2/27/2018 A.B.C.

M REPORT
PRECAST CONCRETE

AJAY S RANE
ROLL NO – 2015117

T.Y.B. ARCH DIV (B)

SEM 6

SIGN AND STAMP-

 PRECAST CONCRETE

INTRODUCTION –
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a
reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported
to the construction site and lifted into place. In contrast, standard concrete is poured
into site-specific forms and cured on site. Precast stone is distinguished from precast
concrete using a fine aggregate in the mixture, so the final product approaches the
appearance of naturally occurring rock or stone.
Precast (panels) are only used within ranges of exterior and interior walls.
Compressed in concrete and stone, creating a solid but maneuverable wall or face.
By producing precast concrete in a controlled environment (typically referred to as a
precast plant), the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and
be closely monitored by plant employees. Using a precast concrete system offers
many potential advantages over onsite casting. Precast concrete production
performed on ground level, which helps with safety throughout a project. There is
greater control over material quality and workmanship in a precast plant compared to
a construction site. The forms used in a precast plant can be reused hundreds to
thousands of times before they have to be replaced, often making it cheaper than
onsite casting when looking at the cost per unit of formwork.

STRUCTURAL USES OF PRECAST –

Precast concrete is used extensively in building structures, for e.g. structural frames,
floors and roofs, claddings etc.
There are two main types of precast building frame. The structural frame consists
of slabs, beams and columns. Structural frames are mainly used for offices, car
parks and retail developments.
The cross-wall frame consists of floor slabs and solid walls. It is used mainly for
hotels, schools and hospitals.
 Use of Precast Concrete for Floors:
Each year the industry makes about 5 million square meters of precast floor slabs.
That’s equivalent in area to 714 football pitches. The main types of floors are shown
in figure below:

The reason for their success is:

o Fast construction
o Economic production
o Standardized cross-section
o Good strength to weight ratio
o Smooth surface finishes
Use of Precast concrete in Cladding:

Precast concrete cladding may be used as a structural element.

However, it is used more frequently as a non-structural decorative façade.

The backing concrete is made from an ordinary mix, whereas the façade
may consist of a special mix, e.g. white Portland cement. A great variety
of forms, details and colours can be produced.

Precast concrete cladding is not exclusive to precast frames. The majority

is used with in-situ concrete or steel frames, and for refurbishments.
FEATURES OF PRECAST CONCRETE –

Because precast concrete can be cast at ground level in factory conditions, it has
these added features:

1. Better Finishes:
Better finishes can be obtained with precast concrete because the inside surface of
the mould is kept in good condition. There is no grout loss, such as that from badly
fitting formwork, which results in poor quality concrete like shown below.

By careful selection of materials and finishing processes, a wide range of high quality
finishes can be obtained.

Grouts in concrete surface. Finished surface obtained by precast.

2. No space needed on site for storing moulds and reinforcement:

Precast components are made in a factory and delivered to site where they are lifted
straight from the lorry onto the building.
 3. Faster erection at site:
Components are erected straight from the delivery lorry. This leads to faster erection
, where the difference between in-situ and precast construction is as shown below:

In both cases there is considerable amount of finishing work to be carried out. This is
often less in precast than in-situ work due to the quality of the products.

Types of precast concrete components in buildings -

The figure below shows the building structure with basic precast components. The
number of different types of precast components in these structures over the years
have become very large. But following figure shows the major types of precast
components in a building.
1. Precast Beams – There are two main categories of beams –
 Internal beams – where floor loading is symmetrical
 External beams – where floor loading is
predominantly unsymmetrical.

Internal beams . External beams.

2. Precast Columns - For structures of five storeys or less, each column will
normally be continuous to the full height of the building. For structures greater
than five storeys two or more columns are spliced together

The main types of precast columns are:

 Edge columns – symmetrical in one direction.

 Internal columns – symmetrical in all directions.
 Corner columns – not symmetrical at all.
 3. Precast Floor Slab – The main types of slabs used in precast are –

 Hollow cored slab –

 Double tee slab –

4. Precast WALL - Precast concrete walls serve two functions

 Stability

 As walls or boxes surrounding staircases and lift shafts.

Walls may be classified as infill or cantilever:

 Infill walls rely on contiguous composite action with the beam

and column frame.

 Cantilever walls or boxes act as deep beams to which the

frame is attached.
5. Precast staircase - Three options are available for precast
staircases:

 A single precast unit containing all the flights and landings

 Separate precast flights and landings

 Parts of the flights and landings are made in one piece