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Electric Motor Starters

Copyright Liebherr 2010


DI THomas Klimmer

12.04.2010
Motor starter purpose

SAFE START & STOP OF MOTOR:


¾ low inrush current

FULL MOTOR PROTECTION:


¾ short circuit
¾ thermal overload
¾ undervoltage
¾ phase phault / imbalance

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¾ thermistor

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Crane Power Transmission System
HYDRAULIC CONCEPT:
An electrical motor drives hydraulic pumps, which operate
hydraulic motors or cylinders.

¾ LIEBHERR standard
¾ Reliable & safe
¾ Designed for the most severe maritime &
industrial environments
¾ Ambient temp.-40°C to +45°C (Standard)
-50°C to +55°C (optional)

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¾ No EMC interferences
¾ Accepts a wide range of voltage &
frequency fluctuations

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Electric motor starting characteristics
During start-up of electric motor the hydraulic pumps are in neutral
position and the electric motor is nearly unloaded.

Due to auxiliary pumps (boost


pressure, cooling, etc.) and the
inertia of the main pumps which
are continuously coupled to the
electrical motor, a minimum
starting torque of
0,35 * Tnom
is required for the electric motor.

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Min. required starting
torque for safe start

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Starting Method 1: DOL (Direct on line)

The simplest form of motor starters for induction motors is the


Direct On Line starter.
The starter applies full line voltage to the motor windings.
Starting current is equivalent to Locked Rotor Current.
Starting torque is equivalent to Locked Rotor Torque.

+ reliable, simple, robust

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+ high starting torque
- high starting current
- inrush current
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Starting Method 1: DOL (Direct on line)

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Typical figures: Istart = approx. 6,6 * FLC
Tstart = approx. 2,4 * FLT

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Starting Method 2: Y/D (Star/Delta)
Star-Delta starters are reduced voltage starters which reduce
starting current to 1/3 of the DOL starting current.
Starting current is equivalent to 1/3 Locked Rotor Current.
Starting torque is equivalent to 1/3 Locked Rotor Torque.

+ reliable, simple, robust

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+ moderate starting torque
+ moderate starting current
- inrush current
7 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes
Starting Method 2: Y/D (Star/Delta)

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Typical figures: Istart = approx. 6,6 / 3 = 2,2 * FLC
Tstart = approx. 2,4 /3 = 0,8 * FLT

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Starting Method 3: Electronic Softstarter
Electronic softstarters are reduced voltage starters.
Principle: A low voltage during start gives a low starting current.
Theoretically, a softstarter could limit the starting current of an electrical motor
to any value. But to maintain a minimum starting torque of approx. 0,35 * Tnom,
a minimum starting current of approx. 2,5 * Inom is required for safe start,
because with an electronic soft starter, the starting torque is reduced over-
proportionally by a square factor

- electronics, sensitive to ambient conditions


- sensitive to voltage & frequency fluctuations

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- low starting torque
+ moderate starting current
+ no inrush current

9 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes


Starting Method 3: Electronic Softstarter

Min. required
starting torque
for safe start

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Typical figures: Istart = approx. 2,5 * FLC
Tstart = approx. (2,5/6,6)² * 2,4 = 0,35 * FLT

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Comparison DOL – Y/D - Softstarter

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11 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes
Comparison DOL – Y/D - Softstarter

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12 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes
Comparison DOL – Y/D - Softstarter

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13 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes
Summarization
Starting torque:
Due to aux. pumps and the inertia of the main pumps which are continuously
coupled to the electrical motor, a minimum starting torque of 0,35 * Tnom is
required for the electric motor.

Starting current:
With an electronic soft starter, the starting torque is reduced over-proportionally
by a square factor. Therefore the minimum starting current of a soft starter cannot
be reduced to less than typically 2,5*Inom in order to maintain sufficient starting
torque.
This means, that the starting current with softstarter could be even higher than
with star-delta starter!

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Reliability:
A soft starter, being an electronic component, is sensitive to ambient conditions
and to voltage and frequency fluctuations and therefore has a higher risk to fail
compared to Star-Delta or DOL starter.

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Summarization

Environment:
Considering the severe environment where a crane is working, a conventional
soft-starter is far more reliable than an electronic softstarter. Star-delta starters
are not affected by low or high ambient temperatures, whereas electronic soft
starters have a higher risk to fail.

Costs:
A soft starter is far more expensive than a Star-Delta starter.

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15 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes
Conclusio

Comparing star/delta and electronic soft starter, it has to be concluded, that an


electronic soft starter will not improve the starting characteristics of
a cranes electric motor.
The starting current with an electronic soft starter will not be lower than the
starting current with a star/delta starter, it could be even higher!

Therefore, it is strongly recommend by LIEBHERR to use a


conventional Star-Delta starter in maritime crane applications.

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16 Electrical Installation for Offshore Cranes

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