportation Linear Programming 15
Synthesis of Related Literature 16

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method 18
Data Gathering Procedure 18
Research Instrument 19
Statistical Treatment of Data or Data Analysis 19
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4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCUSION AND


RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 26
Conclusion 27
Recommendations 27

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
Request Letter

CURRICULUM VITAE
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Emergency is defined by the World Food Programme (WFP) as an urgent

situation where an unnecessary event has occurred which leads to human suffering,

loss of lives and loss of properties and which the government concerned has not the

means to remedy, and it is a demonstrably abnormal event which produces dislocation

in the life of a community on an exceptional scale. As human, we cannot predict when

and where an emergency will occur. Most emergencies require urgent action to

prevent a worsening of the situation and one of the main reasons why emergencies

occur are natural disasters (Argollo, 2013). Philippines is one of the most disaster

prone countries in the world according to the article of the Phil. Star published on

November 29, 2017. In order to help those who are affected of disasters, humanitarian

logistics takes place.

In a study made by Heather Smith published in 2016 she stated that

humanitarian operations is the act of supplying material assistance to the victims of a

certain catastrophe in the form of food or material aid provided during famine, drought

or natural disaster. In this kind of humanitarian aid, errors such as delays could cost

lives. For that reason, humanitarian logistics makes certain that there is a good flow

of reliefs and aid along the victims.

Part of the humanitarian logistics is relief goods distribution that is possible

through the help of volunteers who distribute goods such as food, clothing, medical

supplies, services, and the other aid that can help the other individuals. The same
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has been advocated by Espina et al., The affected individuals are expecting the help

of the government and Philippine Red Cross (PRC) being a non-governmental

organization which also provides relief goods operation. The relief items are packed

based on the needs of the affected victims with the help of PRC’s staff and volunteers

in such a way that the distribution may be facilitated. Relief goods may come in the

form of food items and non-food items such as ready-to-eat meals, food packs,

hygiene kit, sleeping kit, kitchen set, water container, tarpaulins, tents, or cash

depending on the needs of each disaster-affected families. PRC also provides medical

assistance making sure that each family is safe and secure.

However, the organizations encounter different issues concerning distribution

and transportation of relief goods such as: lack of vehicles and volunteers,

misinformation about the demand of goods, lack of storage facility, shortage of relief

goods, lack of coordination between government agencies, and topography of the

affected area. (Dinglasan, 2014)

In order to optimize operations of humanitarian assistance, the researchers

have to deal with assigning supply and demand to destinations by the use of

transportation. This must be done through immediate action to reach the victims that

are mostly in need.

The objective of this research is to minimize the cost of transportation of relief

goods to the victims of the calamity and to improve the relief goods distribution of The

Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch.


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Background of the Study

Philippine Red Cross is one of the premiere humanitarian organizations of the

country. This organization is committed to produce quality life-saving services in

vulnerable situations. The Disaster Management Service is a charter obligation of the

Philippine Red Cross, essentially tasked to provide humanitarian assistance to the

most affected during emergencies. (Red Cross Org, 2017)

In an interview conducted last December 19, 2017, the branch administrator,

Ms. Ria S. Rivera stated that the Philippine Red Cross offers logistics such as man

resources, fleet, and relief goods or materials. The process of their humanitarian

operations is divided into three. The first one is the procurement process where getting

of raw materials could be purchased or solicited. The second one is the inventory

process where the storage of materials occurs. The last one is the transportation

process where relief goods are distributed to the designated areas. Seventy (70)

percent of the affected victims are being assisted by the government while thirty (30)

percent are assisted by Philippine Red Cross. During the election code, Philippine

Red Cross is in charge to accommodate all of the affected victims of calamities.

The Disaster Management Service of Philippine Red Cross implements its

mandate to attain the process of their logistics effectively. In the procurement process

they purchase or they solicit in-cash or in-kind to replenish the stocks of the inventory.

In the inventory process, they first check all the details of the solicited materials from

the expiration date to the packaging itself. Foods that are expected to expire in the

next six months are no longer accepted and disposed of immediately making sure that

the food and clothes that are being distributed are meticulously inspected. In the
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transportation process, Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter ensures timely and

effective relief assistance to the affected population making use of their delivery

vehicles. If the branches of Philippine Red Cross need more sources of transportation

the National Red Cross may provide the same.

In the process of humanitarian logistics, problems are inevitable to occur. The

Philippines Red Cross believe that a delay in humanitarian programs may cost a life.

It is important to minimize the errors of the operations given that humans can only

survive without food and water for a definite number of days, thus it is crucial to

distribute relief supplies as early as possible and to be able to circulate it to the

affected areas.

