Skyline racing (EV calculation) VEHICLE E22

Motor Specifications
Motor Manufacturer
and Type
Agni 119R PMDCMotor
Principle- Permanently excited
Maximum continuous power-16kW
Peak power 30kW for 5s
Input voltage -84v
Nominal current 220A

Peak current 400A

Maximum torque 52N-m
Nominal torque 26N-m
Cooling method -Air

Controller specification
Motor controller type
Kelly Controller
KDHE1207
Maximum continuous
power
32.4KW
Maximum peak power 72kW for 1 minute
Maximum Input
voltage:168VDC
Output voltage: 144VDC
Maximum continuous
output current:225A
Maximum peak current:500A for 1 minute
Control method A n a l o g Signal
Cooling method: Air
Auxiliary Supply Voltage 8-30VDC

Motor Controller
A motor controller controls the overall performance of the
motor. , a single motor controller is
used to drive 2 AGNI 119R motors coupled in series. It
controls the voltage being supplied to the motor from the
accumulator container. The voltage supplied to the motor is
The controller reads the current reference signal and
compares it with the current that its on the armature circuit.
Depending on this difference, the controller supplies a
voltage that makes the armature current follow the reference
value. The controller gets its value from a potentiometer
box, used as a throttle sensor. The potentiometer range is 0-
5Kohm.

Cell Chemistry
For the purpose of Electric Vehicles, there are a lot of
options available as primary energy sources. The most
essential part in building an Electric Vehicle is the selection
of the Cell type or Cell Chemistry. Moreover, the
optimization of the selected cell type and battery pack
configuration which in turn is determined by the powertrain
requirements, leads to better results which is only possible
through rigorous testing along with simulation and analysis.
The criterion for selection of Cell Chemistry for an Electric
Vehicle is-


High Energy Density (Wh/Kg)

High Specific Energy Density (Wh/l)
High Power Density (KW/Kg)
Fast Charging and Discharging Ability
Longer Life Cycles
Eco-Friendly
LEAD ACID
PROPERTIES
Specific Energy (Wh/Kg) -33-42
Specific Energy Density(Wh/l)-60-110
Specific Power (W/Kg)-180
Life Cycles 500-800
Charge-Discharge Efficiency (%)-50-95
Cell Packing and Configuration
The Accumulator container consisted of 7( 7*12=48v)42 Ah (at a 3.5 C discharge
rate) Exide Lead ACID cells with a maximum operating voltage limit of 12.4
There are basically 2 ways of connecting cells in order to make a battery pack
(accumulator pack)-
Series(7s0p)
Parallel
Connecting the cells in series increases the total voltage of the battery pack, and
the cells experience the same current. Adding cells in parallel keeps the voltage
value as constant, and the current from each cell in parallel gets added. The
advantage with parallel configuration is the fact that it can be used to balance the
cell voltages. . However, extremely precarious protection circuits should be used in
case of parallel configuration. In the event of one cell being damaged, all the cells
in parallel will try to passively balance the faulty cell which may lead to disastrous
results.

Calculation
The energy and power requirements for the transmission is determined
by simulating the vehicle in optimum Lap, where in the parameters of
the circuit track are modelled and the minimum energy required to
complete one lap is found out. Similarly the energy required to complete
22 laps in the endurance event. The calculations for the power and
energy requirements are given below-
Approximate weight of the vehicle (with driver) : 300kg
Minimum run time required : 25min
Minimum energy required to complete endurance (Transmission
Requirement) : 6960Whr
Average time required to finish one lap (Average distance per
lap/Average Speed) : 1.2km/ (52.5km/hr) = 82.82sec
Therefore, average power required (average energy/ time) : 6960Whr/
((82.28*18)/3600) = 6960Whr/0.4114hr= 16917.8W= 16.917KW

For combination of 2 Agni 119R motors in series, power required from

1 motor : 16.917KW /2= 8.458kW

Corresponding to 8.458 kW at 84V current from the motor

characteristics is nearly 200 A, therefore, average continuous current is
well within the limits of cell capacity.
Power = 16.917kW
Capacity = 42AH
Continuous discharge rate, H = 3.5
Voltage (7s0p) = 84
Current (P/V) = 200
Using Peukert’s formula
(It = C(C/ (IH)) ^ (k-1))
= 63((63/ (200*3.5))) ^ (1.1-1)
Effective run time (t=H(C/ (IH)) ^k)
= (7.5) x (49.14/ (10.69*7.50)) ^1.1hr
= 22.25min
Hence Transmission Requirements are 16.917KW, according to the lap
timings simulated in optimum software. For Battery Design, the
effective run time is decreased to 22.25min and the Discharge rate is
49.14Ah, hence the new battery energy is 49.14Ah*40*4.2=
8225.52Whr, which is more than the required energy. Power of the
Battery Pack is also changed with respect to the new values,
power=Energy/Time
8225.52Whr/22.25Min= 22.312KW, which is also well within range and
compensates for all the losses in transmission and battery pack
connections.