The present researchers’ objective is to make a proposed distribution plan for

the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in its relief goods distribution program.

The plan will be made through the use of a Linear Programming as a tool to minimize

the total cost of transportation.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

PRC RizalProvince Analyzation of Better Relief


Branchdata in data using Linear Goods Distribution
distribution and Programming. and Humanitarian
transportation of logistics of the
the relief goods. PRC Rizal
Province Branch in
terms of cost.

Figure 1

The figure above shows the schematic diagram of the study. The input shows

the gathering of data in distribution and transportation of Philippine Red Cross Rizal
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Province Branch. After we gather the data, we will use the OR tool Linear

Programming in the process. Linear Programming will help to optimize from the

inventory to the distribution of the relief goods. And last, the output is better relief

goods distribution of PRC.

Theoretical Framework

This study will use Linear Programming to solve the Transportation Problem

of PRC dealing with the distribution of its relief goods from PRC Rizal Province

Branch’s stockroom to any of its destination. Linear Programming is a problem

solving tool that helps decision-makers in planning and resource allocation such as

the cost, supplies, and time.

In the book of Winston (2004) entitled “Operations Research Application and

Algorithms” Linear Programming was introduced and defined important terms, as

follows:

“Linear programming (LP) is a tool for solving optimization problems.

In 1947, George Dantzig developed an efficient method, the simplex algorithm,

for solving linear programming problems (also called LP). Since the

development of the simplex algorithm, LP has been used to solve optimization

problems in industries as diverse as banking, education, forestry, petroleum,

and trucking. In a survey of Fortune 500 firms, 85% of the respondents said

they had used linear programming. As a measure of the importance of linear

programming in operations research, approximately 70% of this book will be

devoted to linear programming and related optimization techniques.


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We begin by defining the relevant decision variables. In any linear

programming model, the decision variables should completely describe the

decisions to be made.

In any linear programming problem, the decision maker wants to

maximize (usually revenue or profit) or minimize (usually costs) some function

of the decision variables. The function to be maximized or minimized is called

the objective function.

The coefficient of a variable in the objective function is called the

objective function coefficient of the variable.”

One of the special types of Linear Programming problem is Transportation

Problem, where its objective is to minimize the cost of distribution of goods from the

sources to its destinations. Because of Transportation Problem’s special structure the

usual simplex method is not suitable for solving transportation problems. These

problems require a special method of solution. (Tulsian& Pandey, 2006). The sources

of the transportation problem in this study are the stockroom from which goods are

discharged. While the destinations are the affected areas to which goods are sent.

The transportation problem will achieve the optimal solution of the objective

function that demonstrates the overall measure of performance for the problem.
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Statement of the Problem

The problem of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch related to the

distribution of its relief goods and services is the highlight of this research. Specifically,

this paper will be sought answers to the following sub-problems:

1. What is the profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in terms of:

 Manpower

 Satellite Offices

 Distribution vehicles

2. What are the characteristics of the operation in relief goods distribution?

 Items to be distributed

 Location of distribution

 Quantity of relief goods in terms of:

a) Supply

b) Demand

3. How are the distribution of relief goods being operated?

4. What is the current distribution of The Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province

Branch in terms of cost?

5. What is the proposed distribution of The Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province

Branch in terms of cost?

6. Is there a reliable difference between the current distribution plan of the

Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the proposed relief goods

distribution in terms of cost?


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Hypothesis

1. Ho: There is no reliable difference between the current humanitarian

logistics of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the

proposed transportation model.

Ha: There is reliable difference between the current humanitarian

logistics of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the

proposed transportation model.

Significance of the Study

This research study will be beneficial and significant to the following:

Resident of Rizal Province.This research study may lessen the delay of

receiving relief goods for the victims, to save more lives, to lessen the worries of the

affected residents.

Philippine Red Cross. This research study will provide a better relief goods

distribution plan.

Researchers. This research study will help enhance the knowledge of the

researchers in Industrial Engineering subjects and to help them analyze real life

situations.

Future Researchers. This research study can be set as a guide and

can be used for further research and development that is related to humanitarian

logistics by using Linear Programming – Transportation Problem.


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Scope and Limitation/Delimitation

Scope

The study focuses on the relief goods distribution and transportation of PRC

in Rizal Province during 2018. The researchers would like to attain a better relief

goods distribution of PRC in terms of cost using Linear Programming for

Transportation problem.

Limitation

The limitations of this study is the data about the cost of donations of relief

goods and the distribution of relief goods in the preceding years of 2018.

Delimitation

Relief Goods Distribution has three processes: procurement, inventory, and

transportation. The researchers will only focus on the third process which is the

Transportation and will study the PRC’s relief goods distribution of Rizal Chapter.

Out of the eight branches under Rizal Chapter, the researchers selected one branch

which is Rizal Province Branch. Furthermore, the researchers delimited the study by

not involving the distribution of hot meals and non-food items.


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Definition of Terms

Branch. Refers to the sub-offices of a chapter.

Chapter. Refers to the division of offices of Red cross in the Philippines.

Delivery Vehicles. Refers to vehicles used by PRC to transport goods to the

affected families. These vehicles includes cars, trucks, military trucks, etc.

Humanitarian Logistics. Branch of logistics which specialized in organizing

the delivery and warehousing of supplies during natural disasters or complex

emergencies to the affected area and people.

PRC. Philippine Red Crossis a non governmentorganization. It provides six

major services: National Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety

Services, Health Services, Welfare Services and Red Cross Youth.

PRC National. The national headquarters of Philippine Red Cross located at

Boni Avenue.

PRC Rizal Chapter. The mini-headquarters of Philippine Red Cross and the

only chapter that has branches such as: Makati Branch, Mandaluyong Branch,

Muntinlupa Branch, Parañaque Branch, Pasig-Pateros Branch, Rizal Province, San

Juan Branch, Taguig Branch, and Las Piñas Sub Chapter.

Procurement. Refers to the 1st process of humanitarian logistic of PRC. They

purchase or they solicit in-cash or in-kind to replenish the stocks of the inventory.

Transportation. It is the transport of relief goods from PRC’s warehouses to

the affected areas during calamity in Rizal Province.


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

This chapter discusses the studies and concepts related to the study. This

information will be used by our group to have profundity of the research.

Emergency

There are some authors who discuss about the humanitarian emergencies and

natural disasters and how will the government response in this situation. Nezih Altay

& Walter G. Green III, Mei- Shiang Chang et al, and JM Albala Betrand (2010) stated

that disasters are large intractable problems that test the ability of commodities and

nations to effectively protect their population and infrastructure. According to Richard

Sylves (2015), emergency management fundamentally involves coordinated activity

involving government and different public and private settings. Because much of this

coordination work involves oversight and operational management of officials working

at different levels, intergovernmental relations theory and analysis are most

appropriate in disaster study. In addition, the framework of intergovernmental relations

helps one appreciate that the definition of disaster is dynamic and is particularly

influenced by political actors and forces. The author concluded that it is a big challenge

to the government on how to properly response in an emergency brought by natural

disaster or human emergencies. Aakil M. Caunhye et al stated that disaster operations

can be performed before or after disaster occurrence.

According to Dennis Mileti, disaster stem from more than simply “unexpected

events.” Disaster results from somewhat predictable inter-actions of the physical


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environment (earth quakes, floods, etc.), the social and demographic characteristics

of the localities that experience them (population, population density, economic level

of development), and the durability and resilience of the constructed or built

environments (such as buildings, bridges, roads, housing, and utility infrastructure).

Yet disaster also challenge the operation, resilience, competence and responsiveness

of government as a political system. According to J M Albala-Bertrand (2010), natural

disasters, there can be some significant interference with society and therefore

institutional change arising from both the impact effects and the responses, but this is

infrequent, mostly incidental and not normally widespread or long-term. However the

response to this calamity is also bound to cause significant interference with society,

which may be intense, long-term and mostly deliberate.

Humanitarian Logistics

A variety of authors had identified different application of humanitarian

logistics in their research. According to the study of R.E. Overstreet et al. (2013), in

a humanitarian crisis review of the last four decades, Kent (2004) concluded that

humanitarian operations have become big business and a major concern in the

international community. Other authors have stated that these operations are

approximately 80 percent logistics (Bonney, 2005; Trunick, 2005). Therefore, in

large part the success of any humanitarian operation is directly attributable to the

logisticians’ efficiency and effectiveness in getting the necessary people and

supplies to the right place quickly. According to Anisya Thomas, logistics or supply

chain management is recognized as a strategic and value-producing component in

the overall operation of commercial organizations.


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Also, a research by the Fritz Institute defined that humanitarian logistics is the

process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and

storage of goods and materials, as well as related information, from the point of origin

to the point of consumption for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable

people. The function encompasses a range of activities, including preparedness,

planning, procurement, transport, warehousing, tracking and tracing, and customs

clearance (Thomas and Kopczak, 2005, p. 2). The Fritz institute suggests that logistics

is the central for relief for several reasons. First, logistics serves as a bridge between

disaster preparedness and response through the establishment of effective

procurement procedures, supplier relationships, prepositioned stock and knowledge

of local transport conditions. Second, the speed of response for major humanitarian

operations involving health, food, shelter, and water sanitation interventions is

dependent on the ability of logisticians to procure, transport and receive supplies at

the site of a humanitarian relief effort. And third, since the logistics department is

usually involved in every stage of a relief effort, it is a rich repository of data that can

be analyzed to provide post-event learning.

Relief Goods Distribution

De La Torre et al. presented the analysis on how operations research models

are used in the transportation of relief goods and routing of vehicles through

interviews and publications of aid organizations and literature reviews. Their review

was classified under four different titles: 1) Objective functions whch involve

minimizing the cost, unsatisfied demands, latest arrival, total response time, and

maximizing the total transportation reliabilty, 2) Goods involving stochastic supply


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and demand, or multi-commodity constraints, 3) Routing involving multiple/single/no

depot and the use of heterogenous/homogenous vehicles, stochastic travel time,

and 4) The selection of test data whether it is taken from real disasters or not. Guler

2017, mentioned that when planning future routes, the availability of vehicles, supply

and demand can be a challenge due to uncertanties for a single period routing.

In the study of Duyag et al., it was stated that various operations research

modeling techniques can be utilized to optimize and increase the efficiency of relief

goods distribution post disasters. Lei, F., (2007) mentioned that dynamic

programming allows interaction to different types of disasters and conditions through

giving priority to certain commodities and requirements through goal programming

that can be thought of as an extension of linear programming.

Lin, Y. H., Batta, R., Rogerson, P. A., Blatt, A., & Flanigan, M. (2011)

proposed a logistical model for delivery of prioritized items in relief operations. The

multi objective integer model considered various commodities with multi vehicle

modes in a period phased system that features a split delivery strategy scenario. Na,

L., & Zhi, L. (2009) analyzed that social cost can be minimized by identifying the

potential supply points in the affected area where supplies can be sent to deliver to

other facilities nearby. The deprivation cost, which refers to the amount of demand

met by the system, is also considered. They show various types of emergency

events considerations wherein multiple transportation nodes are considered to

deliver to disaster ridden locations. The objective function of the model considers to

minimize the total time taken to accomplish the distribution assuming that all the

demand is met and the budget is set as a parameter to the function.


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Transportation Linear Programming

There are different authors used Linear Programming in solving or studying

about transportation problem. In the study of Khan (2014), Linear Programming is also

called Linear Optimization which is a mathematical method used for determining a

way to get the best result such as maximization of profit and minimization of cost in a

given mathematical model for some list of requirements represented as linear

relationships. As mentioned in his study, Linear Programming can be applied to

various fields of study. Industries that use linear programming models include

transportation, energy, telecommuting and manufacturing. He used Linear

Programming to his study titled, “Transportation Cost Optimization Using Linear

Programming” to find the optimal transportation cost.

According to Baraka and et. al (2015), Linear programming is a widely used

mathematical modelling technique designed to help decision-makers in planning and

resource allocation. They also used Linear Programming as a tool to determine a

minimum-cost transportation plan for a single commodity from a number of sources to

a number of destinations.

In the study of Khan (2014), he stated that minimizing the transportation cost

will result in increased profitability. While in the study of Baraka and et.al, they

acknowledge that selecting an appropriate transportation model could save time and

money, and ultimately save lives. Both study concluded that using Linear

Programming is very helpful in optimizing a model and to solve cost, time and other

transportation problem.

Synthesis
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As mentioned by Richard Sylvest, disaster is a big challenge to the

government. This supported the study of Nezih Altay et. al, where they both

indicated that disasters or human emergencies tests the ability of nations by

performing humanitarian logistics. Sylves stated also that disasters are intractable

problems. However, it contradicted the study of Mileti where he mentioned that

disasters result from predictable interactions. According to Fritz Institute,

humanitarian logistics is the process of planning and controlling the flow of goods.

This study relates to Thomas et. al where they stated that humanitarian logistics

encompasses activities such as preparedness, procurement, warehousing, and

tracking. Lin, Y.H., Batta R. Et. Al stated that various operations research modeling

techniques can be utilized to optimize and increase the efficiency of relief goods

distribution in post disasters. Different authors have imposed the use of Linear

Programming in solving optimization of profit and cost in transportation problem. In

the study of Khan and Baraka et. al, Linear Programming was used in optimizing

models to solve cost, time and transportation problem. Similarly, Baraka et. al added

that Linear programming is a widely used mathematical modelling technique

designed to help decision-makers in planning and resource allocation. Na, L. & Zhi,

L mentioned that social cost can be minimized by identifying the potential supply

points in the affected area where supplies can be sent to be delivered to other

facilities nearby. Lin, Y.H., Batta R. Et. Al also analyzed that the objective function of

the model considers to minimize the total time taken to accomplish time distribution.
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the information on the Research Methods or Design,

Data Gathering Procedure, Research Instrument and Statistical Treatment of Data or

Data Analysis of this thesis.

Research Method or Design

In order to collect the data needed, the researchers conducted an interview

with PRC. The researchers used secondary data for their research. Secondary data

means data that are already available. The researchers used literature review as their

basis in their study.

The researchers used descriptive research design to identify the profile of the

Philippines Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the characteristics of the operation

in relief goods distribution and also used comparative research design to answer the

difference between the current and proposed distribution plan in terms of cost.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers gathered the data by asking permission from the Philippine

Red Cross (PRC) Mandaluyong Branch to conduct a study about their Relief Goods

Distribution System. The researchers had an interview with the branch administrator,

Ms. Ria S. Rivera, about the humanitarian assistance program and the problems that

occur in their system. The researchers found that the data from Mandaluyong Branch

was insufficient for the study. For this reason, the researchers went to the PRC

National to request a data that would comply the research and asked permission to

Ms. Anna Mariquina, the officer in charge of Disaster Management


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Services (DMS) of PRC National. On August 7, 2018, PRC National scheduled the

researchers to have an interview with Mr. Erickson Evasco, the Logistic Officer of DMS

about the general information of its humanitarian logistics and about the relief goods

distribution during Typhoon Vinta in Mindanao last December 2017. However, the

researchers were unable to establish the study due to their inability to visit Mindanao.

On November 28, 2018 the researchers went to PRC Mandaluyong Branch to once

again ask permission for an interview. But Ms. Ria S. Rivera was newly designated at

PRC Rizal Chapter which is located at Pasig City. We were advised and approved to

have an interview at PRC Rizal Chapter. Last January 14, 2019, Ms. Ria S. Rivera

referred us to Ms. Joahna Celestine Bandal, the Chapter Service Representative

about relief goods distribution in Rizal Province for an interview. In order to attain all

the data that are need for the study, the researcher visited PRC Rizal Province Branch

South Office in Antipolo City last April 23, 2019. On the said date, Mr. Geocar Ian

Malcampo and Mr. Marvin Joy Santos provided data and information about DMS to

the researchers.

Research Instrument

The researchers have conducted multiple interviews and humbly asked for

the data and other information needed in this study.

Microsoft Excel

This software is used to organize the data, solving the cost per unit of

transporting relief goods and among others.


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QM for Windows

This software is used to get the optimized model of the transportation

of relief goods.

Google Maps

This web-based service used to determine the distance travelled by

the vehicles in transporting the relief goods in the unit of kilometers.

Statistical Treatment of Data or Data Analysis

The following computations will be used in this study to analyze and evaluate

the data:

Linear Programming

First, the objective function will be presented using:

(1)

Formula (1) is subjected to two constraints namely:

Demand constraints:

(2)

Supply constraints:
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(3)

Where:

xij= number of units to be distributed from warehouse i to destination j

(i =1, 2,…, m; j=1, 2,…,n);

si = supply from source i;

dj = demand at destination j;

cij = cost per unit distributed from warehouse i to destination j.

T-test

The T-test analyze the significant difference between the computed data

versus the company’s distribution cost.

x̅ − 𝜇
𝑡=𝜎
⁄ 𝑛

Where:

t = computed t value
𝑥̅ = current distribution cost
𝜇 = proposed distribution cost
σ = standard deviation
n = number of destination
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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

relative to the problem stated in Chapter I.

1. The profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch in terms of:

Manpower Satellite Offices Distribution


Vehicle
Rizal Province 12 1. East Rizal Office Canter
individuals (Taytay)
Branch 2. West Rizal Office
(Rodriguez)
3. South Rizal
Office (Antipolo)
Table 1 Profile of PRC Rizal Chapter

Table 1 shows the profile of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter in terms

of manpower, satellite offices and distribution vehicle. The PRC Rizal Chapter is

one of the chapter offices of Red Cross in the Philippines that is located at 611

Shaw Boulevard Barangay Kapitolyo, Pasig City which is comprised with 89

employees and handles 8 cities, 1 municipality, and 1 province: Makati City,

Mandaluyong City, Muntinlupa City, Parañaque City, Pasig City, Pateros


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2. The characteristics of the operation in relief goods distribution:

Items to Location of Distribution Quantity of Relief Goods


be Municipality Barangay Supply Demand
distributed
FOOD ITEM Cardona Barangay Lambac 850 packs 850
families
Cardona Barangay Subay 850 packs 850
families
Cardona Barangay Real 1100 packs 1100
families
Cainta Sitio Matao, 54 packs 54 families
Barangay Sto
Domingo
Cainta San Francisco 35 packs 35 Families
Elementary School
Jala-jala 1st district- Jala jala 35 packs 35 families
Jala-jala 2nd district- Jala 62 packs 62 families
jala
Jala-jala Brgy. Lubo 61 packs 61 families
Jala-jala Brgy. Bagumbong 20 packs 20 families

Jala-jala Brgy. SipSipin CC 48 packs 48 families

Jala-jala 3rd District CC 55 packs 55 families

Jala-jala Brgy. Punta CC 66 packs 66 families

San Mateo Central ES Brgy 78 packs 78 families


Sta. Ana,
Teresa Brgy. Calumpang 14 packs 14 families
Cainta Kabisig Elementary 14 packs 14 Families
School
Antipolo Brgy. San Roque 14 packs 14 Families

Antipolo Brgy. San Roque 12 packs 12 Families

Antipolo Brgy. Mayamot 11 packs 11 Families

Antipolo Sitio Ivory Brgy. 39 packs 39 Families


Dela Paz
Table 2 Characteristics of the operation in relief goods distribution in 2018
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 22

Table 2 shows the characteristics of one year operation in relief goods

distribution at Rizal Province due to several disasters like state of calamity

(waterlily), fire, Habagat and Typhoon Ompong. It explains the quantity and

type of relief goods that were distributed to different barangays. On February

8, 2018 food packs distributed to Barangay Lambac, Subay and Real in

Cardona, Rizal. Lambac and Subay is located in island, the PRC used boat to

distribute relief goods in the said area. The rest of the operations occurred in

2018 is by land. On February 15, and April 21, PRC distributed relief goods to

Sitio Matao and San Francisco respectively due to fire incident. On August 15,

2018 the PRC distributed relief goods to different areas in Jala Jala, Rizal, 1 st

and 2nd district, Barangay Lubo and Barangay Bagumbong during Habagat

incident and the next day they distributed to Barangay Sipsipin, Barangay 3 rd

District and Barangay Punta. On August 18 and 21, food items were distributed

to Central ES and Barangay Calumpang respectively. The food items were

distributed to the municipalities of Jala- Jala were: Barangay Bayugo, Barangay

Punta, and Barangay Sipsipin to 70 families, 75 families, and 205 families

respectively. On September 16, 2018, blankets and hygiene kits were

distributed to Barangay Kabisig to 13 families.

3. How are the distribution of relief goods being operated?

The operation of relief goods distribution of all chapter and branch offices of

the Philippine Red Cross follows the same standard. The branch that covers
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 23

the affected area is responsible for utilizing the operation. The initial step in

any emergency response is to assess wherein they identify the number of

affected families, what kind of disaster occurred, and what kind of relief

should be provided. PRC also coordinates with the LGU and other

organizations to avoid duplication of relief. The assessment should only last

twenty-four to seventy-two hours. The next process is the distribution of relief

goods that usually takes place at schools, court, and evacuation centers.

PRC prioritizes the most vulnerable affected families. The last process is

reporting the whole operation to PRC National.

4. The current distribution in terms of cost of PRC Rizal Province Branch:

FROM Antipolo City Taytay City


TO Cost
Office Office
Barangay Lambac 850 5700.00
Barangay Subay 850 5700.00
Barangay Real 1100 4200.00
Sitio Matao, Barangay
54
Sto. Domingo 4200.00
San Francisco
35
Elementary School 4200.00
1st District 35
2nd District 62
Brgy. Lubo 61 5000
Brgy. Bagumbong 20
Brgy. SipSipin CC 48
Brgy. 3rd District CC 55
Brgy. Punta CC 66 5000
Central ES Brgy Sta. Ana, 78
Brgy. Calumpang 14 4200
Kabisig Elementary
14 4200
School
Brgy. San Roque 14 4200
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 24

Brgy. San Roque 12 4200


Brgy. Mayamot 11 4200
Sitio Ivory Brgy. Dela Paz
39 4200

Table 3. Current Linear Programming Transportation Cost per unit Model

Table 3 shows the distribution operation of Philippine Red Cross Rizal Branch

in terms of cost during the Habagat and Typhoon Ompong happened between

August and September 2018. Where A is South Rizal Office (Antipolo) and B

is East Rizal Office (Taytay). The destination point are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 which

represent Kabisig, Bayugo, Punta, Sipsipin, San Andres, Teresa

respectively.The Transportation cost per unit are in the upper right side of each

cells. The quantity of relief goods that are distributed from warehouse to certain

destination are located at the center of each cells. During this operation South

Rizal Office distributed 616 goods while East Rizal Office distributed 25 goods.

The relief goods that are demanded in each destination are 26, 70, 75, 205,

231, and 35 respectively. Kabisig is under the East Rizal Office that is why it is

the only area distributed by the said office while the other destinations it under

South Rizal Office. The total transportation cost is 3064.99.


RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 25

5. What is the proposed distribution of The Philippine Red Cross Rizal

Province Branch in terms of cost?

Table 4. Proposed Linear Programming Transportation Cost per unit Model

Table 4 shows the optimized table of transportation cost. The standard number of

supplies by South Rizal is 450 and East Rizal is 200. The supply must be equal to the

demand, so the researchers add one dummy as destination.The transportation cost is

minimized from 3064.99 to 1670.72.

6. Is there a reliable difference between the current distribution plan of the

Philippine Red Cross Rizal Province Branch and the proposed relief

goods distribution in terms of cost?

T-Value T- Computed

Transportation Cost ±1.645 5.02

Table 5. T-Test Result

The table shows that there is a significant difference between the current

distribution plan of the Philippine Red Cross Rizal Chapter and the proposed

relief goods distribution of the researchers in terms of cost.


RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

1. The PRC Rizal Chapter has 89 employees and has an L300 and an

ambulance. It covers 8 cities, 1 municipality, and 1 province which is Rizal

Branch. The Rizal Branch- Antipolo (South Rizal Office) has two satellite

offices: West Rizal Office and East Rizal Office. Their use of transportation is

an L300.

2. The characteristics of operation of relief goods distribution during Habagat

and Typhoon Ompong in terms of items distributed are hygiene kit, blanket,

and food items where it was transported to Tanay, Teresa, Cainta and Jala-

Jala Municipalities.

3. The relief goods distribution operation starts with assessment which identifies

the number of casualties and what kind of relief is needed. The distribution of

relief goods where held in a specific place/s mostly designated by the LGU.

4. The South Rizal office which is located in Antipolo distributed more relief

goods than East Rizal because it is the main office of PRC Rizal Branch.

5. The optimized table indicates that East Rizal Branch should distribute relief

goods to the affected areas like Kabisig, Bayugo, Punta and Teresa. This will

result to minimization of transportation cost.

6. The current and proposed transportation cost of relief goods is also

statistically different.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 27

Conclusions

1. The three offices of the PRC Rizal Branch handles the nearest municipalities

to them.

2. PRC prioritizes the most vulnerable affected areas and the relief that they will

distribute must not duplicate to the other reliefs given by the LGUs and other

volunteers.

3. The PRC should have assessment and decide their actions or operation

immediately.

4. The offices in Rizal Branch distribute relief goods to their coverage areas. If

there is insufficient number of relief they will ask help to other office or branch.

5. The result in the table indicates that East Rizal Office (Taytay) can also give

relief goods to Kabisig, Bayugo, Punta and Teresa even if it is out of its

coverage area.

6.

Recommendations

1. The municipalities or barangay must be responsibility of nearest PRC Rizal

Offices.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 27

REFERENCES

A.BOOKS

Olvido et al (2012). Elementary Statistics, RicRich Printing &


Publishing

Wayne L. Winston (2004). Operation Research Application And


Algorithms (Fourth Edition), Thomson books/Cole

Vishal Pandey et al (2006). Quantitative Techniques: Theory and


Problems, Pearson India

B.JOURNALS

A.M. Anaya-Arenas et al (2014). Relief Distribution Networks: A


Systematic Review. Retrieve from:
http://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar_url?url=http://corpus.ulaval.ca/jsp
ui/bitstream/20.500.11794/10088/1/Systematic LiteratureReview-
FinalRevisesVersion.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3h9N_2FBjoA_
3EZ33dPO241yguKw&nossl=1&oi=scholar

Anisya Thomas et al (2005). From Logistics to Supply Chain


Management: The Path Forward in the Humanitarian Sector. Available
from:
http://www.fritzinstitute.org/PDFs/WhitePaper/FromLogisticsto.pdf?fbclid=I
wAR01zs11-rTbLyTki4hweJAW_BtUpq8IkuH5NdA5UC7curfNQEzo-
wyVk1c

Caglar Utku Guler and Murat Ermjs (2017). OR/MS Studies on Post-
Disaster Stage Relief Item Logistic: Complimentary. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/OR-MS-reviews-related-to-relief-
item-and-emergency-logistics_fig1_318373946/amp.

Liwayway Viloria et al (2011). Barangay Government Disaster


Preparedness: The Case of Typhoon Sendong Affected Iligan
Communities. Retrieve from:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/739a/8b2bdf6b8f44327f7f2dbb3e7915
5856adf9.pdf

C. WEBSITE
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 28

Anisya Thomas (2003). Why Logistics?. Retrieve from:


https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/logistics/thomas.
pdf?fbclid=IwAR3mFD1msghvKwwkA94jYW3uZ249b8R6zGVnRWJRxI3a
6_MnFJ2RmlzvHnM

Dianne Hall et al (2013). Research in Humanitarian Logistics. Retrieve


from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254192788_Research_in_Hu
manitarian_Logistics?fbclid=IwAR0hLB9EHkV64xc1pUHdlEAY7cw2OI
PvXdxxUEBMItbEyILs8GWhKKxMTkE

Red Cross (2018). The Philippine Red Cross. Available from The Philippine
Red Cross, https://www.redcross.org.ph/about-
us/?fbclid=IwAR0DhdhGRI0u848EwetkdoUDNct7fMhSAdzuWx_T0RV
X_HT56n39922-uEY
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE

CURRICULUM

VITAE
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 29

DAVID, CZARINA MAE G.

Blk. 20, Lot 9 Daisy St. Evergreen Heights Subdivision, Brgy.


Gaya-gaya, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
09396377268

___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Rizal Technological University


Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Secondary: 2014
Bagong Silang High School
Bagong Silang, Caloocan city
Elementary: 2010
Bagong Silang Elementary School
Bagong Silang, Caloocan City

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 20 years old


Birthday: August 28, 1998
Birthplace: San Juan City
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION

Industrial Engineering and Technology Society (IETS)


- Member of Rizal Technological University
Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
- Member of Rizal Technological University
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 30

DEVEZA, ARIANNE D.C

181 NCMH Housing 9 de Febrero St., Brgy. Mauway,


Mandaluyong City
09483214652

___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Rizal Technological University


Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Secondary: 2013
Highway Hills Integrated School
Brgy. Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City
Elementary: 2009
Highway Hills Integrated School
Brgy. Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City

PERSONAL DATA
Age: 22 years old
Birthday: January 5, 1997
Birthplace: Mandaluyong City
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Aglipayan

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION

Industrial Engineering and Technology Society (IETS)


- Member of Rizal Technological University
Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
- Member of Rizal Technological University
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 31

MANA-AY, JULI ANN R.

Block 319 Lot 24 Waterbird Street, Barangay Rizal, Makati City


09292575881

___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Rizal Technological University


Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Secondary: 2014
Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino High School
Tangile Street, Barangay Comembo, Makati City
Elementary: 2010
D’ New Victoria School Foundation of the Philippines, Inc.
Milkweed Ext., Barangay Rizal, Makati City

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 21 years old


Birthday: June 19, 1997
Birthplace: Makati City
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION

Industrial Engineering and Technology Society (IETS)


- Member of Rizal Technological University
Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
- Member of Rizal Technological University
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 32

SANCHEZ, JULETS KEAH T.

Block 1, Lot 20 DF Homes, Hagonoy, Taguig City


09982782764

___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Rizal Technological University


Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Secondary: 2013
HSL Braille College
26C Durian Ext., Pag-asa Avenue, Brgy. Katuparan, Taguig City
Elementary: 2009
Em’s Signal Village Elementary School
Ballecer St., Taguig City

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 22 years old


Birthday: May 20, 1997
Birthplace: Makati City
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION

Industrial Engineering and Technology Society (IETS)


- Member of Rizal Technological University
Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
- Member of Rizal Technological University
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 33

VIRAY, RENNAIL V.

33C Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. Cembo, Makati City


09959217918

___________________________________________________________________
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Rizal Technological University


Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Secondary: 2013
St. Nichols Academy
PoblacionMacabebe, Pampanga
Elementary: 2009
Masantol Elementary School
San Isidro Masantol, Pampanga

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 22 years old


Birthday: December 11, 1196
Birthplace: Macabebe, Pampanga
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic

ORGANIZATION AFFILIATION

Industrial Engineering and Technology Society (IETS)


- Member of Rizal Technological University
Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
- Member of Rizal Technological University
RTU DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PAGE 34

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